Constant

Pressure
Process
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Constant pressure process

An isobaric process is a thermodynamic process

taking place at constant pressure. The term isobaric
has been derived from the Greek words “iso” and
“baros” meaning equal pressure. As such, the constant
pressure is obtained when the volume is expanded or
contracted. This basically neutralizes any pressure
change due to the transfer of heat.
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Application

An example of the isobaric process includes the

boiling of water to steam or the freezing of water to
ice. In the process, a gas either expands or
contracts to maintain constant pressure and hence
the net amount of work is done by the system or on
the system.
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Relationship between pressure,

volume, and temperature
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Relationship between pressure,

volume, and temperature

𝑝! = 𝑝"
𝑉" 𝑇"
=
𝑉! 𝑇!
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Nonflow work
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Nonflow work

𝑊! = 𝑝(𝑉" − 𝑉# )
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Steady flow work

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Steady flow work

𝑊$ = 0
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Change of internal energy

∆𝑈 = 𝑚𝑐% (𝑇" − 𝑇# )
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Change of enthalpy

∆𝐻 = 𝑚𝑐& (𝑇" − 𝑇# )
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Heat transferred

𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐& (𝑇" − 𝑇# )
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Change in entropy
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Change in entropy

𝑇"
∆𝑆 = 𝑚𝑐& 𝑙𝑛
𝑇#
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Sample Problem

A certain gas, with c=0.529 Btu/lb.R and R = 96.2 ft.lb/lbR, expands from 5
cubic feet and 80°F to 15 cubic feet while the pressure remains constant at
15.5 psia. Compute (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) Δ U, and (d) Δ S. (e) For an internally
reversible nonflow process, what is the work?
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Sample Problem

A certain gas, with cp=0.529 Btu/lb.R and R = 96.2 ft.lb/lbR, expands from 5
cubic feet and 80°F to 15 cubic feet while the pressure remains constant at
15.5 psia. Compute (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) Δ U, and (d) Δ S. (e) For an internally
reversible nonflow process, what is the work?
𝑉! = 5 𝑓𝑡 " 𝑇! = 80℉ 𝑉# = 15 𝑓𝑡 " 𝑝 = 15.5 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑇# = 1160℉
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Sample Problem

A certain gas, with cp=0.529 Btu/lb.R and R = 96.2 ft.lb/lbR, expands from 5
cubic feet and 80°F to 15 cubic feet while the pressure remains constant at
15.5 psia. Compute (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) Δ U, and (d) Δ S. (e) For an internally
reversible nonflow process, what is the work?
𝑉! = 5 𝑓𝑡 " 𝑇! = 80℉ 𝑉# = 15 𝑓𝑡 " 𝑝 = 15.5 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑇# = 1160℉
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Sample Problem

A certain gas, with cp=0.529 Btu/lb.R and R = 96.2 ft.lb/lbR, expands from 5
cubic feet and 80°F to 15 cubic feet while the pressure remains constant at
15.5 psia. Compute (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) Δ U, and (d) Δ S. (e) For an internally
reversible nonflow process, what is the work?
𝑉! = 5 𝑓𝑡 " 𝑇! = 80℉ 𝑉# = 15 𝑓𝑡 " 𝑝 = 15.5 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑇# = 1160℉
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Sample Problem

A certain gas, with cp=0.529 Btu/lb.R and R = 96.2 ft.lb/lbR, expands from 5
cubic feet and 80°F to 15 cubic feet while the pressure remains constant at
15.5 psia. Compute (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) Δ U, and (d) Δ S. (e) For an internally
reversible nonflow process, what is the work?
𝑉! = 5 𝑓𝑡 " 𝑇! = 80℉ 𝑉# = 15 𝑓𝑡 " 𝑝 = 15.5 𝑝𝑠𝑖𝑎 𝑇# = 1160℉
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Sample Problem

A perfect gas has a value of R=319.2 J/kgK and k=1.26. If 120 kJ are added
to 2.27 kg of this gas at constant pressure when the initial temperature is
32.2°C, find (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) ΔU, and (d) work for a nonfow process.
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Sample Problem

A perfect gas has a value of R=319.2 J/kgK and k=1.26. If 120 kJ are added
to 2.27 kg of this gas at constant pressure when the initial temperature is
32.2°C, find (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) ΔU, and (d) work for a nonfow process.
𝑘𝐽
𝑅 = 0.3192 𝑘 = 1.26 𝑄 = 120 𝑘𝐽 𝑇! = 32.2℃ 𝑇# = 66.37℃
𝑘𝑔𝐾
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Sample Problem

A perfect gas has a value of R=319.2 J/kgK and k=1.26. If 120 kJ are added
to 2.27 kg of this gas at constant pressure when the initial temperature is
32.2°C, find (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) ΔU, and (d) work for a nonfow process.
𝑘𝐽
𝑅 = 0.3192 𝑘 = 1.26 𝑄 = 120 𝑘𝐽 𝑇! = 32.2℃ 𝑇# = 66.37℃
𝑘𝑔𝐾
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Sample Problem

A perfect gas has a value of R=319.2 J/kgK and k=1.26. If 120 kJ are added
to 2.27 kg of this gas at constant pressure when the initial temperature is
32.2°C, find (a) T2, (b) ΔH, (c) ΔU, and (d) work for a nonfow process.
𝑘𝐽
𝑅 = 0.3192 𝑘 = 1.26 𝑄 = 120 𝑘𝐽 𝑇! = 32.2℃ 𝑇# = 66.37℃
𝑘𝑔𝐾
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