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Smart Parking System using RFID and GSM
Technology
Love Kumar1, Muneeb Hasan Khan2, M. Sarosh Umar3
Department of Computer Engineering
Aligarh Muslim University
Aligarh, India
E-mail: 1. lovemittal03@gmail.com 2. muneebhkhan@zhcet.ac.in 3. saroshumar@zhcet.ac.in
Abstract— The growing urbanization accompanied by
increasingly congested urban spaces and huge growth in the
number of urban vehicles, has resulted in the need for secure
parking spaces. In this paper, a solution is provided for
preventing theft of vehicle from parking using RFID and GSM
technology. There is a huge amount of reduction in transaction
cost with radio frequency identification technology in
automation. This solution includes components like GSM kit,
RFID readers, RFID tags, barrier gates, computers, Software
and LED lights. This system is used for controlling GSM kit,
operating barriers and glowing LEDs in different cases. This
system is independent and can work in any kind of organization.
This system can prevent theft of the vehicle in an organization.
Members of the organization can feel secure for their vehicles.
Check-ins and check-outs will be controlled by the software on
the basis of smart card and RFID vehicle Tag. Authorized
member will be informed in case of any theft activity through
SMS and alarm will ring for security alert.
Keywords- Smart Parking, RFID, Smart Card, GSM, SMS
INTRODUCTION
Incident of vehicle stealing is becoming commonplace these
days and therefore there is a need for secure systems for
preventing vehicle theft. If members of any organization do
not feel safe for their parked vehicles then it may become a
distraction for them and affect their work. In this paper we
propose a secure smart parking system using GSM and RFID
technology. Some work has been done in the area of smart
parking using RFID technology [1]. Using RFID is
economical in terms of time and cost. It is beneficial for the
members of the organization as it provides peace of mind
thereby increasing the efficiency of the organization and
provides benefits to both members as well as organization [2].
It has several useful applications like inventory tracking,
manufacturing, distribution, privacy and security [3, 4, 5].
RFID technology plays an important role in inventory tracking
system [6]. Security of the vehicles is a big issue for any
organization.
In India vehicles are usually parked in a manual parking
system. It has its own set of problems especially when the
number of vehicles in the parking space is too large. With the
‹,(((
increasing number of vehicles, it is becoming tougher to
identify a vehicle’s authorized user and thus it is difficult to
manage the parking [7].
Main purpose of this study is to utilize this wireless
technology with a smart application to solve the security
problem of vehicles in the organization. The main components
of this system are RFID interrogators, RFID labels, GSM kit
to inform authenticated member through SMS, barrier to
control check-ins and check-outs, LED lights with alarm to
make security personnel alert and software to control this
system.
The check-in and check-out of any vehicle is controlled with
the use of RFID readers and RFID tags [8]. In this way a
secure, automated, identification and control system has been
developed.
I. HOW RFID TECHNOLOGY WORKS
RFID system consist of three components in two
combinations: a transceiver (transmitter/receiver) and antenna
are usually combined as an RFID reader. A transponder
(transmitter/responder) and antenna are combined to make an
RFID tag [9]. An RFID tag is read when the reader emits a
radio signal that activates the transponder, which sends data
back to the transceiver.
A typical RFID system constitutes three main components
as mentioned below.
• An antenna or coil
• A transceiver (with decoder)
• A transponder (RF tag) which is electronically programmed
to contain unique information.
There are two types of transponders, which correlate to the
two major types of RFID tags. Active transponder contains a
battery that periodically transmits signals. Passive
transponders do not have any energy source of their own,
relying on the energy given off by the reader for the power to
respond. Passive tag is thus cheaper.
There are a lot of uses of this technology around us.
You may find that you are already carrying and using a RFID

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tag, or even several. RFID has gained huge attention because user does not belong to the organization then barrier will not
of its ability to track moving objects. With the improvement open-up and security will be alerted. If user is member of the
and refinement in technology, more pervasive and invasive organization but not as the associated member then SMS will
uses of RFID tags are in the offing. be send to the authorized user’s mobile number for security
reason. If this access of the authorized user’s vehicle is in their
knowledge then member can ignore the message otherwise
II. PROPOSED SYSTEM
member can immediately contact the security in-charge to stop
A. RFID Reader: - reader is used to read the tag information their vehicle access. (Fig. 2).
at the time of check-in or check-out. Check-in point
B. Smart card with inbuilt RFID tag: - this represents
membership of the organization for the user.
It is of two types-
a) Permanent ID card
b) Visitor ID card
C. Vehicle Tag: - this is the vehicle tag in association with Read vehicle ID
user smart card.
D. Database :- it will contain all the personal information of
the user, the associated vehicle information as well as the
current information of movement of the vehicles in Is the vehicle N
organization. registered?
Initially admin will register the user and user will get a
smart card with unique RFID id then members will register
Y
their vehicle in the organization. Visitors can also register
• Do not
their vehicle at the time of entry itself.
Read member ID open
Registration Process
• For members of the organization the Gate
• Ask members of the organization to register their • Ring
vehicle. N security
Is the ID Present
• Attach RFID vehicle tag corresponding to RFID alarm
smart card on to the vehicle.
Y
• Register mobile number on which member wants the
updates.
• Give brief introduction about the system. ID is of the N
• For the visitors Organization?
• Ask visitor to register their vehicle.
• Attach RFID vehicle tag corresponding to RFID
smart card on to the vehicle. Y
Send a text
• Register mobile number on which visitor wants the message to
updates. the
• Give brief introduction about the system. ID same as that N registered
When the already registered vehicle comes in parking for associated with mobile
Vehicle number
check-in then system will check database. If the vehicle is
already registered and authorized person is carrying the
vehicle then barrier will open-up for the vehicle to park in.
(Fig 1). Y
When any registered vehicle wants to check-out then
Read Vehicle Information
system will check the details in database whether the vehicle
is already checked-out. If not then the system will check for
the authorized user who is checking out with the vehicle. If
Store check-in Information
DATABAS
E

• Open the Gate

• Close the Gate


Fig. 1 Check-in process of parking place
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III. IMPLEMENTATION
If the check-out vehicle is a visitor vehicle then Platform: - Windows 32bit
system will strictly check that the visitor id should be same as Language: - JAVA jdk1.7.0_07
the associated vehicle id and after successful check-out, Database: - My SQL, MS Access
security will collect the visitor smart card as well as the Smart card RFID tag: - Passive RFID card Tag (Fig. 3)
vehicle tag pasted on the vehicle. Vehicle RFID tag: - Passive RFID Tag (Fig. 4)
Check-out point RFID Reader: - Passive Tag reader (Rapid Radio) (Fig. 5)
Software version: - 1.06
Hardware Version:-1.00
Serial Number:-RRHFLB0100000223
Vehicle Type: - Two Wheeler (bicycles, motor bike).

Read vehicle ID

Did the vehicle N

check-in?

Y
• Do not Fig. 3 Smart Card
Read member ID open
the Gate
• Ring
N
Is the ID Present security
alarm
Y

ID is of the N Fig. 4 Vehicle RFID Tag

Organization? There are four modules in application
• Member registration module:- All the personal
information of the user will be stored in the database.
Y
Send a text • Vehicle registration module:- Vehicle RFID tag will be
message to allocated to user in association with member smart card.
the • Check-in module: - This module will work at the time of
ID same as that N check-in of the vehicle.
registered
associated with mobile • Check-out module: - This module will work at the time
Vehicle number of check-out of the vehicle.

Read Vehicle Information

Store check-out Information

DATABAS
E

• Open the Gate Fig. 5 RFID Reader

• Close the Gate

Fig. 2 Check-out process of parking place


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IV. RESULTS Vehicle check-in: - The Fig 8 and Fig 9 are snapshots at the
The application was developed with a user friendly GUI. time of vehicle check-in.
There are some issues which are listed below:-
• Employee is having other employee’s vehicle.
• Check-in and check-out is allowed only in case of
registered user and registered vehicle
• In case of theft there will be alarm to the security and
SMS facility to the authorized employee.
The interface provides the following facilities:-
• Member registration
• Vehicle registration
• Vehicle check-in
• Vehicle check-out
Member registration: - Fig 6 is snapshots at the time of
member registration.

Fig. 8 Vehicle Check-in

Vehicle check-out: - The Fig 9 is snapshots at the time of
vehicle check-out.

Fig. 6 Member registration

Vehicle registration: - The Fig 7 is snapshots at the time of
vehicle registration.
Fig. 9 Vehicle Check-out
V. DISCUSSION
Below are listed the possibilities or situations that would occur
in real life implementation of this smart parking system:
• Authorised user check- in:- This is the routine case
when the authorised user is doing check in and check out of
his vehicle.
• Other members check-in:-This is the case when an
employee is carrying some other employee’s vehicle.
• Vehicle not registered:-In this case the employee or any
other member is tring to get a vehicle in, which is not
registered with the organization.
• Not a member of organization:-In this case the person
trying to get the vehicle in or out is not an employee of the
organization.
• Provide vehicle ID first:- In this case RFID reader
reads the employee ID first or user provides his ID first while
the limitation of this application is that it will read the vehicle
Fig. 7 Vehicle registration ID first.


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• Already fetched Vehicle ID:- This case means the RFID
reader reads the vehicle ID again instead of reading the
employee ID.
• MISS:-This case takes place when the reader misses to
read the vehicle ID and employee ID because of distance
limitation.
The application was tested for varying distances of the RFID
reader from the vehicle. The distances chosen were 30cm, 70
cm and 1 m and for each distance the application was tested
60 times. The following graphs were obtained which show the
number of various cases under which check-in was successful
or unsuccessful.
Fig. 10 (at a distance of 30cm)
Fig. 11 (at a distance of 70cm)
Fig. 12 (at a distance of 1M)
The graph also implies 100% accuracy as no
unauthorised person could check-in provided that the RFID
reader is placed at an optimum distance.
Fig. 13 Comparison of the result
VI. CONCLUSION
This system is very secure for parking; members do not need
to worry about their vehicles and they can focus on their work.
In case of any mishap, members will be updated through
messages. When RFID reader is placed at an optimum
distance the results are 100% accurate; however as the
distance of RFID reader increases from the vehicle the
accuracy of the system decreases because of the limited range
of the RFID tags used. We could use RFID tags with greater
read range to increase the accuracy of the system. This system
also reduces the man-power and attention required as
whenever anything goes wrong the alarm will ring and
security will be alerted before any theft attempt succeeds.
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