Mech 6181 Project Report

Concordia University
Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science
MECH-6181: HEATING VENTILATION SYSTEMS
Project Report
Cooling load calculations of an office building
Submitted to:
Professor: Dr. Wael Saleh

Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering
Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
Submitted by:
VENKATA SATYA RAMAKANTH KOLANU (40163112)

YALLAPU SATYA AKHIL (40125141)
1
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS ......................................................................................................................................4
PROBLEM STATEMENT ............................................................................................................................................5
FLOOR PLAN................................................................................................................................................................5
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS ..........................................................................................................................6
I. Station Incharge Room (SIC) .............................................................................................................................6
a) From roof: .......................................................................................................................................................6
b) From wall: ......................................................................................................................................................6
c) Window at east wall: ......................................................................................................................................7
d) Window at south wall: ....................................................................................................................................8
e) From lights: ....................................................................................................................................................8
f) From people:...................................................................................................................................................9
g) From appliances: ............................................................................................................................................9
h) Total Cooling Load for SIC Room ...............................................................................................................10
II. Total Cooling Load for CABIN – 1 Room .......................................................................................................12
III. Total Cooling Load for CABIN – 2 Room ...................................................................................................13
IV. Total Cooling Load for CABIN – 3 Room ...................................................................................................14
V. Total Cooling Load for CABIN – 4 Room .......................................................................................................15
VI. Total Cooling Load for Work Area – 1 Room .............................................................................................16
VII. Total Cooling Load for Work Area – 2 Room .............................................................................................17
VIII. Total Cooling Load for Dining and Recreation Room .................................................................................18
IX. Total Cooling Load for Conference Room ...................................................................................................19
X. Total Cooling Load for Record Room ..............................................................................................................20
XI. Total Cooling Load for Lounge ....................................................................................................................21
AREA OF DUCT CALCULATIONS ..........................................................................................................................22
COOLING MACHINE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS ............................................................................................23
FINAL DUCT DESIGN & AMOUNT OF AIR REQUIRED IN EACH ROOM .......................................................24
References ....................................................................................................................................................................25
2
Nomenclature
U – Overall heat transfer coefficient (W/ m2 o C)
TR – Required Temperature (o C)
To – Outside Temperature (o C)
SHGF – Sensible heat gain factor
CLF – Cooling load factor
SC – Solar attenuation Coefficients
Q – Heat transfer (W)
SHG – Sensible heat gain (W)
LHG – Latent heat gain (W)
SHF – Sensible heat Factor
– Mass flow rate (kg/s)
– Volume flow rate (m3/s)
ρ – Density (kg/m3)
h – enthalpy (Kj/kgda)
A – Area ( m2)
DBT – Dry Bulb temperature
Subscripts
o – Outside state
r – Room conditions
1 – State 1in Psychometric chart (i.e. State of fluid before entering room)
2 – State 2 in Psychometric chart ((i.e. State of mixed air before entering cooling machine)
W – Wall
Wi – Window
L – Lights
P – People
App – Appliances
stotal – sensible total
ltotal – latent total
3
DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Country India
City Vijayawada
Latitude 16.5
Longitude 80.5
Elevation 36 ft
Timelines 12:00PM,02:00 PM, 04:00 PM
Month May
Outside Temperature & Relative humidity 45o C DBT and 45%
Desired Temperature & Relative humidity 24o C DBT and 50%
Height of the building (in meters) 3.5
Number of hours in which each room is
12
occupied
Activity Level Seated, very light works
Roof Heavy weight roof
Type of the walls Light weight 8 in concrete block + air space
+ finish
Size of the window ( in meters) W1 = 3.6 x 1.5
and door W2 = 2.0 x 1.2
GD1 = 1.0 x 2.1
GD2 = 2.0 x 2.1(has no drapes)
Type of the Glass of the windows and doors Double Glazing 12.7 mm air space
Type of the frame of the windows Aluminum without thermal break
Shading / Curtain Yes
Type of Shading / Material of the Semiopen Weave - Medium Color
Curtain
Air Change per Hour 1
Velocity of air in the duct 7 m/s
Temperature of air supplied to cooling space 13o C DBT
4
PROBLEM STATEMENT
 Compute the cooling load and cooling capacity in tons of an office building consisting
of only ground floor as shown in the architectural plan below. The location of the house
is 16° North Latitude.
 The external walls are constructed of 8inch light weight aerated concrete blocks.
There is 0.75 inch of gypsum plaster on the inside. All external and internal walls are
Group D walls and they are dark colored.
 The roof is made up of 152.4 mm Heavy weight concrete with 25.4 mm insulation with
suspended ceiling, dark colored and no attics are ducts space.
 All windows are double glazed with 12.7 mm air gap and Aluminum without thermal
break. It has a reflective coating and the shading is medium colored and semi open weave
interior.
 Type of work is seated, light work doing from 9 A.M to 9 P.M. Lights (30 W/m2 of
floor area), operating from 9 A.M. to 9 P.M. The space air is changing 1 times per hour.
 The Outdoor Design Conditions are 45° C DBT and 45% humidity. Inside Design
Conditions are 24° C DBT and 50% humidity.
 The calculations are based on 12 P.M., 2 P.M. and 4 P.M. in the month of May.
FLOOR PLAN
5
COOLING LOAD CALCULATIONS
I. Station Incharge Room (SIC)
a) From roof:
Dimension – 6.5 × 5 m2Area = 32.5 m2

Overall heat transfer coefficient UR = (1/(RA0 + RA1 + RC13 + RB2 + RE0 + RE1 ))*5.68 W/ m2 o C
= 1.093 W/ m2 o C (∵ From Table 3.11)
16° N Latitude; LM = 0 for horizontal (∵ From Table 3.12)

K=1 for dark color (∵ From Table 5)
f = 1 for no attics and ducts (∵ From Table 5)
CLTDcorrected = [ (CLTD + LM)* K + (25.5 – TR) + (To - 29.4) ]*f

TR = Required Temperature = 24o C, To = Outside Temperature = 45o C
12 PM 2 PM 4 PM
CLTD 13 15 17
CLTDcorrected 30.1 32.1 34.1
Qroof (W) 1059.227 1140.272 1211.317
b) From wall:
Overall heat transfer coefficient UW = 0.91448 W/m2C (∵ From Table 30)
i. For East Facing Wall:
Group D – Dark color

Area of east wall = 5 × 3.5 = 17.5 m2
Area of window = 2 × 1.2 = 2.4 m2
Net Area of Wall = 15.1 m2
CLTDcorrected = [ (CLTD + LM)* K + (25.5 – TR) + (To - 29.4) ]

16° N Latitude & May month; LM = -1 for East (∵ From Table 3.12)
K = 1 for dark color (∵ From Table 3.10)
6
12 PM 2 PM 4 PM
CLTD/1.8 15 17.77 18.33
QEW (W) 429.449 467.698 475.431
ii. For South Facing Wall:
Group D – Dark color

Area of south wall = 6.5 × 3.5 = 22.75 m2
Area of window = 3.6 × 1.5 = 5.4 m2
Net Area of Wall = 17.35 m2
CLTDcorrected = [ (CLTD + LM)* K + (25.5 – TR) + (To - 29.4) ]

16° N Latitude & May month; LM = -7 for South (∵ From Table 3.12)
K = 1 for dark color (∵ From Table 3.10)
12 PM 2 PM 4 PM
CLTD/1.8 5 8.89 13.33
QSW (W) 239.58 301.229 371.745
c) Window at east wall:
i. Through conduction –
Types of glass – Double glazing with 12.7 mm air space + Aluminum

without thermal break
Overall heat transfer coefficient UWi = 4.62 W/m2C (∵ From Table 5-5B)
2
Area of window = 2 × 1.2 = 2.4 m
TD = To – Ti = 45 – 24 = 21o C
Qconduction = UWi × A × TD = 232.848 W
ii. Through solar –
Shading medium color with Semi open weave interior

Qs = A × SC × SHGF × CLF
7
SHGF = 215 × 3.147 = 676.605 W/m2 (∵ From Table 3.25)
SC = 0.85 (∵ From Table 22)
12 PM 2 PM 4 PM
CLF 0.27 0.22 0.17
QEWi (W) 372.674 303.66 234.646
d) Window at south wall:
i. Through conduction –
Types of glass – Double glazing with 13 mm air space + Aluminum without

thermal break
Overall heat transfer coefficient UWi = 4.62 W/m2C (∵ From Table 5-5B)
2
Area of window = 3.6 × 1.5 = 5.4 m
TD = To – Ti = 45 – 24 = 21o C
Qconduction = UWi × A × TD = 523.908 W
ii. Through solar –
Shading medium color with Semi open weave interior
Qs = A × SC × SHGF × CLF
SHGF = 41 × 3.147 = 129.027 W/m2 (∵ From Table 3.25)
SC = 0.85 (∵ From Table 22)
12 PM 2 PM 4 PM
CLF 0.83 0.68 0.35
QSWi (W) 491.554 402.719 207.281
e) From lights:
Power capacity = 30 W/m2

Number of lights =5
Area = 6.5 × 5 = 32.5 m2
Input = Power × Area × No of lights
8
= 30 × 32.5 × 5
= 4875
Lights are turned on from 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM (12 hours)
Type “a” classification – ordinary furniture, no carpet and medium to high ventilation
rate So, a = 0.55 and Type “b” classification – 8 inch concrete floor with medium
ventilation rate So, b = Type D
12 PM 2 PM 4 PM
CLF 0.74 0.76 0.77
QL (W) 3607.5 3705 3753.75
f) From people:
Number of people = 5
moderately active office work
First entry starts at 9:00 AM
Sensible heat gain (SHG) = 73 W and Latent Heat Gain (LHG) = 59 W (∵ From Table
8.2)
QLATENT = No of people × LHG

= 5 × 59
= 295 W
QSENSIBLE = No of people × SHG × CLF
Time of day No of Hours after CLF QSENSIBLE QLATENT QPTotal

people entry
12:00 PM 5 3 0.69 251.85 295 546.85
2:00 PM 5 5 0.77 281.05 295 576.05
4:00 PM 5 7 0.83 302.95 295 597.95
g) From appliances:
Total Operational hours = 10 hours

All appliances are unhooded
9
Equipment Quantity Recommended Heat gain QSENSIBLE
Computers 3 65 195
Medium Monitor 3 70 210
Laser printer (small office) 2 320 640
QSTotal 1045
Time
12:00 PM 2:00 PM 4:00 PM
CLF = 0.73 CLF = 0.81 CLF = 0.5
QAppT = CLF × QSTotal QAppT = CLF × QSTotal QAppT = CLF × QSTotal
= 762.85W = 846.45W = 888.25W
h) Total Cooling Load for SIC Room
i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM
QSENSIBLE(W) QLATENT(W)
Roof 1059.227 -
Wall -1 (East Facing) 429.449 -
Wall -2 (South Facing) 239.58 -
Window -1(Conduction) 232.848 -
Window -1(Radiation) 372.674 -
Lights 3607.5 -
People 251.85 295
Appliances 762.85 0
Total 7971.44 295
QTOTAL = QSENSIBLE + QLATENT = 7971.44 + 295 = 8266.44W
10
ii. Time of the day – 02:00 PM
Roof 1140.272 -
Lights 3705 -
People 281.05 295
Appliances 846.45 0
Total 8204.904 295
QTOTAL = QSENSIBLE + QLATENT = 8204.904 + 295 = 8499.904 W
iii. Time of the day – 04:00 PM
Roof 1211.317 -
Lights 3753.75 -
People 302.95 295
Appliances 888.25 0
Total 8202.126 295
11
II. Total Cooling Load for CABIN – 1 Room

Roof 575.737 -
Lights 1165.5 -
People 153.3 177
Appliances 341.25 0
Total 2902.649 177
ii. Time of the day – 02 :00 PM
Roof 613.992 -
Lights 1197 -
People 173.01 177
Appliances 373.1 0
Total 3111.983 177
QTOTAL = QSENSIBLE + QLATENT = 3111.983+ 177 = 3288.983 W
iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM
Roof 652.247 -
Lights 1212.75 -
People 183.96 177
Appliances 391.3 0
Total 3253.817 177
12
III. Total Cooling Load for CABIN – 2 Room
Roof 575.737 -
Lights 1165.5 -
People 153.3 177
Appliances 341.25 0
Total 2404.944 177
Roof 613.992 -
Lights 1197 -
People 173.01 177
Appliances 373.1 0
Total 2569.823 177
Roof 652.247 -
Lights 1212.75 -
People 183.96 177
Appliances 391.3 0
Total 2702.767 177
13
IV. Total Cooling Load for CABIN – 3 Room
Roof 287.868 -
Wall -1 (West Facing) 168.835 -
Partition Wall (Between 274.618 -
room and kitchen)
Lights 388.5 -
People 153.3 177
Appliances 341.25 0
Total 1614.373 177
Roof 306.996 -
room and kitchen)
Lights 399 -
People 173.01 177
Appliances 373.1 0
Total 1704.451 177
Roof 326.124 -
room and kitchen)
Lights 404.25 -
People 183.96 177
Appliances 391.3 0
Total 1789.097 177
14
V. Total Cooling Load for CABIN – 4 Room
Roof 287.868 -
Lights 388.5 -
People 153.3 177
Appliances 341.25 0
Total 1508.911 177
QTOTAL = QSENSIBLE + QLATENT = 1508.911+ 177 = 1685.911W
Roof 306.996 -
Lights 399 -
People 173.01 177
Appliances 373.1 0
Total 1642.554 177
Roof 326.124 -
Lights 404.25 -
People 183.96 177
Appliances 391.3 0
Total 1776.987 177
15
VI. Total Cooling Load for Work Area – 1 Room
Roof 1069.227 -
Windows(South) 1015.462 -
Lights 2886 -
People 306.6 354
Appliances 1338.75 0
Total 6855.619 354
Roof 1140.272 -
Lights 2964 -
People 346.2 354
Appliances 1463.7 0
Total 7141.901 354
Roof 1211.317 -
Lights 3003 -
People 367.92 354
Appliances 1535.1 0
Total 7220.326 354
16
VII. Total Cooling Load for Work Area – 2 Room
Roof 1315.972 -
Wall -1 (North Facing) 516.451 -
Windows(North) 1192.41 -
Lights 3552 -
People 306.6 354
Appliances 1338.75 0
Total 8222.184 354
Roof 1403.412 -
Lights 3648 -
People 346.2 354
Appliances 1463.7 0
Total 8581.905 354
Roof 1490.852 -
Lights 3696 -
People 367.92 354
Appliances 1535.1 0
Total 8762.467 354
17
VIII. Total Cooling Load for Dining and Recreation Room
Roof 1398.2203 -
Partition Wall (kitchen) + door 618.4098 -
Lights 7548 -
People 511 590
Appliances 840 0
Total 12664.482 590
Roof 1491.125 -
Partition Wall (kitchen)+ door 618.4098 -
Lights 7752 -
People 576.7 590
Appliances 918.4 0
Total 13120.066 590
Roof 1584.03 -
Partition Wall (kitchen)+ door 618.4098 -
Lights 7854 -
People 613.2 590
Appliances 963.2 0
Total 13350.76 590
18
IX. Total Cooling Load for Conference Room
Roof 1644.965 -
Windows(North-2,East-1) 3747.2448 -
Lights 11100 -
People 1226.4 1416
Appliances 472.5 0
Total 19088.252 1416
Roof 1754.265 -
Wall -2 (East Facing) 374.8647
Lights 11400 -
People 1384.08 1416
Appliances 516.6 0
Total 19566.605 1416
Roof 1863.565 -
Wall -2 (East Facing) 381.012
Lights 11550 -
People 1471.68 1416
Appliances 541.8 0
Total 19661.207 1416
19
X. Total Cooling Load for Record Room
Roof 575.737 -
Window -1 1051.863 -
Lights 1165.5 -
People 153.3 177
Total 3349.032 177
Roof 613.992 -
Window -1 2169.884 -
Lights 1197 -
People 173.01 177
Total 4612.379 177
QTOTAL = QSENSIBLE + QLATENT =4612.379 + 177 = 4789.379 W
Roof 652.247 -
Window -1 3070.513 -
Lights 1212.75 -
People 183.96 177
Total 5670.783 177
QTOTAL = QSENSIBLE + QLATENT = 5670.783+ 177 =5847.783W
20
XI. Total Cooling Load for Lounge
Roof 2187.803 -
1
Through Glass door(GD-2) 564.909 -
Lights 8857.8 -
People 511 590
Total 12198.842 590
Roof 2333.172 -
Lights 9097.2 -
People 576.7 590
Total 12640.776 590
Roof 2478.541 -
Lights 9216.9 -
People 613.2 590
Total 12902.514 590
1
The main glass door has no drapes so value of SC for radiation calculation is taken as 0.35 from table 22
21
AREA OF DUCT CALCULATIONS
 Considering the room conditions of Required Room temperature = 24° C

DBT and 50% relative humidity we can get value of enthalpy hr = 47.5
kJ/kgda
 As per design conditions temperature of air before entering the room is taken
as T1 = 13° C DBT and by calculating SHF = QSENSIBLE / QTOTAL we can find
the properties of air leaving the cooling machine. Value of enthalpy leaving
the cooling machine will be h1 = 36 kJ/kgda and density = 1.227 kg/m3
 Mass flow rate in the duct for each room is calculated by:
= Qrtotal / (hr h1) (kg/s)
 Volume flow rate in the duct for each room is calculated by = / ρ1 (m3/s)
 Optimum velocity in the duct is taken as V = 7 (m/s)
 Area of the duct is calculated by equation A = ( x 10000) / V (cm2)
Area of duct calculation of each room at 04:00 PM (Peak load)

Room list Qsensible(W) Qlatent(W) Qtotal(W) (kg/s) ρ1 (kg/m3) (m3/s) Aduct(cm2)
Cabin-1 3253.817 177.000 3430.817 0.298 1.227 0.243 347.342
Cabin-2 2702.767 177.000 2879.767 0.250 1.227 0.204 291.553
Cabin-3 1789.097 177.000 1966.097 0.171 1.227 0.139 199.051
Cabin-4 1776.987 177.000 1953.987 0.170 1.227 0.138 197.825
Work Area-1 7220.326 354.000 7574.326 0.659 1.227 0.537 766.838
Work Area-2 8762.467 354.000 9116.467 0.793 1.227 0.646 922.967
Lounge 12902.514 590.000 13492.514 1.173 1.227 0.956 1366.005
Dining 13350.760 590.000 13940.760 1.212 1.227 0.988 1411.387
Conference 19661.207 1416.000 21077.207 1.833 1.227 1.494 2133.893
SIC 8202.126 295.000 8497.126 0.739 1.227 0.602 860.264
Record room 5670.783 177.000 5847.783 0.509 1.227 0.414 592.040
22
COOLING MACHINE CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
 The total air quantity required for entire building is by energy balance
equation of space:
= Qtotal / (hr h1) (kg/s)
 Amount of fresh air required from outside is calculated by assuming
Ventilation and infiltration by ACH method. So, ACH for the entire building is
taken as 1 change per hour.
 Infiltration rate of fresh air is calculated by following formula:
= (Volume of total building x ACH) / 3600 (m3/s)
 Mass of fresh air required = x ρo (kg/s)
 Amount of recirculated air will be =
 State 2 (properties of mixed air) is determined by doing mass balance of the
mixed sections (i.e. recirculated air from space and fresh air from outside) gives
following
 Finally, cooling machine capacity is obtained by following equation:

Qc =
Qstotal(W) Qltotal(W) Qtotal(W)
85292.8508 4484 89776.8508
Cooling
SHF hr(kJ/kgda) (kg/s)
Machine
0.95 47.5 7.80066 Capacity
ACH h1(kJ/kgda) (m3/s) Qc (kW)
1 36 0.32472222 = 114.343
3
Vol of building(m ) ho(kJ/kgda) (kg/s)
1169 116.807 0.35446678
ρo (kg/m3) h2(kJ/kgda) (kg/s)
1.0916 50.6469 7.4522159
 Above table shows cooling load calculations of entire building at 04:00 PM.
23
FINAL DUCT DESIGN & AMOUNT OF AIR
REQUIRED IN EACH ROOM
Below image shows the floor plan along with duct dimensions and amount of air required
for each room.
24
References
1. McQuiston, F. C., Parker, J. D., & Spitler, J. D. (2019). Heating, Ventilating, and Air
Conditioning: Analysis and Design, 6th Edition (6th ed.). Wiley.
2. From Study Material provided by Professor.
25

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Concordia University

Gina Cody School of Engineering and Computer Science

MECH-6181: HEATING VENTILATION SYSTEMS

Professor: Dr. Wael Saleh

VENKATA SATYA RAMAKANTH KOLANU (40163112)

I. Station Incharge Room (SIC)

Dimension – 6.5 × 5 m2Area = 32.5 m2

16° N Latitude; LM = 0 for horizontal (∵ From Table 3.12)

CLTDcorrected = [ (CLTD + LM)* K + (25.5 – TR) + (To - 29.4) ]*f

Overall heat transfer coefficient UW = 0.91448 W/m2C (∵ From Table 30)

i. For East Facing Wall:

Group D – Dark color

CLTDcorrected = [ (CLTD + LM)* K + (25.5 – TR) + (To - 29.4) ]

ii. For South Facing Wall:

Group D – Dark color

CLTDcorrected = [ (CLTD + LM)* K + (25.5 – TR) + (To - 29.4) ]

c) Window at east wall:

Types of glass – Double glazing with 12.7 mm air space + Aluminum

ii. Through solar –

Shading medium color with Semi open weave interior

d) Window at south wall:

Types of glass – Double glazing with 13 mm air space + Aluminum without

Qconduction = UWi × A × TD = 523.908 W

ii. Through solar –

Shading medium color with Semi open weave interior

Power capacity = 30 W/m2

Lights are turned on from 9:00 AM to 9:00 PM (12 hours)

QLATENT = No of people × LHG

QSENSIBLE = No of people × SHG × CLF

Time of day No of Hours after CLF QSENSIBLE QLATENT QPTotal

Total Operational hours = 10 hours

= 762.85W = 846.45W = 888.25W

h) Total Cooling Load for SIC Room

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04:00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

ii. Time of the day – 02 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

ii. Time of the day – 02 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

ii. Time of the day – 02 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

ii. Time of the day – 02 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

ii. Time of the day – 02 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

ii. Time of the day – 02 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

ii. Time of the day – 02 :00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04 :00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM

ii. Time of the day – 02:00 PM

iii. Time of the day – 04:00 PM

i. Time of the day – 12 :00 PM