HUMAN BODY

I Match the Ukrainian names of the parts of the body with their English counterparts:

1 Abdomen [‘æbdәmәn ] a) легені

2 Heart [ha:t ] b) шлунок
3 Lungs [ lʌŋz] c) печінка
4 Stomach [‘stʌmәk] d) живіт
5 Liver [‘li:vә] e) нирки
6 Gall bladder [ ‘gol ‘blædә] f) матка
7 Urinarybladder [‘juәrinәri‘blædә] g) грудна порожнина
8 Pancreas [‘pænkriәs ] h) черевна порожнина
9 Duodenum [djuә’dinәm ] i) кишки
10 Intestines [in’testinz ] j) підшлункова залоза
11 Kidneys[kidniz] k) сечовий міхур
12 Uterus [‘ju:tәrәs ] l) селезінка
13 Spleen [spli:n ] m) серце
14 Thoraciccavity [θο’ræsik‘kæviti ] n) жовчний міхур
15 Abdominalcavity [ әb’dοminәlkæviti] o) 12-ти пала кишка

II. Complete the sentences with the words below:

Kidneys heart pancreas spleen large intestine small intestine lung (2) liver gallbladder stomach

1) Your … is your largest internal organ.

2) When full, your … can hold around one liter of chewed up food
3) After a meal, your … contracts squeezing bile into your small intestine.
4) When you eat, your … releases digestive juices through a duct into your duodenum - the first part of
your small intestine.
5) Your left … is slightly smaller than your right …, to make space for your heart.
6) Your … is an incredibly powerful organ. It works constantly without ever pausing to rest.
7) Your … acts as a filter for your blood, cleansing it of bacteria, viruses and other debris
8) Your … play a vital role in keeping your blood composition constant. They filter your blood to
remove excess water and waste products,
9) Your … … is the final part of your digestive tract.
10) Your … … is around five meters long, making it the longest section of your digestive tract.

III. Read the text & answer the following questions:

1) How many cavities are there in the trunk? What are they?
2) What internal organs are there in the upper cavity?
3) What internal organs are there in the lower cavity?

The trunk is divided into large cavities by diaphragm. The upper cavity of the trunk is called thorax
(the chest) & the lower one is called the belly. In the middle of the thorax there is a long bone – the
breastbone by name. The ribs are connected with the breastbone by cartilages. The lungs & the heart
are located above the diaphragm in the upper cavity. In the lower cavity (abdominal cavity) we find
internal organs such as stomach, liver, urinary bladder, gallbladder, kidneys, spleen & intestines. There
are two nipples on the chest, & in women, the breast with the teats. There is the naval in the middle of
the abdomen. At the lowest part of the abdomen there are genitals.
IV. Match the conditions (1-8) with the organs affected (a-h), using your medical knowledge.

1 hepatitis a) bladder
2 pneumonia b) gall bladder
3 nephritis c) heart
4 gastric ulcer d) kidney
5 cystitis e) liver
6 angina pectoris f) lung
7 cholecystitis g) stomach
8 ulcerative colitis h) large intestine
V. Read & translate the following textbook extract:

EXAMINATION OF THE ABDOMEN

To examine the patient for enlarged abdominal organs, first feel for the liver& the gall bladder on the
right side. To do this, ask the patient to take a deep breath while pressing with the fingers upwards &
inwards. Next, feel for the right kidney& then cross over to the other side for the left kidney. Still on the
left side, palpate for an enlarged spleen. Finally, moving to the lower abdomen, feel for the bladder,
which is only felt if it is full.
Head
Inside the head is the brain, which is responsible for thinking. The top of a person's scalp is covered
with hair. Beneath the hairline at the front of the face is the forehead. Underneath the forehead are
the eyes for seeing, the nose for smelling, and the mouth for eating. On the outside of the mouth are
the lips, and on the inside of the mouth are the teeth for biting and the tongue for tasting. Food is
swallowed down the throat. At the sides of the face are the cheeks and at the sides of the head are
the ears for hearing. At the bottom of a person's face is the chin. The jaw is located on the inside of the
cheeks and chin. The neck is what attaches the head to the upper body.
Upper Body
At the top and front of the upper body, just below the neck is the collar bone. On the front side of the
upper body is the chest, which in women includes the breasts. Babies suck on the nipples of their
mother's breasts. Beneath the ribcage are the stomach and the waist. The navel, more commonly
referred to as the belly button, is located here as well. On the inside of the upper body are the heart for
pumping blood and the lungs for breathing. The rear side of the upper body is called the back, inside
which the spineconnects the upper body to the lower body.

Upper Limbs (arms)

The arms are attached to the shoulders. Beneath this area is called the armpit or underarm. The
upper arms have the muscles known as triceps and biceps. The joint halfway down the arm is called
the elbow. Between the elbow and the next joint, the wrist, is the forearm. Below the wrist is
the hand with four fingers and one thumb. Beside the thumb is the index finger. Beside the index
finger is the middle finger, followed by the ring finger and the little finger. At the ends of the fingers
are fingernails.

Lower Body

Below the waist, on left and right, are the hips. Between the hips are the reproductive organs,
the penis (male) or the vagina(female). At the back of the lower body are the buttocks for sitting on.
They are also commonly referred to as the rear end or the bum (especially with children). The internal
organs in the lower body include the intestines for digesting food, the bladder for holding liquid
waste, as well as the liver and the kidneys. This area also contains the woman's uterus, which holds a
baby when a woman is pregnant.

Lower Limbs (legs)

The top of the leg is called the thigh, and the joint in the middle of the leg is the knee. The front of the
lower leg is the shin and the back of the lower leg is the calf. The ankle connects the foot to the leg.
Each foot has five toes. The smallest toe is often called the little toe while the large one is called
the big toe. At the ends of the toes are toenails.