EART

QUAK
H"IT TAKES AN
EARTHQUAKE TO
REMIND US THAT
WE WALK ON THE
CRUST OF AN
UNFINISHED
PLANET"
- Charles Kuralt
WHAT IS AN
EARTHQUAKE?
An earthquake is the shaking of the surface of the Earth
resulting from a sudden release of energy in the Earth's
lithosphere that creates seismic waves.

Cause of Earthquakes
Elastic Rebound Hypothesis

• Most earthquakes are produced by the rapid

release of elastic energy stored in rock that has
been subjected to great forces. Cause of Earthquakes

• When the strength of the rock is exceeded, it suddenly

breaks, causing the vibrations of an earthquake.

5 FUN FACTS ABOUT EARTHQUAKE

1. Before an earthquake foreshocks might occur
2. After an earthquake aftershocks are likely to happen
3. The strongest ever earthquake was in Chile, in the
year.
4. There are at least 500,000 earthquakes per year.
5. An earthquake under the ocean can cause tsunamis.
Hypocenter and Epicenter

• Hypocenter is the point within Earth where the

earthquake starts.
• Epicenter is the location on the surface
directly above the focus.

Aftershocks and Foreshocks

• An aftershock is a small earthquake that
follows the main earthquake.
• A foreshock is a small earthquake that often
precedes a major earthquake.

Intensity and Magnitude

• Magnitude is the energy released by an

earthquake at the focus. It is calculated from
earthquakes recorded by an instrument called
SEISMOGRAPH.
• Intensity is the strength of an earthquake
perceived and felt by people in a certain locality.
Intensity is generally higher near the epicenter.
 EARTHQUAKE
SAFETY
1960.
4. There are at least 500,000 earthquakes per year.
the shaking.
What to do before, during,
& after the shaking.

BEFORE DURING AFTER

1. Store harmful chemicals
and flammable materials
properly.
2. Secure heavy furniture
and hanging objects.
3. Have necessary house
repairs fixed to avoid
further damage.
4. Maintain emergency
food, water and other
supplies, including a
flashlight, medicines, first
aid kit, etc.
5. Familiarize yourself with
the location of fire
extinguishers, medical kit,
exit routes, etc.
1.Stay calm and stay put. 1. Stay alert in the event
of aftershocks.
2. Duck, cover and hold
under somewhere stable 2. Double check for toxic
(ex. table). spills and flammable
chemicals
3. Exit the building only
once shaking stops via 3. Stay out of buildings
stairs. until advised.
4. Stay away from glass 4. Check for water,
windows, shelves, and electrical, gas or LPG leak
hanging objects. and damages.
5. Evacuate to an open 5. Stay updated through a
area away from trees, battery-operated radio,
electrical posts and phone, etc.
landslide prone areas.