Wash and Iron Clothes, Linen and Fabric

COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL
Sector:
HEALTH, SOCIAL, AND OTHER COMMUNITY
DEVELOPMENT SERVICES SECTOR
Qualification:
CAREGIVING NC II
Unit of Competency:
WASH AND IRON CLOTHES, LINEN AND FABRICS
Module Title:
Washing and ironing clothes, linen and fabrics
PALAYAN CITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Palayan City
Date Developed: Document No.

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HOW TO USE THIS
COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MODULE
Welcome to the Module in Wash and iron clothes, linen and fabric .
This module contains training materials and activities for you to complete.
The unit of competency “WASH AND IRON CLOTHES, LINEN AND FABRICS”
contains knowledge skills and attitudes required for CAREGIVING NC II. It is one of
the specialized modules at National Certificate level II.
You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to
complete each outcome of the module. In each learning outcome are Information
Sheets, Job Sheets. Follow these activities on your own and answer the self-check,
perform the procedural checklist at the end of each learning outcome. You may
remove a blank answer sheet at the end of each module (or get one from your
facilitator/trainer) to write your answer for each self-check. If you have questions,
don’t hesitate to ask your facilitator for assistance.
Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL)
You may already have some of the most of the knowledge and skills covered in
this learner’s guide because you have:
 been working for some time
 Already completed training in this area
If you can demonstrate to your trainer that you are already competent in a
particular skill or skills, talk to him/her about having them formally recognized so
you don’t have to do the same training again. If you have a qualification or Certificate
of Competency from previous training, show it to your trainer. If the skill you
acquired is still current and relevant to the unit/s of competency they may become
part of the evidence you may present to RPL. If you are not sure about the currency
of your skills, discuss with your trainer.
At the end of this module is a Learner’s Diary. Use this diary to record
important date, jobs undertaken and other workplace events that will assist you in
providing further details to your trainer or assessor. A Record of Achievement is also
provided for your trainer to complete once you complete the module.
This module was prepared to help you achieve the required competency, in
WASH AND IRON CLOTHES, LINEN AND FABRICS . This will be the source of
information for you to acquire knowledge and skill into this particular trade

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independently and at your own pace, with minimum supervision or help from your
instructor.
 Talk to your trainer and agree on how you will both organize the Training
of this unit. Read through the module carefully. It is divided into
sections, which cover all the skills and knowledge you need to
successfully complete this module.
 Work through all the information and complete the activities in each
section. Read information sheets and job sheets and complete the self-
check and perform the procedural checklist. Suggested references are
included to supplement the materials in this module.
 Most probably your trainer will also be your supervisor or manager.
He/she is there to support you and show you the correct way to do
things.
 Your trainer will tell you about the important things you need to consider
when you are completing activities and it is important that you listen and
take notes.
 You will be given plenty of opportunity to ask questions and practice on
the job. Make sure you practice your new skills during regular work
shifts. This way you will improve both your speed and memory and also
your confidence.
 Talk to more experience workmates and ask for their guidance.
 Use the self-check questions at the end of each section to test your own
progress.
 When you are ready, ask your trainer to watch you perform the activities
outline in this module.
 As you work through the activities, ask for written feedback on your
progress. Your trainer keeps feedback/pre assessment reports for this
reason. When you have successfully completed each element, ask your
trainer to mark on the reports that you are ready for assessment.
 When you have completed this module (or several modules), and feel
confident that you have had sufficient practice, your trainer will arrange
an appointment with registered assessor to assess you. The result of
your assessment will be recorded in your Competency Achievement
Record.

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LIST OF CORE COMPETENCIES
No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

1. Provide care Providing care HCS323301
and support to and support to
infants infants
/toddlers /toddlers
2. Provide care Providing care
HCS323302
children children
3. Foster social, Fostering social, HCS323303
intellectual, intellectual,
creative and creative and
emotional emotional
development of development of
children children
4. Foster physical Fostering physical HCS323304
development of development of
children children
5. Provide care Providing care HCS323305
elderly elderly
6. Provide care Providing care
HCS323306
people with people with
special needs special needs
7. Maintain a Maintaining a
healthy and healthy and
HCS323307
safe safe
environment environment
8. Respond to Responding to HCS323308
emergency emergency
9. Clean living Cleaning living HCS323309
room, dining room, dining
room, room,
bedroom, toilet bedroom, toilet
and bathroom and bathroom
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10. Wash and iron Washing and ironing HCS323310
clothes, linens clothes, linens
and fabrics and fabrics
11. Prepare hot Preparing hot HCS323311
and cold and cold
meals meals
MODULE CONTENT
UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Wash and iron clothes, linens and fabrics
MODULE TITLE : Washing and Ironing clothes, linens and

fabrics.
MODULE DESCRIPTOR:
This unit covers the knowledge, skills and attitudes
required to perform home management by providing clean,
safe environment
NOMINAL DURATION : 30 hours hours

QUALIFICATION LEVEL : NC II
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of this module, the trainee/ student must be able to:
LO 1. Explain the principles and procedures in washing and ironing clothes
LO 2. Explain the procedures in operating tools and equipment
LO 3. Perform laundry
LO 4. Iron clothes, linens and fabrics
LO 5 Perform after care activities of materials and equipment

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ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
1. Soiled clothes, linen and fabrics are sorted according to texture, color, size and
defects.
2. Sorted items are prioritized according to the cleaning process required ad the urgency of the
item.
3. Defective clothing, linen and fabric are sewn/darned using appropriate threads and stitches
4. Laundry area is cleaned and made ready at all times.
5. Laundry supplies and materials are prepared and made available at all times.
6. Washing machine is checked and prepared for operation per manual procedures.
7. Personal protective paraphernalia are worn in accordance with standard operating
procedures (SOPs).
8. Stain removing agents and chemicals are used in accordance with manufacturer’s
instruction.
9. Stains are treated and removed using correct chemicals or agents.
10. All stain removing agents and chemicals are stored following safety procedures.
11. . Correct laundry method is selected as per SOPs.
12. Clothes, linen and fabric are washed according to the labeling codes and washing
instructions.
13. Laundry equipment is used in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction.
14. Clothing, linen and fabric are freed from stain, dirt and unpleasant odor after washing based
on procedures.
15. . Washed clothes, linen and fabric are sun-dried/machine dried as per instructions.
16. Dried clothes, linen and fabric are freed from unpleasant odor and static cling.
17. All stain removing agents and chemicals are stored following safety procedures.
18. Correct laundry method is selected as per SOPs.
19. . Clothes, linen and fabric are washed according to the labeling codes and washing
instructions.
20. Laundry equipment is used in accordance with manufacturer’s instruction.
21. . Clothing, linen and fabric are freed from stain, dirt and unpleasant odor after washing
based on procedures.
22. . Washed clothes, linen and fabric are sun-dried/machine dried as per instructions.
23. . Dried clothes, linen and fabric are freed from unpleasant odor and static cling.
LEARNING OUTCOME # 1 Explain the principles and procedures in washing and
ironing clothes
CONTENTS:
 Types of fibers and fabrics
 Laundry terms and standard laundering methods

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 Types and usage of washing equipment: washing machine and dryers
 Types and usage of laundry chemicals and cleaning agents
 Classifications and usage of stain removing agents
 Types of fabric softener
 Reading textile label codes
 Procedures in sorting laundry items
ASSESSMENT CRITERIA:
 Items are correctly sorted according to the cleaning process required and the
urgency of the item
 Laundry methods are correctly selected in accordance with textile labelling
codes and based on:
a) type of fabric and fiber
b) dye fastness
c) amount of soilage
d) washing instructions
 Laundry equipment is properly operated in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions
CONDITION:
Student/ trainee must be provided with the following:
1. WORKPLACE LOCATION
2. EQUIPMENTS
 washing machine
 drying machine
 dry-cleaning machine
 flat iron
 steam pressers
 ironing board
 sorting shelves
3. TOOLS
 fiber/ fabric samples
 different linens and laundry items
 labeller
 hangers
 laundry baskets
 wash basin
 bucket
 water hose
4. MATERIALS/SUPPLIES
 Operating manuals
brochures
 pen and paper
 bleaching agent
 stain removing agent
 fabric softeners
 sanitizing agent
 All purpose cleaning
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agent
 detergents (liquid,
powder)
 report forms
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Observation
 Interview
 Written examination
 Demonstration of practical skills

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LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Learning Outcome 1: Explain the principles and procedures in washing and ironing clothes
Learning Activities Special Instructions
If you have some problem on the
 Read information sheets 10.1-1
content of the information sheet, don’t
Kinds of Laundry Equipment
hesitate to approach your trainer.
If you feel that you are now
knowledgeable on the content of the
information sheet, you can now answer
self check provided in the module.
Compare your answer to the answer
 Answer self check 10.1-1
key
 Read the information sheet 10.1-2
Laundry Supplies/Chemicals
Compare your answer with the answer
key
Classification and usage of stain
removing agents If you feel that you are now
Compare your answer with the answer
 Answer oral questioning 10.1-3
key
Types of Fabric Softeners
Knowledgeable on the content of the
 Answer oral questioning 10.1-4
key
 Read the information sheets 10.1-
5
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Types of fibers and fabrics If you feel that you are now
 Answer Oral questioning 10.1-5
key
Reading textile label codes
 Answer Self Check 10.1-6
key
Procedure in sorting laundry
Compare answer using answer key
Evaluate your own work using the

 Perform Job sheet 10.1-7
performance criteria
Keep a copy of your work for the next

activities
Laundering method (Washing
Machine)
Compare answer using answer key
 Answer Self check 10.1-8


activities

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Information Sheet 10.1-1
Kinds of Laundry Equipment
Learning Objectives: After reading this INFORMATION SHEET the trainees should
be able to:
1. Identify laundry equipment and their usage
2. Identify the parts of the washing machine
Different Laundry Equipment

1. Washing Machine – is an electronic machine that can be used for washing and
drying clothes.
Parts:
1. Wash timer 7. Valve selector
2. Wash inlet 8. Spin timer
9.Door spin outer
3. Wash cover or Top Cover 10.Door spin inner
11. Overflow filter

4. Tub Or Drum
12. Spin basket
5. Strainer
13. Side Cover Tub
6. Pulsator
17. Drain hose
15. Leg 14. Power cord
16. Cover safety
Parts and Function
1. Wash timer – timer for time to wash fabric

2. Wash inlet – use to fill water into the machine
3. Wash cover or Top Cover – use to cover the tub.
4. Tub Or Drum – It served as a washing tub.
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5. strainer – where water will be drain after washing
6. Pulsator- – is a rotating part inside the tub. Responsible in making the water
spin.
7. valve selector- to select whether wash or drain
8. spin timer
9. Door spin outer – the outer cover of the spinner
10. Door spin inner – opening of the spinner
11. Overflow filter -
12. Spin basket – where you put the clothes to be spin.
13. Side Cover Tub – It is the main housing of the unit.
14. power cord – electrical cord of the machine
15. leg – use to support the machine
16. Cover safety – cover of the spinner so that clothes will not come out when
spinning
17. Drain hose– It served as a passage of water way out.
2. Dry Cleaning Machine- for dry cleaning clothes and fabrics
3. Washer extractor – design for washing and extracting clothes, linen and fabrics
4. Flat Work Ironer- for ironing flat sheets, linen, pillow cases and other flat linens
5. Types of ironing table- for easy ironing clothes, linen and fabrics

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6. Flat iron and fabric sprayer

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7. Steam Presser – for pressing delicate fabrics like wool, silk, etc.
8. Laundry Cart – Used for the delivery of guest laundry

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Self Check 10.1-1
I. Identify the parts of the washing machine
II. Identify the following:

1. It is an electronic machine that can be used for washing and drying clothes.
2. It use for the delivery of guest laundry
3. This machine is for pressing delicate fabrics like wool, silk, etc
4. This is for ironing flat sheets, linen, pillow cases and other flat linens
5. It is design for washing and extracting clothes, linen and fabrics

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Answer Key 10.1-1
1. wash timer
2. Wash inlet
3. wash cover
4. tub
5. strainer
6. Pulsator
7. valve selector
8. spin timer
9. Door spin outer
10. Door spin inner
11. Overflow filter
12. spin basket
13. Base
14. power cord
15. leg
16. Cover safety
17. drain hose
II. Identification
1. Washing machine
2. Laundry cart
3. Steam presser
4. Flat work ironer
5. Washer extractor

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LAUNDRY SUPPLIES/CHEMICALS
Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet the trainees should be able
to:
1. Identify cleaning chemicals and their uses.
LUANDRY SUPPLIES includes laundry compounds, detergents with bacterial

properties, a bleaching agent – either bleaches, a bleach-based agent, or hydrogen
peroxide, water softening chemicals, and fabric softener. Special disinfectants also
may be required for laundry and chute areas.
When it comes to fabric softeners, less is usually the best. This is particularly true for
towels. Guest comment cards indicate guests prefer some roughness on towels
because they dry better. Towels are also easier to rinse without excess softeners.
Water quality and the type of equipment often affect the selection o laundry
chemicals.
The chemical makeup of laundry agents may also help determine which product or
products to buy. For example,
1. Antichlor removes chlorine, at least excessive chlorine from fabrics. A

substance used in removing the remaining traces of free chlorine or
hypochlorite not removed from a paper pulp by washing. Typical antichlors
include sodium bisulfite (NaHSO 3 ) and sodium thiosulfite (Na 2 S 2 O The
antichlor is usually added to the pulp stock near the end of the bleaching
stage, and is allowed to react until no blue coloration is obtained with a
potassium-starch indicator. This removes the last traces of hypochlorous acid,
hypochlorite ion, and free chlorine. The reaction products are then washed out.
Antichlors are seldom used in multistage bleaching operations, as they are
considered to be wasteful of bleaching agents
2. Alkali, an abrasive can pump up the detergent’s cleaning power and is

especially useful for removing grease or oil stains. However, since alkali is
harsh, it has to be neutralized by an acid.

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3. Sours are mild acids that can neutralize the alkalinity of detergents and
bleach. This can reduce the yellowing and fading that can result from alkali
residue. Some sours boost this effect by integrating bluer or whiteners in the
product.
4. Detergents that contain optical brighteners, chemicals that retain the original
color, even after many washing.
5. Mildewcides maybe required preventing mildew buildup.
6. Fabric Softener (also called fabric conditioner) is used to prevent static cling
and make fabric softer. It is available as a liquid or as dryer sheets. Popular
brand names include Downy (Lenor), Snuggle, Bounce, Comfort and Sta-Soft.

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7. Bleaches- A bleach is a chemical that removes colors or whitens, often via
oxidation. Common chemical bleaches include household chlorine bleach, a
solution of approximately 3–6% sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), and oxygen
bleach, which contains hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide-releasing compound
such as sodium perborate, sodium percarbonate, sodium persulfate,
tetrasodium pyrophosphate, or urea peroxide together with catalysts and
activators, e.g. tetraacetylethylenediamine and/or sodium
nonanoyloxybenzenesulfonate. To bleach something is to apply bleach,
sometimes as a preliminary step in the process of dyeing. Bleaching powder is
calcium hypochlorite.
Many bleaches have strong bactericidal properties, and are used for disinfecting
and sterilizing. Most bleaches are hazardous if ingested or inhaled, and should be
used with care.
Bleaches
 Hydrogen peroxide
 Powdered all-fabric bleaches (sodium perborate)(Biz, Borateem, Clorox 2;
Purex, Snowy)
 Liquid all-fabric bleaches (Snowy, Vivid)
 Liquid chlorine bleach (sodium hypochlorite)(Clorox, Hi-lex,Purex)
 Liquid chlorine bleaches have a limited shelf-life. If your bleach is more than
six months old and has no effect on stains, it may need to be replaced with
fresh bleach.
 To test for colorfastness to liquid chlorine bleaches, mix I tablespoon of bleach
with 1/4 cup of water. Use an eyedropper to put a drop of this solution on a
hidden seam or pocket edge inside the garment. Let it stand two minutes, then
blot dry. If there is no color change it is safe to use the product. Powdered
bleach packages have directions for doing colorfastness tests.
Dry cleaning operations require the proper fluids or dry cleaning solvents. The type of
machine determines what chemicals will be needed.

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Self Check 10.1-2
1. Identify the following laundry supplies:
1. Chemical that removes colors and stains or whitens clothes.

2. It used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer.
3. Are mild acids that can neutralize the alkalinity of detergents and bleach
4. Chemicals that retain the original color, even after many washing.
5. Removes chlorine, at least excessive chlorine from fabrics
II. Explain why safety is very necessary in using bleaches.

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Answers key 10.1-2
I.
1. Bleaches
2. Fabric softeners
3. Sours
4. Detergent with optical brighteners
5. Antichlor
II. Explain why safety is very necessary in using bleaches.
Because most bleaches are hazardous if ingested or inhaled, and should be used
with care.

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Classifications and Usage of Stain Removing Agents
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able to;
1. Classify stain removing agents
2. Identify the proper use of stain removing agents.
3. Follow safety precaution in using stain removing agents
INTRODUCTION:
STAIN - this can be easily removed if they are still fresh. Sometimes using hot water
and soap only makes the stain permanent, thus making it harder to remove. Stains
are easily removed from the wrong side of the garments.
Remove stain as soon as possible. If the garment has been stained, do not use stain
chemical remover because it might damage the garment. Never squeeze the part with
stain. Sometimes, laundering, ironing and airing of the clothes affect different kinds
of stains and how to remove them will lessen experimentation in using stain remover.
KINDS OF STAIN REMOVER
1. Absorbent (talcum powder, chalk, cornstarch) example oil stains
2. Solvent (water, gasoline, chloroform, fenzly, alcohol) ex. Paint stains
3. Bleaches (chlorox) fruit stains

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4. Carbon tetra chloride (liquid detergent that is not flammable) ex. Lipstick stain
Follow These Safety Precautions
While many stain removal, chemicals and bleaches are commonly used around the
home, they are still dangerous. Some are flammable; others are toxic. Here are some
rules to keep in mind regarding their use:
 Store stains removal materials out of the reach of children. Do not store with
food products.
 Read all label directions and warnings. Store chemicals in their original
containers so label directions are available in case of an accident.
 Use all chemicals and commercial stain removal product according to label
recommendations.
 Avoid getting the chemicals on your skin. Some are easily absorbed.
 Use dry cleaning solvents and other chemicals in a well-ventilated room. Toxic
fumes can cause illness.
 Do not use solvents near an open flame or electrical outlet.
 Seal containers so that fumes can't escape.
 Never mix stains removal materials together (bleach and ammonia together
form toxic fumes).

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Self-check 10.1-3
Direction:
Answer the following questions:
1. What are the different kinds of stain remover?
2. Will you give some safety precautions in dealing with stain
remover?
3. will you give an example of bleaches that you know
4. Is water can remove stains? How?

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Answer Key 10.1-3
1. What are the different kinds of stain remover?

1. Absorbent (talcum powder, chalk, cornstarch)
2. Solvent (water, gasoline, chloroform, fenzly, alcohol)
3. Bleaches (chlorox)
4. Carbon tetra chloride (liquid detergent that is not flammable)
2. Will you give some safety precautions in dealing with stain remover?
 Store stains removal materials out of the reach of children. Do not store with
food products.
recommendations.
 Use dry cleaning solvents and other chemicals in a well-ventilated room. Toxic
 Never mix stains removal materials together (bleach and ammonia together
form toxic fumes).
3. Will you give an example of bleaches that you know?
- Chlorox
4. Is water can remove stains? How?

- Yes, by soaking the affected area of the fabrics

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Types of Fabric Softener
Learning objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET. You must be able to;
1. Identify the types of fabric softener and their uses
INTRODUCTION:
The softening agents in softeners reduce or eliminate static cling. Fabric softener can
also allow clothes to feel much softer than and not quite as stiff as with laundry soap
alone. Using fabric softener also cuts down on drying time.
Most modern washing machines have a dispenser which can add liquid fabric
softener to the load of laundry automatically on the final rinse; in launderettes one
may need to add it manually. Some brands of washing powder have fabric
conditioning built-in which is claimed to save money when compared to buying
ordinary washing powder and fabric softener separately. Some fabric softeners are
also claimed to make ironing easier or to make clothes dry faster. For best results,
un-diluted liquid fabric softener should not be poured directly onto clothes.
Fabric softeners may also come in the form of dryer sheets, which are added to
clothing in the tumble dryer to soften the fabrics and prevent static. Many alternative
uses of dryer sheets have been suggested by users.[1]
Fabric softeners work by coating the surface of the cloth fibers with a thin layer of
chemicals; these chemicals have lubricant properties and are electrically conductive,
thus making the fibers feel smoother and preventing buildup of static electricity.
Other functions are improvements of iron glide during ironing, increased resistance
to stains, and reduction of wrinkling.
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Cationic softeners bind by electrostatic attraction to the negatively charged groups on
the surface of the fibers and neutralizing their charge; the long aliphatic chains are
then oriented towards the outside of the fiber, imparting lubricity. Vinegar works on
some materials in a similar way, as the hydrogen ions bind to the anionic groups on
the fibers.
The disadvantage of coating fibers by hydrophobic layer is in decreasing the water

absorption properties of the fabric, which may be an undesirable in towels and
diapers. Therefore the cationic softeners are often combined with other chemicals
with lower affinity to the fibers. The use of fabric softener is contraindicated in some
articles, such as microfibre textiles.
Most good quality all-cotton towels do not need to be treated with fabric softener and
with repeated washings and dryings, they become softer naturally. Over time, towels
that have softened with fabric softener are less absorbant.
10 Uses for Fabric Softener

1. End clinging dust on your TV
Are you frustrated to see dust fly back onto your television screen, or other plastic
surfaces, right after cleaning them? To eliminate the static cling that attracts dust,
simply dampen your dust cloth with fabric softener straight from the bottle and dust
as usual.
2. Remove old wallpaper
Removing old wallpaper is a snap with fabric softener. Just stir 1 capful liquid
softener into 1 quart (1 liter) water and sponge the solution onto the wallpaper. Let it
soak in for 20 minutes, then scrape the paper from the wall. If the wallpaper has a
water-resistant coating, score it with a wire-bristle brush before treating with the
fabric softener solution.
3. Abolish carpet shock
To eliminate static shock when you walk across your carpet, spray the carpet with a
fabric softener solution. Dilute 1 cup softener with 2 1/2 quarts (2.5 liters) water; fill
a spray bottle and lightly spritz the carpet. Take care not to saturate it and damage
the carpet backing. Spray in the evening and let the carpet dry overnight before
walking on it. The effect should last for several weeks.
4. Remove hair-spray residue

Dried-on overspray from hair spray can be tough to remove from walls and vanities,
but even a buildup of residue is no match for a solution of 1 part liquid fabric
softener to 2 parts water. Stir to blend, pour into a spray bottle, spritz the surface,
and polish it with a dry cloth.
5. Clean now, not later
Clean glass tables, shower doors, and other hard surfaces, and repel dust with liquid
fabric softener. Mix 1 part softener into 4 parts water and store in a squirt bottle,
such as an empty dishwashing liquid bottle. Apply a little solution to a clean cloth,
wipe the surface, and then polish with a dry cloth.
6. Float away baked-on grime
Forget scrubbing. Instead, soak burned-on foods from casseroles with liquid fabric
softener. Fill the casserole with water; add a squirt of liquid fabric softener, and soak
for an hour, or until residue wipes easily away.
7. Keep paintbrushes pliable

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After using a paintbrush, clean the bristles thoroughly and rinse them in a coffee can
full of water with a drop of liquid fabric softener mixed in. After rinsing, wipe the
bristles dry and store the brush as usual.
8. Untangle and condition hair
Liquid fabric softener diluted in water and applied after shampooing can untangle
and condition fine, flyaway hair, as well as curly, coarse hair. Experiment with the
amount of conditioner to match it to the texture of your hair, using a weaker solution
for fine hair and a stronger solution for coarse, curly hair. Comb through your hair
and rinse.
9. Remove hard-water stains
Hard-water stains on windows can be difficult to remove. To speed up the process,
dab full-strength liquid fabric softener onto the stains and let it soak for 10 minutes.
Then wipe the softener and stain off the glass with a damp cloth and rinse.
10. Make your own fabric softener sheets
Fabric softener sheets are convenient to use, but they're no bargain when compared
to the price of liquid softeners. You can make your own dryer sheets and save money.
Just moisten an old wash-cloth with 1 teaspoon liquid softener and toss it into the
dryer with your next load.
How to use Fabric softeners
1. Buy a plastic spray bottle and measure its capacity by filling it with water and
pouring it into a measuring cup.
2. Divide the number of ounces by four. If your spray bottle holds sixteen
ounces, measure out four ounces and pour into the spray bottle. With a magic
marker, draw a line where the water comes up on the spray bottle. This becomes
your fill line for the liquid fabric softener. Dump out the water.
3. Fill the spray bottle with the liquid fabric softener up to the fill line. Add water
and fill the spray bottle to the top. Shake thoroughly. The mixture is one fourth
liquid fabric softener to three fourths water.
4. Use a dedicated washcloth and squirt the washcloth with the liquid fabric
softener and water mixture. Spray the washcloth until it is damp. Toss the
washcloth into the dryer with the wet clothes and your laundry will come out
smelling fresh and feeling soft.

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Self-check 10.1-4
Direction:
The candidate should answer the following questions:
1. What is the use of fabric softener?
2. Will you give some uses of fabric softener?
3. What other benefits you know in using fabric softeners?

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Answer Key 10.1-4
1. What is the use of fabric softener?
It softens or eliminates static cling, improves iron glide during ironing, increased
resistance to stains, and reduction of wrinkling.
2. Will you give some uses of fabric softener?

1. End clinging dust on your TV
2. Remove old wallpaper
3. Abolish carpet shock
4. Remove hair-spray residue
5. Clean now, not later
6. Float away baked-on grime
7. Keep paintbrushes pliable
8. Untangle and condition hair
9. Remove hard-water stains
3. What other benefits you know in using fabric softeners?
- It lessen time in ironing

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Information Sheet 10.1- 5
Types of Fibers and Fabrics
Learning objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able
to;
1. Identify types of fibers and fabrics.
TYPES OF FIBERS AND FABRICS
Antique Satin - a satin with horizontal (weft) slubs which imitates spun shantung
silk. It is 60% rayon (the face yarn fiber) and the 40% of acetate (the back yarn fiber).
Often the warp and weft yarns are dyed with different colors to give an iridescent
effect.
Batik - is a dyeing method where the cloth is covered with wax designs. It is dipped
into vegetable dye that dyes the uncovered cloth without melting the wax. The wax is
removed with hot water after the design is finished.
Brocade - a multi-use formal, Jacquard woven fabric with intricate raised woven
designs resembling embroidery. It is often made with variety of thread colors
depicting complex patterns and scenes with a shiny finish. Background weave is
often satin. To the back of the fabric, the threads are not tied-down and are carried
as "floaters".
Brocatelle - a specific type of medium weight brocade utilizing four or more sets of
threads, equally for warp and weft. It has large patterns in high relief to appear
embroidered or puffy. It is woven finely for formal, refined and sophisticated wear.
Calico - similar to broadcloth, made of cotton or cotton/polyester and usually
printed in small "country" all-over with multi-colored floral patterns.
Canvas - medium to heavy weight cotton fabric woven closely in plain or twill with
relatively large threads. Available in variety of colors, stripes and few printed designs.
It is also referred as "duck" or "sailcloth". It has many uses.
Casement - a fabric for drapery either loose or tight, open or closed, plain or novelty
weave. Given color, pattern and interesting texture through tyed complex-yarn
arrangements and variations in weave. Usually it is semi-sheer, translucent or
opaque.
Cashmere - a soft fabric made of the wool grown beneath the outer hair of the
Cashmere goat in Tibet and the Kashmir province in India. It is popular because of
its softness.
Chambray - made of cotton or linen, a lightweight fabric in plain, balanced weave
using white threads across a colored wrap. Pronounced "sham-bray".
Chevron - a regular and repeated zigzag pattern formed by reversing the twill weave.
It is also known as herringbone.
Crepe - a light soft thin fabric with a crinkled surface. It is made from silk, cotton,
wool, or another fiber either in plain or satin weave.
Damask - a formal satin base Jacquard fabric of linen, cotton, silk, or wool with
reversible patterns. It is medium weight with variety in colors and patterns. Used in
decorative fabric situation.
Denim - a coarse twilled cloth, usually of cotton or cotton/polyester which is

practical and sturdy. Navy colored is used as jeans fabric and cream or white is used
as Drill.
Embroidery - a surface ornamentation made with a thread or set of threads sewn
onto a fabric.
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Finish - a substance or the mixture of substances added to textile materials to
impart the desired properties.
Flannel - a fabric woven and then brushed to achieve a soft nap. It is made of wool or
a blend of wool and cotton or synthetics.
Flock - a material obtained by cutting or grinding textile fibers to fragments. There
are two types of flock, precision cut flock, all fiber lengths are approximately equal
and random cut flock, the fibers are ground or chopped to produce a broad range of
lengths.
Flocking - a method of ornamenting cloth with adhesive printed or coated on a
fabric. Finely chopped fibers are applied by dusting, air-blasting or electrostatic
attraction. The fibers adhere to the printed areas and it is removed manually from
the unprinted areas.
Herringbone - a regular zigzag pattern fabric with a novelty or complex twill weave. It
is woven or printed on light-weight to heavy-weight fabrics.
Houndstooth - a medium to heavy weight woven twill fabric designed with
continuous broken checks or four-pointed stars resembling projecting "tooth-like"
corners.
Jacquard - a weaving system which utilizes a versatile pattern mechanism to permit
the production of large and intricate patterns.
Lisserie - a fine Jacquard woven stripe which imitates silk and embroidery. The
different figures and colors in the pattern comes from the warp.
Matelasse' - a heavy-weight upholstery textile in Jacquard weave with double sets of
warps and wefts. The surface appears to be puffy or cushioned and is also known as
double cloth.
Mohair - a fabric obtained from yarn made from the silky hair of the Angora goat.
Nylon - a man-made fiber where the forming substance is a synthetic polyamide. It

exhibit excellent strength, flexibility, elasticity and abrasion resistance.
Ottoman - a heavy silk or rayon fabric with broad, round weft threads that produce
a horizontal rib. Used for coats and trimmings.
Peau de Soie - a soft and fine silk fabric of satin weave having ribbed or grained
appearance. It is a French term which literally means "skin of silk".
Pile fabric - a fabric with an extra warp or weft set, woven to produce a deep surface
texture like velvet, terry cloth, frieze or corduroy.
Pilling - fibers tendency to work loose from the fabric surface and form a balled or
matted particles attached to the surface of the fabric.
Plaid - a cloth having a crisscross design. The stripes in warp and weft directions
cross at intervals to form different colors in square or rectangular patterns. It may be
plain or twill weave.
Plisse' - a blistered or puckered finish given to a sheer, thin or light-weight fabric
with a caustic soda.
Polyester - a man-made fiber where the forming substance is any synthetic polymer.
It has high strength and are resistant to shrinking and stretching. It is also wrinkle
resistant.
Rayon - a man-made fiber basically composed of regenerated cellulose.
Rep, Repp - rib woven fabric (horizontal or vertical ribs) between poplin and ottoman
in rib size and weight. It is durable and medium to heavy-weight, Woven from cotton,
wool, or silk.
Satin - a basic type of weave with up to eight weft threads are tied down with one
floating weft thread. It is light to medium-weight with glossy face and a dull back.
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Scrim - a durable, open weave sheer cotton fabric used for curtains or upholstery
lining or in industry.
Shantung dupioni - originally a spun silk fabric with slubs and forms interesting
textures. Today, shantung may be of natural or synthetic fibers. Fabrics imitating
shantung are antique satin and antique taffeta.
Suede cloth - a light or medium-weight synthetic knit or woven textile with brushed
nap imitating suede leather.
Tapestry - a Jacquard woven with multiple warps and wefts creating various color
patterns or scenes. Used as wall hangings for decoration or somtimes to cover
furniture.
Toile - a sheer fabric similar to muslin or percale in plain or twill weave obtained
from cotton or linen.
Tufted fabric - a pile fabric formed by tufting a yarn into a woven background.
Example, some upholstery fabrics and all tufted carpets.
Tweed - a coarse, rugged, and often nubby woolen fabric in plain balanced or
variation (originally twill) weave. Used as casual suits and coats.
Velour - a closely napped fabric with a soft, velvet-like texture, used for clothing and
upholstery. It includes some velvet, and all plush-pile surface cloths.
Velvet - a pile woven cotton, silk, and/or rayon fabric with a soft yet sturdy face.
Very much like plush but with a shorter pile. The underside is plain.
Vinyl - extruded polyvinyl chloride synthetic fabric flowed onto a knitted, woven, or
non-woven base cloth imitating leather. It is medium to heavy-weight upholstery
fabric.
Voile - a light, plain-weave, sheer transparent fabric with tightly twisted yarns often
having a stiff finish. Available in novelty effects like pique stripes, printed patterns
and stripes. It is obtained from cotton, rayon, silk, or wool and used especially for
making dresses and curtains.
GUIDES TO FIBERS AND FABRICS
Use this chart as a general guide to choose the right cleaning method for your
garments. Care varies based on colorfastness, weight trimmings, lining, special
finishes, and fabric construction and always read and follow the manufacturer’s care
label recommendations first.

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FIBERS AND FABRICS RIGHT CLEANING METHOD
1. Acetate synthetic Dry clean.
fiber
2. Acrylic Synthetic Machine wash knits in warm water gentle setting. Roll
Fiber in towel to absorb extra moisture, and dry flat, or dry
at low setting in a dryer. Dry clean woven acrylic
fabrics.
3. Blends fabrics or Follow care guidelines for more delicate or most
combined fiber prominent fiber in the blend.
cotton/polyester,
cotton/linen,
silk/polyester.
4. Canvass, heavy firm, Machine wash in cold water and tumble dry on low
tightly woven fabrics, setting. Dry clean if not colorfast.
originally cotton or linen
now also made of
synthetics or blends
5. Cashmere undercoat treats as wool and follows the care label
or hair of Cashmere goat.
6. Sweaters Hand wash with care but it is best to dry clean both
knits and woven.
7. Chiffon thin, Hand wash as for silk.

transparent fabric,
usually silk, but can be
of synthetic fibers –
8. Corduroy Rigged-pile Turn inside out and use warm water dry normal
fabric that may be cotton, setting remove from dryer while slightly damp, smooth
cotton polyester, or rayon pockets and seams with hands. Hang until dry.
9. Cotton Natural Woven and knitted into fabrics of many weight and
Vegetable Fiber texture. Hand wash warm water – use cold water for
bright color that may bleed. Dry at low setting. Remove
from dryer while damp. Iron damp with hot iron.
10. Damask Jacquard- May be cotton, linen, silk, viscose weight fabrics, see
weave fabric, individual fiber listing – dry clean silk wool and all
heavier weight fabrics. Denim strong, heavy twill-weave
fabric, usually cotton, but can be a cotton/synthetic
blend- prone to shrinkage unless purchased pre-
shrunk. Machine-wash in warm water. Traditional blue
and other deep colors bleed the first several washings,
so wash separately, as necessary dry all low setting to
avoid shrinkage. Iron while damp with a hot iron as
needed.
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11. Denim A coarse twilled cloth, usually of cotton or
cotton/polyester which is practical and sturdy. Navy
colored is used as jeans fabric and cream or white is
used as Drill.
12. Flannel Napped fabric In plain or twill weave. Cotton and synthetic may be
machine-wash dry at low setting and remove while
damp line dry. Wool should be dry clean.
13. Gabardine Firm, Closely woven twill fabric, originally and often worsted
wool, also made of cotton and synthetic, fibers. Follow
label directions or dry clean.
14. Lace Open work textile, may be cotton linen or synthetic.
Hand washed using a soap or detergent for delicate
fabrics. Avoid rubbing squeeze out excess moisture, do
not twist or wring. Shape by hand and hang to air dry
or dry flat, do not tumble dry. Pin delicate lace to a
cloth before washing.
15. Line natural flax fiber Hand wash or machine wash in warm water
light to heavy weight
fabric.
16. For heavy linens use a hot iron, for lighten weight linen blends and
linens treated for crease resistance use a lower
temperature, can also dry clean
17. Nylon synthetic fiber, Used in fabrics of different weight, sometimes blended
with other fibers when used alone it is both dry-
cleanable and machine wash, use warm water. Tumble
dry on low setting but can hang on plastic hanger and
drip or air dry. To avoid permanent yellowing, keep
away from sunlight for direct heat.
18. Organdy Sheer, Hand wash starch so maintain characteristics crisp
lightweight, plain weave appearance from damp with hot iron. Can also dry-
cotton. clean.
19. Polyester strong Does not shrink or stretch. Wash in warm water.
synthetic fiber in fabrics Tumble dry and remove promptly to prevent wrinkles
of various weight and from at a low setting. If garment is pleated hand-
texture, or often blended washed and dip dry. If blended follow guidelines for
with cotton and wool. delicate fiber.
20. Ramie natural fiber Machine wash in warm water, tumble dry from damp
from ramie plant (similar with hot iron. Can also dry-clean. Avoid excessive
to linen). Used alone or twisting
blended often with
cotton.
21. Rayon a generic term for a manmade fiber including viscose
and compramonium rayon. Some garment labels
identify the fabric as “rayon” some as “viscose”. Follow
label care instructions. Dry-clean for best results.
22. Satin fabric with a Dry-clean silk and acetate. Wash cotton, nylon, and
lustrous finish, polyester satins following fiber guidelines.
traditionally silk, now
also acetate cotton, nylon
and polyester.
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23. Seersucker fabric With puckered stripes woven in during the
manufacturing process. Usually cotton, but also nylon,
polyester and silk version. See fiber for washing. Drip
or tumble dry. Iron or low heat, if needed.
24. Silk natural fiber If recommended, hand-washed plain weave crepe de
from silkworm chine, thin, lightweight, and medium-weight kinds in
lukewarm water with mild soap or detergent or in cold
water with special cold-water with special cold
detergent. Do not use chlorine bleach. Rinse several
times in cold water until no trace of suds remains
towel blot. Dry flat iron on wrong side at warm (silk)
setting if so labelled some silks can be machine-
washed. Follow label directions correctly. Dry-clean
heavier (suiting weight) silks pleated silks, and those in
dark colors, which may bleed
25. Spandex Generic name for stretch fibers often added to other
fibers to give them elasticity. Machine-wash in warm
water on the delicate cycle (if exercise wear, wash after
each wearing to remove body oils, which can cause
deterioration). Do not use chlorine bleach. Line dry, do
not use dryer. Do not iron
26. Terry cloth Toweling Fabric with looped pile made of cotton or
cotton/polyesters. Machine-wash in warm water.
Tumble dry or line dry.
27. Tweed - a coarse, rugged, and often nubby woolen fabric in
plain balanced or variation (originally twill) weave.
Used as casual suits and coats. Dry Clean.
28. Velour Napped fabric, Originally wool, now also cotton, silk and synthetics.
Dry-clean unless manufacturer’s label indicate it can
be washed. Velvet soft pile fabric, originally silk, now
usually rayon or cotton. Dry clean.
29. Vinyl –extruded polyvinyl chloride synthetic fabric flowed
onto knitted, woven, or non-woven base cloth imitating
leather. It is medium to heavy-weight upholstery
fabric. Follow instructions carefully in washing.
30. Voile - a light, plain-weave, sheer transparent fabric with
tightly twisted yarns often having a stiff finish.
Available in novelty effects like pique stripes, printed
patterns and stripes. It is obtained from cotton, rayon,
silk, or wool and used especially for making dresses
and curtains. Follow carefully wash instruction
31. Wool Natural fiber made of sheep fleece. Hand-wash
sweaters and other knits in cold water with cold water
detergent. Rinse thoroughly squeeze, do not wring.
Towel blot and dry flat, machine washable wools are so
labeled, follow instructions carefully. Dry clean woven
wools and heavy sweaters.

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Self-check 10.1-5
Direction:
1. What are the fabrics that for dry cleaning?
2. What are fabrics that can be dry cleaning and for washing?
3. What is tumble dry?
4. What kind of fabric that cannot be process in extraction?
5. What is the importance of reading washing instruction of
every fabric?

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Answer Key 10.1-5
1. Fabrics for dry cleaning

a. Silk, rayon, ramie, canvass, etc.
2. For dry cleaning and washing
a. Wool, organdy, flax, lace, etc.
3. Tumble means to extract water from the fabric
4. Fabric that cannot be process in extraction
a. Spandex
5. Importance in reading instruction
a. To know how to wash the fabric and to avoid damage of the fabric

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Information Sheet 10.1- 6
Reading Textile label codes

Learning Objectives: After reading the information sheet, you must be able to;
1. Read and apply the textile label codes:
WASHING PROCESS
Very hot.
White cotton and linen
Maximum wash
articles. Without special finishes
Spin or wring.
Cotton articles with
Very Hot.
special finishes capable
Minimum wash
of being boiled but requiring drip-
Drip-dry.
drying
Cotton, linen or viscose articles
Hot. Maximum without special finishes where
wash. Spin or wring. colours are fast at 60°C
Hot. Medium wash. Cold White nylon, white polyester/cotton

rinse, short spin mixtures.
or drip-dry.
Hand-hot. Medium wash.

Coloured nylon, polyester, cotton
Cold rinse, short spin or
and viscose acrylic/cotton mixtures.
drip-dry.
Cotton, linen or viscose articles

Warm. Maximum wash. where colours are fast at 40°C but
Spin or wring. not at 60°C.
Acrylics, acetate and triacetate,

Warm. Minimum wash. including mixtures with wool,
Spin. Do not hand wring. polyester/wool blends.
Wool, including blankets and wool

Warm. Minimum wash. mixtures with cotton or viscose, silk.
Spin. Do not hand wring
Cool. Minimum wash. Cold

Silk and printed acetate fabrics with
rinse, short spin. Do not
colours not fast at 40°C.
wring.

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Articles which must not be machine-
HAND WASH
washed
If drycleanable steaming or
prespotting may cause problems of
Do not wash dye bleeding.
IRONING
HOT (200°C)
Cotton, Linen, Viscose
WARM (150°C)
Wool, Polyester mixtures.
COOL (110° C)
Acrylic, Nylon, Triacetate, Polyester.
Do not iron.

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DRY CLEANING
Normal textiles dry cleanable in all solvents. Normally used for
dry cleaning
Normal textiles dry cleanable in perchloroethylene, white spirit,

Solvent R 113, Solvent 11.
Textiles sensitive to dry cleaning which may be cleaned with the

same solvents shown for P but with a strict limitation. Examples:
acrylic, velvet, unlimited woolens.
Normal textiles dry cleanable in white spirit. HCS and Solvent R

113.
Textiles sensitive to dry cleaning which may be cleaned with the

same solvents shown for F but with a strict limitation. Examples
glitter fabric.
Do not dry clean, be careful with spot removal. Example, pvc

coating: rubberized fabrics
CHLORINE BLEACHING
Chlorine bleaching is allowed
Do not use chlorine bleach
DRYING
Tumble dry Do not tumble dry.
Self Check 10.1- 6

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Identify the following washing, ironing, drying, and bleaching process
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

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Answer Key 10.1- 6
1. Do not tumble dry

2. Do not dry clean
3. Do not use chlorine bleach
4. Do not iron.
5. WARM (150°C)Wool, Polyester mixtures
6. Chlorine bleaching is allowed
7. Normal textiles dry cleanable in all solvents
8. HAND WASH
9. Do not wash
10. Hand-hot. Medium wash. Cold rinse, short spin or drip-dry.

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Procedure in Sorting Laundry Items
1. Follow the procedure in sorting laundry items.
PROCEDURE:
Segregate Items by:
1. Color – separating white from colored items.
White clothes colored clothes

2. Classification – Segregate item by those dry-cleaning, for washing and
pressing, Wet from dry cleaning towels from bed sheets, etc. Laundry job will be
faster when items are pre-segregated before they are processed.
For pressing Linens towels wet washing dry cleaning

3. Extent of dirt separating the heavily soiled items from lightly soiled items
Heavily soiled clothes lightly soiled clothes
4. Check for damages and stains.

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5. Check for valuables inside the garment, be sure to turn over them to your
supervisor.
6. Check for the special instructions indicated in the fabric.

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Self-check 10.1-7
1. What is your basis in sorting clothes in laundry?

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Answer key 10.1-7
1. Color – separating white from colored items.

2. Classification – Segregate item by those dry-cleaning, for washing and pressing,
Wet from dry cleaning towels from bed sheets, etc. Laundry job will be faster
when items are pre-segregated before they are processed.
3. Extent of dirt separating the heavily soiled items from lightly soiled items
4. Damages and stains.
5. Check for the special instructions indicated in the fabric.

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Laundering Method (Washing Machine)
Learning objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able to;
1. Follow the procedure of laundering method of the different types of linen
and fabrics.
PROCEDURE:
1. Preparing to Wash
 Sort the clothes unto groups-whites, colourfast, none—colourfast,
delicate, lint free and wash according to the laundry guide.
 Clothes with worn patches or tears should first be mended. Empty
out all pockets and close all side fasteners. Treat bad stains prior to
washing.
2. Prior Washing
 Remove the plastic cover safety from spin basket.
 Check the wash timer knob in set to position “0” and that the drain
selector is set to “WASH RINSE.”
 Ensure that the drain hose is in its correct position (se illustration).
 Inlet power cord into power point and switch on
3. To Wash
 Place the wash load and detergent in the tub.
 Set the drain selector to “WASH RINSE”.
 Turn the water tap on fill the tub of the washing machine to the level
recommended in the Laundry Guide.
 Set the wash timer to the period recommended in the Laundry Guide.
Your machine will now wash for the period selected.
 When the wash period expires, set the drain selector to the drain position
to discharge the water.
Caution: Before rinsing, the wash load may be transferred to the spin basket. To
spin, dry for 1 min. (approx.) to remove excess suds (see Spin Drying).
4. To Rinse the Wash Tub
 Open the door spin inner of the spin basket, lift up the door spin outer,
then pull the catch forward and lift upward.
 Transfer either the pull wash load or portion to the spin basket
commencing with small articles. Ensure that the clothes are evenly
distributed.
 Place the removable cover safety over the load to be dried and push
lightly downward.
 Set the spin timer to the time recommended in Laundry Guide. The spin
basket will spin the time selected, and then stop (at Position “0”.
Caution: Ensure the spin basket completely stops before reaching in to
remove the wash load. Be especially careful of children.
 To remove or reposition clothes during spin dry cycle, open the outer and
the inner door spin. In case, the basket will automatically stop as a brake
is supplied when the door spin outer is opened. To restart, close both lid. If
required, reset the spin timer.

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If there is any abnormal vibrating during the spin drying, turn off the spin
timer and rearrange the clothes uniformly inside the spin basket.
5. Simultaneous Washing and Spin Drying
 Two motors are fitted to cover washing, spin drying. This arrangement
enables spin drying of previous wash load and wash of new load to be
simultaneously affected.
 To do this set the controls for both “WASH” and “SPIN” modes (see “To
Wash and Spin drying).
Laundry Guide
Type of Size of Water Degree of Water Wash Spin
Fabrics Wash Level Soiling Temp. Period Period
Load (Volume) Water cycle
Fast Full half High Heavy Hot 5-10 3-5 mins.
Coloured, and less mins.
(app. 33L) Normal 50 C (Max.)
Cotton (app. 26L)
and Low Light
Linens
Nylon Full half High Normal 4-5
and less mins.
(app. 33L) Warm 40 C
(app. 26L) 2-3
Low Light 2 mins.
mins
Delicate Half & High Normal to Warm 40 C 2-3 1-2 mins.
Less light mins.
(app. 33L)
6. Emptying
 Set the drain selector knob to “Drain”
 The machine will now empty.
 Set the drain selector knob to “WASH, RINSE”
 Switch off the electricity at the power point.

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JOB SHEET 10.1-1
Title: Laundering Method (Washing Machine)
Performance Objective: Given a wash load, you should be able to follow the
procedure of laundering method of the different types of linen and fabrics and
practice occupational health and safety in laundering.
Supplies and Materials: cleaning detergent, fabric conditioner, stain remover
Equipment: Washing machine with dryer or spinner
Steps and Procedures:
1. Sort the clothes unto groups-whites, colorfast, none—colorfast, delicate, lint
free and wash according to the laundry guide.
2. Clothes with worn or tears should first be mended.
3. Empty out all pockets and close all side fasteners.
4. Treat bad stains prior to washing.
5. Remove the plastic cover safety from spin basket.
6. Check the wash timer knob in set to position “0” and that the drain selector
is set to “WASH RINSE.”
7. Ensure that the drain hose is in its correct position (se illustration).
8. Inlet power cord into power point and switch on
9. Place the wash load and detergent in the tub.
10. Set the drain selector to “WASH RINSE”.
11. Turn the water tap to fill the tub of the washing machine to the level
recommended in the Laundry Guide.
12. Set the wash timer to the period recommended in the Laundry Guide.
13. Set the drain selector to the drain position to discharge the water.
14. Transfer either the full wash load or portion to the spin basket
commencing with small articles.
15. Ensure that the clothes are evenly distributed.
16. Place the removable cover safety over the load to be dried and push
lightly downward.
17. Set the spin timer to the time recommended in Laundry Guide. The spin
basket will spin the time selected, and then stop at Position “0”.
18. Open the outer and the inner door spin. Removed the clothes from the spinner
and dry.
Assessment Method: Performance Criteria

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PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST
JOB SHEET 10.1-8
Trainee’ Name: ______________________________________ Date: ____________________
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you………
1. Sort the clothes unto groups-whites, colorfast, none—colorfast,
delicate, lint free and wash according to the laundry guide.
2. Mend clothes with worn patches or tears?
3. Empty out all pockets and close all side fasteners?
4. Treat bad stains prior to washing?
5. Remove the plastic cover safety from spin basket?
6. Check the wash timer knob in set to position “0” and that the drain
selector is set to “WASH RINSE.”
7. Ensure that the drain hose is in its correct position?
8. Switch properly and safely the inlet power cord into outlet?
9. Place the wash load and detergent in the tub?
10. Set the drain selector to “WASH RINSE”.
11. Turn the water tap to fill the tub of the washing machine to the level
recommended in the Laundry Guide?
12. Set the wash timer to the period recommended in the Laundry
Guide?
13. Set the drain selector to the drain position to discharge
14. Transfer either the full wash load or portion to the spin basket
commencing with small articles?
15. Ensure that the clothes are evenly distributed?
16. Place the removable cover safety over the load to be dried and push
lightly downward?
17. Set the spin timer to the time recommended in Laundry Guide?
18. Open the outer and the inner door spin. Removed the clothes from
the spinner and dry?
Comments/Suggestions:

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Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________
TASK SHEET 10.1-1
Title: Sorting Laundry Items
procedure sorting clothes, linen and fabrics following OHS.
Supplies and Materials: Laundry baskets, labelers, laundry bags, hangers.
Equipment: Laundry cart, sorting shelves
Procedure:
1. Separating white from colored items.

2. Segregate item by those dry-cleaning, for washing and pressing, Wet
from dry cleaning towels from bed sheets, etc. Laundry job will be faster
when items are pre-segregated before they are processed.
3. separating the heavily soiled items from lightly soiled items
4. Check for damages and stains.
5. Check for valuables inside the garment, be sure to turn over them to
your supervisor.
6. Check for the special instructions indicated in the fabric

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TASK SHEET 10.1-1
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……..
1. Separate the white clothes from the colored items?
2. Segregate item by those dry-cleaning, for washing and pressing,
Wet from dry cleaning towels from bed sheets, etc.
3. Separate the heavily soiled items from lightly soiled items?
4. Check for damages and stains?
5. Check the valuables inside the garment, and turn over them to
the supervisor.
6. Check for the special instructions indicated in the fabric?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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TASK SHEET 10.1-2
Title: Darning
Performance Objective: Given a wash load with worn patches, you should be
able to patch.
Supplies and Materials: sewing kit and patches.
Equipment: Laundry cart, sorting shelves
Procedure:
1. Prepare tools and materials in sewing.
2. Check the color of the fabric.
3. Hem the torn part of the fabric
4. Use the same color of thread.
5. Use running stitch.

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TASK SHEET 10.1-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……
1. Prepare tools and materials in sewing.
2. Check the color of the fabric.
3. Hem the torn part of the fabric
4. Use the same color of thread
5. Use running stitch.
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 2 OBSERVE SAFETY PRACTICES IN HANDLING
LAUNDRY EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS
CONTENTS:
1. Handling bleaching solutions and other laundry chemicals
2. Hygiene, health and safety issues of specific relevance to laundry operations
1. Items for laundering are checked for stains and stains are treated using the
correct process
2. Cleaning agents and chemicals are correctly used in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions and specific laundry equipment
CONDITION:
2. EQUIPMENTS
sorting shelves
3. TOOLS
fiber/ fabric samples
different linens and laundry items
 pen and paper
 bleaching agent
 stain removing agent
 fabric softeners
 sanitizing agent
 All purpose cleaning
agent
 detergents (liquid,
powder)
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
 Observation
 Interview
 Written examination
 Demonstration of practical skills

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Learning Outcome 2: OBSERVE SAFETY PRACTICES IN HANDLING LAUNDRY

EQUIPMENT AND CHEMICALS

Read information sheets 10.2-1 on If you have some problem on the
Health and safety to Laundry content of the information sheet, don’t
Answer self Check 10.2-1 Compare answer with the answer key
Read the information sheet 10.2-2 If you have some problem on the
on safe handling of laundry Chemicals content of the information sheet, don’t
Answer self check 10.2.2 Compare answer with the answer key

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HEALTH AND SAFETY TO LAUNDRY AREA

1. Practice safety in the laundry area.
2. Practice safety in operating the machine
General Laundry Safety
Wherever you install your washer and dryer - whether it's in the basement or another
room - make sure you install a smoke alarm as well. Like all major appliances, your
washer and dryer should be properly grounded. Ensure you have the proper sized
fuse or breaker switch installed. Washing means water, of course, and if not already
in place, you should install an outlet with a ground fault circuit interrupter.
If your laundry room shares the basement with the furnace, avoid hanging clothes, or
storing laundry products, such as bleach near the furnace where they can create
fire. Water, electrical appliances, tight spaces are all present dangers to children, so
make the laundry room off limits as a play area. Also, the iron should also be kept
out of reach of children - young tots can pull on the cord and pull a heavy iron down
on themselves causing injury. When finished ironing, unplug the iron, and never
leave a hot iron unattended.
And, watch your step while carrying laundry, especially if you have to take the stairs.
It's better to take two small loads so you can see where you're going over the top of
the laundry basket and avoid tripping. It's also not a good idea to locate the laundry
hamper or basket on the stairs.
Preventive Maintenance in the laundry area
The benefits of preventive maintenance are far too often overlooked. By creating a
preventive maintenance schedule and sticking with it, laundry managers can
increase their department's efficiency, reduce the risk of injury and illness, minimize
unscheduled interruptions, and prevent larger and more costly repairs.
Included on the dryer maintenance schedule should be steps to ensure that the
equipment has unrestricted airflow. Although workers may clean the lint screen
several times a day, it is equally important that the dryers' entire exhaust ducts be
inspected at least once a month. A restricted exhaust duct from lint reduces airflow
and increases the chances of creating an unsafe condition. Vacuuming behind the
tumbler every six months is also recommended.
As for washers, after every 200 hours of use the bearings and seals should be
lubricated with manufacturer-recommended grease. Washers should be examined for
leaks daily. Besides watching for the obvious puddle on the floor, someone from the
maintenance staff should inspect the hoses for water and chemical leaks. If leaks are
found, the equipment shouldn't be used until a service technician repairs them. At
least every three months, maintenance should also check the washers' belt condition,
clean the water-inlet screens, and inspect anchor bolts.
In addition to implementing and posting a preventive maintenance checklist, clear
directions for operating conditions should be posted, such as proper start-up and
shutdown procedures.
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Safe Operation of Equipment
To avoid injury while using laundry room equipment there are certain things to look
for and others to avoid. The following is a list of some general operating tips:
Carefully read safety labels and instructions on all laundry equipment. Post safety
instructions near each machine for easy reference.
Regularly run safety tests. For example, check the door interlock on washer-
extractors. When testing the door interlock, attempt to start the machine with the
door open, close the door and, without locking it, attempt to start the machine. If the
equipment starts during either of these tests, contact your service technician. Also,
try opening the door during the wash cycle. The door should stay locked. If it doesn't,
immediately disconnect the equipment from its power source so it cannot be
operated, and contact your service technician.
Safety first for on-premise laundries: following these good-sense safety

guidelines
Perform similar safety checks on tumblers. Try opening the door during the dry cycle.
The machine should stop when the door is opened.
Pay attention to your surroundings. Never, under any circumstance, operate your
washer-extractor if there is high water on the laundry room floor or if the machine is
not connected to a properly grounded circuit.
Examine the floor for cracking. The concrete foundation must be of sufficient
strength and thickness to handle the floor loads generated by the high extraction
speeds. If cracking is severe, the floor needs to be reinforced with new concrete.
Provide sufficient space to move between pieces of equipment and for the
performance of service procedures and routine preventive maintenance.
Use machines only for their intended purposes. For example, to reduce the risk of
fire, don't put plastics, articles containing foam rubber, rags contaminated with
gasoline or other flammable solvents, or mop heads into the dryer.
Do not defeat machine safety features. Washer-extractors and tumblers are

constructed with numerous safety features, such as washer door lock protection and
a dryer airflow safety switch. By intentionally overriding these features, you create an
unsafe condition.
Cut off the power when there is a problem with a machine or a jam in a flatwork
finisher. Don't just turn off the machine, but turn off the power at the power source.
Check emergency switches and devices weekly to ensure that they are working
properly.
Remove hot laundry from a tumbler immediately after cycle completion. Never leave a
hot load sitting in a tumbler or a laundry cart unattended.

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Throw out rags. If you have rags that have been used to clean up or apply a chemical,
don't wash or dry them. For safety reasons it's best to throw them out.
Ergonomics and the Laundry Room
A large issue coming to light is the study of ergonomics. Defined as the science of
fitting the job to the worker, ergonomics is extremely important in the laundry room.
Because of the repetitive movements of bending and reaching, employees can
experience back strain if they are not properly trained in proper techniques. And, in
terms of the amount of lost work time, back strain comes in a close second to the
common cold for days missed.
To prevent physical injuries on the job, the Occupational Safety and Health
Administration (OSHA) suggests training employees on proper lifting; posting signs
that demonstrate proper lifting technique; reducing the size and weight of the items
being lifted; and installing mechanical aids when possible. It is also recommended
that equipment height be adjusted to proper levels. For example, the work level of
carts and bins should be raised to approximately workers' waist level. If the
stationary laundry equipment is too high, platforms should be provided for employees
to stand on for easier reaching.
When laundry staffs are washing large items, such as sheets, these items should be
loaded individually by bunching each sheet accordion style. This will prevent the
sheets from tangling and will make them easier to remove from the washer.

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Self Check 10.2.1
I. TRUE OR FALSE: Write true if the statement is true, and false if the
statement is wrong.
1. Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker.
2. Use machines only for their intended purposes
3. Do not read safety labels and instructions on all laundry equipment.
4. Post safety instructions near each machine for easy reference.
5. Washer and dryer should not properly grounded.
6. Cut off the power when there is a problem with a machine or a jam in
a flatwork finisher.
7. Don't just turn off the machine, but turn off the power at the power
source.
8. Check emergency switches and devices weekly to ensure that they are
working properly.
9. Operate your washer-extractor if there is high water on the laundry
room floor.
10. If you have rags that have been used to clean up or apply a
chemical, wash or dry them for next use.

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Answer Key 10.2-1
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True
7. True
8. True
9. False
10. False

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Safe Handling of Laundry Chemicals
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET you must be able to;
1. Use laundry chemicals properly.
What Is Bleach and How Does It Work?
Bleach is a chemical that can remove or lighten color, usually via oxidation.
Types of Bleach
There are several types of bleach. Chlorine bleach usually contains sodium
hypochlorite. Oxygen bleach contains hydrogen peroxide or a peroxide-releasing
compound such as sodium perborate or sodium percarbonate. Bleaching powder is
calcium hypochlorite. Other bleaching agents include sodium persulfate, sodium
perphosphate, sodium persilicate, their ammonium, potassium and lithium analogs,
calcium peroxide, zinc peroxide, sodium peroxide, carbamide peroxide, chlorine
dioxide, bromate, and organic peroxides (e.g., benzoyl peroxide).
While most bleaches are oxidizing agents, other processes can be used to remove
color. For example, sodium dithionite is a powerful reducing agent that can be used
as a bleach.
How Bleach Works
An oxidizing bleach works by breaking the chemical bonds of a chromophore (part of

a molecule that has color). This changes the molecule so that it either has no color or
else reflects color outside the visible spectrum.
A reducing bleach works by changing the double bonds of a chromophore into single
bonds. This alters the optical properties of the molecule, making it colorless.
In addition to chemicals, energy can disrupt chemical bonds to bleach out color. For
example, the high energy photons in sunlight (e.g., ultraviolet rays) can disrupt the
bonds in chromophores to decolorize them.
One specific place where you should definitely avoid using bleach
If you bought decking or other outdoor wood products more than a few years ago you
should be aware that your purchase may contain CCA which is a dangerous
chemical which becomes even more dangerous when combined with bleach. CCA is a
type of arsenic and it combines with bleach to from highly toxic chromium and
arsenic compounds. Most of these CCA-treated products were taken off the market in
the US by 2003 but of course many people still have such things in their backyards.
If you have any concerns that you family may be exposed to such products then be
especially careful not to use bleach or deck brighteners on them.
Also, if toddlers and young children are to play on such decking always lay down
matting. Even without added bleach these products are hazardous!
Other places to avoid bleach

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Avoid using bleach in close quarters such as cupboards and other small spaces
where the smell and fumes may be concentrated by lack of air movement. If you feel
that you must use it, wear a face mask and dilute the product adequately.
Air rooms well after bleach has been used to dispel fumes.
Never ever use bleach with other products in an experimental way! The risk of
hazardous fumes is too great. Use bleach in dilution according to the manufacturer’s
instructions.
People who have asthma or other breathing problems should be especially careful
about using bleach.
Be very careful of bleach splashes. Bleach is a powerful corrosive. If any should get
into your eye, irrigate it liberally with water for 15 minutes or so and get medical
help.
Get out in the fresh air after exposing yourself to bleach fumes and if you have any
doubt about effects upon your health consult a doctor.
Use bleach if you feel it is necessary. Dilute it 1 part in 10 parts water for a
reasonably safe cleaning agent. If you do use it undiluted, keep it at arms length and
irrigate it with plenty of water as soon as it has done its work. People who have heart
or lung conditions should be especially careful.
The real hazard of chlorine bleach
The real problem is the industrial use of chlorine bleach, as used in many, many
products. Manufacturers of conventional nappies, toilet paper and many other paper
and fabric products use industrial bleaching methods during production which are
very harmful to the environment. This is because large quantities of bleach are acting
in an acid environment.
The oxygen bleaches are chemically different from standard bleach and they are
generally safer, too.
Vinegar and bleach and other bleach safety facts
So how safe is vinegar and bleach? Is this potent combination a useful mix for
household use?
Vinegar and bleach is not a safe mixture - in fact you really should not mix bleach
with anything (except water).
Here are a few key facts about bleach and safety, starting with the idea of mixing
vinegar with bleach to make a more powerful disinfectant.
Why would people want to mix vinegar and bleach?
There is evidence that vinegar lowers the acidity of diluted bleach, making it a more
potent bactericide. Diluted household bleach has a pH which is quite high (i.e it is
quite alkaline). Adding vinegar lowers it and makes the bleach a more effective killer
of bacteria.
Is this mixing of vinegar and bleach safe or necessary?

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The short answer is "No!".
For domestic use the dangers are too great. When acids are mixed with bleach
chlorine gas is given off. This is quite toxic and can be a considerable health risk.
Vinegar is a fairly potent bactericide in its own right. If you feel the need to use
bleach too, then separate them out. Use bleach in small quantities, diluted in water
to top up your cleaning programme.
Vinegar and bleach is only an option in emergency situations and is best left to
professionals.
So how dangerous is bleach - for us and for the environment?
Chlorine bleach is mainly sodium hypochlorite. This is the common household

bleach with the classic smell of swimming pools! It's the kind you generally find in
liquid or gel form in supermarkets. You can also buy it as a dry powder.
It is a useful household cleaner as it dissolves and dirt and whitens and brightens
things too. It is not generally very suitable for fabrics as it may destroy them,
especially if the concentration is too strong.
A huge quantity of this stuff is flushed down sinks and toilets everyday which you
might think was a hazardous thing to do.
Some might say the jury is still out but the likely truth is that most chlorine bleach
products will break down harmlessly into salts and water.
For dangerous compounds such as dioxins to be produced you need a much more
acid environment.
The real hazard of chlorine bleach
The real problem is the industrial use of chlorine bleach, as used in many, many
products. Manufacturers of conventional nappies, toilet paper and many other paper
and fabric products use industrial bleaching methods during production which are
very harmful to the environment. This is because large quantities of bleach are acting
in an acid environment.
The oxygen bleaches are chemically different from standard bleach and they are
generally safer, too.
What about the manufacture of chlorine bleach?
The making of chlorine bleach can pose a significant hazard. Chlorox, a chemical
company which makes a popular bleach product in the US experienced an accidental
spill in the 1970s which caused them to review their transportation arrangements.
Workers in chemical plants may also be adversely affected by the continual exposure
to fumes.
Chemical Safety Data: Sodium hypochlorite solution
Common
Clorox, liquid bleach
synonyms
Formula NaClO (in water)

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Form: colourless liquid with a strong odour
Physical Stability: Unstable: light and heat sensitive; readily decomposes on heating
properties to around 40 C
Specific gravity: approximately 1.21
*** Sodium hypochlorite is corrosive and can cause burns to skin and
eyes.
*** The liquid is harmful if swallowed and in contact with the skin.
The fumes are harmful if inhaled.
*** If acid is added to sodium hypochlorite solution, chlorine gas
(poisonous!) is released. Since bleach may be deliberately or
inadvertently added to other cleaning agents in use - some of which
Principal are acidic - this is a common way in which people may be exposed to
hazards chlorine.
*** The solution is unstable, gradually decomposing over time to
release both dissolved and gaseous products. Consequently, pressure
may build up in sealed containers, so solutions in storage should be
allowed to vent the products of decomposition.
*** Sodium hypochlorite is a fairly strong oxidizing agent, so reacts
vigorously with many reducing agents. Products of the reaction with
amines and ammonia may be both toxic and explosive.
Wear safety glasses. Work in a well ventilated area. Do not add the
Safe handling liquid to a known acid, or to any material which may possibly be
acidic.
Eye contact: Immediately flush the eye with water. If irritation

persists, call for medical help.
Emergency Skin contact: Wash off with soap and water. If the skin is left red or
inflamed, seek medical aid.
If swallowed: Call for medical help.
Small amounts of liquid may be disposed of down the sink unless

Disposal local rules prohibit this. When discarding down the sink, ensure that
plenty of water is used to thoroughly flush away this material.
Protective
Safety glasses, hand gloves, apron
equipment

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Self Check 10.2-2
I. TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct and False if

the statement is not correct.
1. Air rooms well before using bleach to dispel fumes

2. People who have asthma or other breathing problems should be especially
careful about using bleach.
3. Dilute it 10 parts in 1 parts water for a reasonably safe cleaning agent.
4. You can touch in bare hands the bleaches.
5. The oxygen bleaches are chemically different from standard bleach and they
are generally safer.
6. Sodium hypochlorite is corrosive and can cause burns to skin and eyes.
7. Work in a well ventilated area when using bleach
8. Small amounts of liquid may be disposed of down anywhere.
9. Not all bleaches are poisonous
10. Safety glasses is not a requirement when using bleach.

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Answer Key 10.2-2
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. False
10. False

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LEARNING OUTCOME # 3 FOLLOW CORRECT PROCEDURE IN
LAUNDERING PROCESS FOR GUEST’S
LAUNDRY ITEMS
CONTENTS:
1. Principles and procedures in laundering clothes and linens
2. Principles and procedures in treating stains based on nature of stain and
type of fabric and fiber
3. Principles in drying clothes and linens
4. Principles and procedures in ironing and pressing clothes and linens
5. Types of ironing equipment, tools and materials and their proper usage
6. Types of hangers and their uses
7. Folding methods and techniques
1. Laundry methods are correctly selected in accordance with textile labeling
codes and based on:
a. type of fabric and fiber
b. dye fastness
c. amount of soilage
d. washing instructions
2. Items for laundering are checked for stains and stains are treated using the
correct process
3. Cleaning agents and chemicals are correctly used in accordance with
manufacturer’s instructions and specific laundry equipment
4. Laundry equipment is operated in accordance with manufacturer’s
instructions
5. Items are checked after laundering process to ensure quality cleaning
6. Any damage arising from laundering process is recorded and appropriate
person(s) is/are notified in accordance with establishment procedures
7. Pressing and finishing processes are correctly completed in accordance with
textile characteristics and client requirements
CONDITION:
2. EQUIPMENTS
washing machine
drying machine
dry-cleaning machine
flat iron
steam pressers
ironing board
sorting shelves
3. TOOLS
labeller
hangers
laundry baskets
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wash basin
bucket
water hose
Operating manuals
brochures
pen and paper
bleaching agent
stain removing agent
fabric softeners
sanitizing agent
All purpose cleaning agent
detergents (liquid, powder)
report forms
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Observation
Interview
Written examination
Demonstration of practical skills

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Learning Outcome 3: FOLLOW CORRECT PROCEDURE IN LAUNDERING

PROCESS FOR GUEST’S LAUNDRY ITEMS
If you have some problem on the content of the
 Read information sheets
information sheet, don’t hesitate to approach
10.3-1
your trainer.
Principles and Procedures
If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
in Laundering Clothes
the content of the information sheet, you can
Linen and Fabrics
now answer self check provided in the module.
Compare answer with the answer key
 Answer self check 10.3.1
Evaluate your own work using the performance
 Perform job sheet 10.3-1
criteria
Keep a copy of your work for the next activities


Read the information If you have some problem on the content of the
sheet 10.3-2 on information sheet, don’t hesitate to approach
Cleaning a Washing Machine your trainer.
 Answer self check 10.3-2 Compare answer using answer key
criteria

 Read the information
sheet 10.3-3
your trainer.
Kinds od Stains and How If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
to treat them the content of the information sheet, you can
Compare your answer to the answer key
sheet 10.3-4
your trainer.
Principles and procedure
in Drying clothes If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
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 Perform job sheet 10.3-
criteria
4
10.3-5
your trainer.
Ironing and Pressing
Clothes If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
 Perform job sheet 10.3-
criteria
5
sheets 10.3-6 on types of
your trainer.
hangers and their uses
 Answer Self Check 10.3-6
10.3-7 on Folding
your trainer.
methods and techniques
( Long sleeves) If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
criteria
10.3-8
your trainer.
Folding methods and
techniques (shirts) If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
criteria
10.3-9

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How to Iron a Pair of your trainer.
Pants If you feel that you are now knowledgeable on
criteria

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Principles and Procedures in Laundering Clothes Linen and Fabrics
1. Follow the principles and procedures in laundering clothes linen and fabrics.
Procedure:
1. Select load size – based on item size
 Large Load – large item
 Medium load – medium items
 Small load – small items
2. Add washing detergent following the recommended quantity for specific load size
 Detergent
 Alkali
 Bleach
 Softener
3. Adjust machine to the appropriate water temperature.
 Hot for white and heavily soiled items
 Warm for bright colors and lightly soiled items
 Cold for permanent press items.
4. Place the soiled linen based on classification and selected load size
 Heavily soiled
 Bath towel to bath towel
 Flat sheet to flat sheet
 lightly soiled
 Hand towel to hand towel
 others
5. Select the right washes cycle on time.
a. Select super wash cycle for heavily soiled items
b. Regular wash cycle for lightly soiled ones.
6. Follow manual instructions for precautionary measures.
7. Clean the machine after washing.
HEALTH AND SAFETY TO LAUNDRY AREA
General Laundry Safety
Wherever you install your washer and dryer - whether it's in the basement or another
room - make sure you install a smoke alarm as well. Like all major appliances, your
washer and dryer should be properly grounded. Ensure you have the proper sized
fuse or breaker switch installed. Washing means water, of course, and if not already
in place, you should install an outlet with a ground fault circuit interrupter.

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Revision #
If your laundry room shares the basement with the furnace, avoid hanging clothes, or
storing laundry products, such as bleach near the furnace where they can create
fire. Water, electrical appliances, tight spaces are all present dangers to children, so
make the laundry room off limits as a play area. Also, the iron should also be kept
out of reach of children - young tots can pull on the cord and pull a heavy iron down
on themselves causing injury. When finished ironing, unplug the iron, and never
leave a hot iron unattended.
And, watch your step while carrying laundry, especially if you have to take the stairs.
It's better to take two small loads so you can see where you're going over the top of
the laundry basket and avoid tripping. It's also not a good idea to locate the laundry
hamper or basket on the stairs.

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Self-check 10.3-1
1. How many pieces of clothes/fabric in one spinning?

2. Why did you segregate white items from the colored ones?
3. What is the wash cycle for heavily wash load?

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Answer key 10.3-1
1. It depends upon the capacity of the washing machine.

2. To avoid color contamination.
3. Select super wash cycle.

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JOB SHEET 10.3-1
Title: Principles and Procedures in Laundering Clothes Linen and Fabrics
procedure of laundering method of the different types of linen and fabrics and
practice occupational health and safety in laundering.
Supplies and Materials: cleaning detergent, fabric conditioner, stain remover
1. Select load size – based on item size
2. Add washing detergent following the recommended quantity for specific load
size
3. Adjust machine to the appropriate water temperature.
4. Place the soiled linen based on classification and selected load size
5. Select the right washes cycle on time.
6. Follow manual instructions for precautionary measures.
7. Clean the machine after washing.

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OPERATION SHEET 10.3-1
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……….
1. Select load size – based on item size?
2. Add washing detergent following the recommended quantity
for specific load size?
3. Adjust machine to the appropriate water temperature?
4. Place the soiled linen based on classification and selected load

size?
5. Select the right washes cycle on time?
6. Follow manual instructions for precautionary measures?
7. Clean the machine after washing?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Information Sheet10.3-2
Cleaning a Washing Machine
Learning Objective: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able to;
1. Follow the procedure in cleaning the washing machine.
What You Will Need

* Lemon Juice, Lime Juice or Vinegar
* Borax
* Spray Cleaner
* Paper Towels
* Q-tips
* Bucket
* Vacuum with hose attachment
Important Safety Tip: Before attempting to clean your washing machine, it is

important to UNPLUG YOUR MACHINE. NEVER attempt to clean your washing
machine when it is still plugged in as you run the risk of electrocution!
Cleaning the Washing Machine:
Procedure:
1. Start by using the spray cleaner and paper towels to wipe down the top, front,
and sides of the washing machine. This step alone makes a big difference in the
appearance of your machine.
2. Next, we will work on cleaning out the inside of the machine.
3. Spray some cleaner onto a couple of paper towels and use it to wipe down the
underside of the lid, and under the lip of the washer.
4. Now it’s time to clean the basin of the washer. Fortunately, the machine will do
most of the work for you. You will need to run several cycles to get the
machine completely clean.
5. Begin by filling the washing machine using the hot water and largest load
setting.
6. Add 2 cups of lemon or lime juice if you have rust problems or 2 cups of vinegar
for odor problems. If you have both problems, run a cycle of each.
7. Allow the washing machine to run through a complete wash and rinse cycle.
8. Fill the washer a second time with hot water on the largest load setting.
9. Add 2 cups of bleach to the water. This will aid in stain removal.
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11. If all of the stains are removed, run an additional cycle without adding anything
to the water. This will allow any remaining residue to be rinsed away
thoroughly.
12. Remove the bleach dispenser and fabric softener dispenser and soak them in a
bucket of warm water.
13. When they have soaked long enough to loosen most of the build-up, remove
them from the water and lay them on a paper towel.
14. Spray them with the spray cleaner and wipe away any dirt using the paper
towels. Use Q-tips to remove dirt from corners and tight areas.
15. Dry the dispensers and return them to their original places in the machine.
16. Use the vacuum with the hose attachment to vacuum all around and under the
washing machine. A large amount of dust tends to accumulate behind the
washer and dryer, so take extra care in vacuuming all the dirt away, especially
from cords and electrical outlet areas. This not only makes it cleaner, it helps
to alleviate a possible fire hazard.
17. This is a good time to check the hoses and make sure they are securely
attached. If not, you may be mopping the floor soon too!
Additional Tips and Advice:

* If you have stubborn stains on the inside of your machine, there are cleaning
products designed for washing machines that are available at most hardware
and home improvement stores.
* If your clothes have picked up the odor from your machine, wash them with a
cup of borax.
* Front loading washers tend get a build-up over time that leads to unpleasant
odors. There are natural cleaners available to remove the fungus and get rid of
the odor. However, to keep it away, you may need to change your detergent
and/or fabric softener.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-2
Title: Cleaning a Washing Machine
Performance Objective: Given a washing machine you must be able to clean the
machine following safety procedures.
Supplies and Materials: Lemon Juice, Lime Juice or Vinegar, Borax, Spray
Cleaner, Paper Towels
1. Start by using the spray cleaner and paper towels to wipe down the top, front,
and sides of the washing machine.
2. Next, Spray some cleaner onto a couple of paper towels and use it to wipe
down the underside of the lid, and under the lip of the washer.
4. Fill the washing machine with hot water.
6. Add 2 cups of lemon or lime juice if you have rust problems or 2 cups of
vinegar for odor problems. If you have both problems, run a cycle of each.
8. Fill the washer a second time with hot water on the largest load setting.
9. Add 2 cups of bleach to the water. This will aid in stain removal.
11. Remove the bleach dispenser and fabric softener dispenser and soak them in
a bucket of warm water.
13. Remove them from the water and lay them on a paper towel.
14. Spray them with the spray cleaner and wipe away any dirt using the paper
towels.
15. Dry the dispensers and return them to their original places in the machine.
16. Check the hoses and make sure they are securely attached.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……
1. Clean the machine and free from stains, odor, and rusts?
2. Follow the procedure in cleaning the washing machine.
3. Practice occupational health and safety in cleaning the

washing machine.
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Kinds of Stains and how to treat them
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEETS, you must be able to;
1. Identify kinds of stains.
2. Discuss the correct process in treating different kinds of stains.
STAIN THAT NEEDS SPECIAL PROCEDURE IN REMOVING
Acids Act quickly so that acid cannot damage the cloth. Sprinkle the stain with
baking soda, dampen with water and allow to stand till bubbling stops. Rinse well in
warm water. Alternatively, hold the dampened stain over an open bottle of household
ammonia so that the fumes can neutralize the acid. Rinse well.
Adhesive Tape Sponge or soak the dry fabric stain with a suitable laundry pre-soak
(spot stain remover) or in a grease solvent or kerosene. Kerosene will make the cloth
oily, so if used, must be followed by washing in warm soapy water.
Alcohol Always treat these as soon as possible. Often stains are almost colourless at
first, but turn brown on standing, washing and ironing. Fresh stains can be removed
by sponging several times with warm water. If there is any mark left, pour glycerine
on the dampened stain, rub lightly between the hands and leave for half an hour.
Rinse in warm water.
More stubborn stains may be sponged on dry fabric with equal quantities of
methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and ammonia (test on colours first) or laundry pre-
soak (spot stain remover). Rinse well in warm water. If any stain is left on white
material, a laundry bleach may be used. Choose and use your bleach according to
instructions given earlier.
Alkalis Alkalis, such as washing soda and ammonia, or cuticle remover, may destroy
colour and rot material. Rinse at once in equal quantities of vinegar and water. Rinse
well in warm water. If colour has been affected this cannot be corrected.
Baby Oil Rub some dishwash liquid into the stain, leave for 10-15 minutes, then hot
wash (60-65°C) using your normal laundry detergent. If any stain remains, repeat the
process. For unwashable fabrics or articles, see under Butter.
Bleach Treat immediately in copious amounts of cold water. For chlorine bleach, add
1 Tbsp. vinegar in each 600 mls water. If the colour has been removed by the bleach,
it cannot readily be restored, but try holding in fumes from an open bottle of
ammonia.
Blood
If fresh, sponge with cool salted water (1tsp : 600 ml water) and rinse with clear
water.
Should stain persist, soak in a diaper wash/sanitiser from the supermarket that
contains sodium percarbonate - read the diaper wash/sanitiser label for the
chemical make-up of the product (may state sodium carbonate peroxohydrate or
oxygenated bleach). Sodium percarbonate is derived from a manufacturing process of
concentrated solutions of sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide (sodium
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suggestion first. Or you can try any of the following suggestions, and they are in no
particular order...
o Dilute hydrogen peroxide (1 part : 9 parts water). Purchase the strongest
solution available from a pharmacy - usually "20 Volume". Rinse well.
o Sponge with a 10% solution of Oxalic Acid, warmed to about 45°C. Rinse
well.
o Sponge with dilute ammonia (1 Tsp. : 600 ml). Rinse well.
o For thick or unwashable articles, e.g. mattresses, carpets, sprinkle with
pepsin powder (from your pharmacy), or spread with a thick paste of raw
starch and water, leave to dry, then brush off. Repeat if necessary.
Blue Rinse fresh marks in cold water. Soak any more difficult stains in a solution 1
Tbsp. vinegar in 1,200 ml of warm water. Wash as usual.
Boot Polish Sponge with a laundry pre-soak (spot stain remover) or with dry
cleaning fluid.
Butter, Cream & Fatty Stains Wash in warm sudsy water if a washable fabric. If
not, sponge dry fabric with a grease solvent, e.g. laundry pre-soak (spot stain
remover) or dry cleaning fluid.
On upholstery and carpets, use the absorbent powder treatment, followed by a
shampoo with liquid detergent, such as a Carpet/Rug Shampoo, a good quality
laundry liquid or Quilt/Wool Wash. Avoid wetting backing of carpet or fabric, or
discoloration occurs. Do not use grease solvents, e.g. dry cleaning fluid, on carpets or
fabrics with rubberized backing.
On wallpaper, scrape off as much as possible, then use warm iron and absorbent
paper. Treat remaining stain with paste of corn flour and a grease solvent. Allow to
dry, brush off, and repeat if necessary.
Crayons Treat as for Candle wax. If on wallpaper, after scraping cover with blotting
or brown paper, iron with warm iron, shifting paper repeatedly. Final traces may be
covered with a paste of cornflour and cleaning fluid. Allow to dry, brush off and
repeat if necessary.
Candle Wax Candle wax and chewing gum can be effectively removed by placing the
object that has been stained into a freezer until the staining agent is quite hard, and
brittle, then the material can be literally shattered off the object that has been
stained.
...then treat any residue as follows: place the stain between clean, white blotters and
press with a warm iron, changing the blotter as it becomes soiled. Then sponge with
dry cleaning fluid or a laundry pre-soak (spot stain remover).
In the case of coloured wax there may still be a colour stain. Sponge with a liquid
made by adding ½ c of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) to ½ c water.
Carbon Paper & Transfers On washable fabrics heavy suds of soap and water are
usually successful. Otherwise, sponge over a pad with methylated spirits (wood
alcohol), following with a cold water sponge.
Chewing Gum Scrape away as much as possible first. Rubbing the stain with ice will
harden the gum and make this easier, especially on rugs and other heavy materials.
If the material is washable, soak in kerosene and wash in hot soapy water. For
unwashable articles, use dry cleaning fluid. Several applications may be necessary.
Chocolate & Cocoa First scrape off as much as possible with a dull knife. Hot soapy
water will then remove fresh stains from washable articles. If a brown stain remains,
soak in a solution of a diaper wash/sanitiser container sodium percarbonate followed
by a good rinse in warm water.

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For unwashable materials, sponge with dry cleaning fluid. Allow to dry. Repeat as
necessary with a clean portion of pad beneath. If any mark remains, sponge with
equal quantities of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and household ammonia (test on
colours first). Follow with warm water. A spray-on dry cleaner may be used.
Cod Liver Oil Fresh cod liver oil stains can be removed successfully, but old stains
set by washing and ironing are almost impossible to remove, even with bleach. Wash
very fresh stains in warm water and a good quality laundry liquid or any one of the
concentrated Laundry Powders available, applying a little neat liquid detergent to the
stain.
Stubborn stains on all fabrics respond to soaking in a diaper wash/sanitiser
container sodium percarbonate. Wash as usual.
Coffee & Tea Remove fresh stains from cotton and linen materials by first rinsing in
warm water then pouring boiling water from a height of 2 - 3 feet onto the stain.
Follow by washing in soapy water. If a trace remains, bleach in the sun, or with a
diaper wash/sanitiser container sodium percarbonate. Tea stains on cottons and
linens can also be removed by soaking in borax and water (1 Tbsp. borax in 1 c of
warm water).
Stains on wool and silk or any fabric may be sponged with lukewarm water, then
apply glycerine, rubbing lightly between the hands. Let stand for half an hour. Rinse
with warm water. If a grease spot remains from cream, sponge with dry cleaning
fluid.
Correction Fluid Purchase some Spray & Wipe from your supermarket, and use
concentrated on the stain. Most Spray & Wipe formula’s contain a solvent which will
dissolve the liquid paper. OR Try a little gasoline on the stain, with some good
absorbent paper or old cloth behind it. Then use some dishwash liquid or a good
quality laundry liquid to wash out the gasoline. OR Purchase some xylene, or
toluene, these are some of the solvents used in making the stuff. Use as if using the
gasoline. These are stocked by gasoline companies and you may be able to request a
small sample. Always test an inconspicuous piece of material before proceeding.
Deodorants & Antiperspirants Sponge dry fabric stain thoroughly with a laundry
pre-soak (spot stain remover) and warm water. Rinse. If some stain remains, use a
chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitiser container sodium
percarbonate. Antiperspirants may cause fabric damage and colour damage in some
dyes. Colour may be restored by sponging with ammonia. Dilute ammonia with an
equal volume of water for use on wool or silk. Rinse well.
Dyes & Running Colours These are difficult to remove and no one treatment is
successful in all cases. Immediate copious rinsing in tepid water, forcing the water
through the stain, is sometimes effective.
Washing and sunning will gradually bring results in some cases. Equal parts of
methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and ammonia may also succeed. White fabrics may
be bleached. Use chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitizer container
sodium per carbonate for linens and untreated cottons, hydrogen peroxide for silk,
wool and delicate fabrics.
Dye – Setting Common household salt can be used to "Set Dyes" at a rate of quarter
to half a cup per wash tub load. Leave to soak half an hour, rinse, then hang to dry.
Salt is a common additive to Laundry Powder formulations. Among it's many uses,
salt minimizes the risk of "running dyes" when laundering garments.
Egg Scrape away as much as possible. Sponge with lukewarm water. Never use hot
water, as heat hardens the stain. If this does not succeed, spread the stain with a
paste of cream of tartar and water, adding a crushed aspirin to the paste. Leave for

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20 - 30 minutes. Rinse well in warm water. OR use a diaper wash/sanitizer container
sodium percarbonate.
Fruit Juices & Berries Fresh stains are easy to remove, but once dry, they are very
obstinate. Treat with cool water first and follow up, if necessary, by soaking in a
chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitizer container sodium
percarbonate. Rinse.
White cottons and linens may be stretched over a basin and boiling water poured
through from a height. Any remaining stain may be removed with chlorinated
laundry bleach.
Coloured fabrics or washable silk, etc., may be soaked in a diaper wash/sanitiser
container sodium percarbonate or a warm borax solution (1 Tbsp. : 1 c water), or
covered with a paste of cream of tartar and warm water. Leave half and hour or until
stain goes, then rinse well.
For persistent stains apply equal quantities of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and
ammonia. Rinse well after treatment. This method is safe for all fabrics, except
triacetate (e.g. Tricel). Dilute mixture with an equal quantity of water for fabrics with
fugitive dyes. Old stains may be softened in glycerine before treatment. Damp stain,
apply glycerine, leave 1 - 2 hours, then add a few drops of vinegar, leave 5 - 10
minutes and rinse well.
Glues, Gums & Cellulose Adhesives Soaking in cool water will remove water-
soluble glues, e.g. casein glue. For waterproof varieties, use spirit solvent, e.g.
methylated spirits (wood alcohol) or amyl acetate (test before using on synthetic
fabrics). Artificial Nail glue can be removed used acetone (test on an inconspicuous
area first). Acetone evaporates quickly, so hold a wad of absorbant paper or soft cloth
against the glue, and soak the acetate through from the other side. (The glue soaks
on to the wad of absorbant)
Grass & Other Garden Foliage Soak in a solution of a chlorinated laundry bleach
or a diaper wash/sanitiser container sodium percarbonate. OR sponge with
methylated spirits (wood alcohol). Remove this with warm water and where possible
wash the article using Laundry powder or Liquid.
Ice Cream, Milk & Cream For washable materials, first sponge with lukewarm
water, then wash as usual. If the material is not washable, sponge with dry cleaning
fluid then with cold water.
Indelible Pencil Do not use water as this spreads the stain. Sponge over a pad of
soft cloth, using equal quantities of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and household
ammonia (test coloured fabrics first). Should the colours run, try methylated spirits
(wood alcohol) alone. Rinse or sponge with warm water.
Ink Because INKS differ in composition it is impossible to find removers that are
equally effective for all types of ink spots. The following is a range of suggestions from
which you can choose. The best treatment we have discovered is using a
D'limonene based product. (read our notes on each product HERE), however,
General Instructions using D'Limonene are:-Dry the stained area. Mix together 3
parts dishwash liquid with 1 part of D'limonene. Soak the stained area in this
solution for 10-15 minutes. After the soak time, rinse in water as hot as is suitable
for the fabric, then wash as usual, but preferrably with a Laundry Liquid. This
treatment may require repeating. Other treatments you can try include the
following...
Ballpoint Pen Ink: First, saturate material with an alcohol-based hair spray (this
seems to be a very popular method). The alcohol content in the hair spray will break
up the ink. Be sure to place an absorbent paper towel or rag under the stain to catch
the excess. You then need to blot the stain with a rag. Repeat the process until the
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stain is removed, then launder as usual. A word of caution before trying this method:
some fabrics may be damaged by the hair spray solution. If in doubt, test on an
inconspicuous area first, or consult with a professional dry cleaner.
Water Based Inks: Try an all-purpose cleaner instead of hair spray. Be sure to place
an absorbent paper towel or rag under the stain to catch the excess. You then need
to blot the stain with a rag. Repeat the process until the stain is removed, then
launder as usual. A word of caution before trying this method: some fabrics may be
damaged by the cleaning solution. If in doubt, test on an inconspicuous area first, or
consult with a professional dry cleaner.
NOTE: If the stain is still wet, apply an absorbent - french chalk, talcum powder,
starch or salt - to absorb excess ink and stop it from spreading. Continue this
treatment, removing the discoloured powder and applying fresh, until there no
further change is achieved. Alternatively, take up excess ink with blotting paper,
pressing fresh patches of blotter into the stain until it no longer discolours. Then
treat as required.
These suggestions are also suitable for dried writing ink, ball point pen, or marking
ink. Soak the stain in "sour" milk - this is an old fashioned, but effective method.
Fresh milk also works, but sour milk is faster. Sponge or dip the stain in equal
quantities of methylated spirits (wood alcohol) and household ammonia (test on
coloured fabrics first). Rinse in warm water. Rinse again in warm water containing a
little ammonia, then finally in fresh water. Sponge with pure Dettol. If not effective,
try iso-propyl alcohol or dry cleaning fluid (from chemist).

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Self Check 10.3-3
I. How will you treat the following stains?
1. Deodorants & Antiperspirants

2. Ballpoint Pen Ink
3. Fruit Juices & Berries
4. Ice Cream, Milk & Cream
5. Coffee & Tea
6. Blood
7. Candle Wax
8. Chewing Gum
9. Glues, Gums & Cellulose Adhesives
10. Correction Fluid

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Answers Key 10.3-3
1. Deodorants & Antiperspirants- sponge dry fabric stain thoroughly with a
laundry pre-soak (spot stain remover) and warm water. Rinse. If some stain
remains, use a chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitizer
container sodium percarbonate.
2. Ballpoint Pen Ink- First, saturate material with an alcohol-based hair spray
The alcohol content in the hair spray will break up the ink. Be sure to place an
absorbent paper towel or rag under the stain to catch the excess. You then
need to blot the stain with a rag. Repeat the process until the stain is removed,
then launder as usual.
3. Fruit Juices & Berries- Treat with cool water first and follow up, if necessary,
by soaking in a chlorinated laundry bleach or a diaper wash/sanitizer
container sodium percarbonate. Rinse.
4. Ice Cream, Milk & Cream- For washable materials, first sponge with
lukewarm water, then wash as usual. If the material is not washable, sponge
with dry cleaning fluid then with cold water.
5. Coffee & Tea-Remove fresh stains from cotton and linen materials by first
rinsing in warm water then pouring boiling water onto the stain. Follow by
washing in soapy water. If a trace remains, bleach in the sun.
6. Blood- If fresh, sponge with cool salted water and rinse with clear water.
Should stain persist, soak in a diaper wash/sanitiser from the supermarket
that contains sodium percarbonate - read the diaper wash/sanitiser label for
the chemical make-up of the product (may state sodium carbonate
peroxohydrate or oxygenated bleach).
7. Candle Wax- Candle wax and chewing gum can be effectively removed by
placing the object that has been stained into a freezer until the staining agent
is quite hard, and brittle, then the material can be literally shattered off the
object that has been stained.
8. Chewing Gum- Scrape away as much as possible first. Rubbing the stain with
ice will harden the gum and make this easier, especially on rugs and other
heavy materials. Refer further under
9. Glues, Gums & Cellulose Adhesives- Soaking in cool water will remove water-
soluble glues, e.g. casein glue. For waterproof varieties, use spirit solvent, e.g.
methylated spirits (wood alcohol) or amyl acetate (test before using on
synthetic fabrics). Artificial Nail glue can be removed used acetone (test on an
inconspicuous area first). Acetone evaporates quickly, so hold a wad of
absorbent paper or soft cloth against the glue, and soak the acetate through
from the other side. (The glue soaks on to the wad of absorbent)
10. Correction Fluid- Try a little gasoline on the stain, with some good
absorbent paper or old cloth behind it. Then use some dishwashing liquid or a
good quality laundry liquid to wash out the gasoline.
Follow These Safety Precautions in handling Stain removal
While many stain removal, chemicals and bleaches are commonly used around the
home, they are still dangerous. Some are flammable; others are toxic. Here are some
rules to keep in mind regarding their use:

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 Store stain removal materials out of the reach of children. Do not store with
food products.
recommendations.
 Use drycleaning solvents and other chemicals in a well-ventilated room. Toxic
 Never mix stain removal materials together (bleach and ammonia together form
toxic fumes).

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TASK SHEET 10.3-4
Title: Treating Stains
Performance Objective: Given a wash load with stain, you should be able to
follow the procedure in treating stains and practice occupational health and safety
in removing stains.
Supplies and Materials: stain remover
1. Blot up any excess liquid with a clean white cloth, paper, or other towels.
Remove excess solids by gentle scraping or chipping with a dull knife or
metal spatula. With some solids such as heavy amounts of surface mud
removal may be easier after the stain has dried. Excess can be brushed off
before the clothing is submerged for washing.
2. Avoid rubbing the stained area with a linty terry towel or a dark-colored
cloth. You may complicate the problem.
3. Never rub a fresh stain with bar soap. Soap sets many stains.
4. Decide if the fabric is washable or drycleanable. If drycleanable, take to the
cleaners as soon as possible (within 24 to 48 hours).
5. Do not try to treat suede, leather, or fur. Professional cleaners are needed
for these items, and even some professionals do not offer this service.
6. Avoid using hot water on stains of unknown origin. Hot water can set
protein stains such as milk, egg, or blood.
7. Test stains removal agents on a seam or hidden area of the garment to be
sure it does not affect the color or finish of the fabric before starting on the
stain.
8. Avoid excessive rubbing unless fabric is tough and durable. Rubbing can
spread the stain and damage the fiber, finish, or color.
9. Do not iron or press stained fabrics. Heat will set most stains.
10. Check laundry for stains before washing. Many stains need
pretreatment.
11. Inspect wet laundry before drying to be sure stain has been removed.
If a stain is still evident, do not dryer dry. The heat of drying will tend to
make the stain more permanent.
12. Wash heavily soiled items separately. During laundering soil is broken
into smaller particles and can be redeposited on cleaner clothing if
insufficient detergent is used, water temperature is too,low, washing time
too long, or washer is overloaded with too many clothes.
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TASK SHEET 10.3-4
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……….
1. Blot up any excess liquid with a clean white cloth, paper, or

other towels?
2. Avoid rubbing the stained area with a linty terry towel or a
dark-colored cloth?
3. Not rub a fresh stain with bar soap?
4. Avoid using hot water on stains of unknown origin.
5. Test stain removal agents on a seam or hidden area of the

garment to be sure it does not affect the color or finish of the
fabric before starting on the stain?
6. Avoid excessive rubbing unless fabric is tough and durable?
7. Check wet laundry before drying to be sure stain has been

removed?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Principles and Procedure in Drying Clothes
1. Follow the principles and procedure in drying clothes.
PROCEDURE:
Drying with Dryers:

Supplies and Materials needed: Drying Machine
1. Check the condition of the washing machine before using. Test whether it is in
working condition. Keep clean the lint screen and drier drum.
2. Put into machine just enough quantity of linen such that it will not occupy the
whole drier drum.
Over loading causes uneven drying and wrinkling and can damage the
machine.
3. Select the right drying cycle and setting
 Automatic for towels and linens which do not require pressing or are not
hard to press.
 Damp Dry for flat sheets, pillow cases, items which requires hard
pressing.
 Fluff Air Cycles to prevent shrinkage, especially for bed pads, comforters
and blankets.
4. Strictly follow manual instructions of the machine.
5. Clean the machine after using and proper storage is required.
Principles in Sun drying Clothes, linen and Fabrics
1. Separate clothes, linen and fabrics which are sundry or machine dry.
2. Sundry items to the clothesline; hanger for clothes, clothesline for linens.
3. Fluff towels and linens to prevent shrinkage.
4. Always refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in drying.

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Self Check 10.3-5
TRUE OR FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement
is wrong
4. Never refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in drying.

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Answer Key 10.3-5
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE

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JOB SHEET 10.3-5
Title: Principles and Procedure in drying clothes
Follow the principles and procedure in drying clothes.
Supplies and Materials: Clothes, linen and fabrics, clothesline
1. Check the condition of the washing machine before using. Test whether it is
in working condition. Keep clean the lint screen and drier drum.
2. Put into machine just enough quantity of linen such that it will not occupy
the whole drier drum.
a. Over loading causes uneven drying and wrinkling and can damage the
machine.
 Automatic for towels and linens which do not require pressing or are
not hard to press.
 Damp Dry for flat sheets, pillow cases, items which requires hard
pressing.
 Fluff Air Cycles to prevent shrinkage, especially for bed pads,
comforters and blankets.

4. Always refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in drying.

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OPERATION SHEET 10.3-5
CRITERIA YES NO
1. The condition of the washing machine was check before using.
2. Enough quantity of linen was put into machine
3. Didn’t over load the machine that causes uneven drying and
wrinkling and can damage the machine.

1. Separate clothes, linen and fabrics which are sundry
2. Sundry items to the clothesline; hanger for clothes,

clothesline for linens.
4. Refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in

drying.
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Tips in Ironing and Pressing Clothes
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET you must be able to;
1. Discuss reminders in ironing and pressing clothes linen and fabrics.
Ironing Clothes - The Easy Way

After you have chosen the right iron for yourself, it is now time to learn ironing the
easy way. Most people do not enjoy ironing clothes. However, the reluctance of many
to iron clothes is simply caused by a failure of understanding how to iron clothes
properly. Here are a few steps just for you:
 Always ensure that you use an ironing board to iron your clothes.
 Before you ever begin to iron, always follow the instructions that are given in
the garment. And adjust the settings in the iron appropriately.
 Use high heat for cotton and linen. Cotton mixes and wool are ironed on a
medium level. Use a low setting for silk, nylon, polyester, and other like fabrics.
 If you are using a steam iron, make sure there is the proper amount of water
inside.
 When you actually begin to iron, take your time to ensure the garment has
been stretched flat across the ironing board. This will save you some time in
terms of re-ironing wrinkles that you put in.
 Always remember to keep the iron moving. Stopping at any point could burn
your clothing.
 When ironing shirts always pay special attention to collars and the sleeves.
 If you plan to iron pants, then put the pants legs parallel to the board, with
both of them headed in the same direction. Iron each leg without damaging the
current creases.
 Spray some perfume to make you clothes smell good before ironing.
Ironing clothes is really a delicate process. But you can make it enjoyable by learning
the right tricks.
Tips for crease free clothes for office

Keeping oneself neat and good looking especially to office is very important. Most
offices today have formal dress codes during the weekdays. Ironing of clothes is an
important task here. Clothes look untidy and old if not ironed, especially cotton,
linen and other similar fabrics. Here are examples of a few fabrics and how to
manage them:
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Cotton: Cotton fabrics should be dried flat and not wrung to retain its original shape.
Iron cotton clothes in high temperature.
Linen: Linen is a natural material and can easily get misshapen when wet. To restore
the garment to its original shape, iron it with a hot steam iron. To keep its sheen,
iron the garment on the reverse side.
Viscose: Viscose is a natural material and can easily get misshapen when wet. To
restore the garment easily to its original shape, iron it with a steam iron.
Silk: Silk is a very delicate material and should be treated with care. Use a detergent
for delicates when washing silk and do not stretch the garment while wet. Use the
lowest temperature to iron silk fabrics.
Wool: Often, airing woolen garments is enough. Use a detergent for delicates when
you do wash them. Iron after washing to restore the natural sheen.

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Self Check 10.3-6
I. Indicate the temperature of the flat iron of the following clothes, linen and
fabrics in pressing or ironing.
1. Cotton -
2. Linen -
3. Viscose -
4. Silk-
5. Wool -

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Answer key 10.2-6
1. Cotton: high temperature.

2. Linen: hot steam iron
3. Viscose: iron it with a steam iron.
4. Silk: lowest temperature
5. Wool Iron in medium level

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Ironing Clothes
1. Follow the procedure in ironing clothes (Dress/Polo shirts)
PROPER WAY OF IRONING:
Dresses/Shirts
 Iron the decoration collar, belt and sleeves first before ironing the body of
the dress, these parts may be ironed again to smooth out the wrinkles
which may have formed when the other parts of the dress were being ironed.
You may spray with ironing aid for easy ironing the clothes.
PROCEDURE:
1. Iron the collar from the pointed end to the center.
2. Sleeves are ironed starting from the seam to the lower portion and upward.

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3. Insert the shoulder of the dress at the end portion of the ironing board and iron
it. Press also the arm hole of the garment.
4. Insert the whole dress into the ironing board and iron the wrist line. Press first
the front part before the back part of the garment.
5. Pull the garment downward and press the skirt, iron the hem of the dress
carefully.
6. Go over the parts which are wrinkled. 7. Place garment on hanger; close only
one button.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-5
Title: Ironing clothes
Performance Objective: Given a clothes (Dress or polo shirts), you should be able
to follow the procedure in ironing clothes.
Supplies and Materials: Clothes, linen and fabrics, clothesline
Equipment: Flat iron, ironing board, sprayer
1. Iron the collar from the pointed end to the center.
2. Sleeves are ironed starting from the seam to the lower portion and upward.
3. Insert the shoulder of the dress at the end portion of the ironing board and
iron it. Press also the arm hole of the garment.
4. Insert the whole dress into the ironing board and iron the wrist line. Press
first the front part before the back part of the garment.
5. Pull the garment downward and press the skirt, iron the hem of the dress
carefully.
6. Go over the parts which are wrinkled.
7. Place garment on hanger; close only one button.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-5
CRITERIA YES NO
1. Collar was ironed from the pointed end to the center.
2. Sleeves are ironed starting from the seam to the lower

portion and upward.
3. Shoulder of the dress is inserted at the end portion of the

ironing board and iron including the arm hole of the
garment.
4. Pressed first the front part before the back part of the
garment.
5. The skirt and hem was ironed carefully.
6. Checked the clothes if there are still wrinkled.
7. The garment was hang on a hanger one button closed
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Ironing Long Sleeves
Learning Objective: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be able to;
1. Follow the procedure in ironing long sleeves
Procedure:
1. Iron the collar

Start with the underside of the collar, working from the center out to the points to
avoid creasing. Flip the shirt over, and repeat on the outside of the collar.
Tip: Always put your iron on the recommended setting for the shirt's material
(cotton, linen, poly-blend). When in doubt, use the lowest setting.
2. Iron the shoulders

Secure one shoulder over the narrow end of the board and iron from the yoke (the
point where the collar meets the arm and the body of the shirt) to the center of the
back. Repeat on the other shoulder.
Tip: Spray hard-to-smooth wrinkles with a little water, then iron over the area again.

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3. Iron the cuffs and sleeves
Lay one sleeve flat on the board with buttons or cuff-link holes facing up. Iron the
inside of the cuff first, then flip the sleeve over to iron the outside of the cuff. Next,
iron the sleeve, beginning with the front side. Repeat with the other sleeve.
4. Iron the front and back

Iron both front panels, then flip the shirt over and iron the back. Use a spritz of water
for any stubborn wrinkles.
5. Iron between the buttons
Next, tackle the placket (the panel where the buttons are). Take care to iron between
the buttons; ironing over them can break buttons or scratch your iron's plate.
Tip: Hang the shirt immediately after ironing to keep new wrinkles from forming (and don't
forget to unplug your iron).

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TASK SHEET 10.3-6
Title: Ironing long sleeves
Performance Objective: Given a clothes (Long sleeves ), you should be able to
follow the procedure in ironing long sleeves
Supplies and Materials: Long sleeves, hanger
1. Iron the collar
2. Iron the shoulders
3. Iron the cuffs and sleeves
4. Iron the front and back
5. Iron between the buttons

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TASK SHEET 10.3-6
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you….
1. Follow the procedure in ironing the collar?
2. Follow the procedure ironing the shoulders?
3. Follow the procedure in ironing the cuffs and sleeves?
4. Follow the procedure in ironing the front and back?
5. Follow the procedure in ironing between the buttons?
6. Hang the clothes with one button closed?

Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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HOW TO IRON A PAIR OF PANTS

STEP 1:
Iron pockets
Turn pants wrong side out. Place or hold
pockets over tapered end of ironing
board and iron.
STEP 2:
Iron Top Sections
Iron wrong side out. Position top of pants
around tapered end of ironing board. Start
by ironing the placket as shown in photo.
Rotate pants around the board toward you
as you iron (top section, waistband, top
section, waistband, etc.) Iron in the
direction of the waistband, pressing each
dart in the direction it is sewn down at the
waistband (normally toward center of
back / front).
STEP 3:
Iron Pant Legs. ***No Crease***
Seam Definitions
Photo at left is an overlock seam. It has a
margin that you can grab.
Directly below the overlock seam is a flat-
fell seam. These are sewn flat with no
margin to grab. It is common to see an
overlock seam on an outside pant leg and
a flat-fell seam on the inner leg.

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If one of the seams is a flat fell seam, iron next to
it first. Lay pant leg on ironing board so that the
flat fell seam is two or three inches from the edge
of the pant leg as shown. This is so that it is not
laying directly over the seam underneath. Iron a
couple inches of fabric on both sides of the seam,
nestling the iron up to the seam, but not on top of
it. Be careful not to crease the edge, but if you
cannot avoid this, you can iron it out when you
iron the other seam.
For an overlock seam, position pants leg on

ironing board with the overlock seam closest to
you. Because pants are fuller in the back, it is
necessary to smooth the extra fabric away from
this seam so that you have a smooth surface to
iron. Make sure there are no wrinkles underneath.
Allow opposite leg to hang over the side. Iron as
much fabric as possible without creasing opposite
edge. If the other seam is also an overlock seam,
flip pants over and repeat this step.
Inspect seams for twisting and iron flat in the

directions that they are sewn down at hem. This
step is optional; however pants will hang better.
STEP 4:
Iron Pant Legs - *** Crease ***

In the construction of garments, many times
several layers of sections are stacked and cut
together. There can be a variance from the top
piece and the bottom if matched together. When
purchasing a quality pair of pants, they should
measure the same amount across each leg. You
can inspect this by folding legs together and then
smoothing the fabric from one seam to the other.
Any difference will cause problems in getting a
nice center crease.
Pants which are purchased can also sometimes be

improperly aligned at the time of setting that
factory crease. When purchasing a quality pair of
pants, align the seams at the hem and determine if
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the crease is symmetrical, that it leads to either a
pleat, belt loop, or center back. There is no set
guide because different styles have varying
fullness. You likely will notice anything obviously
wrong. Certain treatments are given to purchase
clothing to give garments that crisp look. After a
few washings, these properties can diminish. To
make the most of your investment, follow care
labels when laundering. Sizing and starches offer a
great benefit. Follow their manufacturer directions.
While holding the hem so that the seams stay

aligned, grab the top of the pant either at a pleat
for pleated pants, belt loops or center back for
plain front pants. Place one leg on the ironing
board with the other leg resting over Extension Arm
as shown.
Feel the pant leg along seam line making sure that
the two seams are directly on top of each other. It
is often necessary to pinch one thickness of the
fabric at opposite sides and opposite layers and
shift it until the seams match. Press using a burst
of steam feature if your iron has one. Start at the
hem and work toward the seat. When finished
with one leg, place other on top, remove, reverse,
and repeat for other leg. Hang on pant hanger that
has enough roundness to minimize a crosswise
crease OR hang from hem.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-7
Title: Ironing Pair of pants

Performance Objective: Given a a pair of pants, you should be able to follow the
procedure in ironing pants.
Supplies and Materials: Pair of pants, hanger
1. Iron pockets Turn pants wrong side out. Place or hold pockets over
tapered end of ironing board and iron.
2. Iron Top Sections. Iron wrong side out. Position top of pants around
tapered end of ironing board. Start by ironing the placket.
3. Rotate pants around the board toward you as you iron (top section,
waistband, top section, waistband, etc.) Iron in the direction of the
waistband, pressing each dart in the direction it is sewn down at the
waistband
4. Iron Pant Legs. Lay pant leg on ironing board so that the flat fell seam is
two or three inches from the edge of the pant leg. Iron a couple inches of
fabric on both sides of the seam, nestling the iron up to the seam, but
not on top of it. Be careful not to crease the edge, but if you cannot avoid
this, you can iron it out when you iron the other seam.
5. While holding the hem so that the seams stay aligned, grab the top of the
pant either at a pleat for pleated pants, belt loops or center back for plain
front pants. Place one leg on the ironing board with the other leg resting
over Extension Arm.
6. Feel the pant leg along seam line making sure that the two seams are
directly on top of each other. It is often necessary to pinch one thickness
of the fabric at opposite sides and opposite layers and shift it until the
seams match. Press using a burst of steam feature if your iron has one.
7. Start at the hem and work toward the seat. When finished with one leg,
place other on top, remove, reverse, and repeat for other leg. Hang on
pant hanger that has enough roundness to minimize a crosswise crease
or hang from hem.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-9
CRITERIA YES NO
 Pockets and waist band are properly ironed
 Ironed seams correctly
 Seams are stay aligned
 No double creases on legs

Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Ironing Pleated Skirts
1. Follow the procedure in Ironing pleated skirts
Procedure:
1. Slide the skirt onto the ironing board with the waist at the narrow end.
Arrange group of pleats and hold in place or pin to the board as you iron
in long strokes from top to bottom. Don’t iron over pins. Start by ironing
the waistband and work down to where the pleats begin. Rotate the skirt
around the ironing board until you come full circle.
2. Straighten the pleats flat against the ironing board, stretching the
material taut with your hand. If they are too wrinkled or unruly, use
straight pins to secure several pleats at a time directly to the board.
3. Starting at the hemline of the skirt, slide the iron upward toward the
waistband, one pleat at a time.

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4. Raise the iron a few inches above each pleat and shoot a burst of steam.
Allow each pleat to cool on the board before continuing on to next pleat.
This will ensure that the previously ironed pleat is not re-wrinkled.
5. Hang the skirt on a pants hanger by the waistline in a dry area. Allow it
to completely dry from the ironing and steaming before wearing.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-8
Title: Ironing pleated skirts
Performance Objective: Given a pleated skirts, you should be able to follow the
procedure in ironing pleated skirts
Supplies and Materials: Pleated skirts, hanger
1. Slide the skirt onto the ironing board with the waist at the narrow end.
Arrange group of pleats and hold in place or pin to the board as you iron in
long strokes from top to bottom. Don’t iron over pins. Start by ironing the
waistband and work down to where the pleats begin. Rotate the skirt
around the ironing board until you come full circle.
2. Straighten the pleats flat against the ironing board, stretching the material
taut with your hand. If they are too wrinkled or unruly, use straight pins to
secure several pleats at a time directly to the board.
3. Starting at the hemline of the skirt, slide the iron upward toward the
waistband, one pleat at a time.
4. Raise the iron a few inches above each pleat and shoot a burst of steam.
Allow each pleat to cool on the board before continuing on to next pleat.
This will ensure that the previously ironed pleat is not re-wrinkled.
5. Hang the skirt on a pants hanger by the waistline in a dry area. Allow it to
completely dry from the ironing and steaming before wearing.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-8
CRITERIA YES NO
 Pleats are in original position
 No double creases
 Hanged carefully
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Ironing Sequined Garments
1. Follow the procedure in ironing sequined garments.
PROCEDURE:
1. Turn the item inside out and place it carefully on the ironing board with the
sequins (beads) faced down on the towel. Put a pressing cloth on top and press
with the iron on gentle setting.
Ironing a Gown
1. Empty all water from the iron. Any water that leaks out could leave a mark on
the gown.
2. Set iron to a medium heat with no steam.
3. Lay a thick towel on the ironing board if your dress has any decoration on it
such as beading or lace.
4. Turn the gown inside out and lay it on the ironing board. Or, you can leave the
gown right-side out and lay a clean piece of white cloth between the gown and
the iron.
5. Press the bodice.
6. Press the sleeves. Wear a pressing mitt and slide your hand into the sleeve.
Iron the sleeve against the mitt. If you don't have a pressing mitt, you can use
a clean hot pad instead.
7. Stuff tissue paper into the sleeves to help them remain wrinkle-free if you don't
plan on wearing it soon.
8. Press the skirt.
9. Hang the gown in a doorway a safe place to keep it wrinkle-free. If you need to
transport the gown, place it in a garment bag.
Ironing Velvet
1. Hang the gown inside out.
2. Use a steamer or the steam setting on an iron.
3. Test a small area first using the following steps.
4. Hold the iron or steamer about half an inch from the fabric. Remember, you
will be steaming the back of the velvet.
5. Wave the iron or steamer over the fabric slowly.

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6. Inspect both sides of the fabric. If there is no damage, continue steaming small
sections of the velvet.
TASK SHEET 10.3-9

Title: Ironing beaded or sequined garments
Performance Objective: Given a beaded garments , you should be able to follow
the procedure in ironing beaded/sequined garments
Supplies and Materials: sequined garments, hanger
1. Turn the item inside out and place it carefully on the ironing board with
the sequins (beads) faced down on the towel.
2. Put a pressing cloth on top and press with the iron on gentle setting.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-9
CRITERIA YES NO
 Ironed dress with beads correctly
 Used towel to iron beaded part
 No damage on beads
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Types of Hangers and Their Uses
1. Identify types of hangers and their uses.
Hangers are great for keeping clothing off the floor, but they can protect your clothes
from damage as well. Different types are used for different purposes.
Hangers with wire hooks and wooden bodies are usually used for hanging more
substantial items such as pants, jackets, or suits. Some are even curved to keep the
lines of sports coats, blazers, and jackets smooth. There are hangers that come with
a clip on each end that are perfect for hanging skirts or slacks. This style can also be
used for hanging strapless items.
Padded hangers are perfect for hanging delicate clothing or lingerie. Usually covered
in satin or velvet, padded hangers are also available in scented varieties. They are a
practical, pretty way to replace sachets in your closet and keep clothing smelling
fresh.
There are even specially designed hangers for ties, scarves, belts and other
accessories. Tie hangers are usually constructed from wood with several clips lined
up across the lower rung so ties can be hung up easily. Belt hangers are similar in
design, with hooks instead of clips, to help keep belts in place. Scarf hangers are
often made from wood with several holes drilled through the body of the hanger;
scarves are simply slipped through the holes.
Mini hangers are available in metal and wire, coated wire, wood, or plastic, and they
are designed especially for hanging children's clothing. They come in many colors,
and using different colors is a great way to help children learn how to sort their
clothes. For example, red can be used for short-sleeved shorts, while blue might
indicate long sleeves or sweaters.

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Top 7 Styles of Hangers and Their Uses
1. Plastic Hangers Commercial plastic hangers are generally available in white,

black or clear plastic. The quality will run from lightweight, almost flimsy, plastic to
the super heavyweight. It use for clothing that are to be put in the dresser.
3. Metal or wire hangers are great for everyday use, but you should not use metal or
wire hangers to hang damp clothing up to dry. The wire can rust and leave stains
on your clothing. Instead, you would probably choose plastic, or coated wire
hangers, which are treated with a vinyl coating to protect your garments; some
even have a non-slip surface to keep delicate items from sliding off the hanger. For
dry garments.
4. Wooden HangersClassic wood hangers are available in a natural finish with

chrome hardware or the higher end teak wood with brass hardware. Wood hanger
styles include coat hangers with or without wooden bars, hangers with metal rods
or lock bars on a spring to prevent pants from sliding.
5. Tubular Hangers All-purpose tubular molded hangers are the type also
available to consumers and found in many homes. They come in a large variety of
colors. Using colored hangers may increase sales appeal.
6. Padded Hangers
Not only does a cloth covered hanger protect delicate garments, the padded hanger is
usually covered with satin and therefore a pretty way to display lingerie or other
clothing. The padding helps to prevent slipping and assists in preserving the shape of
the garment.

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7. Specialty Hangers
Notched hangers are perfect for items with straps. Skirt/slacks hangers have metal
or plastic clips on a metal rod which prevent sliding. Another type of specialty hanger
is the salesman’s hanger. These strong, chrome hangers feature a space-saving style
and are ideal for trade-shows or salespeople transporting garments.
7. Hanger Accessories
Hanger markers, cardboard tubes and other hanger accessories help retailers keep
their merchandise neat and tidy while creating an appealing display. Instead of
purchasing different types of specialty hangers, piggyback connectors can be used on
most any hanger to allow two garments to be displayed together. Soft plastic clips
can attach easily to most hangers with notched tops. Also, foam hanger covers or
strips can be placed on most any plastic or wooden hanger to prevent items from
slipping

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Self Check 10.3-12
State what kind of hanger and their uses in the picture below:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

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Answer key 10.3-12
1. Padded hanger for lingerie

2. Plastic hanger for dresses
3. Specialty hanger for pants and linens
4. Specialty hanger or notch for straps for women
5. Metal hanger for skirts or pants

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Folding Long Sleeves
1. Follow the procedure in folding long sleeve shirts.
Shirt folding board method for long sleeve shirts:
1. Button shirt. Spread shirt face 2. Fold left sleeve across the board. Use
down on a smooth surface. Center the Folding Board's edge as the fold
folding board below the shirt's back guide.
collar.
3 Angle left sleeve fold along shirt’s 4. Fold right sleeve across the board.
body.
5. Angle right sleeve along shirt’s 6. Fold tail upward, below the
body. shoulders.
7. Remove the shirt folding board 8. Flip shirt over. Bingo! A crisp fold,
from the fold. every time.

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Self –Check 10.3-10
TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement
is incorrect.
1. Spread shirt face down on a smooth surface.

2. Fold tail downward, below the shoulders.
3. Fold right sleeve across the board.
4. You can fold shirt unbuttoned

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Answer Key 10.3-10
1. TRUE
2. FALSE
3. TRUE
4. FALSE

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TASK SHEET 10.3-10
Title: Folding long sleeves shirts
Performance Objective: Given a long sleeves shirts , you should be able to follow
the procedure in folding long sleeves shirts
Supplies and Materials: long sleeves shirts, hanger, sprayer
Equipment: Flat iron, ironing board
1. Button shirt. Spread shirt face down on a smooth surface. Center folding
board below the shirt's back collar.
2. Fold left sleeve across the board. Use the Folding Board's edge as the fold
guide.
3. Angle left sleeve fold along shirt’s body.
5. Angle right sleeve along shirt’s body.
6. Fold tail upward, below the shoulders.
7. Remove the shirt folding board from the fold.
8. Flip shirt over.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-10
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……
1. Button shirt?
2. Spread shirt face down on a smooth surface?
3. Fold left sleeve across the board?
4. Angle left sleeve fold along shirt’s body?

5. Fold right sleeve across the board?
6. Angle right sleeve along shirt’s body?

7. Fold tail upward, below the shoulders?
8. Remove the shirt folding board from the fold?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Folding a Shirt
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, YOU MUST be able to;
1. Follow the procedure in folding a shirt.
Fold a shirt in the same manner as a professional laundry. This will keep your shirt
in great condition and makes it easy to place on the shelves for storage before
wearing.
STEPS
1. Button the top button and the third button.

2. Lay the shirt face-down on the folding surface. You should be looking at the
back of your shirt.
3. Smooth out any puckers or wrinkles, so the shirt is flat front and back.
4. The first fold is the right side. Fold about one-third of the body toward the
center of the shirt. The fold line starts at the center of the shoulder and ends at
the tail. You should see the back of your shirt with about one-third of the front
folded to the back.
5. Neatly fold the sleeve forward, creating an angled fold at the shoulder. The
sleeve should line up with the edge of the first body fold.
6. Fold the left side in the same manner.
7. Make a fold of several inches of the shirt tail.
8. Fold up the bottom half of the partially folded shirt. The tail should be just
behind the collar of the shirt now.
9. Turn the entire shirt over. You should have a neatly folded shirt as you
typically see at a professional laundry or clothing store.

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Self Check 10.3-15
is incorrect.
1. If you fold the sleeve of the shirt you should line up with the edge of the
first body fold.
2. You should be looking at the back of your shirt if you fold it.
3. In folding a shirt you should first fold the left side.
4. The fold line starts at the center of the shoulder and ends at the tail.

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Answer Key 10.3-15
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE

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TASK SHEET 10.3-12
Title: Folding a shirt
Performance Objective: Given a shirt, you should be able to follow the
procedure in folding a shirt
Supplies and Materials: shirts, hanger, sprayer
Equipment:
1. Lay the shirt face-down on the folding surface. You should be looking at the
back of your shirt.
2. Smooth out any puckers or wrinkles, so the shirt is flat front and back.
3. The first fold is the right side. Fold about one-third of the body toward the
center of the shirt. The fold line starts at the center of the shoulder and ends
at the tail. You should see the back of your shirt with about one-third of the
front folded to the back.
4. Neatly fold the sleeve forward, creating an angled fold at the shoulder. The
sleeve should line up with the edge of the first body fold.
5. Fold the left side in the same manner.
6. Make a fold of several inches of the shirt tail.
7. Fold up the bottom half of the partially folded shirt. The tail should be just
behind the collar of the shirt now.
8. Turn the entire shirt over. You should have a neatly folded shirt as you
typically see at a professional laundry or clothing store.

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TASK SHEET 10.3-12
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…..
1. Lay the shirt face-down on the folding surface. You should be
looking at the back of your shirt?
2. Smooth out any puckers or wrinkles, so the shirt is flat front
and back?
3. Fold the right side at about one-third of the body toward the
center of the shirt?
4. Neatly fold the sleeve forward, creating an angled fold at the
shoulder?
5. Fold the left side in the same manner?

6. Make a fold of several inches of the shirt tail?
7. Fold up the bottom half of the partially folded shirt?
8. Turn the entire shirt over and a neatly folded shirt?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

Folding a Pair of Pants

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Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET YOU MUST, be able
to;
1. Follow the procedure in folding a pair of pants.
To store pants neatly in drawers - without all the wrinkles - line up the seams and
stack pants neatly.
Instructions
1. Lay pants face-up on flat
surface.
2. Fold lengthwise so that

outer and inner seams and
cuffs are lined up.
3. Fold up bottom of cuff up to

top of back pocket.
4. Fold up once more, bringing

the bottom of the fold to the
top of that back pocket
Self Check 10.3-14

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1. Give the procedure in folding a pair of pants.

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Answer Key 10.3-14
1. Lay pants face-up on flat surface.

2. Fold lengthwise so that outer and inner seams and cuffs are lined up.
3. Fold up bottom of cuff up to top of back pocket.
4. Fold up once more, bringing the bottom of the fold to the top of that back
pocket

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TASK SHEET 10.3-11
Title: Folding a pair of pants
Performance Objective: Given a a pair of pants , you should be able to follow the
procedure in folding pants
Supplies and Materials: ladies pants or men’s pants, hanger, sprayer
Equipment:
1. Lay pants face-up on flat surface.
2. Fold lengthwise so that outer and inner seams and cuffs are lined up.
3. Fold up bottom of cuff up to top of back pocket.
4. Fold up once more, bringing the bottom of the fold to the top of that back
pocket

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TASK SHEET 10.3-14
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…….
1. Lay pants face-up on flat surface?
2. Fold lengthwise so that outer and inner seams and cuffs
are lined up?
3. Fold up bottom of cuff up to top of back pocket?
4. Fold up once more, bringing the bottom of the fold to the
top of that back pocket?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________
LEARNING OUTCOME # 4 PACKAGE AND STORE LAUNDRY ITEMS

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CONTENTS:
1. Procedures in packaging and presenting guest laundry
2. Procedures in storing guest laundry in accordance with establishment
standards or guest request
3. Delivery of laundry items
4. Basic housekeeping phraseologies
1. Guest laundry is packaged and presented in accordance with
establishment standards and procedures
2. Finished items are returned to guest in accordance with required
timeframes
3. Processed guest laundry is stored where required, according to guest
requests or where return to guest is not possible
CONDITION:
2. EQUIPMENTS
flat iron
steam pressers
ironing board
sorting shelves
3. TOOLS
labeller
hangers
laundry baskets
pen and paper
report forms
ASSESSMENT METHOD:
Observation
Interview
Written examination
Demonstration of practical skills

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Learning Outcome 3: PACKAGE AND STORE LAUNDRY ITEMS
Special Instructions
 Read information sheets 10.4-1 If you have some problem on the
on content of the information sheet, don’t
Packaging and presenting guest
laundry If you feel that you are now
Answer self check 10.4-1 Compare answer with the answer key

activities
 Read the information sheet 10.4-2 If you have some problem on the
on content of the information sheet, don’t
Delivery of laundry items If you feel that you are now
Answer self check 10.4-2 Compare answer with the answer key

activities
Procedure in storing guest laundry

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Compare answer with the answer key
 Answer Self check 10.4-3

activities

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Packaging and presenting guest laundry
Learning objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be

able to;
1. Follow the procedure in packaging and presenting guest laundry.
Procedure:
1. Fold all processed laundry Items. Hang those that need to be hanged.
Cover it with plastic cover
2. Record all finished items for delivery and note down damages if any
3. Deliver all items and have the records acknowledged by the guard on
duty at the laundry area.

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Self Check 10.4-1

1. Why do you cover plastic the processed laundry items?
2. Why do we need to note damages if any?

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Answer key 10.4-1
1. To prevent dust that will contaminate the item.

2. To avoid complaints of guest

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TASK SHEET 10.4-1
Title: Procedure in Packaging and presenting guest laundry
Performance Objective: Given a guest laundry you must be able to follow the
procedure in packaging and presenting guest laundry.
Supplies and Materials: Several dresses
Equipment: Laundry cart
1. Fold all processed laundry Items. Hang those that need to be hanged. Cover
it with plastic cover
2. Record all finished items for delivery and note down damages if any
3. Deliver all items and have the records acknowledged by the guard on duty at
the laundry area.

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JOB SHEET 10.3-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you…..
1. Neatly folded delivery items?
2. Hang items properly before presenting to the guest?
3. Record finished items and damages, if any?
4. Follow safety procedures in delivering guest laundry?
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Delivery of laundry items
1. Follow the procedure in delivering laundry items.
Procedure:
1. Delivery of the laundry items is depends on cash or to be charge in the hotel
bills. If the guest is on cash basis, laundry clerk prepares a voucher to be
attached to the item for billing. Refer to Laundry voucher form. Payment
must be made upon delivery of the items. If it is charge to hotel bills, the
voucher will be attached to his hotel folder bills to be settled later.
MINI HOTEL
LAUNDRY VOUCHER
Voucher No. 1
(Partial list of items only)
Name Guest: Room No. Date/Time:
Mr. Juan Dela Cruz 203 September 30, 2006. 8:30 AM
Guest Hotel Articles Price Total Damages if any
Count Count Amount
FOR PRESSING (partial list)
2 2 Suit 35.00 70.00
2 2 Trousers 40.00 80.00
1 1 Jacket 35.00 35.00
2 2 Barong Tagalog 50.00 100.00
3 3 Shirt Long Sleeves 50.00 150.00
2 2 Sport Shirt 45.00 90.00
1 1 Vest 25.00 25.00
1 1 Necktie 5.00 5.00
FOR WASHING OR DRY CLEANING
2 2 Suit 35.00 70.00
2 2 Trousers 35.00 70.00
1 1 Jacket 25.00 25.00
2 2 Barong Tagalog 20.00 40.00
2 2 Sport shirt 20.00 20.00
1 1 Vest 10.00 10.00
1 1 Necktie 5.00 5.00
Remarks or instructions Total P _795.00
from guest Extra charge ________
Suit (Dry Cleaning) Sub Total ________
Trousers (Dry Cleaning Sales tax ________
Barong Tagalog (Hand Service charge 10 % __79.50
wash) Total Charge P 874.50
The rest are for machine
wash.
Legend: Yellow colored- Filled up by Guest
2. The processed items will be delivered to the guest. If the guest is around, he is
asked to sign in the delivery logbook for acknowledgment. Then the bill will be
presented to him for settlement.

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3. If the guest is not around, the housekeeping supervisor acknowledged by
signing in the logbook.
4. If the room is on “Do not Disturb” sign (DND) and said item is on special
service, a notification is placed in the guest’s room through the door, (another
copy to the front office) notifying him that an attempt to deliver his laundry was
made while he is on DND.
5. Undelivered items are brought back to the laundry area to be redelivered upon
arrival of the guest.

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Self Check 10.4-2
is incorrect.
1. Payment of laundered items can be paid in cash or check upon delivery.

3. Undelivered items are kept at the front desk.
4. If the room is on DND sign the said item is on special service

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Answer Key 10.4-2
1. TRUE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
4. TRUE

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JOB SHEET 10.4-2
Title: Delivery of laundry items
procedure in delivery of laundry items.
Equipment: Laundry cart
1. Prepare voucher to be attached to the item for billing, if the guest is on cash
basis.
2. If it is charge to hotel bills, the voucher will be attached to his hotel folder
bills to be settled later.
3. The processed items will be delivered to the guest. If the guest is around, he
is asked to sign in the delivery logbook for acknowledgment. Then the bill
will be presented to him for settlement

5. If the room is on “Do not Disturb” sign (DND) and said item is on special
service, a notification is placed in the guest’s room through the door,
(another copy to the front office) notifying him that an attempt to deliver his
laundry was made while he is on DND.
6. Undelivered items are brought back to the laundry area to be redelivered

upon arrival of the guest.

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JOB SHEET 10.4-2
CRITERIA YES NO
Did you……
 Checked delivery items if cash basis or not?
 Asked the guest to sign in the delivery logbook for
acknowledgment, if the guest is around?
 Returned finish items to guest in accordance with required
timeframes?
 Stored processed guest laundries according to guest requests?
 Filled the guest laundry voucher.
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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Laundry Voucher Form
MINI HOTEL
LAUNDRY VOUCHER
Voucher No. 1
(Partial list of items only)
Name Guest: Room No. Date/Time:
Guest Hotel Articles Price Total Damages if any

Count Count Amount
FOR PRESSING (partial list)
FOR WASHING OR DRY CLEANING
Remarks or Total P ________

instructions from Extra charge ________
guest Sub Total ________
Sales tax ________
(Dry Cleaning) Service charge 10 % ________
(Dry Cleaning Total Charge P ________
_________ (Hand wash)
.
Legend: Yellow colored- Filled up by Guest

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Storing Guest Laundry
Learning Objectives: After reading the INFORMATION SHEET, you must be

able to;
1. Follow the procedure in storing guest laundry.
Procedure
1. Hang like Items Together- Pants should hang in their own respective
section, as should tops. Likewise, women should group skirts together and
hang dresses in a section closest to the wall. For both men and women, suit
pieces should hang together in a section for suits. Use sturdy hangers
designed specifically to hang both pieces of a suit.
2. Organize Accessories- Hang scarves and handbags if female guest, hang

on the side of closet wall the neckties and belts and caps

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3. Shoes- keep the shoes neatly sorted by placing them on shelves along the
floor of the closet.
4. Further Organization- In addition to hanging like items together, within the

sections you can also group clothing by color or by function. Depending on what
works best for the guest, keep all the dressy tops together, the casual tops
together and so forth. If the guest prefer, sort your black tops, your red tops,
your white tops and your light-colored tops, then do the same for your bottoms.
5. The Under wears- Put all together in the drawer of the closet. Depends on the
instruction of the guest

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JOB SHEET 10.4-3
Title: Storing Guest Laundry
procedure in storing guest laundry.
Equipment: Laundry cart, laundry basket
1. Hang like Items Together. Pants should hang in their own respective
section, as should tops. Likewise, women should group skirts together
and hang dresses in a section closest to the wall. For both men and
women, suit pieces should hang together in a section for suits. Use
sturdy hangers designed specifically to hang both pieces of a suit.
2. Organize Accessories Organize Accessories- Hang scarves and

handbags if female guest, hang on the side of closet wall the neckties and
belts and caps
3. Shoes- keep the shoes neatly sorted by placing them on shelves along the
floor of the closet.
4. Further Organization- In addition to hanging like items together, within

the sections you can also group clothing by color or by function.
Depending on what works best for the guest, keep all the dressy tops
together, the casual tops together and so forth. If the guest prefer, sort
your black tops, your red tops, your white tops and your light-colored
tops, then do the same for your bottoms.
5. The Under wears- Put all together in the drawer of the closet. Depends
on the instruction of the guest

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JOB SHEET 10.4-3
CRITERIA YES NO
 Items are correctly stored according to the guest instruction
 Items that to be hanged are properly hanged
 Items are correctly stored in the guest closet.
 Follow safety procedures in storing guest laundry
Trainer: ________________________________________ Date: ________________________

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EVIDENCE PLAN/EVALUATION PLAN
TRAINEES NAME
FACILATATOR’S NAME
QUALIFICATION HOUSEKEEPING NC II
UNIT OF COMPETENCY LAUNDER LINEN AND GUEST CLOTHES
COVERED
Ways in which evidence will be collected:
Oral
Demonstration
[tick the column]
Questioning
Witten Test
Interview
with
The evidence must show that the candidate……
2. Items are correctly sorted according to the
cleaning process required and the urgency of the X x
item. ***
3. Laundry methods are correctly selected in X
accordance with textile labeling codes
4. Laundry equipment is properly operated in X x
accordance with manufacturer’s instructions
5. Items for laundering are checked for stains and X
stains are treated using the correct process
6. Cleaning agents and chemicals are correctly used
in accordance with manufacturer’s instructions X x
and specific laundry equipment
7. Laundry equipment is operated in accordance X
with manufacturer’s instructions
8. Items are checked after laundering process to X x
ensure quality cleaning
9. Any damage arising from laundering process is
recorded and appropriate person(s) is/are notified X
in accordance with establishment procedures
10. Pressing and finishing processes are
correctly completed in accordance with textile X x
characteristics and client requirements
11. Guest laundry is packaged and presented in
accordance with establishment standards and X
procedures
12. Finished items are returned to guest in X

accordance with required timeframes

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13. Processed guest laundry is stored where
required, according to guest requests or where X
return to guest is not possible
NOTE: *Critical aspects of competency

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Rating Sheet for Demonstration with Oral Questioning
Candidates Name:
Instructor Name:
Unit of Competency: Laundry Linen and Guest Clothes
Qualification: Housekeeping NC II
Date of Assessment
Time of Assessment
Instruction for Demonstration:
The equipment, supplies and materials needed are provided. The
candidate must be able to launder linen and guest clothes.
Observation Checklist Check (/) to show if
evidence is demonstrated
During the demonstration of skills, the candidate: YES NO N/A
 Sort items according to the cleaning process
whether they will be washed or dry clean. ***
 Select laundry process according to degree
of soilage, colored or white, and type of
fabrics
 Check items with stains and treats them
accordingly
 Use cleaning agents and chemical in
accordance with manufacturer’s instruction
and safety precautions
 Keep record of any damage cause by
cleaning process
 Pack and present laundry
 Return finished items within time frame
 Pack and store laundry accordingly?
The candidate’s demonstration was:
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory

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Oral Questioning
Questions: Satisfactory
Response
The candidate should answer the following YES NO
questions:
1. How can you determine if the clothes can be
laundered or not?
2. Why did you segregate the white clothes from the
colored ones?
3. What is your basis for the number of linens that
could be loaded into the laundry machine?
4. Differentiate colored fast and non-fast colored
fast clothes.
5. Differentiate the different laundry supplies?
6. What part of the blouse/polo shirts should you
iron first?
The candidate underpinning knowledge was:
Satisfactory Not Satisfactory
Feedback to candidate:
Candidate’s name: Date:

Instructor’s Name: Date:
COMPETENCY EVALUATION RESULT SUMMARY

TRAINEE’S NAME
FACILITATOR’S NAME
QUALIFICATION HOUSEKEEPING NC II
DATE OF EVALUATION
TIME OF EVALUATION
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THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TRAINEE IN SATISFACTORY NOT
THE FOLLOWING ASSESSMENT METHODS SATISFA
CTORY
[PLEASE TICK APPROPRIATE BOX]
D. WRITTEN EXAM.
E. INTERVIEW
F. DEMONSTRATION
DID THE TRAINEE’S OVERALL

PERFORMANCE MEET THE REQUIRED
EVIDENCES/STANDARDS?
RECOMMENDATION FOR RE-EVALUATION _______________________________
QUALIFIED TO TAKE THE NEXT COMPETENCY ---------------------
 GENERAL COMMENTS [STRENGTHS/IMPROVEMENT NEEDED]:
TRAINEE’S SIGNATURE: DATE:
FACILITATOR’S SIGNATURE: DATE:

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WRITTEN TEST
I. Identify the following:
1. It is an electronic machine that can be used for washing and drying clothes.
2. It use for the delivery of guest laundry
3. This machine is for pressing delicate fabrics like wool, silk, etc
4. This is for ironing flat sheets, linen, pillow cases and other flat linens
5. It is design for washing and extracting clothes, linen and fabrics
6. Chemical that removes colors and stains or whitens clothes.
7. It used to prevent static cling and make fabric softer.
8. Are mild acids that can neutralize the alkalinity of detergents and bleach
9. Chemicals that retain the original color, even after many washing.
10. Removes chlorine, at least excessive chlorine from fabrics
11. TRUE OR FALSE. Write true if the statement is correct and False if the
statement is not correct.
1. Air rooms well before using bleach to dispel fumes
2. People who have asthma or other breathing problems should be especially
careful about using bleach.
3. Dilute it 10 parts in 1 parts water for a reasonably safe cleaning agent.
4. You can touch in bare hands the bleaches.
5. The oxygen bleaches are chemically different from standard bleach and they
are generally safer.
6. Sodium hypochlorite is corrosive and can cause burns to skin and eyes.
7. Work in a well ventilated area when using bleach
8. Small amounts of liquid may be disposed of down anywhere.
9. Not all bleaches are poisonous
10. Safety glasses is not a requirement when using bleach.
12. Sundry items to the clothesline; hanger for clothes, clothesline for
linens.
14. Never refer to the clothes, linen and fabric’s specification in drying.
15. Spread shirt face down on a smooth surface.
16. Fold tail downward, below the shoulders.
18. You can fold shirt unbuttoned
19. If you fold the sleeve of the shirt you should line up with the edge of the
first body fold.
20. You should be looking at the back of your shirt if you fold it.

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ANSWER KEY
I. Identification
1. Washing machine
2. Laundry cart
3. Steam presser
4. Flat work ironer
5. Washer extractor
6. Bleaches
7. Fabric softeners
8. Sours
9. Detergent with optical brighteners
10. Antichlor
Answer Key 5.2-2
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. True
7. True
8. False
9. False
10. False
11. TRUE
12. TRUE
13. TRUE
14. FALSE
15. TRUE
16. FALSE
17. TRUE
18. FALSE
19. TRUE
20. TRUE

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REFERENCES
Crespo, Amelia M. and Roldan, Amelia S. HOUSEKEEPING MANAGEMENT
Roldan, Amelia S. FRONT OFFICE PROCEDURES & GUEST RELATIONS
Roldan, Amelia S. OPERATING A HOTEL & RESTAURANT BUSINESS
INTERNET:
www.made-in-china.com
www.cw-usa.com
www.shopwynns.com
www.kabodle.com
www.ukwellborn.com
www.suwanneereptiles.com
www.nsclub.net
www.fotosearch.com
www.greenerhomecleaners.com
www.e-how.com

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Revision #

Wash and Iron Clothes, Linen and Fabric

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COMPETENCY BASED LEARNING MATERIAL

PALAYAN CITY INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

No. Unit of Competency Module Title Code

UNIT OF COMPETENCY : Wash and iron clothes, linens and fabrics

MODULE TITLE : Washing and Ironing clothes, linens and

NOMINAL DURATION : 30 hours hours

LO 1. Explain the principles and procedures in washing and ironing clothes

LO 2. Explain the procedures in operating tools and equipment

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Evaluate your own work using the

Keep a copy of your work for the next

Evaluate your own work using the

Keep a copy of your work for the next

Date Developed: Document No.

Kinds of Laundry Equipment

Different Laundry Equipment

3. Wash cover or Top Cover 10.Door spin inner

11. Overflow filter

16. Cover safety

Parts and Function

1. Wash timer – timer for time to wash fabric

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

8. Laundry Cart – Used for the delivery of guest laundry

Date Developed: Document No.

I. Identify the parts of the washing machine

II. Identify the following:

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

LUANDRY SUPPLIES includes laundry compounds, detergents with bacterial

1. Antichlor removes chlorine, at least excessive chlorine from fabrics. A

2. Alkali, an abrasive can pump up the detergent’s cleaning power and is

Date Developed: Document No.

5. Mildewcides maybe required preventing mildew buildup.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

1. Identify the following laundry supplies:

1. Chemical that removes colors and stains or whitens clothes.

II. Explain why safety is very necessary in using bleaches.

Date Developed: Document No.

II. Explain why safety is very necessary in using bleaches.

Date Developed: Document No.

2. Solvent (water, gasoline, chloroform, fenzly, alcohol) ex. Paint stains

3. Bleaches (chlorox) fruit stains

Date Developed: Document No.

Follow These Safety Precautions

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

1. What are the different kinds of stain remover?

4. Is water can remove stains? How?

Date Developed: Document No.

The disadvantage of coating fibers by hydrophobic layer is in decreasing the water

10 Uses for Fabric Softener

4. Remove hair-spray residue

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Date Developed: Document No.

Trainee’ Name: __________________ Date:

Trainer: ________________ Date:

Trainee’ Name: __________________ Date:

Trainer: ________________ Date: