Compound Obligations

1. Alternative Obligations
2. Facultative- objective novations

Simple Obligation- isang agreed prestations (choices of obligations)

Art. 1199- Alternative Obligation- ex. Deliver a car with plate number a112, the second one is deliver
mount pulag, build a house Deliver as set oof jewelry, and deliver a piano. Either of all can be perform
because anf ginamit ay “or”. Isa lang ang pipiliin. Debtor has the right to choose. Pag nawal lahat ng
obligation na iyon at isa na lang ang natira, mahgiging simple obligation na un.

- Compound obligation and distributive-

- There are several prestations due but perform all or several of the alteratives prestations in
combination unless the creditor consents

Limitation:

1. The debtor cannot choose void perstation

2. Cannot choose partly perform all or several alternatives,isa lang dapat
3. No choice kung isisa na lang ang naiwan

Art 1201- Communication of choice must be made properly and effectively

Effective- made orally or written

Effect of communication- obligation becomes a simple kung nakapili na si debtor ng gusto

niyang ipaadeliver sa knya among the choices, unless, kung hndi na pwede ung pinili nya, at may
prenesent si debtor na bagong choice at nag agree is creditor, Ok parin un, at dun na papasok ang
facultative

Art 1203- Debtor cannot make a choice because of the creditors act. Debtor has options:

1. The debtor rescind the contract

2. The debtor shall choose from the remaining but ensure that the damages incurred will be
paid

Art 1204 and 1205- There is loss or impossibility of prestations

Right of choice belongs to Deebtor:

Pag si debtor may kasalan, babayaran nya ung last prestations

With the debtor’s fault, pag may natira pay, pili nlng si creditor sa mga natira

Right of choice belongs to Creditor:

, pag nawla lahat, si creditor ang mamimili na babayaran

Pag hndi lahat nawala, Creditor will choose kung ano ang bbayran ni debtor plus

damages
Art. 1206- Facultative Obligation

- One prestation lang. parang simple siya pero compound tlga kase may substitution na
choice
Ex. Pag sinabi ni debtor, palitan na lang pala, gawa ako ng bagong obligation/choice

Before Subtitution

- The oblgation is one a simple obligation

After the substitution- apply Art 1174 and 1189, pag kasalanan ni Creditor, walang magaganap,
pag kasalanan ni Debtor, magbabayad sya sa mga damages

Collective Obligations

- There are two or more debtors

- There are two or more creditors
- There are two or more debtors and creditors.
1. Joint Obligations
2. Solidarity obigations

Joint Obligations- There are many debts as the debtors and credits as the creditors.

Solidarity- 1 creditor 1 debtor, 1 debt.

Art 1207 and 1208- Presumptions: that the obligation is only joint if the obligation os silent as to its
nature

Ex. A, B and C (debtor) owns something to XYZ-( creditor) 90k. (joint) pag silent and usapanm or walang
napag usapan, matik equall lahat, ABC tig 30k ang utang, kila XYZ is same din, 30k. Pag may percentage,
ok din. Pag joint, ibigay nya ung share na nasngir nya sa iba, pero pwede ring hndi na depende sa napag
usapan. Pag We promise, joint

Ex. Pag solidarity, pag nagbayad partially si A sa XYZ ng partial, ex. 30k, maghahati agad si XYZ sa 30k. yig
10k da. Pag may isa sa solidarity creditors ang nag forgive ng utang samga debtor, Ok na sa lahat ng
creditors at debtors (gratetious). Pero pag onerous, bayaran ng nagpakawan ng utang ung mga kasama
na pinautang niya sa ABC. Pag ung promisory is I promise, per o signed ABC, Solidarity un.

Art. 1211- Solidarity is not affected even if the solidary debtors are bound by different periods or
condition

Art 1212 and 1215- Mutual agency between and among the solidarity creditors- act of one is the act of
all. Their relationship based on trst and…. Kung anu ung gnawa ng isa, raman raman na

Art1213-

GR: A solidarity creditor cannot assign his rights to another.

EXC: the other consent to the assignment andtransferee of credits

Rules:

- Pag X may benefit si YZ, mutual un, pag wak=lang pakialamanan, prejucial, hindi mutual

Art 1214-

GR: Solidarity debtors may pay the obligations ti any of the solidarity creditors

EXC: Pag may nagdemand na creditor kay A lang, or kay X lang kayo magbabayad, pero dapat bingayan
nya rin ung dalawang kasama nya

Art 1221- Prestuation is loss or impossible

1. Without solidary debtor’s fault,

2. Pag kasalanan ng isang debtor, kasalanan na nilang lahat

Art 1222- Defenses available to solidaru debtors

Personal Defenses- Available only to specific debtor but not the. Maykakaiab sila personally. But
maybe complete or partial

Defense derived from the nature of the obligations- Complete defenses

Pag di na kaya ni C na bayaran, pag hahatian ni ABC ang bayad.