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1.1 Number Patterns and Sigma Notation: XX X X
1.1 Number Patterns and Sigma Notation: XX X X
1 3 5 7
c , , , ,... d 3x , 6 x 2 , 9 x 3 ,12 x 4 ,...
5 10 15 20
a =
un un −1 + 4 , u1 = −7 b=un 3 ( un −1 − 1) , u1 = 5
4
un = ( un −1 ) , u1 = −2
2
c un = , u1 = 27 d
un −1 + 1
1 2 4 8
c , , , ,... d x, 2 x + 1, 4 x + 3, 8 x + 7,...
3 3 3 3
4 For each of the following series in sigma notation, find the terms and calculate the sum.
5 6 6
a ∑2
n =1
n −1
b ∑ (3k + 8)
k =0
c ∑ (a
a =2
2
− 3a )
4 4
2x 3
∑n ∑ x +1 ∑ ( −4)
n
d 3
e f
n =1 x =1 n= 0
a 4 + 7 + 10 + 13 + 16 + 19 b 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16
1 1 2 5
c + + + +1 d 3x + 5x + 7 x + 9 x + 11x + 13x + 15x
3 2 3 6
e −5 + 8 − 11 + 14 − 17 + 20 − 23 f 3 + 9 + 27 + 81 + ...
Answers
1 a i 34, 41, 48
ii u1 = 6 , and d = 13 − 6 = 7 , so un = 6 + 7 ( n − 1) = 7n − 1
iii The sequence is arithmetic, because there is a common difference between each
of the terms.
200
ii u1 = 400 , and
= r = 2 , so un = 400 2n −1
400
( )
iii The sequence is geometric, because there is a common ratio between terms.
9 11 13
c i , ,
25 30 35
1 + 2 ( n − 1) 2n − 1
So un
= =
5 + 5 ( n − 1) 5n
ii We can look at the coefficient and the power as two different sequences.
( )( (
So un =3 + 3 ( n − 1) x x n −1 )) =3nx n
e i -1, -5, -9
iii The sequence is arithmetic, because there is a common difference between each
of the terms.
−12
= −3 , so un = 4 ⋅ ( −3)
n −1
ii u1 = 4 , and r =
4
iii The sequence is geometric, because there is a common ratio between terms.
2 a The first term is -7, and each subsequent term is 4 more than the previous term, so
the first six terms are 7, 11, 15, 19, 23, 30.
b The first term is 5. To find each subsequent term, we subtract 1 from the previous
term and multiply the result by 3, so the first six terms are 5, 12, 33, 96, 285, 852.
c The first term is 27, and to find each subsequent term, we divide 4 by one more than
1 7 8 36 68
the previous term. The first six terms are 27, , , , , .
7 2 9 17 53
d The first term is -2, and to find each subsequent term, we square the previous term.
The first six terms are -2, 4, 16, 256, 65536, 4294967296.
un = ( un −1 ) , u1 = 4
2
3 a b =
un un −1 + 2n −1 , u1 = 5
1
c un = 2un −1 , u1 = d un 2 ( un −1 ) + 1 , u1 = x
=
3
4 a 21−1 + 22 −1 + 23 −1 + 24 −1 + 25 −1 = 20 + 21 + 22 + 23 + 24
= 1 + 2 + 4 + 8 + 16 =31
c (2 2
) ( ) (
− 3 (2 ) + 32 − 3 (3) + 42 − 3 ( 4 ) + 52 − 3 (5) + 62 − 3 ( 6 )) ( ) ( )
= −2 + 0 + 4 + 10 + 18 =30
d 13 + 23 + 33 + 43 = 1 + 8 + 27 + 64 =
100
5 Note: In this question, other answers are possible, depending on the letter used for the index,
and the values selected for the upper and lower limits.
6 5 5
k +1
a ∑ 3n + 1
n =1
b ∑2
x =1
x −1
c ∑
k =1 6
7 7 ∞
n =1 n =1 k =1