International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827 Volume-3, Issue-4, Aug.

-2016

UTILIZATION OF ADVANCE C-TECH TECHNOLOGY FOR REUSE

OF SEWAGE IN SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS OF NAVI MUMBAI
1
BHAKTI KULKARNI, 2R.V. WANJULE, 3H.H. SHINDE
1, 2, 3
Civil Engineering Department, Jawaharlal Nehru Engineering College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India.
E-mail: 1kulkarni.bhakti332@gmail.com, 2ravienviorn@gmail.com, 3 harirangshinde@yahoo.com

Abstract— C-TECH is Cyclic Activation Sludge Treatment Process and is a next generation sequential batch reactor
technology. It provides highest treatment efficiency possible in a single step biological process.SFC; Austria is global water
and Wastewater Company, has introduced C-Tech to treat and recycle sewage. The use of the C-TECH System will simplify
the operation of the total wastewater treatment plant and provide excellent quality of treated effluent which can be reused.
The treated effluent out of Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology is six times better than any conventional treatment. The
treated sewage or effluents can be used for agriculture or industrial use.

Keywords— Cyclic Activated Sludge Technology, co current nitrification and denitrification, Biological Oxygen Demand
Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Suspended Solid, etc.

I. INTRODUCTION Hetwane dam, and generation of sewages is 245

Water-related problems are increasingly recognized
as one of the most immediate and serious
environmental threats to humankind. Water quality
issues arise when increasing amounts of wastewater
are discharged to natural water bodies. Numerous
harmful and toxic materials are detected in
wastewater which is considered to be a danger for the
environment and human safety. As a result most of
our surface water bodies are rendered unfit for either
industrial or domestic use causing water scarcity. The
objective of wastewater treatment is to remove
pollutants to minimize the risk to human health and
natural environment. The main objective of
wastewater treatment plant is to treat wastewater so
that after treating it can be disposed into watercourses
safely, without harming public health and
environment. But now days because of changing
weather pattern and increasing demand, wastewater
treatment plant should be more efficient so that
treated wastewater can be reused. In order to reuse
wastewater, it is necessary to treat raw wastewater to
meet specific needs and public safety and for this it is
essential to use advance wastewater treatment
technology in wastewater treatment plants or STPs.
In India, different treatment technologies like ASP,
UASB, Oxidation pond and advanced technologies
like SBR, MBR are adopted for the treatment of
sewage. Central Pollution Control Board carried out
study on status of Municipal wastewater generation
and treatment capacity in Metropolitan cities. The
sewage generation is about 38254 MLD whereas
treatment capacity developed is only about 12000
MLD and 269 numbers of STPs are installed in India
There is a Township newly established by CIDCO on
the either side of Thane Belapur Road which is
known as Navi Mumbai and is governed by Navi
Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC).
Population of Requirement of water for the Township
is 317 MLD which is fulfilled by Morbe, Barvi and
MLD The total domestic effluent generated from the
residential area of Navi Mumbai Municipal
Corporation is about 245 MLD. NMMC has provided
7 STP’s at various places for treatment of domestic
effluent. Out of which four STPs having C-tech SBR
Method & performance is satisfactory. Up-gradation
of three STPs is in progress.
II. THE C-TECH PROCESS
The C-TECH – System is operated in a batch reactor
mode this eliminates all the inefficiencies of the
continuous processes. A batch reactor is a perfect
reactor, which ensures 100% treatment. Two or more
modules are provided to ensure continuous treatment.
The complete process takes place in a single reactor,
within which all biological treatment steps take place
sequentially. Additional settling unit, secondary
clarifier is not required. The complete biological
operation is divided into cycles. Each cycle is of 3 – 5
hrs duration, during which all treatment steps take
place.
2.1. Fill-Aeration Sequences
This is self- explanatory and refers to the process
loading time in the cycle. Loading occurs outside of
the designated settle and decant sequences during
which time influent is received into the basin through
an admixture (selector) reactor. Biomass from the
main aeration zone is admixed with influent load in
the biological selector hydrolysis reactor. Complete-
mix reaction conditions prevail in the main reaction
zone during this variable volume operational
sequence, being typical of a fed-batch reactor
operation. Aeration can be regulated to maximize co-
current nitrification-denitrification that takes place
and to insure the aerobic uptake of phosphorus
previously released during anaerobic operation. Fill
sequencing is used to predominantly accumulate
organic carbon substrates. The process typically

Utilization of Advance C-TECH Technology for Reuse of Sewage in Sewage Treatment Plant of Navi Mumbai

91
International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827
employs a nominally constant rate of recycle from the
main reaction zone extreme from the inlet zone that is
pumped to a zone at the inlet end of the admixture
reactor.
2.2. Aeration Sequences
The air is still on but influent to the reactor basin is
stopped. Complete-mix reaction conditions prevail in
the main reaction zone during this operational
sequence. Aerate sequencing is used to increase the
aerobic sludge age for efficient pollutant removal.
2.3. Settle Sequences
The air is turned off and influent to the reactor basin
is stopped (if not stopped before in the aerate
sequence). During the first five minutes of this
sequence, the residual mixing energy within the
reaction basin is consumed. At this time gentle bio
flocculation initially takes place, a solids-liquid
interface forms under partial hindered settling
conditions. Rising sludge does not occur.
2.4. Effluent withdrawal by Decanting
This sequence is an extension of the settle sequence
and is also totally quiescent whereby a moving weir
lowering decanter is used to take the operating liquid
level in the basin to its designated bottom water level
reference position. In this way supernatant is
withdrawn from a subsurface position under laminar
flow conditions. This allows optimum removal over
the decant depth without entrainment of settled solids
or floating debris. Upon completion of the
supernatant liquid removal sequence, the moving
weir decanter returns to its out of liquid rest position.
Completion of the decant sequence terminates the
designated use of the basin as a stratified, interrupted
inflow reactor. Typically, fill sequencing begins
while the decanter is travelling to its upper rest
position.
During the period of a cycle, the liquid is filled in the
C Tech Basin up to a set operating water level.
Aeration Blowers are started for a pre-determined
time to aerate the effluent along with e biomass. After
the aeration cycle, the biomass settles under perfect
settling conditions. Once Settled the supernatant is
removed from the top using a DECANTER. Solids
are wasted from the tanks during the decanting phase.
These phases in a sequence constitute a cycle, which
is then repeated
Fig.1. C-Tech cycle Details.
Utilization of Advance C-TECH Technology for Reuse of Sewage in Sewage Treatment Plant of Navi Mumbai
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Volume-3, Issue-4, Aug.-2016
Fig.2. Existing Sewage Treatment Plant in Navi Mumbai.
III. CO CURRENT NITRIFICATION AND
DENITRIFICATION
In the C-Tech basin, excess oxygen is provided to
oxidize ammonical nitrogen into nitrates. This is an
aerobic process. The biological process is regulated in
such a way that the biofloc profile allows for
nitrification at the peripheral sections and
denitrification at the inner parts of the flocs.
Ammonical nitrogen (NH4-N) is converted into
nitrates (NO3-N) during the aeration process.
Aeration is then stopped to allow for settling of the
biomass. During this time, anoxic conditions set in
which allow for denitrifnication of the nitrates
(NO3N) into nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
gas. Also at the start of each cycle, part of the settled
biomass is recycled into the selector zone using the
RAS pumps, where in raw effluent is also fed. The
raw effluent acts as a substrate for the denitrification
bacteria and under the influence of, anoxic conditions
denitrification occurs. Elemental oxygen is released
during this phase. This process of co Nitrification and
Denitrifictaion result in complete removal of
Nitrogen from the effluent.
IV. BIO-PHOSPHOROUS REMOVAL
The key to Phosphorous removal is exposure of
microorganisms to alternating aerobic and anaerobic
conditions. The alternating condition stresses the
microorganism to uptake higher concentration of
dissolved phosphorous, from the effluent thereby
reducing the Phosphorous level in the effluent.
Phosphorous is used by the microorganism for cell
maintenance, synthesis, energy transport and is also
stored for future requirement.
V. ADVANTAGES OF C-TECH
1. Excellent Quality of Treated Effluent
The outlet characteristics obtained out of C-Tech as
compared to conventional treatment methods are
Table 1: Comparison of Outlet characteristics
International Journal of Advances in Mechanical and Civil Engineering, ISSN: 2394-2827
Parameter C-Tech Conventional
BOD <5 < 30
COD < 50 < 250
TSS <5 < 30
Nh4-N <2 No Treatment
P <1 No Treatment
2. C-Tech uses fifty percent less power to get 6 times
better outlet characteristics.
3. C-Tech uses fifty percent less land area compared
to other conventional technologies, saving high
purchase cost of land.
4. C-Tech is fully automatic, computer controlled. It
does not require constant operator attention. The plant
can be operated from anywhere in the world through
Internet.
5. C-Tech uses all underwater metal parts in Stainless
Steel. These results in much higher plant life and low
maintenance costs. It has inbuilt Equalization
Capacity to handle peak load.
6. Treated sewage or effluent can be used for
horticulture, green belt development; industrial
applications like cooling tower make up etc.
IV. FUTURE SCOPE
The Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation’s Sewage
Treatment Plants together have a capacity to treat
more than 280 million liters of water daily. Because
of advance C-Tech Technology introduced by Navi
Mumbai Municipal Corporation’s Sewage Treatment
Plants, treated Sewage water can be used for
alternative purposes instead of discharging it into sea.
The treated water would be provided mainly to the
industries and other areas where non-potable water is
in short supply. The treated water is ideal for
industrial, construction units and domestic use and
can be used for washing, cleaning, gardening and so
on. This will not only help to conserve and recycle
water and bring down pollution levels in city but also
help to generate revenue. Navi Mumbai Municipal
Corporation (NMMC) also hopes to connect the
treated water to housing societies, malls, and
commercial buildings in future for such purposes so
that more drinking water can be saved. The Navi
Mumbai Municipal Corporation would soon be the
first municipal body to put treated sewage on sale.
CONCLUSION
By introducing C-Tech Technology in Sewage
Treatment Plants, wastewater reuse can be practiced

Utilization of Advance C-TECH Technology for Reuse of Sewage in Sewage Treatment Plant of Navi Mumbai
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Volume-3, Issue-4, Aug.-2016
with proper attention to sanitation, public health and
environmental protection. All Municipalities should
recycle 100 per cent of treated sewage for non-
potable purposes such as toilet-flushing, air
conditioning, water-cooling, train and bus washing,
construction, gardening and cementeries.The water
requirement for these purposes is almost 60 to 70
percent of the total drinking water supplied. By
recycling treated sewage, municipalities can save 60
per cent of their drinking water requirements. This
will not only take care of immediate shortfall but also
enable the corporations to cater to a future population
growth in cities, town, and villages of up to 50 to 60
percent. Sewage is perennial water source and can be
effectively reused.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I would like to take this opportunity to express my
profound gratitude and deep regard to my guide
(Prof.R.V. Wanjule) and (Dr.H.H.Shinde), for their
exemplary guidance, valuable feedback, constant
encouragement and supported me at every bit and
without them it was impossible to accomplish the end
task.
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