Perancangan

Alat Pengaduk
ALUR PROSES DI INDUSTRI KIMIA
 Pengertian Pengadukan
 Mixing merupakan suatu proses pergerakan fluida atau
padatan untuk mendapatkan kondisi yang diharapkan baik
komposisi maupun temperatur.
 Proses pencampuran banyak dipergunakan pada industri
kimia seperti pencampuran antara gas dengan cairan,
cairan – cairan, padatan dengan padatan, padatan dengan
cairan
 Bidang – bidang yang mengaplikasikan pengadukan seperti
pada industri cat, industri kosmetik, farmasi, industri
kertas,dll
 Tujuan Pengadukan
 Blending of two miscible liquids, such as ethyl
alcohol and water.
 Dissolving solids in liquids, such as salt in water.
 Dispersing a gas in a liquid as fine bubbles,
such as oxygen from air in a suspension of
microorganisms for fermentation or for the activated
sludge process in waste treatment.
 Suspending of fine solid particles in a liquid,
in the catalytic hydrogenation of a liquid, solid
catalyst particles and hydrogen bubbles are dispersed
in the liquid.
 Agitation of the fluid to increase heat transfer between
the fluid and a coil or jacket in the vessel wall.
 Equipment for Agitation
 Three-blade propeller agitator
 Paddle agitators
 Turbine agitators
 Helical-ribbon agitators
1. Three-blade propeller agitator

FIGURE 3.4-1. Baffled tank and three-blade

propeller agitator with axial-flow pattern:
(a) side view, (b) bottom view
 2. Paddle Agitators
 often used at low speeds, between about 20 and 200 rpm.
 Two-bladed and four-bladed flat paddles are often used, as shown
in Fig. 3.4-2a.

FIGURE 3.4-2. Various types of agitators: (a) four-blade paddle, (b)

gate or anchor paddle, (c) six-blade open turbine, (d) pitched-blade
(45 ) turbine.
 At low speeds mild agitation is obtained in an unbaffled
vessel.
 At higher speeds, baffles are used
-since, without baffles, the liquid is simply swirled around
with little actual mixing.
 The paddle agitator is ineffective for suspending solids
-since good radial flow is present but little vertical or axial
flow.
 An anchor or gate paddle, shown in Fig. 3.4-2b, is often
used.
 It is used with viscous liquids where deposits on walls can
occur and to improve heat transfer to the walls.
 However, it is a poor mixer. Paddle agitators are often used
to process starch pastes, paints, adhesives, and cosmetics.
3. Turbine Agitator
 Turbines resemble of multibladed paddle agitators with
shorter blades
 used at high speeds for liquids with a very wide range of
viscosities.
 The turbines usually have four or six blades.
 Figure 3.4-3 shows a flat six-blade turbine agitator with
disk.
 They are also useful for good gas dispersion;
- the gas is introduced just below the impeller at its axis
and is drawn up to the blades and chopped into fine
bubbles.
 Often a pitched-blade turbine with only four blades is
used in suspension of solids.
Figure 3.4-3. Baffled tank with six-blade turbine
agitator with disk showing flow patterns: (a) side
view, (b) bottom view, (c) dimensions of turbine
and tank.
4. Helical-Ribbon Agitator
 used in highly viscous solutions
 operates at a low rpm in the laminar region.
 The ribbon is formed in a helical path and is attached
to a central shaft.
 The liquid moves in a tortuous flow path down the
center and up along the sides in a twisting motion.
 Similar types are the double-helical-ribbon agitator
shown in Fig. 3.4-4b and the helical-screw impeller
shown in Fig. 3.4-4c.
FIGURE 3.4-4. Other types of agitators: (a) high-
efficiency, three-blade impeller (b) double-helical-ribbon,
(c) helical-screw.
BENTUK ALIRAN
 Agitated Vessel
Power Used in Agitated Vessel

• In the design of an agitated vessel, an important factor is

the power required to drive the impeller.
• Empirical correlations have been developed to predict the
powerrequired.

Da2 N
'
N Re  ---- Eq. (3.4-1)
Where: 
Da = impeller (agitator) diameter (m)
N = rotational speed (rev/s)
ρ = fluid density (kg/m3)
µ = fluid viscosity (kg/m.s)

Reynolds number, N' is defined as:

Power consumption is related to fluid density ρ, fluid
viscosity µ, rotational speed N and impeller diameter Da
'
by plots of power number N p versus ReN
The power number is defined as:

P
Np  ----------------- Eq. (3.4-2)
N 3 Da5 (SI)
Pgc
Np  (English)
N 3 Da5
Where P = power (J/s) or (W). In English units, P =
ft.lbf/s.
 Heat Transfer in Agitated Vessel
 Often it is necessary to cool or heat the contents of the vessel
during agitation.
 This is usually done by heat-transfer surfaces, which may be in
the form of:
1) cooling or heating jackets in the wall of the vessel
2) coils of pipe immersed in the liquid.
Vessel with heating jacket
 When heating, the fluid entering is often steam, which
condenses inside the jacket and leaves at the bottom.
 The vessel is equipped with an agitator and in most cases also
with baffles.
 Correlations for the heat-transfer coefficient from the agitated
Newtonian liquid inside the vessel to the jacket walls of the
vessel have the following form:
 Latihan Kelompok
 Suatu cairan metanol akan dipanaskan dalam suatu tangki
pengaduk dari temperatur 30oC menjadi temperatur
60oC. Pengaduk yang dipergunakan 6BD dengan diameter
impeller 30” serta kecepatan pengadukan 200 rpm. Tangki
yang dipergunakan mempunyai volume 7,5 m3 dengan
diamater tangki 2 m. Adapun pemanas di dinding dengan
ketebalan pelat dinding 5 mm dengan bahan pelat SS serta
pemanas steam pada temperatur 110oC. Berapakah
waktu yang diperlukan dalam pemanasan di dalam tangki
tersebut?