Assignment

For
Estimation and Quantity surveying (CE
4735)

Submitted to:- Submitted by:-

Sir Ningthoujam Jibanchand Md.Sawan Hussain
Assistant professor 7th sem civil
Manipur Technical University. Reg. No. 20180100310
Q1. What is an estimate? What are its purposes?
Ans. An estimate is a calculation of the quantities of various items of work, and the
expenses likely to be incurred there on. The total of these probable expenses to be
incurred on the work is known as estimated cost of the work. The estimated cost of a
work is a close approximation of its actual cost.

Purpose of Estimating:
To give a reasonably accurate idea of the cost An estimate is necessary to give the owner
a reasonably accurate idea of the cost to help him decide whether the work can be
undertaken as proposed or needs to be curtailed or abandoned, depending upon the
availability of funds and prospective direct and indirect benefits. For government works
proper sanction has to be obtained for allocating the required amount. Works are often
let out on a lump sum basis, in which case the Estimator must be in a position to know
exactly how much expenditure he is going to incur on them

1. Estimating Materials

From the estimate of a work it is possible to determine what materials and in what
quantities will be required for the work so that the arrangements to procure them can
be made.
2. Estimating Labour.

The number and kind of workers of different categories who will have to be
employed to complete the work in the specified time can be found out from the
estimate.

3. Estimating Plant

An estimate will help in determining amount and kind of equipment needed to

complete the work.

4. Estimating Time

Estimate of a work and the past experience enable one to estimate quite closely the
length of time required to complete an item of work or the work as a whole.

Whereas the importance of knowing the probable cost needs no emphasis, estimating
materials, labour, plant and time is immensely useful in planning and execution of any
work.
Q2. Explain the different types of estimation?
Ans. The different types of estimation are:-
 Preliminary Estimate.

The object of this type of estimate is only to know the approximate amount of
expenditure which is needed to obtain administrative approval by the competent
authority. Detail drawings etc. are not required and it is prepared on the basis of plinth
area, cubical contents and number of units, etc.

 Plinth Area Estimate.

This estimate is prepared on the basis of plinth area of the building multiplied by the
plinth area rate
 Cubic Rate Estimate.

This estimate is prepared on the basis of cubical contents of the public halls, or cinema
halls ; or library buildings etc. multiplied by the cube rate. For such types of buildings
this estimate is more accurate.

 Number of unit estimate.

This estimate is prepared on the unit basis, for the plan purposes, such as school,
colleges, polytechnics, hospitals etc. The expenditure is calculated by the multiplication
of rate with unit.
 Approximate quantity method estimate.

This type of estimate is prepared to know the approximate quantity of different types of
work in the building. Generally this method is adopted. This will give only the idea of
approximate cost of the building. Such type of estimate may be needed for applying for
loans or to workout the valuation of the property. Only drawing is enough for this type
of estimate.

 Detailed estimate.

This is an accurate estimate, in which the correct quantities of various type of items of
work are calculated with the help of detailed drawings, specifications and designs. The
abstract of cost is also prepared. This is required for obtaining the technical sanction,
calling of tenders, calculating the quantities of different types of materials and the
labour needed.

 Revised estimate.
This type of estimate is prepared whenever there is increase in the sanctioned amount of
expenditure by more than 5 per cent and for which revised administrative sanction is
required, due to some changes in the original proposal. All items of works are again
calculated in details ; and abstract of cost is prepared. Item-wise, comparative statement
is prepared and the difference in the amount is added algebraically and the total
amount is thus computed, for which revised sanction is obtained for the completion of
project, by giving reasons for such sanction.

 Supplementary estimate.
Supplementary estimate is prepared, whenever, during the progress of the project, any
change is ordered in the original proP0sal' for the betterment and development of the
project. For such changes, an estimate for the additional items of work is prepared and
amount is worked out, for which the sanction is obtained, or required.
  Annual repair and maintenance of estimate (AR. & MOO. estimate).
All the buildings, roads and other assets are maintained in proper condition for the
users. Annual repair work, such as white-washing, colour-washing, painting, etc, and
daily repairs of building for sanitary, water supply and other building works, are carried
out, for which the estimates are prepared according to the authorised expenditure on
such building on yearly basis. The total expenditure is divided into generally three types
i.e. (a) Estimate for such items of works, which are t be done by contract, (b) Estimate of
material, which will be obtained through suppliers, and (c) The estimate of labour, (i.e.
work charged staff) which will be required for day to day maintenance work. For
preparing this estimate "Property Register" is maintained in the Engineering Department
in which name of building, cost of the building, the year Of completion and type of
construction is given. With the help of this, the total amount of expenditure which can be
incurred is calculated and the different estimates are prepared accordingly.

 Special repair estimate.

In all the buildings the useful lie of woodwork, flooring and plastering etc. is not as
much as of the other works, therefore, special repair is carried out to maintain such items
of work in proper condition, for which special repair estimate is prepared.

 Addition and alteration estimate.

This is the type of estimate, which is prepared for making certain addition or alteration
in the building, by making partitions or creating some more doors, windows etc. in the
walls. This is prepared as detailed estimate for any new work.

Q3. What are the factors that need to be considered during preparation of a detailed
estimate?

Ans. Factors to be considered during preparation of a detailed estimate

 Quantity of material

For a large construction a large quantity of materials is required and this can be
purchased at a rate cheaper than the rate of materials required for minor work.
Therefore, rate of works should be framed considering the volume of work.

 Availability of materials

Estimated cost of a particular item becomes higher than the scheduled rate if there is no
assurance that the materials will available as and when required it is detrimental to the
progress of the work if the workers and maintenance staff remain idle for paucity Of
materials.
 Transportation of Materials
if smaller quantity of materials is required to be transported to a considerable distance,
the proportionate cost of transportation higher in comparison with the cost of a larger
quantity transported at a time.

 Location of site
if the site of work is located at such a place where loading, unloading, stacking and
restacking of materials become necessary several times due to different kinds of
journey, the point of damage or loss in transit should be considered carefully.

 local labour charges

skill and daily wages of local labour should be considered before preparation of a
detailed estimate.