SECTION 19: INCENTIVES FOR VOLUNTARY OFFERS FOR SALES.

The “voluntary offer to sell” provision of the comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program

was the first to be implemented and was highly corruption prone, causing the resignation of the

Secretary of Agrarian Reform. This happened because of a badly written law and poorly framed

regulations, implemented within the framework of a neopatrimonial system, and weak state,

though not exactly as described by Migdal. Prospects for change in the short term are poor.

Among many peasants and their advocates there was high hope of land reform when

Cory Aquino came to power. She had promised it during her campaign; some of its more

forceful proponents were given key appointments. But during her first year in office she seemed

to be abandoning the peasants’ cause.

The peasant movement, organized in a coalition called Congress for a People’s Agrarian

Reform (CPAR), was partly responsible for the fact that there was any new legislation at all. But

its members had almost no role in program implementation.

SECTION 20: VOLUNTARY LAND TRANSFER.

Within the first year of the implementation of the CARP, All notices for voluntary land

transfer must be submitted to the DAR. Negotiations between the landowners and qualified

beneficiaries covering any voluntary land transfer which remain unresolved after one (1) year

shall not be recognized and such land shall instead be acquired by the government and

transferred pursuant to this Act.

If such offers have been made and are fully known to both parties, The terms and

conditions of such transfer shall not be less favorable to the transferee than those of the

government's standing offer to purchase from the landowner and to resell to the beneficiaries.

The voluntary agreement shall include sanctions for non-compliance by either party and shall be

duly recorded and its implementation monitored by the DAR.

Voluntary Land Transfer or VLT scheme which involves a direct payment arrangement

(in kind or cash) between the landowner and beneficiaries based on a contract agreement that is

approved by the DAR. In a VLT arrangement, the government has no monetary obligation to the

landowner.
SECTION 21: PAYMENT OF COMPENSATION BY BENEFICIARIES UNDER
VOLUNTARY LAND TRANSFER.

Upon registration with the approval by the DAR. Said approval shall be considered

given, unless notice of disapproval is received by the farmer-beneficiary within thirty (30) days

from the date of registration.

Direct payments in cash or in kind may be by the farmer-beneficiary to the landowner

under terms to be mutually agreed upon by both parties, which shall be binding upon them.

The procedure for compulsory acquisition as provided in Section 16 shall apply in the

event they cannot agree on the price of land. The LBP shall extend financing to the beneficiaries

for purposes of acquiring the land.

SECTION 22: QUALIFIED BENEFICIARIES

The lands covered by the CARP shall be distributed as much as possible to landless

residents of the same barangay, or in the absence. Agricultural lessees and share tenants; regular

farmworkers; seasonal farmworkers; other farmworkers; actual tillers or occupants of public

lands; collectives or cooperatives of the above beneficiaries; and others directly working on the

land, are the landless residents of the same municipality's priority.

Beneficiaries under Presidential Decree No. 27 who have culpably sold, disposed of, or

abandoned their land are disqualified to become beneficiaries under this Program. A basic

qualification of a beneficiary shall be his willingness, aptitude, and ability to cultivate and make

the land as productive as possible. The DAR shall adopt a system of monitoring the record or

performance of each beneficiary, so that any beneficiary guilty of negligence or misuse of the

land or any support extended to him shall forfeit his right to continue as such beneficiary. The

DAR shall submit periodic reports on the performance of the beneficiaries to the PARC.

If, due to the landowner's retention rights or to the number of tenants, lessees, or

workers on the land, there is not enough land to accommodate any or some of them, they may be

granted ownership of other lands available for distribution under this Act, at the option of the

beneficiaries. Farmers already in place and those not accommodated in the distribution of

privately-owned lands will be given preferential rights in the distribution of lands from the public

domain.
SECTION 23. DISTRIBUTION LIMIT.

No qualified beneficiary may own more than three (3) hectares of agricultural land.

According to this information, no person shall own or control more than thirty-five five

(35) hares or thirty-five (35) animals over one year old, which are kept for breeding purposes and

include mares, broodmares, stallions, colts and jacks. I'm going to talk about the meaning of

what this means exactly because it may be confusing:

"No person shall own or control more than thirty-five five (35) hares or thirty-five (35) animals

over one year old, which are kept for breeding purposes and include mares, broodmares,

stallions, colts and jacks.".

The law on the distribution of limits of liability is governed by Section 23, Chapter 19,

and Part 9A of the 1892 British Admiralty Act. The section deals with who goes first when one

party damages another. If damages are caused to two parties at the same time and they can't be

separated, then it's settled between them who goes first on the basis that he will be compensated

by his co-defendant for any damage or loss which he sustains and this applies equally to deep

and other water and also to railways.

Two decisions are crucial in interpreting Section 23, namely "The Parliament Bilge"

[1921] A.C. 50 and "The Samtampa" [1953] P. 84. In the former case, the court had first to

decide whether a collision in the English Channel was either a deep-sea or a shallow-water

collision and then to decide who should go first between co-defendants who were both liable as

owners of ships involved in that collision. The court decided that it was a shallow-water collision
and that ship A, being the first of the two vessels at fault to enter shallow water, should go first,

even though ship B's negligence caused all the damage.

SECTION 24. AWARD TO BENEFICIARY

The rights and responsibilities of the beneficiary shall commence from the time the DAR

makes an award of the land to him, which award shall be completed within one hundred eighty

(180) days from the time the DAR takes actual possession of the land. Ownership of the

beneficiary shall be evidenced by a Certificate of Land ownership Award, which shall contain

the restrictions and conditions provided for in this Act, and shall be recorded in the Register of

Deeds concerned and annotated on the Certificate of Title.

The 24th section is about the award to the beneficiary. It is when an estate or trust

distributes its income or property to another person or institution. The beneficiary is the person

or institution who will receive the money. The duties of the trustee are to oversee and manage the

trust, investment and estate assets until they are debate. In this section we discuss about the

acceptance of the award, the presumption upon death and the Distribution of assets only

This section is about how trusts were created in order to help people with children or

loved ones that have needs. They create a clear path for those people so they don't have to worry

about who would take care of their children if they die while still young, or what would happen

if their spouse died before them and left no will. This type of trust must be created during one's

lifetime which means it cannot be passed along through an inheritance however, it can transfer

property through gifts or gifts by operation of law.

SECTION 25. AWARD CEILINGS FOR BENEFICIARIES

Beneficiaries will be given an area of no more than three (3) hectares, which can be a

single parcel of land or numerous parcels of land combined up to the award limitations. A

landless beneficiary is someone who possesses less than three (3) hectares of agricultural land for

the purposes of this Act.

Except in meritorious cases determined by the PARC, the beneficiary may choose

collective ownership, such as co-ownership, farmers' cooperatives, or other forms of collective

ownership: provided, however, that the total area that may be awarded does not exceed the total

number of co-owners or members of the cooperative or collective organization multiplied by the

above-required award limit.

Title to the property shall be issued in the name of the co-owners or the cooperative or

collective organization as the case may be.

Award Ceilings can be defined as granting benefits or privileges in relation to the

company's current financial situation. Award Ceilings are also known as "ceiling on awards" and

they are not taxed because there is no monetary consideration given. The Philippines has a law

called SECTION 25 which addresses this type of thing, for example for workers that were

dismissed or laid off under certain circumstances (without just cause) that they will receive an

award ceiling equivalent to 6 months’ salary (minimum wage).

SECTION 26. PAYMENT BY BENEFICIARIES

The recipients of the land awarded under this act must pay the LBP thirty (30) annual

amortizations at a rate of 6% for the land.

The payment for the first three (3) years after the award may be lowered to the PARC's

stated level, but not more than five percent (5%) of the DAR's established annual gross output

value for the first five (5) years.

Should the LBP fail for non-payments of an aggregate of three (3) year amortizations if

the scheduled annual payments after the fifth year surpass ten percent (10%) of the annual gross

production? When such actions are completed, the LBP will notify the DAR, and the DAR will

then distribute the forfeited landholdings to other qualifying beneficiaries who meet the criteria.

Upon the foreclosure of a beneficiary's land under this statute, the beneficiary will be

permanently barred from being a beneficiary.

All payments by the Government to its beneficiaries, as prescribed by law, shall be made

in accordance with the Fund.

However, when a beneficiary makes a payment to another beneficiary or co-beneficiary

who is under obligation to make all or part of his payment within one month from the date he

received his share of distribution from the Fund, it shall be made effective on such day and date

in favor of such beneficiary or co-beneficiary.

SECTION 27. TRANSFERABILITY OF AWARDED LANDS

The transferability or awarded lands acquired by beneficiaries under the act may not be

sold transferred or conveyed except through heredity succession or to the government or to the

LBP’ or to the qualified beneficiaries for a period of ten 10 years but the children or the spouse

of the transferor shall have a right to purchase the landform the government or LBP within the

period of two years

Due notice of the availability of the land shall be given the LBP to the barangay agrarian

reform coordinating committee PARCOM as herein provided shall in turn be of the given due

notice thereof by the BARC .if the land has not yet been fully paid by the beneficiary the rights

to the land may be transferred or conveyed with prior approval of the DAR to any heir of the

beneficiary or to any other beneficiary who as a condition for such transfer or conveyance , shall

compensate the beneficiary in one lump sum for the amounts the latter has already paid, together

with the value of improvements he has had made on the lands to a private person during the

holding period is prohibited unless the transferee is qualified beneficiary.

As stated in the introduction the transferability of the awarded law which it is said to have

been obtained by the beneficiary under the law which it should not be sold or transferred, but if it

is we will discuss carefully it is appropriate that the notice of land can be given to LBP in the

barangay agrarian reform coordinating committee PARCOM because it is provided that the

appropriate notice will be given by BARC and if the land is not fully paid by the beneficiary it

can be transferred to be delivered with prior approval of DAR.

SECTION 46: BARANGAY AGRARIAN REFORM COMMITTEE (BARC)

All I can say for this, is they’re really doing their best to make land transfer easier and

guide the committees. Those are there really responsibilities. For me, it’s all good because they

are assuring that they can guide the committees and they are implement their job in a good

operation.

BARC's mission is to provide an avenue for the poor and marginalized farmers in the

Philippines to gain access to surplus rice so that they can increase their income and improve their

lives.

What does this mean for a farmer? It means increased productivity, fiscal stability, food

security, and a better life. BARC has been working with communities across thirty-eight

provinces in Northern Luzon through information centers, market intervention projects, and

training programs for farmers on agriculture technologies as well as livelihoods solutions.

The Barangay Agrarian Reform Committee (BARC) is a specialized agency of the local

government unit. It has been established to ensure that every farmer, agriculturist and rural

worker in the city or municipality can benefit from its programs and services. BARCs are

established for farmers on a barangay level: organized into groups which cover at least 10

farmers each.
SECTION 47: FUNCTION OF BARC

For me, we should have to be wise when it comes to land that we have to buy. Make sure

that we have an agreement before we buy it, we know where that place is, if it is quality for you

and your family. The good thing about this, is the owner barangay will make you go around in

their barangay for a while so you can really know what kind of surroundings they have and that

is good for me and to those who want to buy a land. They are really helping the buyer to assure

them that they will not regrets to choose their barangay.

Barcode is a pattern of invisible lines that are used to identify products and their price.

The scannable barcode, which consists of parallel lines with alternating black and white areas,

can be read by a laser scanner or checkout scanner. Along the lines, there are small boxes (called

'dots' in the United States) that collect information about each product scanned.

BAR code is a linear array of characters in the form of black squares, one on top of the

other. The square at the bottom represents a range of numbers and alphanumeric symbols that the

manufacturer has allocated to specific items. It's used on commercial items such as bar codes for

products and bar codes for libraries.

The purpose for using this kind of system is to decrease errors and make it easier to read

information from these files. More importantly, it helps retailers identify which item belongs to

which item in their shelves.

SECTION 48: LEGAL ASSISTANCE

The BARC or any member thereof may whenever necessary in the exercise of any of its

functions here under, seek the legal assistance of the DAR and the provincial, city, or

municipality government.

The State respect the right of small landowners, and shall provide incentives for

voluntary land-sharing. The State shall protect the rights subsistence fishermen, especially of

local communities, to the preferential use of communal marine and fishing resources, both inland

and off shore.

The Agrarian Legal Assistance is under the Bureau of Legal Assistance (BALA).The

BALA provides legal assistance to the beneficiaries affected by agrarian cases, particularly those

whose legal rights as ARB’s are challenged by landowners.

Legal Assistance in many countries, access to local counsel is difficult. There may be

language barriers, financial resources may be limited, or the process of finding a lawyer through

an organization or law school can take too long. In such cases it can provide significant benefit to

international students to engage in legal research and work pro bono for clients abroad.
SECTION 49: RULES AND REGULATIONS

The PARC and the DAR shall have the power to issue rules and regulations, whether

substantive or procedural, to carry out the objects and purposes of this Act. Said rules shall take

effect ten (10) days after publication in two (2) national newspapers of general circulation.

Section 2 of R.A.6657 provides that “the state shall apply the principle of agrarian reform

or stewardship, whenever applicable, in accordance with law in the disposition or utilization of

other natural resources, including lands of the public domain. Likewise pursuant to Section 49 of

6657, the PARC and the DAR are empowered to issue rules and regulations whether substantive

or procedural, to carry out the object and purposes of this Act.

In furtherance of this authority and in order to accelerate the issuance of Certificate of

Land Ownership Awards (CLOA) to qualified beneficiaries in settlement projects administered

by the DAR, these new Rules and Procedures are here by adopted.
SECTION 50:QUASI-JUDICAL POWERS OF THE DAR

The DAR is here by vested with the primary jurisdiction to determine and adjudicate

agrarian reform matters and shall have exclusive original jurisdiction over all matters involving

the implementation of agriculture (DA) and the Department of Environment and Natural

Resources (DENR).

Its shall not be bound by technical rules of procedure and evidence but shall proceed to

hear and decide all cases, dispute or controversies in a most expeditious manner, employing all

reasonable means to ascertain the fact of every case in accordance with justice and equity and the

merits of the case.

Responsible farmer leaders shall be allowed to represent themselves, their fellow farmers,

or their organizations in any proceeding before the DAR: Provided, however, that when there are

two or more representative for any individual or group, the representative should choose only

one among themselves to represent such party or group before any DAR proceedings.
SECTION 51: FINALITY OF DETERMINATION

After creating a portfolio with my most recent assignments and writing samples, I was

given the opportunity to come up with something different for this certain activity

The process began by considering what could be included in the paper (my reactions).

Once that had been narrowed down through brainstorming sessions and discussion with my

professor, I started working on the body of my argument. Any case or controversy before it shall

be decided within thirty (30) days after it is submitted for resolution. Only one (1) motion for

reconsideration shall be allowed. Any order, ruling or decision shall be final after the lapse of

fifteen (15) days from receipt of a copy thereof.

Knowledge will forever govern ignorance, and a people who mean to be their own

governor’s must arm themselves with the power which knowledge gives.

You may be wondering what our government knows about the UFO phenomenon that it

is not telling us. Or you may just want to know if there is any validity to allegations of a

conspiracy on the part of the military and intelligence agencies. But does it matter anymore?

Many of us are coming to understand that large, amorphous organizations like government or

corporations would rather live with ambiguity than deal effectively with uncertainty.
SECTION 52: FRIVOLOUS APPEALS

That trusts when he needs not? If public officer will infringe men’s rights. To discourage

frivolous or dilatory appeals from the decisions or the local or provincial levels, the DAR may

impose reasonable penalties, including but not limited to fines or censures upon erring parties.

An appeal of a judgment or order which is not grounded in any substantial question of

law or fact and is made merely for the delay and expense of the other party, where no facts or

circumstances exist to warrant an appeal. You cannot frivolously appeal a judgment just for

setbacks. For example, your opponent won the trial, but you still have grounds for an appeal.

However, if you want to appeal a judgment because of an error by a judge or an error made by

the parties in the course of trial, it must be frivolous. Many times people try to justify their

frivolous appeals because they do not have enough money for an appeal. In many cases courts

will simply dismiss the appeal and some courts may order that costs be paid out of the losing

party's pocket.
SECTION 53: CERTIFICATION OF THE BARC

Bias going way down, inclusion and feedback becoming more personal and catalyzing.

The DAR shall not take cognizance of any agrarian dispute or controversy unless a certification

from the BARC that the dispute has been submitted to it for mediation and conciliation without

any success of settlement is presented.

The BARC is a special kind of certification that is granted to individuals who have

established their knowledge and skills in the field of airport operations. The BARC was recently

introduced by the Congress in order to encourage and promote the aviation safety culture.

Certification is a process that assesses an individual's knowledge and ability through an exam

with questions related to aviation, procedures and policies. This process is aimed at promoting

professionalism and encouraging excellence among airport personnel.

The BARC certification was established to promote professionalism and excellence in the

field of airport operations. Achieving a BARC certification requires the applicant to pass an

examination which tests the applicant's knowledge and understanding of policies, procedures,

regulations, safety rules and other aspects concerned with airport operations. An individual

achieving a BARC Certification will be identified by the use of the letters "BARC" following

their name.
SECTION 54: CERTIORARI

For me, you need a solid evidence in finding a truth so that you can prove it. Always

remember, when we buy a land or any properties you have to make an agreement because that’s

a solid evidence if there’s no agrarian dispute and to make the process good.

Any decision, order, award or ruling of the DAR on any agrarian dispute or on any matter

pertaining to the application, implementation, enforcement, or interpretation of this Act and other

pertinent laws on agrarian reform may be brought to the Court of Appeals by certiorari except as

otherwise provide in this Act within fifthteen (15) days from the receipt of a copy thereof.

CERTIORARI means that a case is to be considered by the Supreme Court. In practice,

this means that the case is being reviewed specifically to decide whether they will hear it or not.

To appeal something, you need to get permission from either the lower court or Supreme Court.

Once permission has been granted, a CERTIORARI can be made (but only if necessary).

Every order, judgment, or decree of any court of the United States may be brought to bear

by certiorari before the Supreme Court of the United States which may summarily reverse or

affirm such decision. The Supreme Court shall have power to issue all writs necessary or

appropriate in aid of its jurisdiction and agreeable with the usages and principles of law.
SECTION 55. NO RESTRAINING ORDER OR PRELIMINARY INJUNCTION

No court in the Philippines shall have jurisdiction to issue any restraining order or writ of

preliminary injunction against the PARC or any of its duly authorized or designated agencies in

any case, dispute or controversy arising from, necessary to, or in connection with the application,

implementation, enforcement, or interpretation of this Act and other pertinent laws on agrarian

reform. No Restraining Order or Preliminary Injunction issued the plaintiffs or petitioners shall

not be required to post a bond obligation the plaintiffs or petitioners to identity the government.

A restraining order is a legal remedy that prevents someone from doing something right

now, even though they may be allowed to do it in the future. Restraining orders are usually used

by victims of unwanted and inappropriate contact, such as stalking. If a victim doesn't know how

to get help on their own, they can ask for a restraining order from the court system. The person

who is trying to harm the victim can be sent to jail for up to five years if they violate a

restraining order. This means that they can't have contact, written or spoken, positive or negative,

with a victim.

A preliminary injunction is an order issued by a court before a trial starts that may affect

the outcome of an ongoing dispute. It's usually issued by a judge on behalf of one party in the

lawsuit in an effort to help that side prevail at trial.

SECTION 56. SPECIAL AGRARIAN COURT

The Supreme Court shall designate at least one branch of the Regional Trial Court (RTC)

within each province to act as a Special Agrarian Court. The Supreme Court may designate more

branches to constitute such additional Special Agrarian Courts as may be necessary to cope with

the number of agrarian cases in each province. In the designation, the Supreme Court shall give

preference to the Regional Trial Courts which have been assigned to handle agrarian cases or

whose presiding judges were former judges of the defunct Court of Agrarian Relations.

The Regional Trial Court (RTC) judges assigned to say courts shall exercise said special

jurisdiction in addition to the regular jurisdiction of their respective courts. The Special Agrarian

Courts shall have the powers and prerogatives inherent in or belonging to the Regional Trial

Courts. Special Agrarian Court I was given settled status a year and a half ago.

The Special Agrarian Court was created to dispense justice, equity and efficiency in the

adjudication of disputes involving agrarian reform.

It hears and decides all cases affecting agricultural lands or tenancies; renders judgement

on opposition to applications for issuance of certificates of land ownership awards, registration

of land transfers and other similar dispositions; issues writs of execution in favor of landowners

deprived by adverse possession declarations issued under the Implementing Rules and

Regulations (IRR) issued under Presidential Decree No.

SECTION 57. SPECIAL JURISDICTION

The Special Agrarian Courts shall have original and exclusive jurisdiction over all

petitions for the determination of just compensation to land owners, and the prosecution of all

criminal offenses under this act. The Rules of Court shall apply to all proceedings before the

Special Agrarian Courts, unless modified by this Act. The Special Agrarian Courts shall decide

all appropriate cases under their special jurisdiction within thirty (30) days from submission of

the case for decision. Special Jurisdiction many have objected to the Bible as the foundation of a

nations legal system on the around that it would to us usher in tyranny.

The concept of a special jurisdiction in the Philippines was introduced by Republic Act

No. 9262 or the Anti-Violence against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 which mandates

courts to have original and exclusive jurisdiction over all cases involving violence against

women, their children, and their relatives regardless of where the offense has been committed.

This provision is also found under Section 57. Special Jurisdiction of Republic Act No. 9262.

Under the Family Code of the Philippines, special jurisdiction is one of the incidents that

can be granted to courts in the exercise of their inherent powers. The Supreme Court has a

special jurisdiction over family cases and other cases which are directly related to domestic

relations matters, both within and outside its territorial jurisdiction.

SECTION 58. APPOINTMENT OF COMMISSIONERS

The Special Agrarian Courts, upon their own initiative or at the instance of any of the

parties, may appoint one or more commissioners to examine, investigate and ascertain facts

relevant to the dispute including the valuation of properties, and to file a written report thereof

with the court. Appointment of Commission so I've been taking the medication as prescription

for a week now and have noticed an increase in my mood and also fatigue but nothing has

broken this migraine spiral.

The appointment of commissioners is done by the President of the Philippines. There are

four commissioners assigned to each Philippine province. They are the provincial governor and

vice governors, who shall continue in their respective offices while they hold office as

commissioners, except that they cannot hold office concurrently with any other public office or

position.

The position of a commissioner is considered as one of great responsibility, as he has

overall supervision over all the provincial offices. He has direct responsibility in ensuring that

the laws and ordinances are faithfully executed. He also ensures that the funds and properties of

the province are properly deposited or invested, and at the same time, he ensures that an

economical expenditure is maintained in all government expenditures.

A commissioner must have good character and moral ascendancy, so that he can have

command of respect from his subordinates. He must be a person of well-balanced judgment, able

to pursue full justice towards all those who seek his help to understand and enforce the law.
SECTION 59. ORDERS OF THE SPECIAL AGRARIAN COURTS

No order of the Special Agrarian Courts on any issue, question, matter or incident raised

before them shall be elevated to the appellate courts until the hearing shall have been terminated

and the case decided on the merits. Order of special agrarian courts, betting or wagering upon the

outcome of or any contingency connected with an elective.

The Special Agrarian Courts (SAC) is a legal institution of the Philippine judiciary

system, created in order to organize and expedite land cases. These courts are given jurisdiction

over cases filed by landowners against persons and entities that encroach on or intrude on their

agricultural, residential or business properties. It is also applicable in civil cases where the

aggrieved party files a suit for the preservation of his right to have his rights respected.

The courts are empowered to take cognizance of cases and are granted the power to order

the stoppage of construction works, filings to possession of land, forced sale of lands and other

similar mechanisms. The SACs can perform their duties even without the intervention of local

government units, as long as they have a base in a province which has a land use code. In order

for it to qualify as such, said code must contain provisions on agrarian reform.
SECTION 60. APPEALS

An appeal is when someone who loses a case in a trial court asks a higher court (the

appellate court) to review the trial court’s decision. So there are a two things to look the appellate

court: first is whether legal mistakes was made in the trial court. Second is whether this mistake

changed the final decision (called the judgment) in the case. And there are 3 things an appeal is

not. First is a new trial with witness it theory.

Second is a chance to go to court to present your case all over again in a front of different

judgment. Third is a chance to present new evidence and new witness. When we see appellate

court is they are the one who reviews what happen in the trial court to decide if a legal mistake

was made in the original trial. For example to see if the trial court judge applied the wrong law to

the facts of the case.

The Philippines is a full participant in the process of development in Asia. As part of this

process, the country has been developing its economy and especially trade and investment to

increase the national wealth. One such great endeavor has been with its e-commerce industry

where it is trying to capture a greater market share by scaling up operations in response to

growing demand.

In pursuit of that goal, new policies have been introduced on foreign investments and

access to trading platforms that make this an attractive place for investors from all over the

world. Section 60 of Philippine Trade Act (RA 9293) authorizes appeals for these types under
certain circumstances involving alleged violations or irregularities involving foreign investors in

trade.

SECTION 61. PROCEDURE ON REVIEW

The review procedure attests to the democratic nature of Soviet Legal proceedings when

reviewing a case the court of cassation may lighten the sentence given by the court of first

instance or apply the law for a less grave crimes it does not have the right to increase the

sentence or apply the law for a graver crime. So during the review procedure the defendant may

present of the necessary evidence to prove his/her innocents. They are given the last chance to

listen the sentence given the court but of course you need to hire the best lawyer in order to win

the case. Currently review procedure is a relevant so you really need to be careful with your

words to avoid faults statement. Despite the fact that under review procedure the court is

verifying the loyalty and grounds of the judgment based in material presented in the case and

supplementary material it does not have the right to establish and consider as prevent new facts

that were not indicated in the judgment.

In this paper, it will be reviewing the topic on SECTION 61. PROCEDURE ON

REVIEW. In the said piece of legislation, there are two branches which are subject to review.

They are administrative proceedings and judicial proceedings. In administrate vision

proceedings, the Secretary has been mandated to submit a report on any administrative case

pending before him within thirty days from notice of his decision or order therein issued, upon
demand by any interested party filed with him in person or by registered mail through the clerk

of court nearest to his office.

SECTION 62. PREFERENTIAL ATTENTION IN COURTS

All courts in the Philippines, both trial and appellate, shall give preferential attention to

all cases arising from or in connection with the implementation of the provisions of this act. All

cases pending in court arising from or in connection with the implementation of this Act shall

continue to be heard, tried and decided into their finality, notwithstanding the expiration of the

ten-year period mentioned in section 5 hereof. In short, you will be given special consideration in

court or Philippine courts including trial an appellate most give residents to all cases arising from

or in connection with the implementation of the provisions of this act. Regardless of whether the

10 years period indicate in section 5 hereof has in date all cases finding in court arising from or

in connection with the execution of this act shall be heard, tired and determine until they are

ultimately resolved.

It consists of a set of instructions and instructions for parties, judges, and lawyers in a

court case. The purpose of this Code is to provide clarity on how courts should proceed with

disputes so that people can use them more effectively. The Code is a guide so that the law can be

applied properly. This Code will also make sure that in the process of resolving disputes, people

get the most protection and fairness possible. There once an article that states that all parties

should show respect for the court and participate appropriately in its business. Article Two states
that parties should obey all orders of court and help in making this happen by attending hearings

and meetings with lawyers or witnesses if they have no valid excuse not to. Article Three states

that a person who has a right to attend will be able to do so without any discrimination or

prejudice, including on the basis of race, skin color, religion, gender, place of origin or residence,

social status, political affiliation, language spoken or physical appearance.

SECTION 63. FUNDING SOURCE

The initial amount needed to implement this Act for the period of ten years upon

approval hereof shall be funded from the Agrarian Reform Fund created under Sections 20 and

21 of Executive Order No. 229. Additional amounts are hereby authorized to be appropriated as

and when needed to augment the Agrarian Reform Fund in order to fully implement the

provisions of this Act. Sources of funding or appropriations shall include the following: a)

proceeds of the sales of the Assets Privatization Trust; b) All receipts from assets recovered and

from sales of ill-gotten wealth recovered through the Presidential Commission on Good

Government; c) proceeds of the disposition of the properties of the Government in foreign

countries; d) Portion of amounts accruing to the Philippines from all sources of official foreign

grants and concessional financing from all countries, to be used for the specific purposes of

financing production credits, infrastructures, and other support services required by this Act; e)

Other government funds not otherwise appropriated. All funds appropriated to implement the

provisions of this Act shall be considered continuing appropriations during the period of its

implementation.
 The Philippines has a history of political instability and many violent conflicts. The

president was killed by the Marcos regime, who ruled from 1965 to 1986. The country's

economy depends on remittances from overseas workers as well as earnings from low-

technology export manufacturing such as furniture, garments, guitars and shoes. Foreign

investment remains constrained by limited natural resources, slow but steady improvements in

human capital infrastructure, and corruption. A key question for local businesses is the supply of

funding.

SECTION 28 STANDING CROPS AT THE TIME OF ACQUISITION

Standing crops refers to harvestable agricultural produce or a portion thereof (e.g. fruits,

sap, root) normally harvested for such particular crop growing on land at the time the DAR takes

possession thereof pursuant to the Department of Agrarian Reform (DAR) recognizes that the

absence of clear guidelines on standing crops has remained a critical concern in completing the

process of land acquisition and distribution.

According to the reporter the issues confronting the DAR are confusion and varying

interpretations on what shall be considered standing crops and as to when a particular standing

crop is considered harvestable or completely harvested. Thus, the presence of standing crops is

one of the prevalent and persisting problems preventing many Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries

(ARBs) with awarded and registered CLOA-titles to enjoy the fruits and have peaceful

possession of the land awarded to them. Provided that crops introduced by the landowner

directly or through his/her/its agents, on or after the landowner's receipt of a notice from the
DAR that the land has already been effectively acquired by the State, as further provided under

Par. V.5 below, regardless of the crops' nature or stage/phase, are deemed to have been

introduced in bad faith and shall not be considered as "standing crops" under this Administrative

Order.

CHAPTER VIII

Corporate Farms

SECTION 29: FARMS OWNED OR OPERATED BYE CORPORATIONS OR OTHERS

BUSINESSES ASSOCIATIONS

Corporate Farms is the business based on the agriculture, specifically, what is seen by

some as the practices of would be megacorporation involved in it. It is also the practice of large-

scale agriculture on forms owned or greatly influenced by large companies.

According to the reporter by the Presidential Agrarian Reform Counsel or the PARC

have the following rules: first in general, lands shall be distributed directly to the individual

worker-beneficiaries and second in this case it is not economically feasible and sound to divide

the land, then it shall be owned collectively by the worker-beneficiaries. Norlaine Macabato
continued the discussion and she also give some example of farms owned or operated by

corporations or others business association.

SECTION 30: HOMELOTS AND FARMLOTS FOR MEMBERS OF COOPERATIVES

Cooperatives it is a form, business or other organization which is owned and run jointly

by its members, who share the profit or benefits. In this section the individual members of the

cooperative or cooperation mentioned in the proceeding section shall be provided with home lots

and small FARMLOTS for their family use to be taken from the land owned by the cooperative

or corporation so it means all the members of cooperative mentioned by the section 29 should

provide the home lots for members of cooperative

SECTION 31: CORPORATE LANDOWNERS

In this section, It is about the landowners who volunteer transfer their land to the

Republic of the Philippines or to the qualified beneficiaries such as the farmers, tillers or

farmworkers who are landless or those who own land less than 3 hectares of agricultural lands in

order to follow the section 20. In transfer the land there are process, under suct terms and

conditions and will be pass on DAR for the confirmation after that the corporation who own

agricultural lands will give the right to purchase capital stock of the proportion to their qualified

beneficiaries, devoted to the agricultural activities under such terms and conditions that the

beneficiaries and landowner agreed upon.

In land transfer Landowner will give to the beneficiaries the shares of stock they purchase

with the agreement they agreed by both of them. Before the land successfully transfer to the

qualified beneficiary it under such terms and condition. In the process of this law when the

process start the beneficiary chose accountant where the books of corporation and association
shall be subject to periodic Audit by the chosen public accountant to ensure the safeguard of

shares of stock purchase by the beneficiaries. And As I have understand to this law to ensure the

equity of the both parties each party should have representative at least 1 in the board of

directors, or in management or executive committee to avoid cheating between the two parties.

Any shares acquired, workers and benefices shall have same rights and features as all other

shares. All the papers contains that the land owned by the original beneficiary shall be void

unless if the present beneficiary and previous beneficiary in favor to it said in transaction within

same corporation. If the transfer of the land or shares referred to above is not made or is not

made within two years after the entry into force of this Act, or if the plan for the distribution of

shares is not approved by PARS within the same period, the land of the agricultural company or

company owner is subject to the obligation of law. Landowner shall choose the right beneficiary

that they can make your land as productive as possible, As a qualified beneficiary do your part

also for you be a right one to choose there are many beneficiaries so not all of them will be

chosen so if you want to be chosen one achieve the expectation of the landowner towards

beneficiaries.

So both landowner and qualified beneficiary shall make agreement after the land transfer

to the qualified beneficiary contain of their statement towards the land so that both parties will

not leave land not working on. The land should make productive to get the benefit of it. As a

result both landowner and beneficiary will benefit and help our agriculture increase, As we know

this law is helpful especially to those farmers it is the best way to help them because some of

them can't find a job with the reason of not having diploma that requires of the boss that they

want to applying for so instead of let them suffer for finding job to have income to sustain their

needs why not those landlord have big lands for agricultural transfer to them or let them purchase
some of your lands to used it as a source of their income. Corazon Aquino was one of the best

president in the Philippines because she was the one who implemented this law knowing that this

will be the one of solutions to resolve the poverty in this country and improve our agriculture.

SECTION 32: PRODUCTION-SHARING

Production-Sharing it implies the right to transfer any production such as land and

properties. Indicates the share of assets to the farmers that have a good performance during the

care of the crops. The landowners have the rights to give his properties or land to his worker

especially if he/she sees that her workers are working. . . Sharing of properties has always been

discussed in many aspects, as well as the agricultural aspect.

Agrarian reform in the Philippines aims to address the country's long-standing problem of

rural landlessness. Land redistribution alone was insufficient to lessen the burden as well as the

sacrifices of small farmers out of poverty and secure the CARP's success. It will help to alleviate

unemployment and boost agricultural production and productivity. The law also included a

number of progressive requirements that small and marginal farmers needed in order to have

equal access to land. Supporting our heroes in this kind of situation is a big help for them,
considering the fact that they finally enjoyed the relentless hardship of farming. I can say that the

government has made the best decision to implement this kind of law for our farmers and

landowners for them to experience the fruit of their sacrifices. And being thankful to landowners.

I am so proud of them, because without them we don't have food to eat. I am happy that the

government give a chance to have a better life.

SECTION 33: PAYMENT OF SHARES OF COOPERATIVE OR ASSOCIATION

Share of cooperative or association acquired by farmers - beneficiaries or workers

beneficiaries shall be fully paid for in an amount corresponding to the valuation as determined in

the immediately succeeding section. The landowner and the LBP shall assist the farmers-

beneficiaries and worker-beneficiaries in the payment for said shares by providing credit

financing.
SECTION 34: BALUATION OF LANDS

Valuation scheme for the land shall be formulated by the PARC, taking into account the

factors enumerated in section 17, in addition to the need to stimulate the growth of cooperatives

and the objective of foresting responsible participation of the workers - beneficiaries in the

certain of wealth.

In the determination of price that is just not only to the individuals but to society as well,

the PARC shall consult closely with the landowner and the workers beneficiaries. In case of

disagreement, the price as determined by the PARC, if accepted by the workers - beneficiaries,

shall be followed, without prejudice to the land owner's right to petition the special agrarian

court to resolve the issue of valuation.

 CHAPTER IX

Support Services

SECTION 35: Creation of support services office

Support services means the those activities provided to or on behalf of a person in the

areas of personal in the areas of personal care and assistance and property maintenance allow a

person to live in the least restrictive environment and another terms support services.

The office shall provide general support and coordinative services in the implementation

of the program particularly in carrying out the provision of the following service to farmer

beneficiaries and affected landowners is the irrigation facilities, especially second cropordy

season irrigation facilities, the infrastructure development and public works projects in areas and

settlements that come under agrarian reform and for this purpose. The preparation of the physical
of the physical development plan of such settlements providing suitable barangay, sites, potable

water, and power resources, irrigation system and others facilities for a sound agricultural

department plan, government subsidies for the use of irrigation facilities, price support and

guarantees for all agricultural produce, collateral.

SECTION 36: FUNDING FOR SUPPORT SERVICES

Funding for support services is the type of funds that come from donations, grants or

from local or private agencies or cooperation. Funding is a money which a government or

organization provides for a particular purpose. Funding for support services in order to cover the

expenses and cost of support services, at least twenty-five percent(25%) of all appropriations for

agrarian reform shall be immediately set aside and made available for this purpose.in addition,

the DAR shall be authorize to package proposals and receive grants, aid and other forms of

financial assistance from any source. Funding coming from the local and private sectors from

donations and grants, to cover the expenses and cost of support services, at least 25 percent of all

appropriations for agrarian reform shall set aside for this purpose.