Undergraduate Graduation

Design (Thesis) Management

Manual
(2021)

Title Experimental investigation of spin forming of

thin-walled magnesium alloy components

Major Material Science and Engineering

Name Haozhi Xie

Supervisor Andrew Spowage & Mei Zhan

Graduation time 06/2021
 目录
一、本科毕业设计/论文开题报告......................................2

二、本科毕业设计/论文中期考核表...................................10
三、本科毕业设计/论文指导教师意见书...............................17
四、本科毕业设计/论文评阅书.......................................18

五、答辩情况及总成绩评定..........................................19

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 Undergraduate Graduation Project (Thesis)
Proposal Report
Major：Material Science and Engineering Class：QM011702

Student Name Xie Haozhi

Student QMUL
171024281 Student NPU ID No. 2017303470
ID No.
QMUL
Andrew Spowage NPU Supervisor Mei Zhan
Supervisor
Title of Experimental investigation of spin forming of thin-walled magnesium alloy
the Thesis components
Topic Source Scientific □Special □Enterprise
□Production □Laboratory
（mark “√”） Research Research Cooperation
Thesis
□Engineering □Software □Others
Type（mark “ Experimental Research
Design Development
√”）
Date of Report 2021-01-03 Place of Report NPU
Thesis proposal for Experimental investigation of spin forming of thin-walled magnesium alloy
components.

1. Background

Magnesium alloys have been attracting attention in the manufacture of important parts of components with
lightweight and high heat resistance[1]. It can help the manufacturers achieve significant reductions in
weight by replacing metal with lightweight magnesium alloys [2,3]. However, due to the hexagonal crystal
structure, the elongation of magnesium alloy is poor at room temperature. The plasticity of magnesium
alloys can be improved by about 25% at high temperatures , hence they are mainly processed under
[4]

heating conditions, using hot spin forming. Therefore, the objective of this research is to understand the
effect of temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the thin-wall magnesium alloy.

Spin forming is an effective precision plastic forming method to make continuous local plastic deformation
of the metal blank. It has the advantages of high material utilization rate, low cost, and good
performance[5,6]. The study of different temperatures on the forming process of magnesium alloys and the
influence of microstructure under different hot spinning process parameters is critical.

2. Research Status at home and abroad

2
2.1 Domestic Research Status

2.1.1 Study on spinning ability preventing cracks

Li[7] found that hot spinning AZ80 magnesium alloy cracks propagated as the temperature increased and the
large thinning rate also contributes to the phenomenon. Spinning tests were carried out under the
temperature of 385℃ and the preheating temperature of the spinning die was 300~380 ℃ with the wall
thickness reduction rate of 30% and 50%, respectively. The results show that the hot spinning performance
of AZ80 magnesium alloy is poor. When the wall thickness reduction rate is 50%, all the samples exhibit a
primary crack along the circumferential inner surface (Fig. 1a). As the mould temperature decreases, the
spinning part with a thinning rate of 30% also appears as a secondary cracking phenomenon (Fig. 1b).

Fig.1. Crack defects occurred during power spinning of magnesium alloy wheel under different thinning ratios
of wall thickness (a) 50% (b) 30%.

2.1.2 Study on microstructure hot deformation behavior

Jin [8] suggested that as the heating temperature increased and the strain rate decreased, the volume of grains
increased during the hot flow spinning of Mg-7Gd-5Y-0.6Zn-0.9Zr magnesium alloy. Therefore, the results
illustrate that the microstructure deforms tangentially and transversely and loses stability when the
temperature is low and the strain rate is high, otherwise, grains tend to grow. The results suggest that the
proper temperature range for the spinning process is 440℃-460℃.
When the total thinning ratio is greater than 50%, sufficient dynamic recrystallization occurs to the
microstructure of the alloy to form equiaxed grains (Fig. 2). However, if the thinning rate is too high (the
total thinning rate is more than 79%), the microcracks will appear at the grain boundary and the interface
between the matrix and the second phase.

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 Fig.2. Microstructures on the outer surface of spun parts with a total thinning ratio of 72% (a) Axial direction
(b) Tangential direction.

2.2 Abroad Research Status

2.2.1 Study on the temperature affecting the forming limit and tensile strength

Murata[9] studied the compressive forming limit of AZ31 magnesium alloy tubes under different processing
temperatures and diameter compression. As shown in Fig. 3, at 250℃, the maximum diameter reduction is
less than 7 mm, which is because the deformation temperature of the tube is lower than the rotary
temperature, and the temperature of the tube fails to reach above the recrystallization temperature of the
material. When T> 275℃, the forming limit is increased significantly, and the diameter reduction can reach
28 mm. The results suggest that when the set temperature is more than the recrystallization one, depending
on the sample, the forming limit improves greatly.
In addition, the strength is larger than the room temperature because of work hardening and it increases
with the decrease of the temperature.

Fig. 3. Forming limit for setting temperature.

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2.2.2 Study on the thinning rate affecting the microstructure

Zhang[10] studied the effect of wall thinning rate on the microstructure of AZ31B magnesium alloy by using
a hot flow spinning test. The microstructure at the wall thinning rate of 20%,30%, and 45% was obtained as
shown in Fig. 4. The results show that the wall thinning ratio has great influences on the grain size and
grain orientation. Most of the grains present the (1010) and (2110) planes parallel to the RD-AD plane with
a c-axis orientating towards RD with a little deflection to AD. when the wall thinning ratio is greater than
45%, the radial microstructure uniformity is better.

Fig. 4. Optical microstructure after single-pass flow forming of different thickness reductions: (a–d) 20%, (e–
h) 30% and (i–l) 45%.

3. Research objectives, contents, methods, and key technologies

3.1 Research objectives

Understand the microstructure and texture evolutions in AZ31 magnesium alloy after the hot spin forming
process.

3.2 Research contents

I) Investigate and compare the microstructures and properties of AZ31 magnesium alloy sheet under
different temperatures.
II) Study the microstructures and properties of thin-walled magnesium alloy components after hot spin
forming.

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3.3 Research methods

I) Design AZ31 magnesium alloy hot spin forming process and perform spinning experiments.
II) Prepare metallographic specimen of AZ31 magnesium alloy, and characterize the microstructural
characteristics using optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
III) Measure the mechanical properties of materials by tensile tests.
IV) Analyze the influence of different temperature fields on the microstructure and texture evolution of
AZ31 magnesium alloy by electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) technique.

3.4 Key technologies

Hot spin forming can be used to manufacture thin-wall complex components, extend the forming limit of
materials, decrease forming forces, and reduce process chains. The key technology of this project is to
accurately control the temperature of spin forming.

4 Possible difficulties, situations, and possible solutions

4.1 Possible Difficulties

The HCP structure in magnesium alloy and low deformation ability determines their poor elongation and
the linear expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity coefficient of magnesium alloy during heating are
extremely large, so the forming temperature is difficult to be controlled accurately [11]. Besides, the
magnesium alloy has less independence and poor deformation coordination ability which is easy to form
deformation texture, leading to the reduction of magnesium alloy forming ability[12]. In addition, according
to specimen size and heating temperature, methods of heating may vary.
Choosing a proper heating method also affects the results and efficiency of the experiments. Potential
methods including heating guns, inductive heating, and hybrid laser-friction heating. Parameters during
heating may lead to differences in results and it is difficult to control the forming temperature accurately.
Both the distance between heating guns and specimen, and the heating temperature itself should be taken
into consideration.

4.2 Situation

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The range for inductive heating metal is between 500-1500℃[14], and it is usually applied when chemical
reactions are needed to generate composites in the high magnetic field. Heating with spray guns is a general
way to heat metal when the research is focused on the properties and microstructure at high temperatures.
Hybrid laser-friction heating requires a laser power of 2 kW [15], usually applied during welding and
soldering. In addition, spin formability and the existence of crack can be affected by the parameters
mentioned in section 4.1.

4.3 Possible solution

The AZ31 specimen size is relatively large, so heating with spray guns is a proper choice. The process
parameters have an important influence on the quality of magnesium alloy hot spin forming. Based on
obtaining the significant degree of the influence of process parameters on the macro forming quality of
magnesium alloy hot spinning, by constructing the relationship model between magnesium alloy hot spin
forming process parameters and forming quality, precise control of forming quality can be achieved.

5. Research schedule

2020.11.15-2020.11.26 Literature review on hot spinning.

2020.11.30-2021.01.03 Literature review on AZ31 magnesium alloy.
2021.02.25-2021.03.15 Design and perform the hot spinning test.
2021.04.16-2021.04.30 Prepare metallographic specimens.
2021.05.01-2021.05.15 Characterize microstructures using OM, SEM, and EBSD.
2021.05.16-2021.05.31 Establish tensile tests and analyze the results.
2021.06.01-2021.06.20 Finish the final thesis and slides for the presentation.

6. References

[1]Ryoji Asakawa, Kenichi Hirukawa. A technology for manufacturing magnesium alloy components with
excellent heat resistance. Kobelco Technology Review, 2013.
[2]Kulekci M K. Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry[J]. International Journal of
Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2009, 39(9-10):851-865.
[3]Li Yunhao. Research on application status and development trend of magnesium alloy materials[J].
World nonferrous metals, 2019, (12), 149-150.

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[4]Ahmad I R, Jing X, Shu D W. Effect of temperature on the mechanical behavior of magnesium alloy
AZ91D in theetween-30 and 250 [J]. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2014, 86:34-45.
[5]Music O, Allwood J M, Kawai K. A review of the mechanics of metal spinning[J]. Journal of Materials
Processing Technology, 2010, 210(1):3-23.
[6]Xia Qinxiang. Special Spinning Forming Technology[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2017.
[7]Li Jian, Tao Muhua, Wang Limei, Sun Huixue. Study on hot spinning properties of AZ80 magnesium
alloy wheels[J]. Metallography and metal technology, 2017, 1001-3814.
[8]Jin Xueze. Evolution of hot deformation behavior and hot spin microstructure and properties of Mg-
7Gd-5Y-0.6Zn-0.9Zr magnesium alloy[J]. Metallography and metal technology, 2015.
[9]Murata M, Kuboki T, Murai T. Compression spinning of circular magnesium tube using heated roller
tool[J]. Journal of Materials Processing Tech, 2005, 162(none):540-545.
[10]Grain refinement and orientation of AZ31B magnesium alloy in hot flow forming under different
thickness reductions[J]. Journal of Materials Science and Technology, 2018(7):1091-1102.
[11]Zhang Yalian. Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Hot Spinning
[D].
[12]Chen W Z, et al. Optimization of rolling temperature for ZK61 alloy sheets via microstructure
uniformity analysis[J]. Materials Science & Engineering A Structural Materials Properties Microstructure
& Processing, 2013, 575(13):136-143.
[13]Zhang Yaping, Ai Juan, Jin Li. Plate texture in rolled magnesium alloy and its control technology [J].
Hot Working Technology, 2012, 41 (11) :116-118.
[14]Zimmerer C, Mejia C, Utech T, et al. Inductive Heating Using a High-Magnetic-Field Pulse to Initiate
Chemical Reactions to Generate Composite Materials[J]. Polymers, 2019, 11(3).
[15]Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hybrid Laser-Friction Stir Welding between AA6061-T6
Al Alloy and AZ31 Mg Alloy[J]. Journal of Materials Science & Technology, 2011.

Opinion of the NPU Supervisor:

This project is to study the effects of temperature on spinning microstructure and mechanical property of
magnesium alloy through experiments. The content is enough, and the key issues are accurate.

Signature:
Date:
10/01/2021
Opinion of the QMUL Supervisor：

Signature:
Date: dd/yy/2021
RAO Mark for QMUL Supervisor use ONLY
Mark (%) -      /100 [UK scale]
[all marks must be entered a % (out of 100)]

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 The Proposal Assessment Team：

Assessment of the Project (Thesis)：

1. Topic: □ has theoretical significance；□ has practical value；
√ has theoretical significance and practical value；□ has little significance or value
2. Difficulty: □ high；√ moderate；□ low
3. Workload: □ heavy；√ moderate；□ light
4. Schedule: √ feasible；□ not feasible；
5. Comprehensive and expressive ability reflected in presentation:
□ excellent；√ good；□average；□ poor
6. Form of the Thesis：√ feasible；□ not feasible
7. Overall Evaluation of the thesis proposal:
√ excellent；□ good；□average；□ poor

(mark "√" in the corresponding box)

This project (thesis) proposal has been assessed as：

√ Accepted；
□ Not Accepted
Assessment
(mark "√" in the corresponding box)
Opinion
Leader of the Assessment Team(signature)：

Date: 10/01/2021

Undergraduate Graduation Design (Thesis)

Mid-term Report
Major：Material Science and Engineering Class：QM011702

9
 Student
2017303470 Name Xie Haozhi Advisor Prof. Mei Zhan
ID No.
Experimental investigation of spin forming of thin-walled magnesium alloy
Title of Thesis
components
Date of Report 2021-3-13 Place of Report NPU

1. Tasks completed as scheduled.

1.1 Preparations

Due to the advantages of light weight, excellent impact resistance and good strength of magnesium alloy,
it can be used in the manufacturing of high-performance components. The AZ31 Mg alloy used in this
experiment were produced by Yin Guang magnesium industry co., LTD. Raw materials are thin sheets
with the size shown in Table 1.

Tab. 1 Geometry of the samples of AZ31

Thickness 　 Width 　 Length

54 mm 145 mm 210 mm

1.2 Results analysis

1.2.1 Specifications and chemical composition of AZ31 rolled sheet

The chemical composition (mass fraction) is listed in Table 2.

Tab. 2 Chemical composition of AZ31 rolling sheet (wt. %)

Al Zn Mn Fe Si Cu Ni Mg
3.03 0.98 0.28 0.02 0.0015 0.0031 0.0004 Others

According to ASTM[1] standard, sheet specimens were selected for uniaxial tensile tests. A total of six tests
were carried out, in which three sets are along the RD (roll direction) and the other three are along the TD
(transverse direction).

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 Fig. 1. The gauge of the samples for the tensile test.

Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out on the EHF EV101K2-040-1A electro-hydraulic servo material
testing machine. The displacement-controlled loading was adopted, and the loading speed was chosen to
be 1 mm/min.

1.2.2 Results of tensile tests and electron backscatter diffraction nano-analysis

Stress-strain curves of AZ31 rolled sheet were obtained via uniaxial tensile tests along the RD and TD at
room temperature. By comparison, it is found that the variation tendency of yield strength for the three
samples during the tensile test is the same, as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig. 2. Stress-strain curves of AZ31 rolled sheet along RD (a) and TD (b) at room temperature.

The tensile yield strength in the transverse direction is higher than that in the RD (See Fig. 2). This
phenomenon is due to the formation of strong (0001) texture [2] in the magnesium alloy during the rolling
stage (see Fig. 3), which makes the initial grain orientation favourable to the direction that tensile
twinning is formed, whose yield strength is low initially.

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 Fig. 3. Orientation image maps and (0001) pole figures along RD.

In general, AZ31 magnesium alloys are deformed plastically [3] at room temperature via (0001) basal slip

——

and (10 1 2) twinning on the conical surface. When the applied stress is perpendicular to the (0001) plane,

the basal slip system cannot be activated. As a consequence, the yield strength increases while the
plasticity is reduced[4].
The stress state of magnesium alloy during rolling can be approximately simplified as compression in the
ND (normal direction) and tension in both RD and TD. When the compressive stress is perpendicular to

——

the base plane, tensile twinning is difficult to be generated as the (10 1 2) twinning led to grain

deformation along the c-axis. Therefore, the yield strength perpendicular to the base plane is larger.
(σND>σTD,RD)

It is found that the c-axis of most grains lies along the ND, a small part point to TD and only the c-axis of
a few grains have the orientation of RD, as shown in Fig. 3.
——

Deformation of grains along the crystal axis caused by the (10 1 2) twin crystal leads to the fact that when

compressive stress vertical base plane, tension twinning barely occurs and the elongation is greater in the
RD[5]. Therefore, the yield strength along the TD is higher.
According to Fig. 3, the average grain size is around 14 μm. Large grains are observed near fine grains in
the region along the RD, indicating a non-uniformity phenomenon in the microstructure.

2. Review of relevant materials.

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Magnesium alloys have attracted increasing attention in manufacturing important parts of components
with lightweight and high heat resistance[6]. It can help the manufacturers achieve significant weight
reductions by replacing metal with lightweight magnesium alloys [7,8]. However, due to the hexagonal
crystal structure, the elongation of magnesium alloy is poor at room temperature. The plasticity of
magnesium alloys can be improved by about 25% at high temperatures [9]. Hence, they are mainly
processed under heating conditions, using hot spin forming. Therefore, this research aims to understand
the effect of temperature on the mechanical properties and microstructure of the thin-wall magnesium
alloy.

Spin forming is an effective precision plastic forming method to make continuous local plastic
deformation of the metal blank. It has the advantages of high material utilization rate, low cost, and good
performance[10,11]. The study of different temperatures on the forming process of magnesium alloys and
microstructure under different hot spinning process parameters is critical.

Deformation usually by squeeze pressure rolling forging deformation methods to improve the alloy
structure and improve the performance of magnesium alloy. Still, deformations may cause the alloy to re-
orient to an optimal orientation and form a texture. Many studies have shown that [12,13,14,15] the existence of
the magnesium alloy texture has a significant effect on the performance of magnesium alloy. Therefore,
the study of magnesium alloy in the process of deformation texture, the causes of clear texture and texture
effect on the properties of the alloy, can provide the theory basis for deformation processing of magnesium
alloys, achieve the purpose of the texture control, to improve the performance of the alloy to adapt to the
structure of the use requirement.

Literature concerning the relationship between the texture and plastic deformation suggests that the AZ31
magnesium alloy sheet formed a strong basal texture parallel to the extrusion direction. The main texture

——

groups were as follows {0001}, <10 1 0>[16] and in the process of extrusion rolling. Other plastic

deformation modes in magnesium alloy may lead to the formation of a strong basal plane texture, which
causes serious tension and compression asymmetry and strong plastic anisotropy.

3. Problems occurred and measures taken.

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The HCP structure in magnesium alloy and low deformation ability determines their poor elongation and
the linear expansion coefficient and thermal conductivity coefficient of magnesium alloy during heating
are extremely large, so the forming temperature is difficult to be controlled accurately [11]. Besides, the
magnesium alloy has less independence and poor deformation coordination ability which is easy to form
deformation texture, leading to the reduction of magnesium alloy forming ability [12]. In addition, according
to specimen size and heating temperature, methods of heating may vary. Both the distance between
heating guns and specimen and the heating temperature itself are problems affecting if the heating process
is steady.

The AZ31 specimen size is relatively large, and the samples are pieces of sheet, so heating guns with LNG
(Liquefied Natural Gas) is a proper choice. Based on obtaining the significant degree of the influence of
process parameters on the macro forming quality of magnesium alloy hot spinning, by constructing the
relationship model between magnesium alloy hot spin forming process parameters and forming quality,
precise control of forming quality can be achieved.

4. Work arrangement of the next stage

The following experiments will be conducted in the next stage:

1) Tensile test at elevated temperature for AZ31 sheet samples.
2) The hot spinning of AZ31 alloy.
3) Electron backscattered diffraction analysis of hot-spinned samples.

5. References

[1] ASTM E8 / E8M-21, Standard Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials, ASTM
International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2021, www.astm.org.
[2] Choi, S. H. , et al. "Evolution of the deformation texture and yield locus shape in an AZ31 Mg alloy
sheet under uniaxial loading[J]." Materials Science and Engineering A, 2009, 526.1-2:38-49.
[3] Dudamell, N. V. , et al. "Twinning and grain subdivision during dynamic deformation of a Mg
AZ31 sheet alloy at room temperature[J]". Acta Materialia, 2011, 59.18:6949-6962.
[4] Li, J. , et al. "In-situ EBSD analysis on the microstructures during deformation[J]". Journal of
Chinese Electron Microscopy Society, 2008, 27(6): 439-442.
[5] Shi, B. , et al. "Study on Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Rolling
Sheet [J]". Journal of Yanshan University, 2015, 000(003):221-225.
[6] Asakawa, R. and Hirukawa, K. "A Technology for Manufacturing Magnesium Alloy Components
with Excellent Heat Resistance[J]". Kobelco technology review NO. 31, 2013.

14
 [7] Mustafa, et al. "Magnesium and its alloys applications in automotive industry[J]". International
Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 2009.
[8] Li Y. "Research on application status and development trend of magnesium alloy materials[J]".
World nonferrous metals, 2019, (12), 149-150.
[9] Ahmad, I. R. , et al. "Effect of temperature on the mechanical behavior of magnesium alloy AZ91D
in the between -30 and 250[J]". International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 2014, 86:34-45.
[10] Music, O. , et al. "A review of the mechanics of metal spinning[J]". Journal of Materials
Processing Technology, 2010, 210(1):3-23.
[11] Xia, Q. "Special Spinning Forming Technology[M]". Beijing: Science Press, 2017.
[12] Kaiser, F. , et al. "Anisotropic Properties of Magnesium Sheet AZ31[J]". Materials Science
Forum, 2003, 419-422:315-320.
[13] Wu, S. K. , et al. "The Deformation Texture in an AZ31B Magnesium Alloy[C]"// Magnesium
Alloys 2003 Pt.1. Dept. of Materials Sci. and Eng. National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan 106,
2003.
[14] Kim, W. J. , et al. "Mechanical Properties and Texture Evolution in ECAP Processed AZ61 Mg
Alloys[C]"// Materials Science Forum. Trans Tech Publications, 2003.
[15] Chen, Z. H. , et al. "Texture and anisotropy in magnesium alloys[J]". The Chinese Journal of
Nonferrous Metals, 2005, 15(1): 1 11.
[16] Tang, W. Q. , et al. "Effect of Texture on Mechanical Properties of AZ31 Magnesium Alloys[J]".
Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals, 2010, 20(003):371-377.

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NPU supervisor’s Opinion：

The content is logical.

Signature：

Date: (15/03/2021)

The Mid-term Assessment Team:

Assessment of the Project (Thesis):

1. Progress: □ fast; √ normal; □ slow; □ very slow.
2. Quality: √ good; □ average; □ poor; □ very poor.
3. Conclusion: √ qualified; □ basically qualified; □ not qualified

(mark "√" in the corresponding box)

This project (thesis) has been assessed as：

√ qualified；
□ not qualified

(mark "√" in the corresponding box)

Assessment
Opinion

Leader of the Assessment Team(signature):

Date: 2021/03/15

16
 本科毕业设计（论文）指导教师意见书
指导教师评语：

This work focuses on the spin forming of thin-walled magnesium alloy components. The microstructure and mechanical

properties of the AZ31 alloy has been investigated. Strong (0001) texture was observed for both Magnesium tubes and

sheets. The material also showed a positive strain rate sensitivity at ambient and high temperatures. Besides, the plasticity

can be significantly improved at ~400°C, which is beneficial for spin forming. The effect of spindle speed of spin

forming on the surface roughness, thickness, and hardness of the component was then systematically studied. The

presented work is novel and accomplished by Haozhi Xie, who has shown an enthusiastic attitude towards research. The

structure of the report is well organised, and the language is satisfactory.

评定成绩（百分制）：93

指导教师签 名： 2021

17
 年 5月 20 日

18
 本科毕业设计（论文）评阅教师意见书
评阅教师评语：

参考英方意见。

评定成绩（百分制）：78

评阅教师签名： 2021 年 5月 21 日

19
 本科毕业设计（论文）答辩情况及总成绩评定
答辩时间：2021 年 05 月 25 日 答辩地点：友谊校区西馆 XA303

答辩情况记录：Q: The elongation is the fracture value or the plastic value? A: Fracture value. Q: The figure title

is on the top of the figure? The title of the whole thesis is too general, try to refine. The format of references is not

uniform. A: I will revise my thesis accordingly. Q: Can you explain the dynamic softening? A: After a certain strain

hardening, softening occurs due to dynamic recovering. Q: How do you explain the deformation mechanism via

dislocation ability? A: Through EBSD et al.

记录人签名：

答辩小组评语：The subject considered is an interesting one and the paper is well organized.

答辩成绩评定： 89.00

总成绩：86.90

答辩小组：李文亚

成员：曾庆丰,李恒,詹梅,邓欣茹,Andrew Spowage,周青,费杰,高鹏飞,李文亚

组长：李文亚

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