LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO MANUFACTURING
History of Modern Manufacturing
The history of manufacturing can be traced back
to the Industrial Revolution during the 19th century,
where raw materials were converted into finished goods.
The period marked the transition from human labor
technology into machinery and chemical manufacturing
processes, turning artisans into wage laborers.
Previously, outputs of handmade goods dominated the
market.
The invention and improvement of steam engines
and other technologies created an early modern
industrial era where companies adopted machines in the
manufacturing process.
Today, rapid technological changes are boosting
efficiency in the manufacturing sector. In particular,
product life cycles are becoming increasingly shorter
without compromising quality. Also, the flexibility and
responsiveness of technology help boost employee
productivity.
Manufacturing
 Is the process of converting raw materials into a
usable form of products or goods for human
needs. Manufacturing entails a large number of
interdependent activities consisting of distinct
entities such as materials, tools, machines, power
and human being.
 Manufacturing is integral to the economy.
Importance of Manufacturing
 Helps in modernizing agriculture
 Provides employment opportunities to millions of
people.
 Increases the country’s income by exporting
manufactured goods.
 Improve the country’s infrastructure.
Types of Manufacturing Production
1. Discrete Manufacturing
 Is a process that produces products in
individual, separate pieces. This type of
manufacturing is often used to create unique
shapes or sizes.
 A type of production process where the output
can be counted and tracked as per unit
numbers, and they are measured in terms of
weight or volume.
The discrete manufacturing process supports the
following workflow.
1. Make to stock (MTS): That means in this type of
workflow, you keep stock of products before customers
order.
2. Make to order (MTO): You do not keep more product
stock in your warehouse in this type of workflow. Instead,
you manufacture the product only when a customer order
comes in.
3. Make to assemble (MTA): This type of workflow lies
between Make to stock and Make to order. Here you
manufactured the components or parts before the
customer ordered.
2. Repetitive manufacturing
 Industries that produce the same items throughout
the year use a redundant manufacturing method.
 This method allows the industries to adjust the
production speed as per the customer demand
because its setup needs minimal changes to
adjust the speed.
3. Job shop manufacturing
 Industries that produce small batches of
customized products follow this manufacturing
method.
4. Process manufacturing
 This method produces products by adding
ingredients using formulas and different recipes..
5. Batch manufacturing
 This process includes both discrete manufacturing
and process manufacturing.