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Artisan: Definitive
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Gould 4072/4074
Operators Manual
•} GOULD
Electronics
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Introduction
NOTE: This is a combined operating manual for both the functions to be easily accessed. For example, up to four
4072 2-Channcl and the 4074 4-Channel Digital Storage control setups including attenuator, trigger, GPJB and
Oscilloscope. RS423 settings can be stored in battery-backed memory for
Throughout the operating manual the following convention future usc with the 'Save and Recall Setups' menu.
applies;- The trigger menu allows the 4070's triggering system to be
4070 ~ refers to both the 4072 and 4074. controlled using a 'Trigger Configuration Diagram'. This is
4072- refers to only the 2 channel 4072. designed to mimic the way that most users think about com-
4074- refers to only the 4 channel 4074. plex triggering requirements. It displays a flow diagram
allowing various conditional triggering options to be set and
Gould's 4070 series of digital oscilloscopes have hecn combined appropriately. Options include event counting,
designed with the user in mind. These highly sophisticated time delays. and trace B to wait for triggering on trace A.
instruments are particularly easy to usc.
The Display menu allows control of some of the 4070's most
To obtain a trace is especially simple- just connect the sig- advanced facilities. For example, using this menu, it is pos~
nal and press the Auto Setup button the 4070 does the sihle to select the glitch detection function. This can be used
rest. Having obtained a trace. three readily accessible cur- to detect transients as brief as 5ns even on the slowest
sors make il easy to take timing and voltage measurements timcbasc ranges. It is also useful for alias detection in cer-
directly from the screen. The huilt~in plotter or an external tain circumstances. Another option, particularly useful
plotter using HPGL can be used to make a hard copy of the when a trace has been magnified in the X direction, is inter-
display for future reference a:-. well. polation. The 4070 is able to perform rapid sine interpola-
For the more advanced user. the 4070 series have a great tion on captured signals. Points arc calculated and inserted
deal to offer. The GPIB(IEEE4SS) and RS423(RS-232) between the actual samples which make up the originally
interfaces a !lows control by a computer, hence the oscillo- captured trace. The original trace data is not lost and the
scope can be left unattended whilst it continues to take mea- uninterpolated display can he retrieved at any time. The
surements and plot traces as and when required. All of tht.: 4070 can also perform linear interpolation if required.
operating functions can be controlled by the computer and The oscilloscope is also fitted with a keypad interface,
the oscilloscope can output complete trace data to the com- allowing Gould waveform processors to he connected to
puter for further analysis. provide extra functions. These include automatic measure-
The 4070 incorporates a software menu system allowing ment of risetimc. overshoot and frequency.
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Operation Section 1
ID
ID
Alpha
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trace
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(Version X.X )
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- -
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Operation Section 1
Given that the current sweep rate is 50p,s per screen divi-
sion, a single push and release of the paddle to the right will
change the 'timebase' from 50fl-S per division to 20fl-S per AC/Gnd/Dc<i)
division. The displayed signa! will stretch accordingly. A This button controls the type of coupling between the input
second single push to the right will change the timehase signal and the 4070. DC is the most generally applicable,
again, this time to 10JLS. and auto setup will normally set this control to DC where
If you keep pushing the paddle to the right. you will find possible. However, if when using the instrument you find
that the fastest timebase is 20ns per screen division. You that there is a permanent vertical offset in the display- i.e.
may notice that at l 00,50 and 20ns per division, the oscillos- the signal is consistently displayed too high or too low on
cope builds up the image gradually. This is because it uses the screen - you could try pressing this button once to set it
a method called 'Equivalent Time Sampling' or ETS for the to A C. This will cause the 4070 to remove any DC compo-
faster tirnebases. It takes a number of random samples of nent which may be causing the offset. Repeated pressing of
the signal and adds them to the display to build up the final this button will cause it to cycle through the three settings
result. This is only useful for repetitive input signals. AC, Ground and DC
If you now push the paddle to the left you will sec the With this control set to DC, the 4070 can display signals in
time base change in the opposite direction. The maximum a frequency range of OHz(DC) to lOOMHz. On AC, the
time per division is 20s; the 4070 will take over 3 minutes to range is 10Hz to IOOMHz~ With the setting on Gnd
acquire a full trace at this speed. l·Iowever, assuming you (ground) a OV reference only is displayed (the input signal
arc applying the 4kHz signal mentioned earlier, when the is not connected to ground or coupled to the trace in this
time base reaches 50ms, an 'alias' becomes visible. case).
This control is discussed in more detail in Section 1.2.
1 7
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Operation Section 1
sample
actual signal
«0\\j/(\\ I/\\ f\
\ I \
/
illusory image
I
v v
Figure 1.1.6 Alias Generation
Too much vertical shift - correct with the vertical Trigger on AUTO - With low frequency inputs,
Position paddle. below 40Hz, AUTO trigger
will not work correctly.
Too much post storage shift- cancel post storage shift. Select Normal trigger.
Input has large DC offset - AC couple input signal. Input non-repetitive - Select NORM trigger mode
- correct with position paddle. and S/ShoL
- use a less sensitive range.
Input has many non- - use divide by N.
Problem: Trace not heing acquired. identical trigger points
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Operation Section 1
shown in front of the attenuator setting when variable is A Pressing this button switches the A light on and off.
used. Also. when switching between Cal and Uncal the var- When the A light is illuminated, the Position paddle
iable setting is memorised so that the 'Uncal' ratio can be will add post-storage shift to the A trace.
recalled. B Pressing this button switches the B light on and off.
When the B light is illuminated. the Position paddle
Example screen display: will add post~storagc shift to the B trace.
Channel 1 is set to a sensitivity of 5 volts per Note: Post-storage shift is only available on live traces
screen division. when in dual timebase mode, when it is useful for pro-
ducing trace separation. Post-storage shift may be
C2>20m V Channel2 is uncalihrated and the attenuator is added to traces in single timebase modes, but only
set to a reduced sensitivity. (i.e. greater than when held.
20mV per screen division.)
Cursors@
The status of the Step/Var button is indicated by the illumi-
nated letters above the button. Depending upon this, the The cursors may be called onto any channel by pressing the
VOLTS/DIV paddle will operate as follows: respective channel's Cursor button. If only one timcbase is
in usc then the cursors will go onto the only displayed trace.
Cal When Cal is illuminated the paddle steps the
In dual time base mode. the cursors will initially appear on
attcnuator through the discrete calibrated ranges
trace A: a second press of the button will transfer them to
from 2mV to SV per screen division in 1, 2, 5 steps.
the B trace. A third press of the button switches the cursors
With a xlO probe the ranges arc 20mV to 50V per
off.
division at the probe input.
For a full description of cursor operation. sec Section 1.6.
Uncal The coarse setting of the attenuator remains
unchanged, but a variable gain is applied to the input
signa!. This gain has a range of l to about 0.4. Thus.
with an initial setting of l V, the actual sensitivity of 1.3 HORIZONTAL POSITION AND TIMEBASE
the channel could be set by the paddle to anywhere
The controls discussed in this section allow the trace to be
between 1V and 2.5V per division.
moved sidew;Jys. magnified (i.e. stretched). and observed
at widely varying sweep rates, allowing signals of greatly
Note: If the Gould ?836 x10 probe is used, it will be
differing characteristics to be examined with equal ease.
detected and the correct sensitivity will be displayed.
Timebase Settings G)
The two time bases which arc available for the input signal
Position ® arc set by the A and B 'TIME/DIV' paddles. As with all the
paddles. these arc five position switches; they control the
The Position paddle controls the vertical position of the rate at which the time base is changed.
trace(s) for its channeL It has the following settings: Fast
Moving either of the paddles to the left reduces the sweep
up, slow up. no shift, slow down and fast down.
speed (acquisition rate) forth at trace. When 20 seconds per
If either of the A orB Post Storage lights are lit, then the division is reached, further leftward presses will be ignored.
Position paddle will apply 'post~storage shift' to the relevant Moving the paddle to the right increases the sweep speed,
trace(s). The paddle will move the trace in the same way as up to :1 maximum of 20ns/div (sec 'Equivalent Time Sampl-
before. When the light Is off, the trace will return to its orig- ing' below). The paddles change the timebasc in 1, 2, 5
inal vertical position. This shifted position is memorised steps.
and can he recalled later by switching the light on again.
One of the special features of this oscilloscope is its ability
When post~storagc shift is used. any part of the trace which
to display the input signals alternately on two independent
would have been off~screen at the ADC limits will be
tirnebases. For example, it is permissible to display the A
replaced by a horizontal line.
trace with its time base set to lms/div and then display the B
freezing a trace and determining which traces may he Note: The fastest non~ETS (see below) capture rate is
affected by the Position paddle: 250ns per division. There is no 200nsldiv range.
Hold Freezes the trace on the screen the moment it is pres~
sed. In dual timcbase mode, both traces will be held. Equivalent Time Sampling
It is not possible to have one timcbase held whilst The three fastest time base ranges, 100, 50 and 20ns/divi-
keeping the other one live. sion, arc produced by Equivalent Time Sampling, or ETS.
11
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Operation Section 1
G)_
..________AlB TRIGGER
I .-~,~_~,~~------~,=~,~,~--
Status I t I I IL
A ,~,L-----------------
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Operation Section 1
15
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Operation Section 1
On the 4070 there arc three buttons lahcl!cd 'Hold'. One is the minor cursor, when moved horizontally, automatically
located in a group including buttons S/Shot and Continuous: follows the trace. up and down as welL
Hold G) Freezes the displayed traces immediately irrcs··
pcctivc of the stage any ongoing acquisition m:1y have
reached. The Hold lights of the respective channels Making Measurements
will be illuminated. To release hold simply press the Exampll!: Frequency and Peak ro Peak Volragc.
Hold button again.
In Figure 1.6.2, the time and voltage datum cursors have
The other two 'Hold' buttons arc associated \vith the been positioned using the DATlJM paddles so that they
two vertical channels; they can be found next to the cross at the trough of the waveform. The minor cursor has
Position paddles. (Sec Section 1.2). been positioned at the peak of the waveform using the Cur~
Hold These buttons freeze the traces of the selected chan- sor paddle. The voltage is given at the bottom of the display
nel only. The Hold light will be illuminated. To in the form 'TRIA: 5.25V'. In other words. the vertical dif-
release the channel hold simply press the channel ference between the point where the minor cursor in terse~
Hold button again. (Sec also Sections 1.2 and 1.3). cts the trace and the voltage datum cursor is 5. 25 Volts. The
'TRIA' tells you that the measurement was obtained from
channcll trace A.
1.6 CURSOR MEASUREMENTS At the bottom right of the screen is the reading '551.0 fJ-S',
The 4070 allows you to take direct measurements from the i.e. the time diffcn:ncc between the minor cursor and the
screen display automatically. using inbuilt cursors. These time datum cursor is 551 microseconds. This reading is for
arc movable reference lines which the oscil!oscopc can dis- half a cycle. so the reading for a fu!l cycle should be 1102
play. It takes the measurements between these lines. microseconds. The frequency is therefore 1/ll.OOJ !02 =
tJ07Hz. Greater accuracy could he obtained by moving the
minor cursor to the next trough (where the voltage differ-
Cursor Selection G) ence is zero) and finding the frequency for a complete cycle.
The cursors for each channel arc switched on or off using In general, greatest accuracy is obtained by taking measure-
the Cursor button for the respective channel. If the cursors ments where the slope of the waveform is at its steepest.
are on. this will he indicated by a light above the button. If such as at 0 Volts rather than at -2.125V as in this cxmnplc.
X magnification (sec Section 1.3) is in usc, the cursors may
not be visible on the screen, but this is easily remedied using
the paddles described below. The cursors can be used on
E:xample: Rise Time
either the A or B traces, selected by successive presses of
the button, assuming both traces arc active. The rise time of a wave is the time it takes to traverse the
central HO'X1 of its vertical movement. To measure the rise
Cursor One press of this button brings the cursors on the A
time of, say, a simple sine wave such as that shown in Figure
time base trace. Another press moves them to the B
1.6.3, you would first of all measure the peak to peak vol-
time base trace. A third press of the button switches
tage as shown in the previous example. Suppose the result
the cursors off. If only one timcbase is displayed, the
of this measurement is 5.25V. Now you would move tbc
cursors will be called up onto that trace; a further
time datum cursor to the right using the right-hand DATlJM
press of the button will de-select the cursors.
paddle until it is at a point 10% of the way up the waveform.
Also, usc the left-hand DATUM paddle to move
The Cursors
the voltage datum cursor up so that it intersects the time
Once activated by a press of the Cursor hutton, three cur- datum cursor at the point where it crosses the trace. This
sors will appear, as indicated in Figure 1.6.2. The large would be where the vertical difference between the voltage
dashed vertical line is the 'time datum' cursor and the short datum cursor and the mmor cursor was 5.25-
vertical line is the 'minor' cursor. The dashed horizontal 0.525~4. 725V. You would then move the CURSOR paddle
line is known as the 'voltage datum' cursor. Note that if the so that the vertical difference reduces to 4. 725-0.525 =4.2V.
cursors are already selected for one channel, selection of The reading in the lower right-hand corner of the screen
cursors for the other channel will automatically swap them would then be the rise time.
over to the new channel. Movement of the cursors !S
achieved using the DATUM and ClJRSOR paddles.
Movement@ 1.71NPUT/OUTPUT
The three cursor movement paddles are each five-position The 4070 is equipped with RS423 and GPJB(IEEE488)
switches. 'T'he left-hand DATlJM 3 paddle moves the vol- interfaces, allowing communication with a host computer.
tage datum cursor vertically. and the right-hand DATlJM Tn addition, there is also a keypad option and a Miscellane-
paddle moves the 'time datum' cursor horizontally. The ous I/0 connector, which among other things is used for the
Cursor paddle moves the minor cursor along the trace- i.e. analog plot outputs.
17
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Operation Section 1
Pin No. Name Description To load paper or instal! pens sec below.
1 Plot X out Plot X ramp In addition to its normal function. the Abort button will also
2 Y:2 Plot out Y2outputchannel feed enough paper to enable easy removal of the partially
} not used plotted picture.
4 PL2 Pen Lift 2
'i OVA OV analogue
6 EXT PC External Plot Clock Paper Loading
7 OVL OVLogic Please usc only Gould paper (Part No:- 04101165 for a
s not used pack of R rolls).
9 Plot Y out Y 1 output channel
]() not used When loading the internal plotter please follow these steps:
ll PLl Pen Lift 1 .1. With scissors, cut the end of the paper square.
12 IIV A OVanalogue 2. Open the printer cover by depressing the catch and
L1 +5V +5V, ]I)OmA max. lifting the cover until it is fully open.
14 IIVL OV Logic 3. Remove the cardboard roll from the shaft (ifthe plot-
15 OVL OVLogic ter has been used previously).
4. Insert the end of the paper into the slot in the bottom
Note: The +SV output on this socket is for test pur~ of the plotter.
poses only. If it is used for any reason then the total cur- 5. Insert the shaft into the roll and place the roll of paper
rent must not exceed 1OOmA. into paper compartment.
19
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Operation Section 1
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Operation Section 1
Strings The simplest form of record has a single string and is termi-
nated by a df> with EO I.
A string is the smallest complete message that can be sent
over the bus. e.g. "HSA=)f_:_:-:; df)" EOI asserted \Vi!h df>
e.g. "HSA~5E+3'' If a record (or a block) exceeds ~Q characters. the command
interpreter will process the record as far as it can.
Commas may be used as separators within a string and
semi-colons can be used to separate strings from each other. Each complete command string within the R2 character
group will be executed. though an error message may he
e.g. "HSA~5E+3;ST!~ I ,2,3 ...
returned if part of a further command string occurs at the
A string may contain only ASCII characters, except binary end of the buffer. This command will however be correctly
blocks (sec later). The space, character codes above 127 executed once it has been received complete.
(decimal) and control codes other than line feed will be
ignored. Command Types
There are three types of command:
Numbers
Interrogative This is a request for information about instru-
Numbers that appear in commands must conform to certain
ment status or for the contents of a memory to be
conditions:
transmitted.
I. the number must contain less than 20 characters:
Assertive These commands request a change in one of the
2. the mantissa must be an integer. i.e. it rnustiH)t con- settings or memory of the instrument. They are only
tain a decirnal point; valid when in Remote or Local Lock Ou! mode. They
3. the mantissa may contain a sign(+/-);+ will he have the form 'parameter= setting'.
assumed if none is specified: Direct Action Assertive These commands have u direct
4. the exponent is optional; if included it must he pre- action rather than changing a setting. They arc only
ccedcd by an 'E'; valid in Remote and Local Lock Out modes.
23
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Operation Section 1
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Operation Section 1
5
]()
EXTERNAL
PL'IDST GPIB Plot Destination A,l
ANSGL
ANDL
PRNT
SRL
PLTGT ON Plot Graticule A,!
OFF
PLTMD AUTO Plot Mode A ,I
SNGL
PLTR ON Plot Traces Only A ,I
OFF
'1
.7
RCLMS'
REFM' mass transfer
TRCJA
Recall Machine State
Reference Store Transfer
D
A,!
TRCJB
TRC2A
TRC2!3
REL Release D
RM'HS number Reference Trace Hor. Scaling A ,I
RM'VS [-J[• ]number[·· J Reference Trace Vert. Scaling A,l
27
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Operation Section 1
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Explanation: In its assertive form this command moves the Explanation: This command affects only the GPIB inter-
time datum cursor to the specified position on the screen. face. When EOI is asserted this indicates the end of the pre-
The range is 0 to +10.07 . zero being the left-hand edge of sent transmission. If EOJ =OFF then E01 will be ignored if
the screen and 10.07 being the right-hand edge. asserted. EOI = ON is the default at power on.
(Sec 'Blocks' Section 1.8).
Examples: DATMH~9.4
Examples: EOI~OFF
DATMH
'DATMH~3.7' (4070 response) EO!
'EOI~OF'f' (4070 response)
See also: DATMV, CSRHP, CSRVP, Section 1.6
1 See also:
'DISPLA Y~TRACE' (4070 response)
CH*, Section 2.1 Function: Command List
Type: [nterrogativc
Function: End or Identify Syntax: HELP
Type: Assertive, Interrogative Explanation: When this command is issued the 4070
Syntax: EO! responds with a list of ;:dl the allowable command names.
EOI~[ONJ or [OFF] See also: ALL
31
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Operation Section 1
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Operation Section 1
Examples: PLTMD ~A liTO Explanation: The reference trace stores of the 4070 can be
transfcred to and from the host computer, or set equal to
PLTMD one of the display trace stores. Each store consists of 1008
'PLTMD~SNGL' (4070 response) data samples. the first data sample being from the left-hand
Note: There ar(' only two ways to stop the instrument once edge of the screen and successive samples corning from one
A l.JTO mode is asserted: press Ahort on the front panel; or position further right each time.
send ih'l'iCI! clear. The format of the data field is dependent on the specified
See also: Section 1. 7 block length. If BLL=O then this will consist of 1008 num-
bers in the specified numeric base followed by <Cr> df> with
E.OI on the df,, if asserted. If BLL is non-zero then the data
Fum"tion: Plot Traces Only
field will consist of a number of blocks of data each sepa-
Type: Assertive, Interrogative rated by <Cr> df> with EOI (if selected) on the last df,.The
Syntax: PI.TR numeric base of the data is determined by the NB com-
PLTR~[ON] or [OFFJ mand.
Explanation: On the internal plotter and in the two external The command REFM* can only be used interrogatively and
digital plot modes it is possible to plot traces. the graticulc has the same effect as issuing the commands REFM l to
and cc;ome alphanumerics. When PLTR=ON the graticule REFM8 separately. The instrument responds by sending
and alphanumerics will not be plotted. even ifPLTGTON. the contents of each store in the selected number base.
In analog plot modes PLTR=OFF is an invalid selection. It is also possible to copy one of the screen traces into a
This command determines the format of the plot; it does reference store with this command. The screen traces are
not plot anything directly. referred to as TRClA. TRC!B. TRC2A to TRC4B.
Examples: PLTR~ON Examples: REFMI~TRCIA
PLTR REFM2
'PLTR~OFF' (4070 response) 'REFM2~3 ,25 ,89 .2 ... 123.-5 .4,6'
See also: PLTGT, Section 1.7 Notes: The format of the transmitted data is the same as the
received data. Additional backup stores can be created in the
host computer by retaining this data and transmitting it back
to the instrument at a later date.
Function: Recall Machine Setup
See also: BL, BLL. NB, TRC' A. TRC'B
Type: Direct Action Assertive
Syntax: RCLMSl
RCLMS2
RCLMS3
RCLMS4 Function: Release
Explanation: This command recalls one of the backed-up Type: Direct Action Assertive
machine setups. ·rhese are setups for all the instrument's Syntax: REL
controls, i.e. attcnuator settings, timebase ranges, trigger
Explanation: This command has the same effect as pressing
source and coupling, etc.
the front panel button Continuous.
Example: RCLMS3
Example: REL
Sec also: Section 2.6
See also: ARM, Section 1.5
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Operation Section 1
Function: Service Request Value Explanation: This command allows the present value of the
Type: Interrogative trigger 'delay by time' function for tirncbases A and B to be
read or changed. The minimum time delay is minus 10.24
Syntax: SRQV screen divisions, the maximum is given in the table below.
Explanation: When an error is generated in the instrument, Negative time delays capture events prior to the trigger
either through an invalid command being issued or for any point (this is called pre-trigger). The amount of pre-trigger
other reason, a service request is generated. This command is expressed as a percentage, i.e. -IOO.O (100°;{) pre-trigger)
allows the user to ascertain what the error is and then deter- places the trigger point on the right-hand edge oft he screen
mine its cause. The service requests arc listed below: and 0.0 (0% pre-trigger) places it on the left-hand edge.
Positive time delay settings capture events after the trigger
SRQ No. Meaning point, and arc expressed in seconds.
0 ok Time base range Max. TDEL
74 completed 20s/div toO.lms/div 99.9s
96 invalid command
50,us/div to 50ns/div 0.99s
99 command buffer overflow
100 selection failure 20ns 0.40s
101 not al!owcd when local Examples: TDEL~-50
102 syntax error in parameter field
TDEL
103 number out of range
'TEL~o.o• (4070 response)
104 length error
105 checksum error See also: TEVNT, Section 1.4
Example: SRQV
'SROV~74• (4070 response)
Function: Trigger Delay by Events
Note: The lasttwo service request numbers, 104 and 105, are
only generated by errors in bulk transmissions. Type: Assertive, Interrogative
See also: Section 1. 7 Syntax: TEVNT
TEVNT=number
Explanation: On the 4070 it is possible to delay the start of
acquisition from arm by a number of trigger events. The
specified number of trigger events will be required before
Function: Acquisition Status
an acquisition can begin. The range is from 1 to 999999. The
Type: Interrogative selected trigger mode must be: ADIVN, BDELN,
Syntax: STAT BGATA-DELN or BGAT-ADIVN.
Examples: TEVNT~951
Explanation: This command allows the user to determine
which stage the instrument has reached in an acquisition. TEVNT
The three states are given below: 'TEVNT~3' (4070 response)
Note: A trigger event is a valid trigger as determined by the
Value State
trigger source, coupling, level and slope controls.
ARMD Armed but not yet triggered
See also: TDELA, TRGMDA. Section 1.4
TRIGD Triggered, acquisition in progress
STORD Stored, trace acquisition complete.
Example: STAT
'STAT=TRIGD' (4070 response)
Function: Auto trigger mode on or off
See also: Section 1.5
Type: Assertive, Interrogative
37
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Operation Section 1
The format of the data field is dependent on the specified Function: Vertical Trace Scaling
block length. If BLL=O then this will consist of !OOR num- Type: Assertive, Interrogative
bers in the specified numeric base followed hy <Cr> db with
EOl on the df>. If BLL is non~zcro then the data field will Syntax: TRVSIA
consist of a number of blocks each separated by <cr, ,Jf, with TRYSIB
E.OI on the last <lf), if asserted. TRYS2A
TRYS2B
The commands TRC* A and TRC*B can only he used inter-
TRYS lA=[- ][>[number[-~ J
rogatively. These arc equivalent to issuing the commands TRYSIB=[-][>]numbcr[- J
TRCIA, TRC2A and TRCI B, TRC2B respectively, the TRYS2A=[-J[>Jnumher[- J
instrument responds with the data from each trace.
TRYS2B=[-][<]numbcr[ -1
Examples: TRCIA=REFM2 TRYS3A=[-][•)numbcr[-] (4074 only)
TRCB TRYS3B=[- Jf• ]number[~·] ( 4074 only)
'TRCIB~3,20,2, 1,0 .... ,34;
TRYS4A=[-J[<]numbcr[-] (4074 only)
TRC2B=3,50,1,2, ... ,45,6 •cr><lf>' TRYS4B=[-][•Jnumbcr[-] (4074 only)
See also: EO!, REFM', BL, BLL, NB, WIND Explanation: When a display trace is stored the vertical scal-
ing is also stored. This value can be changed or interrogated
with this command. The range is 2mV per division to 5V per
division in I. 2, 5 steps. In addition to the scaling there are
three other pieces of information that may be specified:
Function: Horizontal Trace Scaling
Trace invert
Type: Assertive. Interrogative Unca!ibratcd
Syntax: TRHSIA TRHS3A AC coupled
TRHS2A TRHS4A Examples: TRVS1A=5
TRHS'A TRHS3B
TRHSIB TRHS4B TRYS2B
TRHS2B 'TRYS2B=2E-3' (4070 response)
TRHS'B -0.5~- means the trace is AC coupled and invert is on.
TRHSIA=numbcr ) 10 means the trace is uncalibratcd and the sensitivity is gre-
TRHSIB=number ater the lOY per division.
TRHS2A=numher Note: When the scaling has been changed the results of any
TRHS2B =number
cursor calcularion will be based on the new value.
4074 only:
TRHS3A=number See also: VS*, Section 1.2
TRHS3B=number
TRHS4A=number
TRHS4B=number
Function: Trigger Source
Explanation: When a display trace is stored the horizontal
scaling is also stored. This value can be changed or interro- Type: Assertive, Interrogative
gated with this command. The range is 20ns per division to Syntax: TSA
20s per division in 1, 2, 5 steps. TRHS* A interrogates the TSB
scaling of both the A timebase traces and TRHS*B interro- TSA=[CHI], [CH2], [EXTA) or [LINE]
gates both the B traces. (4072 only)
Examples: TRHSIA=200E-3 TSB=(CH!], [CH2], [EXTBJ or [LINE]
( 4072 only)
TRHS2B
TSA=[CHJ], (CH3], [EXTA) or [LINE]
'TRHS2B=5E-9' (4070 response)
(4074 only)
Note: When the scaling has been changed the results of any TSB=[CHl], [CH3], [EXTBj or [LINE]
cursor calculation will be based on the new value. (4074 only)
See also: l-ISA, HSB, Section 1.3 Explanation: On the 4070 there arc five different sources
for the trigger channels, the two input channels, the two
external inputs and LINE. Channel A cannot usc EXTB as
input and Channel B cannot usc EXTA as input. The
exception to this is where channel A takes EXTA as input
and Channel B is using TV line coupling, TRGCB=TVL.
In this case Channel B will be using the same source as
Channel A.
39
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Operation Section 1
If dual timebasc mode is selected then both the A and B Function: Vertical Scaling
timebase traces will be shifted by this command. Type: Assertive, Interrogative
VP* returns the values of the shift for all input channels.
Syntax: 4070 4074
Examples: VPI ~7.65 VSI VS3
VS2 VS4
VP2
'VP2=-4.67' (4070 response) VS'
VS I~ [-J[> [number[ -I VS3[ -][<]number[-]
See also: VPS*, Section 1.2 VS2~[-JI>]numbcr[- J VS4[- ][']number[-]
41
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Advanced Features Section 2
,
details.
2.2 STATUS MENU
The bottom two lines show the two trigger channels' source,
This menu allows the horizontal, vertical and trigger set~ coupling and trigger level settings. The choices of source
tings of the instrument to be viewed. A typical display is and coupling are detailed in Section 1.4.
shown in Figure 2.2.1.
Note: The trigger level cannot be directly related to a
VIEW SETUP There arc five possible setups on the 4070, position on the screen, so the figure shown is only rep-
the four held in the backup store (see Section 2.6) and the resentative of the trigger level compared with its setta-
current setup obtained from the front panel buttons and ble range.
paddles. The setup presently being displayed is indicated by
the inverse video characters after the words 'VIEW
SETUP'.
43
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Advanced Features Section 2
~:'- -----l------+1___;.._:
I I : =!=
-+----+--·+----+--;.-::.AI-_:N'-'1
I
g
3
---r I
-+Ht+.Ht,H
~-~!,,rJ+·t-·H·~.'t+++·
;,
G
, I
6ount
1
Gate
Nxs·l
\1111(1111
Dl
4
Dl
5
+·---+I
, 1
1
I , i ] 1 fndepen,dent Dl
''I ~t _I
6
4450000ns 1
I 1 ± , A Delay g
1., J.· _32.1156?0~.ns . . r·---f=-
7
g
t__~_-J
1
1
_ ... 1:. 1: : ::;:: 1, B Delay
1 __ _
-.lJ
t_ \j:_ __ swey-
1 1
,<,l 8
l g
B li
1 9
Dl
45
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Advanced Features Section 2
The A sweep is unaffected, and a capture is initiated hy a When the correct units are displayed press button 6 again,
valid A trigger after an arm. The B sweep, however, can this puts the menu in number entry mode, sec above. The
only begin a capture on the 20th valid B trigger after arm. numeric buttons arc now used to enter the delay time. In
Note: If 'A divided by N' is selected then '8 delay by N' addition, this number can be entered by the 'Time Delay'
cannot be used, and vice-versa. paddle: pushing to the left decreases the delay and pushing
In addition, 'A divided by N' cannot be used with 'Inde- to the right increases it. Sec also Section 1.4.
pendent' (see below).
Example: select A delay by time with a delay of 0.5ms
Independent
This feature is shown on the menu by the letters: ATrig BTrig
Independent
The text is in line with the front panel button 5. Pressing this
button selects 'dependent', a further press 'Independent'. Gate 3
47
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Advanced Features Section 2
~
DETECT I· f -+-- . . 2,
l!JDIMax Min Max~Min 1 ~ 3
I--1-~
. ++.!1
II 1 ,
I I IDJ
BA~DWI~TH li.!l:q2~ ~Hz 6
l;~GI~G~.-16LI3,
7
IDJ
8
g
I J I . ..LT._ ___Li ___j_l_ ___L_______L_____J 9
g
49
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Advanced Features Section 2
7
[g)
8
D
9
[g)
7
[g)
8
g
9
[g)
51
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Advanced Features Section 2
I!
~~~-~ << 1/0 INTERFACES MENU > '>
Ii I
!' I
,
I
i
!
1--- GPIB ADDRESS 07 1
' 2
i '
f-RS 423 I 3
g
9
0
g
7
g
8
g
9
g
53
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Performance Checking Section 3
55
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Summary of Controls Section 4
57
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Summary of Controls Section 4
ABA and B alternately (i.e. 'dual time base mode'). Events 'fhis paddle controls the 'divide by N' trigger
Any active channel will produce two traces: one on function on the A timebase and the number of
the A timchasc setting and one on the B time base set- delayed triggers on the B time base (as selected by the
ting. A/H switch). A gentle push to the left decreases the
number of events at a faster rate. A gentle push to the
Time This paddle controls the "delay hy time' trigger func- right increases the number of events. a firmer push
tion. Negative times enable pre-trigger events to he increases the number more quickly.
captured, positive times allow events after the trigger
point to he viewed. A gentle push to the left TRIG LEVEL This paddle controls the trigger level setting.
decreases the time delay; a firmer push causes the
delay to decrease at a faster rate. A gentle push to the Uncal The coarse setting of the attenuator is unchanged,
right increases the time delay; a firmer press but a variable gain is applied by the VOLTS/DIY pad-
increases it at a faster rate. If the delay changes to dle to the input signal. This has a range of 1 to about
zero, there will he a long pause before the change 0.4. Thus, with an initial setting of 1V per division,
continues. the actual sensitivity of the channel could be set any-
where between JV and 2.5V per division.
TIME/DIV The two tirnchascs which arc available for each
input signal are set by the A and B 'TIME/DIV' pad- VOLTS/DIY This adjusts the volts per division. Pushing the
dles. The range is 20s/div to 20ns/div. paddle upwards will ad just the sensitivity as far as 5VI
div. In the other direction, sensitivity can be
Trace Intensity This controls the brightness of the trace. increased as far as 2m V per division.
The brightness of the cursors and the trigger level
indicator arc also adjusted by this controL X mag On This button selects X (horizontal) magnification;
if it is already selected, pressing again switches it off.
Trace on/off Pressing this button calls up the 'Trace on/off'
menu. Through this it is possihk to remove or display X Mag 2>20 Selects the amount of horizontal expansion
traces on the screen. applied to the trace. Each press of the button steps
the magnification through the settings x2, x5, x 10 and
Trace Rotate If the trace is not properly horizontal relative x20. After x20. a further press returns the setting to
to the grid, then adjustment of this control with a x2. The new time base setting is displayed each time
small screwdriver should remedy the situation. the button is pressed.
Trig'd This lights up when the 4070 is receiving valid A trig- xl The external trigger signal is coupled directly into the
ger signals at a rate of greater than every 40ms. trigger circuitry at the specified 500mV sensitivity
TRIGGER DELAY These paddles allow the trigger delay (sec also x!O).
conditions to be set; trace acquisition will only begin xlO The external trigger signa! is increased by a factor of
after these conditions have been met: 10 before it enters the trigger circuitry - i.e. a signal
Time This paddle controls the 'delay by time· trigger ten times smaller will be required to produce the
function. Negative times enable pre-trigger events to same effect as on the xl setting (i.e. 50mV sensitiv-
be captured, positive times allow events after the trig- ity).
ger point to be viewed. A gentle push to the left +I~ This button selects positive or negative slope triggers.
decreases the time delay; a firmer push causes the The current selection is indicated by the light above
delay to decrease at a faster rate. A gentle push to the the button. If negative slopes are selected then a
right increases the time delay; a firmer press single press will select positive slopes and a further
increases it at a faster rate. If the delay changes to press reverts to the negative slopes.
zero, there will be a long pause before the change
0~9 These buttons arc used to select options from the var-
continues.
ious menus and enter numbers when required. Sec
Section 2 for details.
59
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Specification Section 5
61
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Specification Section 5
I I
-p
(0
I
L,~·_.)
\ ~-
.~
l, ~;.,.: \ 'I
63
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Appendix 1
BRIEF IEEE-488 BUS DISCUSSION rammed to correctly address each instrument and function
The IEEE-488 bus specification describes an asynchronous according to the manufacturer's data before the system can
byte~scrial digital bus sufficiently general to allow instru-
function. Table Ai.2 lists all valid IEEE Bus message
ments with greatly varying e<Jpabilities to communicate codes.
with each other. Table A1.1 list:;. the required signals and All instruments, and the controller(s). in a system arc inter~
the assigned connector pins. connected by a standard connector shown in Fig. A 1.3.
In a typical small system. a controller would direct the data Commercia! examples arc the Amphenoi series 57 connec-
transfer and individual operation of a few bussed instru- tor or the AMP 'Champ' series.
ments; for example a 4070 together with printer. and a All bytes of information exchanged on the bus arc 'hand-
floppy disc unit, all IEEE-488 compatible. Each of the shakes'. See Fig. A 1.1. The sender of a message via the bus
three instruments would be assigned a unique primary is conventionally called the 'talker'. and those devices
address from 0 to 30. More specific selection of functions receiving the message arc called 'listeners'. The talker
within a particular instrument is possible by assigning a (there must only be one at a time) sets DA V LO (data is
unique secondary address to each such function: for exam- now valid). the listeners (there may be many) each first set
ple, an 8 channel analog to digital converter might have NRFD LO (not ready for more data) and then set NDAC
primary address 5. Each channel could have a separate sec- HI (this data byte accepted). After the current byte has
ondary address from 0 to 7. The instrument (for example been accepted by all listeners, the Talker will reset DA VI-II
the A to D converter) must have been designed to usc sec- and the listeners will all first return NDAC LO and the
ondary addressing and the controller must have been prog-- NRFD HI, readying the bus for the next byte transfer.
65
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Appendix 1
B
READY FOR DATI
NRFD
DAT1 NOT READY FOR
DATA ACCEPTED
NDAC
'TEC DATA NOT ACCEF
NORMAL BUS
QUIESCENT STATE
+5V +5V
3k
ONE OF 16
--.-+~----------.-+~~---------t-+-.-"B=US LINES
67
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Appendix 1
69
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Index
H 0
Handshake (RS423) !.7, 2.8 On/Off buttons 1.2, 4
Hello message 1.8 On-screen text command 1.8
Help menu 2.1, 2.5 Output
Hold 1.2, 1.5, 1.8, 4 interfaces 1.7
Horizontal rate (plot) 1.8, 2. 7
adjustment 1. I, 1.3 Overshoot 2.4
expansion 1.3, 1.8, 4
magnification 1.3, J .8, 4 p
modes 1.8
Packing 1.0
scaling 1.8
Parity 2.8
shrft 1.3, 1.8
Peak signals 1. J
HPGL !.7
Pen colour, change 2. 7
Phase shift 1.8, 2.3
Plot
destination 1.8
IEEE488 1.8 graticu!e 1.8
Interpolation 1.8, 2.4 mcnu2.l
Interrogative commands 1.8 mode 1.8
Input rate J.r;
interfaces 1.7 traces only 1.8
coupling 1.2 Plotter, default, changing 2.7
impedance 1.2 Position paddle L2, 4
Interfaces, input/output 1.7, 2.1, 2.8 Post storage shift 1.2, 1.8
Inv 1.2, 1.7,4 Power
l/0 interfaces 1. 7, 2.1, 2.8 button 1.1,4
requirements 1.0
K Pre-shoot 2.4
Keypad interface l. 7 Pre-trigger 1.4, 2.3
roll mode l.8. 2.4
L Prohe, xi, xlO 1.2
gain 1.8
Linear interpolation "J .8, 2.4 Prompt, echo 2.8
Live parts 1.0 PTR mode l.7
Local
lock-out mode 1.8 R
mode 1.8
Lock 1.5, 1.8 RAM. non-volatile 2.0
Recall
M scttlp 2.1, 2.6
trace 2.0
Master menu 2.1 machine state L8
Max detect function 2.4, 1.8 Records 1.8
Max-Min function 2.4, 1.8 Reference memory stores 1.8
Memory, trace 2.0 transfer 1.8
Menu/trace 2. l Refresh mode 1.8, 2.4
Min detect function 2.4, 1.8
,
Release 1.8
Minor cursor 1.6 Remote mode 1.8
Miscellaneous I/0 connector 1. 7 Ringing 2.4
Rise time 1.6, 3
N Roll mode 1.8, 2.4
Non-volatile RAM 2.0 RS232 1.8
' Norm 1.2, 4 RS423 1.8, 2.8
Number base 1.8
Numeric keys 2.0 s
Safety l.O
Samples per division 1.3
Sampling rate. equivalent max 1.3
71
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Service Facilities
SERVICE FACILITIES
Gould and its distributors and agents mnintain comprehen- supplied and shipped, with transportation charges prepaid.
sive after sales facilities and, whether or not it is still under We accept no responsibility for instruments arriving dam-
guarantee, this instrument should be returned to the factory aged.
or to the local distributor or agent through whom it was
Our factory Sales, Service and I:nginecring Department
supplied for servicing if this is necessary. The type and serial
and those of approved distributors and agents are ready to
number of the instrument should always be quoted,
assist you at all times.
together with full details of any fault and service required.
The Gould Service Department and those of approved dis-
Equipment returned for servicing must be adequately
tributors and agents can provide maintenance and repair
packed, preferably in the box in which the instrument was information by telephone or letter, if required.
Telephone (6182) 8010. Telex 4184556. And other Gould Agents and Distributors worldwide.
73
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Artisan Technology Group is an independent supplier of quality pre-owned equipment
Artisan Scientific Corporation dba Artisan Technology Group is not an affiliate, representative, or authorized distributor for any manufacturer listed herein.
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