COMMUNICATION

Lecture Prepared by:

JESELLE T. HERNANDEZ
Instructor - CAS
What is Communication?

— “a symbolic process
whereby reality is
produced, maintained,
repaired and transformed
(Carey, 1989)”
Aristotle’s Model Of Communication
 Communication Process

Adjustment
N
o
i
Sender Message Channel s Receiver
e

Feedback
 COMMUNICATION

— Communication is a two-way process by which

information is exchanged between or among
individuals through a common system of symbols,
signs and behavior (Martinez 1).
— *Comes from the Latin word communis meaning
commonness
 COMMUNICATION

— *a process wherein knowledge, ideas, information,

attitudes, feelings and the like are transmitted
— Communication, being a two-way process, occurs in
an orderly and systematic sequence wherein human
beings are able to see and hear what transpires in the
environment.
— Communication, as a process is dynamic, adaptive
and continuous.
 Facts about Language

— “Whenever human exists, language exists.”

— “We cannot not communicate.”

— “There are no primitive languages. All languages are

equally complex and equally capable of expressing
any idea.”
— “All languages change through time.”
 Verbal vs. Nonverbal Communication

— Verbal Communication is a transmission of

ideas, opinions, feelings, emotions or attitudes
through the use of oral language.

— Nonverbal Communication refers to the sending

of messages to another person utilizing methods or
means other than spoken language.
 Functions of Communication

1. Physical Needs
— Personal Communication is essential for our
wellbeing.

2. Ego Needs
— Communication is the only way to learn who we are.
 Functions of Communication

3. Social Needs
Three types of social needs:
— Inclusion – the need to belong to a personal
relationship. This need maybe satisfied from formal
and informal relationship.
— Desire for Control – is each one’s desire to have an
influence on others and to feel a sense of domination
or power over the world.
— Affection – the desire for others to care for us and a
desire to care for others.
 Functions of Communication

4Practical Needs
Five Categories: (accdg. to Abraham Maslow)
— Physical
— Safety
— Social
— Self-esteem
— Self-actualization
 Elements of Communication Process

1. PARTICIPANTS are the communicators who are

both senders and receivers.
— Senders - encode or transform their thoughts and
feelings into messages though verbal symbols and
nonverbal behavior
— Receivers - decode or process the received messages
and behavior and react to them
 Elements of Communication Process

2.CONTEXT refers to the interrelated conditions of

communication. It consists of such factors as:
Physical Milieu
Social Milieu
Psychological Milieu
Cultural Milieu
Historical Milieu
 Elements of Communication Process

3. MESSAGES are meanings or ideas and feelings that are

encoded and sent by means of verbal and nonverbal
symbols then received and decoded into one’s own ideas
and feelings.
4. CHANNELS are means of accessing the messages
whether via visual channel (which refers to light – the
light waves that carry the nonverbal symbols such as
facial expressions, gestures and movements) or via the
auditory channel (which refers to sound – the sound
waves that carry the verbal symbols such as words and
vocal cues like tone, rate, pitch, volume).
 Elements of Communication Process

5. NOISE means distractions that interfere with the

accurate transmission and reception of a message.
— External noise – sights, sounds and any other
distractions in the environment.
— Internal noise – distractions within the
communicator such as physiological or biological
noise.
— Semantic noise – unintentional meanings caused by
certain symbols, ethnic slurs, profanity and vulgar
speech
 Elements of Communication Process

6. FEEDBACK signifies verbal and/or nonverbal

responses to messages.
—