1.3.2 WindSCADA System Generic XXHZ ApplicaGuide EN r01

GE Power & Water
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Technical Documentation
Wind Turbine Generator Systems
All Turbine Types
Functional Description and

Application Guide
WindSCADA Wind Plant SCADA System
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Table of Contents
1 Purpose and Scope of this Document .......................................................................................................................................................... 5
2 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 5
3 System Architecture ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6
3.1 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................................................. 6
3.2 Wind Turbine SCADA .................................................................................................................................................................................... 8
3.3 Site Local Area Network (LAN)................................................................................................................................................................. 8
3.4 WindSCADA Servers ..................................................................................................................................................................................... 9
3.5 WindSCADA Compact System Offering ............................................................................................................................................. 9
3.6 WindCONTROLTM Plant Management System - Optional ..................................................................................................... 10
3.7 Third Party Met Mast Datalogger / SCADA Interface (Optional) ........................................................................................ 10
3.8 Substation/Grid Equipment Interface.............................................................................................................................................. 11
4 WindSCADA System User Interface ............................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.1 General Overview of User Interface ................................................................................................................................................. 12
4.2 List of Standard Screens Provided with System ........................................................................................................................ 15
4.3 Turbine / WindCONTROL Status (Mode).......................................................................................................................................... 17
4.4 Real-time Data Available from User Interface............................................................................................................................ 20
4.5 Typical I/O Data Available from User Interface .......................................................................................................................... 22
4.6 Nacelle Overview ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 23
4.7 Timers and Counters Available from User Interface ............................................................................................................... 24
4.8 WTG Reliability / Availability Bar Graphs ........................................................................................................................................ 25
4.9 Trending ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.10 Operator Logbook ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.11 Grouping .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 26
4.12 Wind Plant Controls ................................................................................................................................................................................... 27
4.13 Wind Plant System Element Configuration .................................................................................................................................. 29
4.14 SCADA Hardware and Network Monitoring ................................................................................................................................. 29
5 Alarm and Event Management ...................................................................................................................................................................... 29
6 Historical Data Management.......................................................................................................................................................................... 31
6.1 Overview .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 31
6.2 List of Typical Historical Data Stored ............................................................................................................................................... 31
6.3 Historical Database Capacity and Backup ................................................................................................................................... 31
6.4 System Hard Drive Configuration ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
6.5 Fault Data ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 32
7 Wind Plant Reporting ........................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
7.1 Reporting Overview ................................................................................................................................................................................... 33
7.2 Sample Report Format ............................................................................................................................................................................. 34
7.3 Report Scheduling ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 35
7.4 Sample List of Standard Wind plant Reports .............................................................................................................................. 35
8 Remote User Access ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 38
8.1 WindSCADA user interface (web-based) ........................................................................................................................................ 38
8.2 WindSCADA MobileHMI ........................................................................................................................................................................... 38
9 Third Party Device/System Connectivity ................................................................................................................................................... 39
9.1 OPC (Ole for Process Control) (Option) ............................................................................................................................................. 39
9.2 ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) (Option) ............................................................................................................................. 39
9.3 Modbus Interface ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 40
10 Time Synchronization..................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
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11 Internationalization ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 41
12 System Security................................................................................................................................................................................................. 42
12.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting.......................................................................................................................... 42
12.2 Network Security ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 43
12.3 Virus Protection............................................................................................................................................................................................ 43
13 Application Notes ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 44
13.1 WindSCADA Compact .............................................................................................................................................................................. 44
13.2 Wind Site LAN................................................................................................................................................................................................ 44
13.3 SCADA Master Location .......................................................................................................................................................................... 46
13.4 SCADA Cabinet Dimensions / Field Connections ...................................................................................................................... 46
13.5 SCADA Cabinet Power Requirements.............................................................................................................................................. 47
13.6 Interface to Substation Equipment Signals.................................................................................................................................. 48
13.7 Remote Connectivity / Access ............................................................................................................................................................. 49
13.8 Third Party Computer and Applications on SCADA Servers/LAN ..................................................................................... 51
13.9 OPC Server Application Notes.............................................................................................................................................................. 52
13.10 ODBC Application Notes ......................................................................................................................................................................... 53
13.11 Customer SMS Alarm Requirements................................................................................................................................................ 53
13.12 Customer GPS Time Server Requirements ................................................................................................................................... 53
13.13 Aviation Warning Lights .......................................................................................................................................................................... 54
13.14 System Capacity.......................................................................................................................................................................................... 54
14 Appendix ............................................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
14.1 Averaging of Data ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 55
14.2 Definition of Unproduced Power and Energy ............................................................................................................................. 55
14.3 Power Curve Correction Factors ........................................................................................................................................................ 56
14.4 Wind Reporting System Data Type Definitions .......................................................................................................................... 57
14.4.1 Operational Data Points ............................................................................................................................................................... 57
14.4.2 Wind Turbine Performance Data ............................................................................................................................................ 60
14.4.3 System Status Messages and Statistical Counters ....................................................................................................... 63
14.4.4 System Commands......................................................................................................................................................................... 70
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1 Purpose and Scope of this Document

The purpose of this document is to describe the features and functions of the GE Energy – WindSCADA wind
power plant SCADA System. This is a technical document for use by engineers in determining the functions of
the GE WindSCADA system and in aiding in the application of this system in a wind plant.
This document also provides application guidelines related to the wind plant SCADA system, the wind power
plant’s site Local Area Network (LAN), remote connectivity, system interfaces and other areas of wind plant
owner and operator interest and responsibility.
1. General Electric Company has made every reasonable attempt

to ensure the completeness and accuracy of this document.
However, the information contained in this document is subject
to change without notice, and does not represent a commitment
on the part of General Electric Company
2. Some functions may be optional and not included with a specific
project or wind plant.
2 Introduction
GE Energy’s WindSCADA System has been developed to provide a full range of integrated and easy-to-use
software applications and services to continuously improve productivity and profitability of a wind plant with
GE wind turbines. The system is applicable to wind plants with only a few wind turbines to wind plants with up
to 500 turbines. The GE WindSCADA System provides a seamless integrated solution that ensures maximum
reliability and data integrity, open system access, and advanced data management. The system includes a
fully-integrated, powerful and flexible wind plant reporting system that allows operators, owners and other
stakeholders to monitor, analyze and optimize wind plant operation and performance.
Featuring a range of unified and integrated modules to meet individual wind plant site requirements, the
WindSCADA system allows information to be shared freely between wind plant assets and enterprise
applications, helping organizations to improve operational efficiencies. Modules are focused on specific
applications such as real time data collection, historical data collection, archiving, alarm management and
notification, enterprise interfaces and other specific requirements and can be implemented individually or as
part of an overall solution. The WindSCADA System’s open architecture allows wind plant operators to start
with a basic monitoring, control and reporting system and expand as needed to meet the evolving
requirements of wind plant operations.
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3 System Architecture
3.1 Overview
The GE Energy WindSCADA System is designed to be flexible in design architecture in order to support the
broad requirements of different applications and address the varying parameters of wind plant monitoring,
control, visualization and reporting. The system design supports expansion to facilitate the addition of
incremental wind farm assets such as additional WTG’s, meteorological masts, WindCONTROL wind park
management system., or Substation / Utility interfaces (may require additional equipment and scope).
Wind Plant SCADA System Overview
Please note that not all components or systems in the diagram

may be Included in a Standard Project. The “WindSCADA Compact”
system offering has limited functionality and is described later in
this document. GE and Customer scope is not delineated in the
diagram.
Fehler! Es ist nicht möglich, durch die Bearbeitung von Feldfunktionen Objekte zu erstellen.
GE Connection
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The WindSCADA system is comprised of the following primary subsystems:
Wind Turbine SCADA is a PC-based software application within each WTG tower that functions as a primary
user interface for WTG configuration and maintenance, does primary data processing and provides a historical
data buffer for data integrity. Each system includes a keyboard / mouse and monitor. See Note below on the
GE Mark VIe based WTG system (ESS)
Site Local Area Network (LAN) (also called SCADA Network) is an Ethernet fiber optic-based system that
connects all GE WTGs that are within the wind plant to the WindSCADA cabinet, which is typically located in the
wind plant substation or O&M building. The LAN also connects the optional WindCONTROL plant-level control
system, the optional Substation Interface Device and optional approved/validated customer-supplied devices
to the WindSCADA system.
WindSCADA Server / Client Applications are the primary system for collection, visualization and storage of
real time and historical data for the site. Typically housed in a freestanding cabinet located in the substation or
operations building, the system contains network switches, rack mounted servers, an integrated keyboard /
monitor, a UPS and software for real-time data collection, Microsoft® SQL server, reporting subsystem and
enterprise connectivity via OPC (option) and ODBC (option). (Note: WindSCADA Compact is normally located
inside a WTG Down-Tower-Assembly cabinet for non-ESS turbines.
Ancillary Systems (optional) that include wind plant subsystems such as the GE WindCONTROL plant
management system used for wind plant control of voltage, power factor and MW output, Substation Interface
Device for acquisition of digital and analog signals from substation primary power plant equipment, and
Customer Met mast data logger interface.
Note on the GE Mark VIe Based WTG System (ESS)
GE is implementing a phased introduction of a new Mark VIe-based wind turbine control system. The
differences between the Bachmann Embedded Controller (BEC) system that is described in this document and
the new Mark Vie system are limited to functions within the wind turbine. The wind plant level SCADA system is
unchanged. Therefore the wind plant site level SCADA described in this document (WindSCADA) is the same
whether the wind turbine control system is Bachmann-based or Mark VIe-based.
From a customer’s perspective, the major change between the Bachmann-based system and the Mark VIe
system is that a local PC-based HMI, including monitor and keyboard are not provided in the tower. For the
Mark VIe system the monitoring / configuration access for a service technician while inside the WTG is
accomplished using a web browser and the technician’s laptop computer. For wind plant projects with ESS
WTG's the standard commercial offering is that one service laptop is provided for every 20 ESS WTG's.
Additional laptops can be procured by customer for ESS projects. Software provided includes:
WorkstationSt/ToolboxST (for MarkVIe Controller), Windows XP, and utilities. Included is one USB Key used with
ControlST/WorkstationST/ToolboxST.
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3.2 Wind Turbine SCADA

The Wind Turbine SCADA is located within each wind turbine. See note above on GE Mark VIe based systems.
This subsystem is comprised of;
An industrial embedded Windows® based PC communicating to the WTG’s PLC / Controller and to
the site LAN
A keyboard, mouse and monitor
A network switch (multi-ported copper to fiber)
Basic functions provided by the Wind Turbine SCADA:
Local user interface for configuration, maintenance and trouble shooting of the WTG by authorized
service personnel
Calculation of 10-minute arithmetic mean averages, maximum, minimum and standard deviation of
key wind turbine operational data
Recording of wind turbine faults and alarms
Recording of key wind turbine data associated with a fault for analysis. When a fault occurs, a
“snapshot” flash file is created. It contains 7 minutes of pre-fault and 3 minutes of post-fault data
sampled at 1Hz. Operations and Maintenance personnel can later analyze this data in tabular or
graphical format. Note: for the Mark VIe systems, this “snapshot” data is not available locally, but
is automatically uploaded to WindSCADA when a fault occurs. Also, the “snapshot” (aka Trip Log)
from a Mark VIe includes 24hrs worth of data at varying sample rates, including 100Hz-sampled
data around the time of the fault. The 100Hz sampling rate is typically configured to record data
for 50 seconds pre-fault and 30 seconds post-fault (5,000 / 3,000 samples respectively)
Up to two weeks of historical data buffering of operational maintenance data. In the event of an
interruption in the site network or operation of the SQL database, this historical data is
automatically resynchronized with the SCADA Master SQL database.
3.3 Site Local Area Network (LAN)

The site local area network (LAN or SCADA Network) interconnects all primary components of the system. It
provides the medium for exchange of all data and files through the system including alarms, remote
measurements, remote controls, remote configuration and parameter settings..
The LAN design is a 10/100 Mbit/sec single looped ring fiber optic design, which provides a redundant
communication path, should there be a break within a single connection path. The fiber optic switches are
designed to provide automatic switching to the redundant path within 500 milliseconds without loss of data,
Refer to Application Notes - Wind plant LAN for further information.
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3.4 WindSCADA Servers

The WindSCADA Servers are typically located within the wind plant substation or O&M building. These host a
number of key functions:
Data collection from all devices in the system via a real-time data polling engine
Sophisticated data management functions including plant-level metrics, unit/groupsupervisory
control as well as unit alarm management and system diagnostics.
A web(browser) -based User Interface to eliminate client-server compatibility issues.
Additional screen support for optional GE WindCONTROL wind park management system, customer
met masts, and substation interface(s)
Long-term storage of site data in a relational data base (Microsoft SQL) with an integrated web server
for production and maintenance reporting functions
Graphical and tabular historical reporting in several common formats with “ad hoc” engineering
analysis queries
Enterprise access for real time data using OPC and historical data with ODBC (Open Data Base
Connectivity)
Operator alarm windows with options for remote notification via SMS/text messaging, email, and
other formats
System time synchronization for all supported devices in the wind plant LAN via a central PC/Server
clock, or optionally from a satellite-based GPS time reference
3.5 WindSCADA Compact System Offering

The WindSCADA Compact system is specifically designed for small wind plants that do not have a substation
or control room for the standard WindSCADA rack/cabinet. The WindSCADA Compact server/hardware is
installed at the bottom of the tower. The system provides the same features / functionality as WindSCADA
Standard except that the system is limited to wind plants of less than 50 MW. See the application notes later in
this document for additional details on the WindSCADA Compact.
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3.6 WindCONTROLTM Plant Management System - Optional

The WindCONTROL system (formerly referred to as Windfarm Management System - WFMS) is an optional site
control system that interfaces with each WTG. The system is designed to regulate either wind plant voltage or
power factor at the point of interconnect to the utility grid. WindCONTROL is also is designed to regulate the
real power output of the total site for instances when power output must be curtailed, typically due to utility
grid constraints.
WindCONTROL is a standalone closed loop control system that is totally integrated into the GE WindSCADA
System. All WindCONTROL operator user interface screens for parameter input, control and viewing of real
time data, alarms or historical data are integrated into the WindSCADA System. The SCADA system is also used
for all reports associated with WindCONTROL functions. Please refer to the following document, available from
GE, for more information: “WindCONTROL Functional Description and Application Guide”.
3.7 Third Party Met Mast Datalogger / SCADA Interface (Optional)

The optional met mast DataLogger / SCADA Interface is used to provide an interface from Customer-supplied
met mast Dataloggers to the WindSCADA system. This hardware / software option utilizes a TCP/IP MODBUS
interface to integrate the real time environmental data coming from the Customer’s met mast data logger into
the WindSCADA real-time met mast data displays and OPC server. The GE application also calculates 10-
minute averages of the 1 second data coming from the Customer’s met mast data logger and stores these
records in the GE system’s Historical Database for use in reports.
The Customer is responsible for providing the met mast tower, instrumentation, data logger, device power and
communications as well as all installation and commissioning of the data logger. Also in Customer scope is
providing fiber connectivity from the data logger through to the nearest GE WTG. GE scope includes all
hardware and software interfaces at the point from the Customer fiber inside the WTG onward.
Presently the following met mast datal ogger interfaces are supported:
Campbell Scientific CR1000 and CR3000.

Please consult GE Application Engineering for assistance in determining the availability of interfaces to other
third party data loggers.
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3.8 Substation/Grid Equipment Interface

Special Option / Requires Quotation
The optional Site Substation Interface is typically used to provide an interface to the WindSCADA system for:
Receiving digital / status signals from substation primary equipment such as breaker position, relay
alarms, etc..
Receiving pulses (accumulator) inputs from meters
Basic breaker “Open” commands. Select – Check - Before Operate functionality is not supported
Sending unique digital and analog signals to the utility RTU as may be required for grid compliance or
connection agreement compliance
Interfacing with substation devices such as relays and meters using serial and / or Ethernet
communications
This interface hardware is uniquely configured for each project. Please consult GE Application Engineering for
assistance in determining the applicability of this system for each wind plant site.
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4 WindSCADA System User Interface

4.1 General Overview of User Interface
For monitoring and control at the site level, the WindSCADA system provides an intuitive and user-friendly
interface. It utilizes a web server to provide command and control functionality through a standard web
browser and has been tested with the most popular browsers used in industry.
The user can easily navigate between screens without a complex hierarchy of steps. On the left side of most
displays is a tree menu, which facilitates fast navigation while indicating device status. The user can customize
the display elements based on their preferences.
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4.2 List of Standard Screens Provided with System

The following is a list of the typical user interface screens / objects provided with the system:
Site Overview Graphical Overview The user can import an image such as a topography map or site
plan as background to the graphical overview screen, then drag
and drop WTG icons as desired.
Turbine Overview Comprehensive data from all WTGs
Site Overview Includes trend
Alarm Display List of active alarms with ability to sort and filter.
Turbines (All) Live Data Real-time operational data from all WTGs
Timers & Counters Operational statistics indicating performance over time.
Group Control Start, Stop, Reset of groups of WTGs
Turbine (Individual) Live Data Real-time operational data from a single WTG
Unit Control Comprehensive controls for a single WTG, access dependent upon
User Level
Trending For trending of a single WTG values
I/O Data Detailed state of the WTG Controller’s I/O
Nacelle Overview Comprehensive view of the WTG nacelle components
Met Mast Live Data Real-time operational data from a selected met mast
Trending Allows trending of user selected data from the selected met mast
I/O Data Detailed state of the I/O data from the selected met mast
Overview Overview of the met mast data
Site Trending Comprehensive function to trend user selected data points over a
user selected time period
Substation (Optional) Optional screens to display substation and grid interface data
WindCONTROL (per Live Data Comprehensive list of data points from the WindCONTROL
system)
Trending Allows trending of user selected data from the selected

WindCONTROL
I/O Data Detailed state of the I/O data from the selected WindCONTROL
Power Control (Option) Used for SCADA screen control of the WindCONTROL power
controller. Allows user set point in plant MW output set point and
read WindCONTROL values related to power control
VAR Control 1 (Option) Used for SCADA screen control of wind plant voltage and power
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VAR Control 2 (Option) Additional WindCONTROL Control and indication
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4.3 Turbine / WindCONTROL Status (Mode)

For the systems connected onto the site LAN, the operating mode of the device (WTG, Met mast,
WindCONTROL or other) will be indicated on the left hand side of all screens in the menu tree. The turbine icon
will change color depending upon that individual wind turbine’s status:
Status Categories
Normal Impacted Faulted Stopped

Ok Cable untwisted Faulted Manual stopped
Online Shadow Net Com Emergency stop
Run-up Ice Detection PLC Com External Stop
Noise reduced Timeout Service Remote Stop
Wind Repair
Stop due calm Maintenance
Internal Curtailment
External Curtailment
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The tree menu (visible on most displays), provides a sum of the turbines in each status category.
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4.4 Real-time Data Available from User Interface

Sample List of Real Time Data Points Available for WTG
WTG Analog Values
 Tower deflection  n-set 1  Temp generator 1
 Power factor  n-set 2  Temp generator 2
 Reactive power  Torque, actual value  Temp bearing A
 Voltage L1-N  Torque, set value  Temp bearing B
 Voltage L2-N  Operating state  Temp gearbox
 Voltage L3-N  State and fault  Temp. air
 Current L1  Wind deviation 10 sec.  Temp nacelle
 Current L2  Circuit breaker cut-ins  Temp generator cooling air
 Current L3  Tower acceleration  Temp gear box bearing
 Nacelle Revolution  Drive train Acceleration  Temp shaft bearing
 Generator Speed (PLC)  Temp gearbox bear B  High Speed running number
 Wind Deviation 1 sec.  Temperature ext. oil heater  Temperature 1-Transformer
 Power Factor Set Value  Vacuum external oil heater  Temperature 2-Transformer
 Hydraulic pressure  Line Frequency  Temperature 3-Transformer
 Scope CH1  T tower base 1
 Scope CH2  T tower base 2
 Scope CH3  Particle Counter (option)
 Scope CH4
Sample List of Real Time Data Points Available for Optional Customer Met mast Interface)
 Anemometer 1 Wind speed  Wind Vane 1 Direction  Air Pressure
 Anemometer 2 Wind speed  Wind Vane 2 Direction  Air Temperature
 Anemometer 3 Wind speed  Wind Vane 3 Direction  Air Humidity
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Partial List of Real Time Data Points Available for WindCONTROL (Optional System)
Analogs Digitals
Power Average L-L Voltage UPS Alarm
 Reactive Power  Line Drop Voltage  Bank 1 Switched On
 Reactive Power of the WTGs  Line Frequency  Bank 2 Switched On
 Actual Possible Park Power  Current L1  Bank 3 Switched On
 Actual WTG Power  Current L2  Bank 4 Switched On
 Voltage L1-N  Current L3  Power Controller Active
 Voltage L2-N  Average Current  U, Phi, Q Controller Active
 Voltage L3-N  Wind Speed
 Average Voltage (L-N)  Wind Direction
 Number of WTGs Connected  Number of WTGs Online and

and Communicating Running
Note: The above is a partial list of available data.

The current, voltage and power values displayed are as measured
by the CTs and PTs that the WindCONTROL is utilizing in the
substation.
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4.5 Typical I/O Data Available from User Interface

When viewing the I/O Data tab of an individual WTG, or the GE WindCONTROL the user can see the actual
status of the digital and analog signals of that system. This panel shows various analog and digital data points
with description, status and type (whether it is analog or digital) as shown in the picture.
Sample WTG I/O Data List
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4.6 Nacelle Overview

The Nacelle Overview display provides the Operator a comprehensive view of key operating data for an
individual WTG.
Nacelle Overview
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4.7 Timers and Counters Available from User Interface

The following data can be selectively displayed on the SCADA screen for each WTG when the “Operational
Data” tab is selected for an individual WTG. For each data point a value is displayed for “Since Commissioning”
and “Current Month”. Using the reporting function, a user has the ability to run a report on a configurable set of
data points for a selected time period.
Sample of Operational Data Available from Each WTG
Production (kWh) Number of total kW hours produced (as measure by relay in WTG)
Consumption (kWh) Number of total kW hours consumed (as measure by relay in WTG)
Grid Operating Time Total time the grid was available
Turbine OK Time Total time the WTG had OK status (WTG capable of producing energy)
Down Time Total time the WTG has been down (WTG in Faulted mode)
Grid Outage Time Total time the grid was not available
Weather Outage Time Total weather outage time since commissioning; storm, low wind or cold
temperatures
External Stop Time Total time the WTG was stopped from an external command (shadow
sensor or other hardwired external device)
Customer Stop Time Total time that the customer stopped the WTG (manual switch in WTG
nacelle)
Repair Time Total time the WTG was in Repair mode (WTG Repair Mode Key switch
ON)
Service Time Total time the WTG was in Service / Maintenance mode (WTG Service
Mode Key switch ON)
Production Energy Meter (kWh) Production as measured by a third party energy meter
Consumption Energy Meter (kWh) Consumption as measured by a third party energy meter
Production Reactive Energy (kVArh) Reactive Energy Produced (as measure by relay in WTG)
Consumption Reactive Energy Reactive Energy Consumed (as measure by relay in WTG)
(kVArh)
External Stop Power Time Total external stop time since commissioning, when WTG is stopped due
to a stop demand from an external device
Q_CAP (kVARh) Reactive Energy Produced (as measure by third party energy meter in
WTG)
Q-IND (kVARh) Reactive Energy Consumed (as measure by third party energy meter in
WTG)
Wind Direction Stop Time Total time the WTG was stopped due to a wind direction stop command
UPE: Internal Curtailment Time Total internal curtailment time since commissioning, when WTG is
operating in reduced power mode due to an internal condition like noise
reduction, too high or low temperatures (UPE: unproduced energy)
UPE: Internal Curtailment Set point External curtailment power set point average, when WTG is operating in
Average (kW) reduced power mode due to a request from WindCONTROL or to grid
condition
UPE: External (WindCONTROL) Total internal curtailment time since commissioning, when WTG is
Curtailment Time operating in reduced power mode due to a request from WindCONTROL
or to grid condition
UPE: External (WindCONTROL) External curtailment power set point average, when WTG is operating in
Curtailment Setout Average (kW) reduced power mode due to a request from WindCONTROL or to grid
condition
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Sample of Operational Data Available from Each WindCONTROL (Optional)
Run Time (Total) Total run time of the system

Curtail Time (Total) Total time that the system was sending a curtailment command to
the WTGs
Number of Curtailments (Total) Total number of curtailment commands sent to the WTGs
Number of Switching Actions Bank 1 Total number of times that Capacitor or Reactor Bank 1 was
switched on
switched on
switched on
switched on
Total Positive Energy Total energy produced as measured at the substation by the
WindCONTROL
Total Negative Energy Total energy consumed as measured at the substation by the
WindCONTROL
Total Positive Reactive Energy Total Reactive energy produced as measured at the substation by
the WindCONTROL
Total Negative Reactive Energy Total energy consumed as measured at the substation by the
WindCONTROL
Total Positive Energy in Curtailment Total energy produced as measured at the substation by the
Mode WindCONTROL when the system was in Curtailment mode
Total Negative Energy in Curtailment Total energy consumed as measured at the substation by the
Mode WindCONTROL when the system was in Curtailment mode
Total Positive Reactive Energy in Total reactive energy produced as measured at the substation by
Curtailment Mode the WindCONTROL when the system was in Curtailment mode
Total Negative Reactive Energy in Total reactive energy consumed as measured at the substation by
Curtailment Mode the WindCONTROL when the system was in Curtailment mode
Total Possible Active Energy in Total possible active energy production as calculated by
Curtailment Mode WindCONTROL based upon individual WTG’s wind speed and power
curve. See note below
Total Negative Possible Active Energy Total possible active energy production as calculated by
in Curtailment Mode WindCONTROL based upon individual WTG’s wind speed and power
curve. See note below.
Unproduced Active Energy Difference between actual power produced at the WTGs and Total
Possible Active Power. See note below.
Please refer to Appendix- Definition of Unproduced Power for definition of this term.
4.8 WTG Reliability / Availability Bar Graphs

On the Key Performance Indicators (KPI) display the operator can choose to see (in %) WTG Reliability and
Availability, and also show them in the turbine trending graph. GE Availability and up to 8 customer specific
Availability values/formulas can be set. Up to a total of 3 user selected values can be displayed at once in the
KPI display and up to 8 values can be displayed in the trending graph.
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4.9 Trending
Real time trending can be initiated from a number of the user interface screens. Trending functions include:
The operator can select up to 8 points to be trended in any one trending screen or up to 12 points if
two graphs are used
The operator can select to trend any of the available real-time data points from the WTGs, the
WindCONTROL, the met masts, or a substation interface
The time frame displayed is user selectable from 1 minute to 1 hour
The operator can zoom in or “rubber band” to enlarge a selected area by dragging the cursor to
highlight a specific region of the trend chart.
By selecting Site Overview screen, the operator can continuously trend a number of wind plant
values. This trend panel can hold up to one hour of one-second-interval data and is updated as
long as the operator is connected to the real time system at the site.
By selecting the Site Trending screen the operator will see up to three data panels that displays the
current value, minimum value, maximum value and the mean / average value for the visible
series. This screen also supports a tracker function in which a point on a trend can be displayed
in a box by positioning a horizontal and vertical line over the desired trend point.
4.10 Operator Logbook

When in the Alarm Details screen, the user has the ability to input comments to associate with that particular
Alarm occurrence. This text string is then stored in the historical database with the event and is retrieved for
display in the Command and Event report.
4.11 Grouping
Besides the option to group Wind turbines by status or ID, they can also be grouped by the wind plant operator
into logical groups such as per collection circuit, substation circuit, etc. The group name is created by the
operator and can be renamed at a later date. A particular group can then be selected for display, group
controls or reporting purposes.
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4.12 Wind Plant Controls

Overview
The system provides numerous capabilities for control of the WTGs. All control operations initiated through the
SCADA system include a confirmation popup window which asks the SCADA system operator to confirm the
control before the control command is sent.
Typical Controls Available
ESS Turbines - Turbine Level (Maintenance) General Pitch

 Start  Pitch Automatic
 Stop WTG  Pitch Manual
 Reset  Pitch Plus
 Load Shutdown  Pitch Minus
 Idling  Pitch Stop
 Close Brake  Set Blade Angle 1
 Manual Battery Test  Set Blade Angle 2
 Yaw Automatic  Set Blade Angle 3
 Yaw Manual
 Yaw Left Yaw
 Yaw Right  Yaw Automatic
 Yaw Stop  Yaw Manual
 Yaw Lubr. Manual  Yaw Left
 Yaw Right
Gearbox  Yaw Stop
 Gearbox Auto
 Gearbox Manual Speed
 Cooler Slow Stage OFF  Speed Automatic
 Cooler Slow Stage ON  Speed Manual
 Cooler Fast Stage OFF  Stop Manual Operation
 Cooler Fast Stage ON  Speed Increase
 Pump Fast Stage OFF  Speed Decrease
 Pump Fast Stage ON  Vibration .Sensor Test
 Standby Heater OFF  Set Speed
 Standby Heater ON
Generator
 Heating Tapes OFF
 Gen. Fan Auto
 Heating Tapes ON
 Gen. Fan Manual
 Pump Slow Stage OFF
 Heating Auto
 Pump Slow Stage ON
 Heating Manual
CCU  Generator. Fan On
 CCU ACK  Generator Fan Off
 Heating On
 Heating Off
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Bachmann Turbines (Non-ESS) - Turbine General Yaw

Level (Maintenance)  Start  Yaw Automatic
 Stop/Reset  Yaw Manual
 Load Shutdown  Yaw Left
 Idling  Yaw Right
 Close Brake  Yaw Stop
 Manual Battery Test
Pitch
Speed  Pitch Auto
 Stop Manual Operation.  Pitch Plus
 Speed Auto  Pitch Minus
 Speed Increase  Pitch Stop
 Speed Decrease  Set Blade Angle 1
 Set Speed  Set Blade Angle 2
 Set Blade Angle 3
CCU  Set Blade Angle 1-3
 CCU Auto
 CCU On
 CCU Off
 Enable Wind Boost
 Disable Wind Boost
 Gen. Fan On
 Gen. Fan Off
 CCU ACK
ESS Turbines - Turbine Level (Operators) General Yaw
 Start  Yaw Automatic
 Stop WTG  Yaw Manual
 Reset  Yaw Left
 Load Shutdown  Yaw Right
 Idling  Yaw Stop
 Close Brake
 Manual Battery Test
 Yaw Automatic
 Yaw Manual
 Yaw Left
 Yaw Right
 Yaw Stop
 Yaw Lubrication Manual
ESS Turbines & Bachmann Turbines-  Start
Group Level (Operators)  Stop
 Load Shut Down
ESS Turbines & Bachmann Turbines-  Start
Group Level (Maintenance)  Stop
 Load Shut Down
Wind Plant Voltage, Power Factor and MW Output Control
If the wind plant is equipped with the optional WindCONTROL system, then the WindSCADA system can be
utilized as an operator interface for the input of set points for wind plant voltage, power factor and MW Power
outputs. Please refer to the GE document ‘WindCONTROL Functional Description and Application Guide” for
more information on the WindCONTROL system and its capabilities.
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4.13 Wind Plant System Element Configuration

The WTG controller, WindCONTROL and GE Met mast are configured through the configuration of those
devices’ parameters. The WindSCADA system does not presently allow modification of the parameters of these
devices. These changes are only supported by the ToolboxST tool (for ESS turbines and WindCONTROL) or the
VisuPro Plant application running on the individual WTG PlantPC.
4.14 SCADA Hardware and Network Monitoring

The WindSCADA system provides improved system diagnostics and facilitates preventive maintenance with
tools that monitor the SCADA and Network components. The system can generate alarms based on rules for
selected data values and the user interface provides a screen (System Sentry) to display key hardware metrics.
Data that would typically be available includes:
Wind Plant Network Switches: ring redundancy status, port status, error counters
SCADA Servers: free disk space, power supply status, NIC status, CPU temperature, physical hard disk
failure, logical hard disk failure.
5 Alarm and Event Management

The system provides a powerful and flexible alarm and event manager. In addition to the standard alarms
generated by the WTG controls the user can configure additional alarms based on system variables. Alarms
are displayed in the alarm window on the SCADA user interface as they occur and are active. The system can
be configured to automatically clear inactive alarms, or to preserve them in the display until they have been
acknowledged by a user. The alarm window allows a user to sort and filter based on the system which
generated the alarm, the priority of the alarm and the category (subsystem) with which the alarm is
associated. A remote notification utility has been provided and pre-configured with the standard WTG alarms
which are high priority (production is affected). This utility can be used to trigger notification to remote users
via SMS text messaging, email or both. The utility can be re-programmed to customize the system alarms
which result in remote notification.
All alarms (standard + custom)

configured in system
Alarms filtered in
Alarms configured for user display
remote callout
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Events
(For remote notification options and configuration, see documentation of ControlSee U.C.ME® software)
E-Mail Callout
If the e-Mail callout is selected the user configures the name of an e-Mail server and specific e-mail address
accessible from that server. The user will also configure the “from” e-Mail address and a string containing the
e-Mail address or addresses where the event information is to be sent.
In the event that one of the e-Mail addresses cannot be reached after multiple attempts (typically 5 attempts),
the Alarm Manager will issue an alarm visible on the Alarm Viewer as described above with information
describing the Event Group and associated e-Mail address.
The name of the event group and alarm description, system number and date/time that the alarm occurred
are provided in the message body, in a format similar to the alarm viewer. Future releases will support
functionality that when multiple alarms occur in one event group within in a period of time (typically 30
seconds), the alarm manager will recognize the alarms in one group and generate only one e-Mail message
containing the message text for each individual alarm in the e-Mail body.
Customer must supply the mail server and the LAN connectivity to
that server from the GE system and this server must be capable of
supporting the SMTP e-mail protocol.
SMS Call Out
If the SMS callout is selected the user can configure a mobile phone number to be called each time one of the
events in the group occurs. When the callout is initiated the system sends an SMS message to the
preconfigured mobile phone number and the SMS message sent will contain details on the fault as a text
message.
Audible Alarming
The WindSCADA web-based interface plays default sound for all alarm classes.
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6 Historical Data Management

6.1 Overview
Historical data from the wind plant is stored within the SCADA Server in an industry standard Microsoft SQL
database, facilitating the use of common commercially available tools for database system backup and
database access.
All key individual wind turbine operational data, error messages and fault files are buffered in memory within
each individual WTG control for a period of up to14 days to preclude any loss of wind turbine operational data
if connectivity is lost to the WTG. The historical data in each wind turbine is periodically synchronized with the
primary wind plant SQL database. If there is a loss of communications between the WTG and the primary
database, the system will automatically re-synchronize itself when communications are restored. All data is
(UTC) time stamped at the source (PLC for example), so time coherency is maintained.
Historical data from any configured met masts is also buffered locally by the met mast interface PC.
6.2 List of Typical Historical Data Stored

The system stores within its SQL Database a comprehensive record of historical data points that typically
includes:
All device Event data including alarms, and user commands/inputs (with user ID) time stamped to 1
second resolution (1ms for ESS devices)
10 minute averages of all analog channels
For wind speed and power the maximum value, minimum value and standard deviation within a ten-
minute period are also recorded
All operational timers and counters are stored at 10-minute intervals
Snapshot / fault data which is automatically generated during trip events [Note: for ESS turbines, the
fault data are stored in separate *.dca files outside of the relational database.]
6.3 Historical Database Capacity and Backup

The system is sized to store three years of all key operational data on the historical database server’s hard
drives (except for the WindSCADA Compact system which has 45 days data storage capacity and the
WindSCADA Standard which has 1 year data storage capacity). In addition, the key operational data is
aggregated (typically daily records, but wind speed and power records are also binned so that 10-min
granularity is preserved for power curve reports). The aggregated data is kept for the lifecycle of the plant
(typically 20 years).
Standard configuration includes a Microsoft SQL Server® system job that runs once per day (typically 2:00 am
local time) to make a backup of the database to a compressed file. This file could be manually copied to media
or an external system. GE also offers an optional Tape Backup System for the WindSCADA Plus systems.
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6.4 System Hard Drive Configuration

The system is configured with a RAID 5 Hard drive configuration for the historical database server. RAID
(Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a system configuration which uses multiple hard drives to share or
replicate data among multiple drives. The benefit of this configuration is increased data integrity, fault
tolerance and throughput. RAID 5 has achieved popularity due to its low cost of redundancy and is a common
feature of server based systems that require a significant degree of data storage integrity.
6.5 Fault Data

To aid in WTG troubleshooting procedures, the WTG controls are designed to take an automatic “snapshot” of
WTG data whenever a major fault occurs. This data is downloaded by the WindSCADA server and stored for
14days before being deleted permanently.
For non-ESS systems, the data file contains all key WTG operational data for seven minutes pre-fault and three
minutes post-fault, with a one second resolution. This fault data can be accessed from the Reporting section of
the WindSCADA user interface. The user selectes from the list the fault file they want to view and then the data
set associated with this fault (10 minutes of 1 second data) can be exported to an Excel file or alternatively
viewed as a graph plot.
For ESS systems, the data file contains 24hrs of key operational data, with the following granularity:
24hrs prior – 4hrs prior: 10min sampled data

4hrs prior – 40min prior: 1min sampled data
40min prior – 20min prior: 10sec sampled data
20min prior – 50sec prior: 1sec sampled data
50sec prior – 30sec post: 0.01sec sampled data (100Hz)
The file also contains a record of all alarms and events (max. 200) in the same time period. If there are more
than 200 alarms or events, those alarms and events closest to the trip event will be preserved (150 prior/50
post).
The dca files containing the ESS fault data are viewable using the Trender tool provided on the WindSCADA
server.
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7 Wind Plant Reporting

7.1 Reporting Overview
The WindSCADA user interface provides a reporting subsystem that allows you to create a catalog of reports
for wind plant operations, maintenance, and production.
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7.2 Sample Report Format

The default format for each of the reports is the Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML). Several other formats
are supported using the Export command:
XML file
Comma separated variable (CSV) file
Microsoft Excel® spread sheet file
TIFF file
PDF file
An example report follows:
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7.3 Report Scheduling

Scheduled reports address several common needs in effectively managing a wind turbine site:
Generating monthly production reports for the finance team

Periodic maintenance reports that assist in prioritizing the engineering effort to optimize wind turbine
performance
Daily diagnostic reports for the operations team
Reports can be scheduled to execute once or on a periodic basis. These scheduled reports are accessible via
links in the WindSCADA user interface. The system is pre-configured to execute certain default reports on
different intervals; this default configuration may be modified at any time so that users can have near-
instantaneous access to the data that is most useful for their operations.
7.4 Sample List of Standard Wind plant Reports

Sample List of Standard Reports
Report Name Description

Operational Data Report Displays up to twelve user selected 10-minute averaged values in both
graphic and tabular format. The parameters can span one or multiple
systems for a defined range of time.
Hr/ Day/ Wk Average Values Report Takes the 10-minute averaged variables and extends the averaging to an
hour, a day, or a week based on user selections. This reduces the data set
for the report and in some cases can provide a more meaningful
representation of the process.
Meter Reading Report Documents the wind turbine and/or WFMS statistical counters in ten-
minute intervals for the selected time period across one or multiple
systems.
Plant Efficiency Report Provides efficiency metrics on one or a group of wind turbines, including:
 Capacity factor
 Produced energy
 Expected energy
 Downtime loss
 Curtailment loss
 Performance ratio
 Availability
Unproduced Energy due to The condition in which the grid cannot accept all the power that the wind
Curtailment Report turbines can deliver is referred to as curtailment. The WFMS system in a GE
wind plant manages curtailment, taking references from the grid, and
distributing them to the individual wind turbines. This report documents
the unproduced energy associated with the curtailment function for a
selected period of time.
Performance Report Provides performance related metrics on one or a group of wind turbines,
including:
 Standard reliability
 Standard availability
 Production
 Consumption
Grid Report The Grid report provides the following information on the following
questions:
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 How much time has Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) 1-5 been
operating within grid limits within the past week?
 How much time has the site population of WTGs been operating
within grid limits within the past month?
The report data points are obtained from existing statistical
counters/timers.
Power Curve Reports For each of the power curve reports the user has the following selections:
 One or multiple wind turbines
 Source of wind speed instrumentation, wind turbine or metmast
 Time span for the report
 Optional air density compensation function
 Wind directional filter
Power Curve Line Plot Report Graphical comparison line-plot of the actual power output with the
theoretical calculated power output.
Power Curve Scatter Plot Report Graphical comparison scatter-plot of the actual power output with the
theoretical calculated power output.
Power Curve Line Plot Comparison Graphical comparison of three line-plots:
Report  Theoretical calculated power output for the wind turbine
 Actual power output from time span #1
 Actual power output from time span #2
Power Curve Scatter Plot with Color coded scatter plot with the following data points:
Min/Max Report  Ten-minute averaged set point power for wind turbine
 Theoretical calculated power output for the wind turbine
 Minimum power sample over the 10-minute period
 Maximum power sample over the 10-minute period
Wind Rose Bar Plot Report This report divides the compass into 12 sectors (30 degrees per sector). A
color-coded bar is constructed for each sector that represents all of its
associated wind data. The length of the bar conveys what percentage of
the time the wind has been in that sector. The color-coding in the bar
provides a profile of the wind strength for that sector.
Wind Rose Scatter Plot Report This report is a useful method to identify unusual wind events with each
sample being represented with a dot on the compass. The strength of the
wind for that sample is represented with the distance of the dot.
Wind Speed Distribution Report Provides a bar chart and tabular listing of ten-minute averages for wind
speed as measured from a wind turbine or Met mast.
Historian Data Coverage Report Documents any interruptions in the important stream of operational data
points (wind turbine operational data table) into the plant historian.
Fault Analysis Report When a wind turbine faults, causing the turbine downtime counter to
increment, there are frequently several additional faults with it. The Fault
Analysis report documents the initial reported fault over a configured
timeframe for one or a set of wind turbines.
VP/Bachmann PLC Communications Documents lapses in communication between the wind turbine PLC and
Loss Report SCADA PC.
Parameters Values Report The GE WindSCADA system uses parameters for the following functions:
 Control constants
 Selected operator and maintenance commands
 Feedback data points
This report provides a list of parameter values across one or multiple
systems.
X - Y Plot Report In most cases, it is useful to plot variables like wind and power against
time. However, there are instances where it is helpful to plot one variable
against another, examples include:
 Wind speed versus tower acceleration
 Temperature of one component versus another
 Phase A voltage versus phase B voltage
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 Phase A current versus phase B current
This report allows any two-wind turbine operating variables to be plotted
against each other.
Snapshot Report The wind turbine SCADA application in combination with the Bachmann
PLC have a snapshot function that captures ten-minutes of operational
data points surrounding an event (refer to following illustration).
Sample period of snapshot file:
- One sample per second
- Wind turbine operational data points
Event
Minutes prior to event Minutes after the event
-7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 +1 +2 +3
This report allows you to browse through the snapshot files in the historical
database and generate a tabular listing of a file with an optional graph.
Datapoint Report There are several different types of systems (for example wind turbines,
met masts, substation controllers, wind farm management systems) in a
wind site. Each of these systems has a set of data points associated with
them. This report is used to document the set of data points tied to each
system.
Command & Event Report When working to understand the activity surrounding a particular event, it
is useful to see both process and operator related actions in a
chronological order. The Command & Event report supports this function
with a composite listing of:
 Operator commands
 Process events (status messages)
 Inverted input commands
 Parameter change commands
Event Log Report Provides a tabular listing of the events (status messages) for a configured
timeframe and set of wind turbines. To provide the event context, the
Power, wind speed, and generator speed variables are included with each
entry.
Event Pareto Report Report provides:
 Color-coded scatter plot of events (status messages) by wind turbine
 Pareto chart of the events (status messages)
 Totals for each event over the configured timeframe and set of wind
turbines
Command Log Report There are instances where it is useful to view a chronological listing of
operational commands for a wind turbine, turbines, or the site. This report
provides a list of operational commands over a configured timeframe and
set of equipment.
Parameter Change Report The Wind SCADA system uses parameters for the following functions:
 Control constants
 Selected operator and maintenance commands
 Feedback data points
This report provides a tabular listing of parameter changes over a
configured timeframe and set of equipment.
Inverted Input Report In maintaining the wind turbines and associated equipment, control
system inputs are frequently inverted. The inverted input command inverts
a Boolean signal from its current state. For example, if the input is one and
it is inverted, its new value becomes zero. Inverted input signals are not
forced signals. This report provides a list of inverted inputs over a
configured timeframe and set of equipment.
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8 Remote User Access

8.1 WindSCADA user interface (web-based)
The GE WindSCADA System incorporates functionality of an integrated web server that provides a fully-
featured HMI to users accessing the server through a standard (3rd party) web browser, such as Microsoft
Internet Explorer. In addition to standard screens for displaying site data, system data and individual turbine
data (including control functions), the user can take elements available on the standard screens and create
their own custom displays (called “Dashboards”). GE’s WindSCADA web-based HMI provides remote
operational control of wind plant turbines within the wind plant, supporting both individual and group control.
This ability depends on the level of access of the user.
All network connectivity, including firewalls, router configuration, etc. to enable access to the web service on
the WindSCADA server is in Customer scope.
8.2 WindSCADA MobileHMI

The support for mobile devices to view wind plant information is available from WindSCADA 2010A release. The
WindSCADA MobileHMI provides monitoring only capability on iPhone, BlackBerry and Windows Mobile
devices. The user can view basic information such as turbine status, key performance metrics and faults. The
MobileHMI do not provide the ability to control any plant assets.
This feature shall be available as part of all WindSCADA options. The network infrastructure (Local Wi-Fi or
GPRS) to access Wind plant data from a mobile device is not part of GE Scope. The customer needs to provide
the required network infrastructure.
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9 Third Party Device/System Connectivity

9.1 OPC (Ole for Process Control) (Option)
OPC (http://www.opcfoundation.org/)is an open standard used globally in industrial automation and enterprise
systems. Interoperability is assured through the creation and maintenance of open standards specifications.
OPC is open connectivity via open standards. Based on fundamental standards and technology of the general
computing market, the OPC Foundation adapts and creates specifications that fill industry-specific needs.
The GE WindSCADA system supports an OPC DA Server Application in which all-key WTG data is passed from
the WindSCADA RTCore application to a third party OPC Client on a real time basis. Up to 50000 OPC points per
wind farm are supported for the WindSCADA Standard and Plus systems, and up to 5000 for the WindSCADA
Compact system. If the wind plant is equipped with the GE WindCONTROL or other third party device
interfaces, then real-time data from these systems is also passed through the OPC Server interface.
For further information refer to Application Notes: OPC Application Notes.
9.2 ODBC (Open Database Connectivity) (Option)

GE provides customer access to the system’s SQL historical database through Open Database Connectivity
(ODBC). ODBC is an Application Programming Interface (API) that allows a programmer to easily extract key
data from a database.
There are numerous third party ODBC interface tools, including free distribution solutions from Microsoft, that
provide database connectivity. GE will provide customer documentation that describes the database tables
that contain the historical data Analogs, List of Commands, Faults, Counters and Park Definition) as well as an
overview of the database schema.
For further information refer to Application Notes: ODBC
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9.3 Modbus Interface

Special Option / Requires Quotation)
The WindSCADA system can interface to certain third party devices through a Modbus TCP/IP master/client
interface. The interface to any third party devices must be evaluated for each project. The customer
requirements for any custom displays, data management, and historical data management will be evaluated
by GE on a project by project basis.
Below is a description of the device and functionality as presently supported by GE:
Device Application Comments

GE D20 RTU Interface to substation IEDs through Custom substation overview screens
serial or Ethernet connection, development requires customer defintion
interface to substation primary plant for quotation from GE. GE system capable
through discrete I/O signals, interface of calculating 10 minute averages of user
to grid RTU through discrete I/O selected real time data points and storing
signals, automation / PLC applications this in SQL server. Custom reports quoted
upon supply of customer requirements
Orion RTU Interface via Modbus TCP/IP from the Please review the GE documentation
customer-supplied Orion RTU to the desribing the standard interface and
GE WindSCADA system particular models that GE supports.
Schweitzer Engineering Interface via Modbus TCP/IP from the Please review the GE documentation
SEL-2030 / 3332 customer-supplied SEL-2030 desribing the standard interface and
substtaion IED to the GE WindSCADA particular models that GE supports.
system
Campbell Scientific Interface via Modbus TCP/IP from the Please review the GE documentation
Metmast Datalogger customer-supplied Campbell Scientific desribing the standard interface and
(See Section “Third Party Metmast SCADA datalogger to the GE particular models that GE supports.
Metmast Datalogger / WindSCADA system
SCADA Interface)
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10 Time Synchronization
Overview
All devices and systems on the SCADA LAN having real time clocks are synchronized to an NTP time server
running on the SCADA server.
The WTG controller time stamps all errors within the controller with a 1 millisecond resolution but +/- 50
millsecond accuracy, based upon the controller clock. The Non-ESS controller is polled by the WTG SCADA PC
once every second. Because the WTG controller does not receive the NTP messages directly from the server,
and the operating systems of WTG SCADA PC (which synchronize their respective controllers) cannot provide
high-accuracy (<1sec) synchronization, it is expected that there will be up to a 2sec discrepancy in time
resolution from the (Non-ESS) control systems at a site.
While all device system clocks operate on Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), the PC’s and real-time controllers
are configured to recognize and display offsets to local time, including any seasonal adjustments.
GPS Time Synchronization Server
In order to increase the accuracy of the real time clock in the SCADA server that is used to synchronize all the
device clocks, an optional GPS time synchronization server is available for the SCADA Master PC. Most PC Real
Time Clocks drift considerably over time and can gain or lose several seconds a day. Installation of the GPS
server as a time source for in the SCADA Master PC will typically keep the NTP time server signal accurate to
within 1 millisecond.
11 Internationalization
Engineering Units for displayed data are SI (standard for wind industry)
The WindSCADA user interfaces, configuration tools and system documentation are provided in English
language as a default. GE Energy can support customer needs for other languages on a case-by-case basis.
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12 System Security
12.1 Authentication, Authorization and Accounting
System security is essential in wind farm SCADA and automation. The GE Wind SCADA System has
incorporated a security model that manages all three aspects of the AAA protocol.
The SCADA LAN to which the real-time devices (WTG controls, etc) are connected is normally isolated from
external network connections. Physical security to the assets in the facility, including all SCADA LAN switches,
is the customer’s responsibility. The WindSCADA servers are provided with multiple network ports such that
they can be accessed from other customer networks. Again, GE assumes no responsibility for the security of
these other networks. Electronic access to the SCADA LAN is normally achieved by logging on to one of the
Microsoft Windows-based systems that are connected to it and which provide the tools for connecting directly
to the turbine and plant real-time control systems. These devices are normally integrated (by the customer)
from a security standpoint by using Integrated Windows Authentication, utilizing either the Workgroup or
Server Domain models. While default user and group accounts are provided with the system, the customer is
responsible for maintaining the configuration of user accounts, including addition and deletion of users and
groups as needed, to utilize WindSCADA effectively per the security model provided.
As noted above, the Authentication function of the WindSCADA security model is provided entirely by the
security features of the operating system. Remote clients on external networks leverage Integrated Windows
Authentication by automatically providing authentication credentials to the WindSCADA servers; if these
credentials are not recognized, the user is prompted for new credentials.
The Authorization function of the security model is designed around categories or “Roles” of authenticated
users. Users with the same role have the same privileges in the WindSCADA applications. The roles are
configured around the following three categories of users:
Viewers (read-only)
Operators (subset of commands to real-time control systems)
Maintenance (full commands to real-time control systems)
Multiple viewer and operator roles can be configured, with additional restrictions on the assets at the site that
those roles may access. A security configuration tool is provided to allow for configuration of all necessary
roles. The system is initially provided with three default roles and users: 1)viewer (all assets); 2)operator (all
assets); 3)maintenance.
The Accounting function is provided for in two ways: 1)the operating systems provide a record of system-level
functions and events and log the user credentials associated with those events (eg. login, logoff,
application/service, start/stop, system shutdown, etc.); 2) the WindSCADA services and tools keep a record of
application level functions (commands to real-time systems, etc) and the user credentials associated with
those events.
GE Power & Water
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12.2 Network Security

Site LAN
As noted above, for security and performance reasons GE does not recommend any external connection to the
SCADA LAN. It is standard GE policy to not allow use of the SCADA LAN by third party or customer applications.
The performance and functionality of the SCADA system cannot be guaranteed where this has been violated.
External Network Connection
It is customer responsibility to assure that appropriate network security solutions are implemented and
maintained for any customer connection to the wind plant SCADA system. Refer to Application Notes - Remote
Connectivity / Access for further information on remote customer access to the wind plant SCADA system
12.3 Virus Protection

All Wind plant IT assets are vulnerable to computer viruses. GE makes every possible effort to assure that upon
initial energizing of the SCADA system and its associated elements that the system will have been determined
to every extent possible to be free of viruses. The WindSCADA servers are provided with (licensed 3rd party)
anti-virus software (including virus signature updates and 2 years subscription license) that has been tested to
not adversely impact the operation of the standard WindSCADA applications, including data collection and
presentation to local and remote clients, database automation scripts, etc.
It is the customer’s responsibility to ensure virus signatures are kept current and that their assets remain virus-
free. GE cannot guarantee the performance of the WindSCADA system if other, unsupported (customer or 3rd
party) applications are installed on the WindSCADA servers or other PC’s on the SCADA LAN.
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13 Application Notes
13.1 WindSCADA Compact
The WindSCADA Compact is specifically designed for small wind plants that do not have a substation or control
room for the standard WindSCADA rack/cabinet. The WindSCADA Compact server/hardware is installed inside
one of the wind plant’s WTG main control cabinets inside the bottom of the WTG tower.
The system provides the same features / functionality as WindSCADA Standard offering with the following
restrictions & limitations:
Limited to wind plants of less than 50 MW and the WindSCADA Compact hardware can presently only
be installed inside a non-ESS WTG Down Tower Assembly
UPS backup time of 10 minutes for the SCADA and Bachmann controller hardware
Historical database limited to 45 days of wind plant operational and alarm data records
No CD or DVD writer for backup purposes but Customer can utilize standard USB devices (DVD,
External hard drive, etc, for backup purposes
Customer remote connectivity can be via standard analog modems (option) or via Customer installed network
interface equipment which must be installed outside the WTG’s main control cabinet. The system will support
GE Wind farm LAN connectivity to other supported GE systems (i.e. WindCONTROL, customer met mast
interface) with limitation that no additional PCs can be installed in the cabinet that houses the Compact
WindSCADA hardware.
The operating temperature range of the WindSCADA Compact hardware is -15°C to 55°C and the hardware
platform supports 4 x RS232 ports, 2 x Ethernet, ports and 4 x USB ports.
Standard options for the WindSCADA Compact package include Simple Messaging System (SMS) Customer
Remote Alarm Notification and OPC Server software functionality capability.
13.2 Wind Site LAN

The site layout will determine the equipment that GE provides for the fiber optic connectivity. In most cases the
wind site fiber optic cable will be laid in the same trenches as the wind site electrical system collection cables,
so the number of wind site SCADA network fiber optic cable loops is equivalent to the number of collection
circuits, with typically 5-20 WTGs per fiber collection loop. Standard design is that every second element in the
loop is “skipped” in order to provide a redundant communication path. GE should be consulted if it is
anticipated that the WTG electrical collector circuit design would result in greater than 20 WTGs per fiber optic
loop (see further details below).
Single mode fiber is used for all links between the different systems throughout the site.
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Site LAN Design
WTG SCADA PC WTG SCADA PC WTG SCADA PC WTG SCADA PC
RJ-45 Copper RJ-45 Copper RJ-45 Copper RJ-45 Copper
Network Fiber Network Fiber Network Fiber Network Fiber

Optic Switch Optic Switch Optic Switch Optic Switch
Patch Panel Patch Panel Patch Panel

WTG #1 WTG #2 WTG #3 Patch Panel
WTG #4
4 fibers of one 12 fiber cable
Substation Fiber Optic Patch Panel Network Switch

RJ-45 Copper
RT Viewer SCADA Cabinet

Network Fiber Optic Switch
PC Local
RJ-45 Copper
RJ-45 Copper Network Switch
WindCONTROL
Substation / O&M Building
Optical Fiber Guidelines
Single mode E9/125µm fiber optic cables are used. No repeaters are required for distances up to 20
km (12.4 miles) with no intermediate splices. Single mode will support a distance up to 70 km (43
miles) with special receivers.
SC Connectors are used
Wind Plant Network Fiber Loops
GE's standard network switch configuration at the SCADA Master cabinet supports up to 8 independent fiber
optic loops of up to 20 WTG's per loop. Up to 8 additional network loops (total 16 switches) can be added as an
option. If there are more than the standard 8 switches, all switches are typically mounted in an additional
cabinet. This additional cabinet has approximately the same footprint as the SCADA cabinet but is half height
of full cabinet.
In some situations and after full system design review by GE, up to 24 WTG's can be accommodated on a
single fiber optic loop.
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Customer Use of Wind plant LAN
GE recommends installing fiber optic cable that has 12 strands, the GE SCADA system uses 4 strands, and as a
minimum 2 more strands are reserved for GE network spares. Total minimum strands of fiber that GE requires
is 6-strands. The GE supplied fiber optic patch panel can accommodate up to 54-strands of fiber.
Standard GE engineering practice is to reserve the use of the 6 strands utilized for the GE SCADA network
exclusively for GE’s use. This assures the integrity of the GE SCADA LAN. The Customer can utilize some of the
remaining 6 strands for their own device use if desired with Customer assuming all responsibility for fiber
switches, connections, power connection, etc.
13.3 SCADA Master Location

The rack-mounted hardware for WindSCADA Standard and WindSCADA Plus systems is typically located in the
substation controls room or in an adjacent O&M building. This equipment is rated to operate from +10C to
+35C and should be located in an enviromentally controlled location. Recommended environmental
temperature is +18°C.
13.4 SCADA Cabinet Dimensions / Field Connections
Customers should confirm that their substation control room door

design (and area where SCADA cabinet will be installed) will be
sufficient to allow the SCADA cabinet to pass through.
Caution!
Typical SCADA cabinet dimensions are:
Europe / 50 Hz market: 2100 x 810 x 1005 mm (HxWxD). Removeable lifting lugs add 100 mm to
height. Total height includes a removeable 100 mm plinth.
Americas / 60 Hz cabinets 68.6 x 39.691 x 24 in (173.5 x 101.5.x 59.7 cm)
Cable entry can be through either the top or bottom of cabinet. 48 inches / 1.2 meters should be allowed in
front and back of the cabinet for the doors to open. The cabinet has front and rear doors plus the side panels
are removeable so either side access or rear access is required in addition to the front access. The only field
connections typically required are the fiber optic wind plant LAN cable, copper Ethernet to WindCONTROL if
supplied, external network connections and mains power.
Typically a NEMA 1 rated cabinet is supplied. NEMA 1 enclosures are constructed for indoor use to provide a
degree of protection to personnel against incidental contact with the enclosed equipment and to provide a
degree of protection against falling dirt.
GE Power & Water
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Typical Layout of the GE SCADA Rack
13.5 SCADA Cabinet Power Requirements

Power requirements are typically
Europe and 50 Hz Market: one circuit 230 VAC / 50 Hz / 16 Amp or

60 Hz Market Region: Two circiuts of 120 VAC / 60 Hz / 30 Amp
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13.6 Interface to Substation Equipment Signals

Typically the wind plant SCADA system does not have any physical interface or user displays related to
substation meters, protection, breaker position, etc. This capability can be quoted as an option upon more
detailed definition of exact site requirements.
Note: if the wind plant is equipped with the optional WindCONTROL, there will be a limited number of user
interface screens provided to support the WindCONTROL and these screens include display of wind plant MW
power, voltage, current and reactive power as measured by the WindCONTROL at the substation. “GE’s
WindCONTROL Functional Description and Application Guide” for further details.
Interface of Wind Plant SCADA Data to Off-take Utility
Typically the wind plant SCADA system does not provide a physical signals interface or software interface to
the off-take utility's SCADA or Control Center but there may be methods of doing this if the requirements are
defined to GE. The WindCONTROL system does have some discrete I/O interface capability.
Refer to “GE’s WindCONTROL Functional Description and Application Guide” for further details on hardware
interfaces supported by the WindCONTROL. The WindSCADA OPC Server application supports providing
WindCONTROL operational data and limited control through this software interface.
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13.7 Remote Connectivity / Access

Customer Connectivity to Wind plant
The system can be connected by customer into a customer supplied LAN or WAN. The system supports
multiple Network Interface Cards (NICs) to allow remote web browser reporting clients to connect to the
reporting web server. The clients do not need fixed IP addresses or port numbers.
RTViewer
Windfarm Real Time Data External OPC
Software &
Network Server Network
VisuPro O&M
NIC (RTCore Serve) NIC
Software Server
Windfarm External
Customer
Switch Network Customer Server Network
SCADA Cabinet Connection for
NIC NIC
Intergated
Remote RT Viewer,
Keyboard &
Monitor
Terminal OPC CLient, ODBC,
Windfarm External
Network Customer Server Network
Services Terminal Services
NIC NIC
RTViewer on Historical Data

Desktop PC in Windfarm
Server
External ODBC
Substation or Network Network
(SQL Database)
O&M BUilding NIC NIC
with Web Server
Copper
Ethernet
Fiber Optic to Copper Network

Switch Site Network
External Network
Fiber
Wind Plant Fiber

Optic Network
OPC Connection
GE will typically configure into the system a supplemental NIC (Network Interface Card) for the customer OPC
connection. The supplemental NIC card will have a unique IP addess, isolating the customer’s OPC client PC
from the GE wind plant network. Typically many customers will install their OPC Clinet onto the Customer
Server hardware.
Connectivity to Wind Plant for GE Monitoring and Control
For North & South America locations, GE monitors the wind plant through a customer supplied T1 line.1. The
Customer is responsible for providing and maintaining a dedicated terrestial T1-grade bandwidth (1.54 Mbps)
data network connection to the wind plant.
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For further details refere to GE document "11.2_Network Connectivity Requirements.ENxx.00.pdf".
For all other market regions (Europe, Middle East, Africa, India, Japan), GE monitors the wind plant through
customer supplied analog or ISDN telephone line. Minimum requirements are two standard analog telephone
line of good quality and supporting sustained >40 KBPS for connection to the GE Remote Control Center. If
customer wants access it is recommended to have an additional line. ISDN is an optimal solution.
Please consult with GE if these land line requirements can not be met so that alternative solutions may be
jointly evaluated.
Connectivity for GE RM&D by Europe Center When No Land Line Available
The following note is presently applicable only to wind plant

locations that are monitored by the GE RM&D Center located in
Salzbergen, Germany and that would typically use an analog or
ISDN telephone line for outgoing and incoming calls to the wind
plant.
In wind plant locations where a standard telephone line is not available and the Customer intends to provide
the required GE Connectivity via a satellite connection, the following scheme can be supported.
Outgoing SCADA alarm messages from the wind plant are sent from the wind plant SCADA system to the GE
RM&D Center (Salzbergen) via a GSM cellular modem. GE offers the GSM modem and antenna as a standard
option. Suitable quality signal coverage for the GSM connection is required and Customer must provide a GSM
account and SIM card.
Inbound calls from the GE RM&D Center will be routed via the Customer’s satellite network. Customer will
provide at their office a call-in modem. The call from the GE RM&D Center to the wind plant would be routed to
this modem in the Customer’s office, then via the Customer supplied Satellite network to the wind plant.
Also remote connection via internet lines with VPN Network are possible, and can be discussed with GE for
project specific network secury.
Web Viewers
The WindSCADA reporting system is web-based. The reports web server is located in the WindSCADA Historical
database computer. Report viewer clients use a web browser to interface with the server and generate reports.
Given the full support of the http protocol in corporate WANs, a PC virtually anywhere on the WAN should be
able to access the report server.
Customers can take advantage of the GE system’s comprehensive OPC Server capability to integrate the GE
SCADA system to a customer supplied third party web server but careful customer consideration and
evaluation should be given to issues related to system security, user authentication and user authorization
related to web servers.
GE Power & Water
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13.8 Third Party Computer and Applications on SCADA Servers/LAN

For maintaining integrity of the SCADA system, it is standard GE Engineering policy to not approve use of any
unauthorized software applications and hardware on the SCADA system components (e.g., servers, PC, SCADA
network). Use of non-approved software applications or hardware could result in the disruption of the SCADA
system function and potential disruption of wind plant operation. There is no recommended restrictions for
Customers to install their software on the Customer Server.
GE Power & Water
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13.9 OPC Server Application Notes

The system has the capability to support multiple OPC clients, with five concurrent OPC connections being
readily supported. All data points from the RTCore to the OPC Server are updated at a refresh rate of once per
second.
Note: Typically all available real time data points in the RTCore real time database are mapped across to the
OPC Server. It should be noted though that some of the points listed in the OPC namespace document may not
be available in a particular WTG, or met mast. For example certain sensors may not be installed in a particular
WTG or met mast, but the system database is configured for these points.
Each OPC Item has a Data Quality property; GOOD (the value of the item is OK) or BAD (the value of the item in
not OK). Commands also support a state of BAD – Not Connected (it is not allowed to subscribe to this item).
There are a number of reasons that could cause a bad data quality property. These include; data source giving
bad quality data, the WTG, Met mast or WindControl is offline, the wind park network is down or the OPC Server
has a timeout.
With WindSCADA Release 2008b, the OPC Server also supports OPC Server Tunneller functionality. This
technology provides an easy, reliable and secure way to communicate between networked computers and
does away with the possible problems associated with DCOM configuration.
GE will typically provide the customer an OPC Database Report at time of project commissioning. This report
will give all the available OPC data points with description and scaling. It is customer responsibility for
commissioning, system integration and implementation of their OPC Client.
Listed below is a small sample of the real-time data that is available through the system’s OPC Server interface.
Sample OPC Data Available Through OPC Server
WTG Met mast (Optional) WindCONTROL (Optional)

Current per Phase Air Temperature Substation Current per Phase
Voltage per Phase Air Pressure Substation Voltage per Phase
Generator Speed Wind Speed Sensor #1 Substation Power
Actual / Reactive Power Wind Speed Sensor #2 Substation Reactive Power
Consumption (kWh) Wind Vane Direction Power Command
External Stop Time Humidity System OK (Event)
Manual Stop (Event) Grid Voltage Lost (Event)
Gearbox Oil Level Low (Event) Park Active Power Limited (Event)
Idling (mode)
System OK (mode)
Emergency Stop Button (I/O)
Rotor Brake On (I/O)
The user documentation that GE provides is intended to be used by technical experts. GE can provide technical
consulting services to assist the customer with integration of their system with the GE system.
For a complete listing and further definitions, please consult GE document “WindSCADA OPC Namespace”
available from GE.
GE Power & Water
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13.10 ODBC Application Notes

GE provides customer access to the relevant tables in the system’s SQL historical database through Open
Database Connectivity (ODBC). ODBC is an Application Programming Interface (API) that allows a programmer
to easily extract data from a database. There are numerous third party ODBC interface tools, including free
distribution solutions from Microsoft that provide database connectivity.
GE provides documentation that assists the customer in connecting to the GE historical SQL Server via ODBC.
The customer will get a special SQL Server account that is Read Only. This customer account will have access
to the following five views and is configured to use the same language that the SQL Server is configured to:
10 min average data

10 min statistical data
Error data
Control commands
Park configuration
The user documentation that GE provides is for technical experts. GE can provide technical consulting services
to assist the customer with integration of their system with the GE system.
Please refer to GE document “ODBC Data Interface and Installation”.
13.11 Customer SMS Alarm Requirements

If GSM -SMS alarm notification is to be implemented there are certain customer requirements. GE will include
the GSM modem subsystem in its scope of supply, The modem willl be connected to the SCADA Server inside
the substation/control building. The GSM modem subsystem includes a 3dB antenna, power supply and data
cable.
Customer should assure there is suitable signal coverage at the site for the system to operate reliably. The
customer is required to provide the required SIM card with GSM Data Service enabled which should be
configured without PIN check. The customer is also responsible for wiring from the SCADA cabinet to the
antenna and installation of the antenna in a suitable location for cellular signal coverage.
13.12 Customer GPS Time Server Requirements

If the GPS time synchronization server is to be installed there are certain customer requirements. GE will
include the time sync server, cabling and antenna in its scope of supply, The customer is responsible for wiring
from the SCADA cabinet to the GPS Satellite antenna and installation of the antenna in a suitable location
outside the substation or control room. The antenna needs a free and clear view to the GPS satellites
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13.13 Aviation Warning Lights

The WindSCADA system supports the monitoring of aviation warning lights. Not all types of customer supplied
lights may be supported, please check with your supplier if non-GE supplied lights will be used to confirm that
your lights are capable of supporting the required interface to the GE SCADA System.
The GE system supports 24 VDC voltage-free digital inputs in the nacelle for connection to an aviation warning
light controller. The warning light software in the WTG controller is configured at time of WTG commissioning
by the Commissioning Engineer.
Digital Input #1 (DI11.22) Twilight switch Signal noramll high at night

Digital Input #2 (DI11.23) Signal from Light #1 Normally high with 30 second delay. Is signal indicating
that spare lamps are okay when DI11.22 high
Digital Input #3 (DI11.24) Signal from Light #2 Normally high with 30 second delay. Is signal indicating
that main lamps are okay when DI11.22 high
Digital Input #4 (DI11.25) Signal from Light #3 Normally High, Signal goes low when the Aviation Light
Controller swithces from main lamps to spare lamps
Error Message 152 in case of a failure of 24V-supply or fault/failure signal of
Light Controller device within 30 sec (DI11.23 / DI11.24 =
0).
monitoring twilight switch : if between 0 AM and 1 AM
DI11.22 = 0 for 30 sec
Error Message 216 obstruction light switch if DI11.25 = 0 for 30 sec with activated twilight switch
over to auxiliary lamps (DI11.22 =1), then FM216, main lamps are defective, but
obstruction light is still on with auxiliary lamps
The Error Message 152 and 216 are viewable by the Customer in the WTG Status screen and it is also possible
in sme systems to map these error messages to the Alarm Manager.
13.14 System Capacity

Maximum Number of WTGs Supported 500
Points per Turbine (Real Time SCADA) Typical 600, maximum 750
Points per Turbine (Historical) Typical 120, maximum 150
GE Power & Water
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14 Appendix
14.1 Averaging of Data
Averaging of linear data utilizes a simple arithmetic mean calculation, which is sum of all values divided by the
number of values. Typically 10 minutes of 1-second sampled data divided by 600. The time stamp for the 10-
min average value is the time stamp of the latest entry in the calculation.
Average for directional (azimuth) data derives from standard circular statistic methods as follows:
 n 
  sin( i ) 
  arctan  in1 
 
  cos( i ) 
 i 1 
where  = 0, 180 or 360 depending on sign of numerator and denominator
Average for CosPhi
1. All values are modify by the formula

y  abs( x) / x * arccos( abs( x))
2. Return values to right form

x CosPhi  abs( x QAntei ) / x QAntei * cos x QAntei 
xCosPhiMin  abs( xQAnteiMin ) / xQAnteiMin * cosxQAnteiMin 
xCosPhiMax  abs( xQAnteilMax ) / xQAnteilMax * cosxQAnteilMax 
14.2 Definition of Unproduced Power and Energy

There are instances where the grid does not want all of the power that the wind plant can deliver, this
condition is referred to as curtailment. The WindCONTROL (WFMS) system in a GE wind plant manages
curtailment, taking references from the grid and distributing them to the individual wind turbines. The
Unproduced Energy Report is designed to provide data to indicate the power production lost due to the
windfarm operation in a curtailed state.
The Unproduced Power estimate is calculated from the turbines internal estimate of the amount the turbine
could produce based on the anemometer wind speed measurement located on top of the turbine nacelle.
The turbine control uses a filtered average of the wind speed and matches up the wind speed with the turbines
power curve to estimate the power that could be produced. This possible power calculation is sent to the
WindCONTROL and the sum of all communicating WTG’s possible is computed in the WindCONTROL. The
possible power computed for the Wind plant includes some compensation for the losses that are present in
collector system. The Unproduced Power is the difference between the possible power (minus losses) of the
WTG’s minus the actual measured power of the Wind plant.
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This counter value is an estimate of the Unproduced Energy and is not meant to be used for revenue reporting
purposes. This counter is only provided as a convenience for monitoring and general trending purposes. The
accuracy of the Power System Meter is specified at 2%. The nacelle wind speed measurement is affected by
turbulence and other measurement inaccuracies. The turbines power curve may also not be calibrated based
on air density, temperature, etc.
14.3 Power Curve Correction Factors

The effectiveness of wind speed to generate power in a wind turbine is tied to variables beyond its speed.
These variables include Temperature, Pressure and Density. The power curve report has an option to factor
these variables into the “effective” wind speed with a compensation factor.
For a power curve report, the following configuration paramters can be entered:
Wind source: use data from one of the sites metmasts or the WTG nacelle anemometer
Use Calculated Wind Speed (Yes/No): if selected an algorithm creates a wind compensation factor
based upon measured site air pressure, air temperature and air density
Site Air Density Correction Factor: Air density is a function of air pressure and temperature. Published
power curves normally use the following standard conditions:
o Air temperature of 15 deg Celsius
o Air pressure of 760 mm Hg or 1013.25 mb,
o Air density of 1.225 kg/m3 (in SI units)
This variable is used in the wind compensation factor calculation (refer to 2.3
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14.4 Wind Reporting System Data Type Definitions

All the reports are generated from the historical database of the SCADA system. The data in that database
come from several different sources. This chapter defines these different sources and provides samples of the
data. The actual set of data points available to the reporting services depends upon each project.
14.4.1 Operational Data Points

Each system (wind turbine, substation controller, WFMS, and Metmast) has a set of operational data points that
are logged as 10-minute averages. The WindSCADA data agent polls each wind turbine obtaining this data
once every 10 minutes. The actual data at a specific site is dependent upon the configuration of the equipment
as displayed in the following table.
Wind Turbine 10-minute Averaged Operational Data Points (1.x and 2.x series)
Operational Data Data Point Operational Data

Ch Point Name Units Ch Point Data Point Name Units
01 Power P_ACT kW 36 Gearbox temperature T_GEAR deg C
02 Tower deflection TD ms 37 Air temperature T_AMB deg C
03 Power factor PF Deg 38 Nacelle temperature T_NAC deg C
04 Reactive power Q kVAR 39 Gen cooling air temp T_GEN_COOL deg C
05 Voltage L1-N U_A_N V 40 Gearbox bearing temp T_GEAR_BEAR deg C
06 Voltage L2-N U_B_N V 41 Shaft Bearing Temp T_BEAR_SHAFT deg C
07 Voltage L3-N U_C_N V 42 Hi speed running num TSR
08 Current L1 I_A A 43 Reserve 1
09 Current L2 I_B A 44 Reserve 2
10 Current L3 I_C A 45 Circuit breaker cut-Ins CBCI
11 Generator speed N_GEN_CCU Rpm 46 Tower acceleration A_TOWER mm/s2
12 Rotor speed N_ROT_PLC Rpm 47 Drive train Accel A_DT mm/s2
13 Blade 1 actual Value BL1_ACT Deg 48 Gearbox brng B temp T_GEAR_BEAR_B deg C
14 Wind speed V_WIN m/s 49 T-transformer 1 T_TRAFO1
15 Nacelle position POS_NAC Deg 50 T-transformer 2 T_TRAFO2
16 Nacelle revolution REV_NAC Revs 51 T-transformer 3 T_TRAFO3
17 Generator speed (PLC) N_GEN_PLC Rpm 52 Reserve 3
18 Wind deviation 1 WIND_DEV_1 Deg 53 Reserve 4
second SEC
19 Blade 2 actual value BL2_ACT Deg 54 Ext oil heater temp T_ExtOilHeat deg C
20 Blade 3 actual value BL3_ACT Deg 55 Ext oil heater vacuum VacExtOilHeat mbar
21 Blade 1 set value BL1_SET_V Deg 56 Hydraulic pressure HYD_PRES bar
22 Blade 2 set value BL2_SET_V Deg 57 Scope channel 1 SCOPE1
23 Blade 3 set value BL3_SET_V Deg 58 Scope channel 2 SCOPE2
24 Power factor set PF_SET_V Deg 59 Scope channel 3 SCOPE3
value
25 N-set 1 N_SET1 Rpm 60 Scope channel 4 SCOPE4
26 N-set 2 N_SET2 Rpm 61 DI1 Main
27 Torque, actual value M_ACT % 62 Reserve 8
28 Torque set value M_SET % 63 DI2 Top
29 Operating state OS 64 DI2 Top
30 Nacelle picture STATE_FAULT 65 Reserve 9
31 Wind deviation 10 WIND_DEV_1 Deg 66 Reserve 10
seconds 0SEC
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Operational Data Data Point Operational Data

Ch Point Name Units Ch Point Data Point Name Units
32 Generator 1 T_GEN_1 deg C 67 DO1 Main
temperature
33 Generator 2 T_GEN_2 deg C 68 Reserve 11
temperature
34 Bearing A T_BEAR_A deg C 69 DO1 Top
temperature
35 Bearing B T_BEAR_B deg C 70 Reserve 12
temperature
Met mast 10-minute Averaged Operational Data Points
Operational Data point Data point Name Units

Wind speed V_WIN m/s
Wind direction WIN_DIR Deg
Temperature T_AMB Deg C
Air pressure AIR_PRESS mbar
Substation Controller 10-minute Averaged Operational Data Points
Operational Data Point Units Operational Data Point Units

Park MW MW 138 kV Bus 3 Phase A-n V V
Park MVAR MVAR 138 kV Bus 3 phase B-n V V
Park power factor (+/1 %) Deg 138 kV Bus 3 phase C-n V V
138 kV bus 1 phase A-n V V 138 kV bus 3 phase A amp A
138 kV bus 1 phase B-n V V 138 kV bus 3 phase B amp A
138 kV bus 1 phase C-n V V 138 kV bus 3 phase C amp A
138 kV bus 1 phase A amp A 138 kV bus 3 MW MW
138 kV bus 1 phase B amp A 138 kV bus 3 MVAR MVAR
138 kV bus 1 phase C amp A 34.5 kV T1 phase A-n V V
138 kV bus 1 MW MW 34.5 kV T1 phase B-n V V
138 kV bus 1 MVAR MVAR 34.5 kV T1 phase C-n V V
138 kV bus 2 phase A-n V V 34.5 kV T1 phase A amp A
138 kV bus 2 phase B-n V V 34.5 kV T1 phase B amp A
138 kV bus 2 phase C-n V V 34.5 kV T1 phase C amp A
138 kV bus 2 phase A amp A 34.5 kV T2 phase A-n V V
138 kV bus 2 phase B amp A 34.5 kV T2 phase B-n V V
138 kV bus 2 phase C amp A 34.5 kV T2 phase C-n V V
138 kV bus 2 MW MW 34.5 kV T2 phase A amp A
138 kV bus 2 MVAR MVAR 34.5 kV T2 phase B amp A
34.5 kV T2 phase A-n V V 34.5 kV T2 phase C amp A
34.5 kV T2 phase B-n V V 34.5 kV circuit 3 phase A amp A
34.5 kV T2 phase C-n V V 34.5 kV circuit 3 phase B amp A
34.5 kV T2 phase A amp A 34.5 kV circuit 3 phase C amp A
34.5 kV T2 phase B amp A 34.5 kV circuit 4 phase A amp A
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
Operational Data Point Units Operational Data Point Units

34.5 kV T2 phase C amp A 34.5 kV circuit 4 phase B amp A
34.5 kV circuit 1 phase A amp A 34.5 kV circuit 4 phase C amp A
34.5 kV circuit 1 phase B amp A 34.5 kV circuit 5 phase A amp A
34.5 kV circuit 1 phase C amp A 34.5 kV circuit 5 phase B amp A
34.5 kV circuit 2 phase A amp A 34.5 kV circuit 5 phase C amp A
34.5 kV circuit 2 phase B amp A 34.5 kV circuit BT phase A amp A
34.5 kV circuit 2 phase C amp A 34.5 kV circuit BT phase B amp A
34.5 kV circuit BT phase C amp A
WindCONTROL (WFMS) 10-minute Averaged Operational Data Points
Data Point Data Point Name

Operational Data Point Name Units Operational Data Point Units
Actual reactive power of the
Power P_ACT Q_TURBINES kVAR
turbines
Voltage A_N U_A_N V Confirm Phi demand COSPHI_DMD_AI Deg
Voltage B_N U_B_N V Confirm demand power P_DMD_AI kW
Voltage C_N U_C_N V Demand power from VisuPro P_DMD_SCADA kW
Current phase A I_A A Actual apparent power S_ACTUAL kVA
Current phase B I_B A Actual wind direction 0-359o WIND_DIR Deg
Maximum reactive negative park
Current phase C I_C A Q_MAX_NEG kVAR
power
Maximum reactive positive park
Wind speed V_WIN m/s Q_MAX_POS kVAR
power
Number of turbines connected
Line frequency FREQ Hz N_CONN -
and communicating
Number of turbines online and
Demand power P_DMD kW N_ONLIINE -
running
Actual power set point P_DMD_SRL kW Compensated voltage U_COMP V
P_MAX_FAR
Maximum power of the park kW Compensated Phi PHI_COMP Deg
M
P_POS_PAR
Actual possible park power kW Average line-to-line voltage U_LINELINE V
K
Actual power – actual
P_DIFF kW Voltage demand all U_DMD_AI V
turbines power
P_WTGS_SE
Power command kW Diagnostic channel 1 DIAG_1 -
T
Actual power of the turbines P_TURBINES kW Diagnostic channel 2 DIAG_2 -
Actual Phi PHI_ACTUAL Deg Diagnostic channel 3 DIAG_3 -
Demand Phi PHI_DMD Deg Diagnostic channel 4 DIAG_4 -
Phi command PHI_CMD Deg Total reactive power command Q_TOTAL kVAR
Actual reactive power Q_ACTUAL kVAR Reactive power shunt Q_SHUNT kVAR
Demand reactive power Q_DMD kVAR Line drop voltage U_LINEDROP V
Reactive power command Q_CMD kVAR Reference voltage U_REF V
Average voltage (L-N) U_L_N V Phi demand SRL PHI_DMD_SRL Deg
Average current I A Apparent power demand S_DMD kVA
Q (Actual) – Q (Turbines
Q_DIFF kVAR
actual)
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
14.4.2 Wind Turbine Performance Data

The database also consists of a set of counters related to wind turbine operation. These counters are time-
stamped every 10 minutes (refer to following table) and are usually monotonically increasing.
Time stamped Data Points
WTG Performance
Data Point Units Signal Name Description
Counter tied to the multi-function relay mounted in base of tower
Production kW h PROD
for energy produced by wind turbine
Counter tied to the multi-function relay mounted in base of tower
Consumption kW h CON
for energy consumed by wind turbine
Production energy Utility grade energy counter for energy produced by wind turbine,
kW h PROD_EC
meter optional equipment
Consumption Utility grade energy counter for energy consumed by wind
kW h CON_EC
energy meter turbine, optional equipment
Production reactive
kVARh Q_CAP_EC Utility grade reactive energy production energy counter
energy
Consumption
kVARh Q_IND_EC Utility grade reactive energy consumption energy counter
reactive energy
Grid operating time Seconds OT Operational counter for wind turbine
Turbine OK Seconds SOT Turbine OK counter for wind turbine
Downtime Seconds DT Downtime counter for wind turbine
Grid outage Seconds LOT Grid downtime counter for wind turbine
Weather outage Seconds WOT Weather downtime counter for wind turbine
External stop time Seconds EST External stop period counter for wind turbine
Service time Seconds MT Maintenance downtime counter for wind turbine
Repair time Seconds RT Repair downtime counter for wind turbine
Customer stop time Seconds CST Customer stop time counter for wind turbine
External stop power External stop time counter for wind turbine, increments once per
Seconds EST
time second. This is controlled from a PLC discrete input.
Q_CAP kVARh Q_CAP Reactive energy production energy counter
Q_IND kVARh Q_IND Reactive energy consumption energy counter
Wind direction curtailment based on position of wind turbine in
Wind direction stop Seconds WDCT
line-up and current wind direction
Internal curtailment Curtailment timer due to a problem internal to the wind turbine,
Seconds INT_CT
time increments once per second
Internal curtailment Average set point (typically tied to thermal issue) from internal
kW INT_CSP
set point average curtailment function over the ten minute period
WindCONTROL WindCONTROL_ Unproduced energy counter based on commands from
Seconds
curtailment time CT WindCONTROL, increments once per second
WindCONTROL
WindCONTROL_ Ten minute average set point provided to WTG from
curtailment set kW
CSP WindCONTROL
point average
Total amount of seconds when WindCONTROL is running. The
Runtime Seconds BECTT
counting starts when the BEC and control logic power up.
Total amount of seconds when WindCONTROL is running in
Curtail time Seconds TCT active-power curtailment mode. The counting pauses when
message 19 is active.
Number of
CUR_NO Total number of times that curtailment mode has been entered.
curtailments
Number of
NO_BANK_1 Number of times bank 1 has been switched on or off.
switching banks 1
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
WTG Performance
Data Point Units Signal Name Description
Number of
switching banks 2
Number of
switching banks 3
Number of
switching banks 4
Sum of site active power each second when active power
Total positive energy kW h PROD
is > 0.
Total negative kW h CON Sum of site active power each second when active power
energy is < 0.
Total positive kVARh Q_CAP Sum of site active power each second when reactive power
reactive energy is > 0.
Total negative kVARh Q_IND Sum of site active power each second when reactive power
reactive energy is < 0.
Total positive energy kW h PROD_CUR
in curtailment mode
Total negative kW h CON_CUR
energy in
curtailment mode
Total positive kVARh Q_CAP_CUR
reactive energy in
curtailment mode
Total negative kVARh Q_IND_CUR
reactive energy in
curtailment mode
Total positive active kW h PROD_CUR_POS
energy in
curtailment mode
Total negative kW h CON_CUR_POSS
active energy in
curtailment mode
Unproduced active kW h NON_PROD
energy
A set of performance metrics derived from these data points are defined in the following table and used in
several reports.
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
Performance Metrics
Performance
Metric Units Description
Capacity factor for Ratio Ratio of actual energy produced to the rated energy production for the WTG.
WTG WTG Production for Time Period (MWh)
WTG Power Rating (MW) * Time Period (hr)
Expected energy MWh Expected energy for each 10-minute period is calculated from reference power curve
using the average wind speed for that period. The formula is given below. The total
expected energy for a given time interval is the summation of expected energy over
each of 10-minute periods in that interval.
Performance ratio Ratio Ratio of delivered energy produced to expected energy production.
WTG Production for Time Period (MWh)
Expected Energy Production (MWh)
Standard reliability % DT + RT
Standard Reliability (%) = 1 - x 100%
until last month ST
ST = SOT + DT + LOT + WOT + EST + EECT + MT + RT + CST
Data point Description
ST Survey time
counter
EECT External
curtailment time
counter
Standard % Standard Availability (%) = 1-
DT + RT + MT
x 100%
availability until last ST
month ST = SOT + DT + LOT + WOT + EST + EECT + MT + RT + CST

Data point Description
ST Survey time counter
EECT External curtailment
time counter
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
14.4.3 System Status Messages and Statistical Counters

Many of the reports use the following statistical timers maintained in the control system:
Wind Turbine Statistical Timers
Down time
Line out time
Weather out time
External stop time
Maintenance time
Repair time
Customer stop time
System OK time
Online time
External energy curtailment time
Wind direction curtailment time
The action of these counters is impacted by operational status messages that occur in the wind turbine. The
following table shows an example of the relationship between the status message and statistical counters of
the 1.5 MW turbine (non-Mark Vle). The status messages are dependable of a specific controller software
version, therefore check for the latest Technical Description document for the Status Message of the Controller
Software.
# Status Message Definition Impact on Operation GEWE 1.5 MW (non-Mark Vle) Turbine State
1 Program start PLC Trip System ok time
2 No errors None System ok time
3 Manual stop Trip System ok time
4 Remote stop Trip System ok time
5 Remote start System ok time
6 System ok System ok time
7 Storm shutdown Trip System ok time
8 Over voltage Trip System ok time
9 Under voltage Trip System ok time
10 Under frequency Unused
11 Over frequency Unused
12 Phase angle error Unused
13 Asymmetric generator current Trip Down time
14 Generator over-speed Trip Down time
15 Rotor over-speed Trip Down time
16 Speed detector at the rotor side Trip Down time
17 Centrifugal switch Trip Down time
18 Overproduction Unused
19 Maximum motor power Trip Down time
20 Cable twisted, right System ok time
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
21 Cable twisted, left System ok time
22 Yaw drive stop position Trip Down time
23 Excessive output peak value Trip Down time
24 Primary braking time too high Trip Down time
25 No red. of speed when braking with Trip Down time
primary brake
26 Rotor blade vibration at high wind Unused
speed
27 Secondary braking time too high Trip Down time
28 No speed reduction with secondary Trip Down time
braking
29 Receiver pressure prim.-sec- yaw Unused
operation
30 Speed is too high when changing Unused
into low pos.
31 Time out yaw counter Trip Down time
32 No pressure constitution primary Unused
brake
33 Brake not free primary brake Unused
34 Brake not released secondary brake Trip Down time
35 Emergency stop tower base / Trip Down time
container
36 Speed with braked turbine Trip Down time
37 Primary brake test Trip Unused
38 Secondary brake test Trip Down time
39 TO when switching high > low stage Unused
by thyristor
40 TO when changing high > low Unused
position with brake
41 Vibrations detector defect Trip Down time
42 Wrong yaw direction of rotation Trip Down time
43 Hydraulic filter polluted (switch off) Trip Down time
44 Hydraulic filter polluted (warning) System ok time
45 Hydraulic pump time too high Trip Down time
46 Hydraulic pump time too low Trip Down time
47 Service switch hydraulic top cabinet Trip System ok time
48 Hydraulic oil level too low Trip Down time
49 Network defect (PLC input) Unused
50 Safety switch of the oil coupler plug Unused
has released
51 Gearbox oil level too low Trip Down time
52 Gearbox oil pressure too low Trip Down time
53 Wind vane defect Trip Down time
54 Anemometer defect Trip Down time
55 Rotor pulse sensor defect Trip Down time
56 General pulse sensor defect Trip Down time
57 Ratio generator-/rotor speed Trip Down time
58 Demand to stop by an external Trip System ok time
device
59 Vibration switch Trip Down time
60 Yaw limit switch activated Trip Down time
61 Buffer battery PLC Trip Down time
62 PLC fault collection Trip Down time
63 Safety chain Trip Down time
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
64 Motor protection Trip Down time
65 Main switch released Trip Down time
66 Reply generator high stage Unused
67 Reply generator low stage Unused
68 Reply by-pass Unused
69 Thyristor control collective fault Unused
message
70 Maximum thyristor period Unused
71 Gearbox oil filter dirty (shutdown) Trip Down time
72 Gearbox oil temperature switching Trip Down time
contact
73 Generator over temperature 1 (high Unused
level)
74 Generator over temperature 2 (low Unused
level)
75 Generator bearing A over Trip Down time
temperature
76 Generator bearing B over Trip Down time
temperature
77 gearbox oil over temperature Trip Down time
78 Outside temperature too low Trip System ok time
79 Forced switching over Unused
80 Gearbox bearing over temperature Unused
81 Shaft bearing over temperature Unused
82 Yaw motor over temperature Trip Down time
83 Gearbox bearing B over temperature Trip Down time
84 Gearbox oil temperature too low Trip System ok time
85 Braking pad of primary brake worn Unused
out
86 Braking pad of secondary brake Trip Down time
worn out
87 Restart time delay System ok time
88 Multiple over temperature switch off Trip Down time
89 Gearbox oil filter dirty (warning) System ok time
90 Deaeration Unused
91 Gearbox running hot in low Unused
generator stage
92 Forced switching over temperature Unused
93 Rotor blade vibration test Unused
94 Control call System ok time
95 Computer restart System ok time
96 Slip ring device over temperature Unused
97 Generator cooling air over Trip Down time
temperature
98 Gearbox bearing over temperature Trip Down time
99 Generator over temperature 1 Trip Down time
100 Generator over temperature 2 Trip Down time
101 Motor protection fuses Trip Down time
102 Motor protection top cabinet Trip Down time
103 Generator over temperature relay Trip Down time
contact
104 Interference FC generator ventilator Unused
105 Rotor CCU fault voltage Trip Down time
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
106 Rotor CCU fault current Trip Down time
107 Rotor CCU fault temperature Trip Down time
108 Rotor locking Trip System ok time
109 Generator carbon dust filter dirty System ok time
110 Speed in the tower resonance range System ok time
111 No pressure build-up secondary Trip Down time
brake
112 Feedback signal from CCU Trip Down time
113 Line CCU fault voltage Trip Down time
114 Line CCU fault current Trip Down time
115 Line CCU fault temperature Trip Down time
116 Line fault voltage Trip System ok time
117 Line fault frequency Trip System ok time
118 Emergency stop nacelle / hub Trip Down time
119 Timeout pitch controller Trip Down time
120 Communication fault pitch controller Trip Down time
121 Axle 1 fault pitch controller Trip Down time
122 Collective fault pitch controller Trip Down time
123 Gearbox cooler switching contact Trip Down time
124 Pitch Overrun 0° Trip Down time
125 Pitch Overrun 90° Trip Down time
126 Yaw soft start fault Trip Unused
127 Generator power switch System ok time
128 Switch of the PLC on the memory- Trip Down time
reset
129 Generator speed not plausible Trip Down time
130 Braking time rotor blade 1 too high Trip Down time
133 Battery charging rotor blade drive Trip Down time
134 Battery charging voltage not ok Trip Down time
135 Battery test Trip Down time
136 Limit switch rotor blade 0° defect Trip Down time
137 Limit switch rotor blade 90° defect Trip Down time
138 Temperature warning pitch motor System ok time
139 Over temperature pitch motor Trip Down time
140 Motor protection pitch motor Trip Down time
141 Rotor CCU collective faults Trip Down time
142 Line CCU collective faults Trip Down time
143 Pulse sensor rotor monitor defect Trip Down time
144 Blade angle asymmetry Trip Down time
145 Blade pitch control deviation Trip Down time
146 Turbine stopped due to calm System ok time
147 Load shutdown System ok time
148 Generator fan service switch Trip System ok time
149 Axle 2 fault, pitch controller Trip Down time
150 Axle 3 fault, pitch controller Trip Down time
151 Reply circuit breaker generator brush Trip Down time
152 Obstruction light fault / failure System ok time
153 Generator brushes worn System ok, additional error for downtime
after P8.11will be implemented
154 Generator cooling water Down time
pressure/level not ok
155 Maintenance Trip Maintenance time
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
156 Repair Trip Repair time
157 Brake does not close Trip Down time
158 Response signal pitch device Unused
159 Fault generator fan Unused
160 Speed at positive blade angle Unused
161 Over-voltage protection triggered System ok time
162 Fault battery charge switching System ok time
163 Torque deviation Trip Down time
164 Maintenance switch pitch System ok time
165 Service switch pitch System ok time
166 Normal operation System ok time
167 Voltage limiting activated System ok time
168 Unused Unused
169 Waiting for gearbox oil pressure System ok time
170 Increasing speed with falling blade Trip System ok time
angle Down time (PLC SW Version >= 1x030)
171 Service key brake release System ok time
172 Ice sensor alarm System ok time
173 Low-noise operation System ok time
174 Over temperature transformer System ok time
warning
175 Over temperature transformer Trip Down time
disturbance
176 Drive train vibration Trip Down time
177 Tower vibration Trip Down time
178 External controller activated Trip Unused
179 External controller deactivated Trip Unused
180 Wind deviation System ok time
181 Idling position System ok time
182 Start-up System ok time
183 Load operation System ok time
184 Shut down System ok time
185 Manual operation pitch System ok time
186 Manual operation speed System ok time
187 Manual operation torque System ok time
188 Manual operation line separation System ok time
189 Manual operation yaw System ok time
190 Temperature error container Trip Down time
191 Manual operation generator fan System ok time
192 Wrong parameter check sum Trip Down time
193 Marine obstruction light System ok time
194 By-pass filter soiling System ok time
195 Gearbox pressure loss by-pass filter System ok time
196 Preheating converter cooler failed Trip Down time
197 Over temperature converter cooler Trip Down time
198 Pressure fault converter cooler Trip Down time
199 Fault test converter cooler System ok time
200 Preheating converter cooler active System ok time
201 PLC fault 24 V-power supply Trip Down time
202 PLC module failure Trip Down time
203 Fault temperature measurement Trip Down time
204 FastBus service mode System ok time
205 Over temperature top box Trip Unused
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
206 Gear pressure too high Unused
207 Ground fault LVMD Down time
208 No activity CAN-Bus CCU Trip Down time
209 No activity CAN-Bus MFR13 Trip Down time
210 Unused Unused
211 Brush wear warning (only offshore) System ok time
212 Battery voltage low axis 1 Trip Down time
215 Direction dependent shut-down System ok time
216 Obstruction light switch over to System ok time
auxiliary lamps
217 End of parameter state service System ok time
218 Frequent cutins Down time
System ok time (PLC SW Version >= 1x030)
219 Ice sensor fault System ok time
220 External stop caused by curtailment System ok time
221 External power limitation System ok time
222 Yaw runaway Trip Down time
223 Blade angle not plausible Trip Down time
224 Feedback error circuit breaker Trip Down time
225 Gearbox oil level warning Unused
226 UPS 24 V monitor Unused
227 Pulse initiator standstill sensor defect Unused
228 Temperature warning 2 pitch motor Unused
229 Over temperature 2 pitch motor Unused
230 Motor protection hub Unused
231 Motor protection / fuse main cabinet Unused
232 Motor protection / fuse tower box Unused
233 Motor protection / fuse top box 400 V Unused
234 Motor protection / fuse yaw box Unused
235 Power circuit breaker CCU triggered Unused
236 Power circuit breaker MHVS triggered Unused
237 Generator over temperature 3 Unused
238 Unused Unused
239 Unused Unused
240 Anemometer deviation Unused
241 Wind vane deviation Unused
242 MBL oil preheating active Unused
243 MBL partial load operation Unused
244 MBL oil temperature too high Unused
245 MBL oil level too low Unused
246 MBL oil filter dirty Unused
247 MBL malfunction pump 1 Unused
248 MBL malfunction pump 1 and 2 Unused
249 MBL temperature sensor defect Unused
250 Temperature sensor fault (switching Trip Down time
off)
251 Temperature sensor fault (warning) System ok time
252 Temperature implausible (switching Trip Down time
off)
253 Reference switch 10° blade angle not Unused
plausible
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
254 Over temperature gearbox oil Unused
distributor
255 Gearbox filter dirty mechanical pump Unused
(warning)
256 Gearbox oil pressure mechanical Unused
pump not ok
257 Manual operation MBL Unused
258 Manual operation gearbox Unused
259 Manual operation CCU cooling Unused
260 Wind measuring heating manual Unused
operation
261 Manual operation hydraulic / brake Unused
262 Manual snapshot Unused
263 Manual operation general heating Unused
264 Gearbox vibration Unused
265 Container joint Unused
266 Voltage asymmetry Unused
267 Base frame vibration Unused
268 Malfunction energy counter System ok time
269 PLC reboot System ok time
270 Fire alarm Trip Unused
271 Battery charging after battery test System ok time
272 Shadow related shutdown System ok time
273 Too long manual / service operation System ok time
274 Pitch thyristor 1 fault Trip System ok time
277 Power limitation due to high System ok time
temperature
278 Shut-down low voltage Trip System ok time
279 Low voltage ride through System ok time
280 Pre-pressure error, active brake Trip System ok time
281 Pre-pressure warning, active brake System ok time
282 Test pre-pressure active brake System ok time
283 Malfunction external oil heater System ok time
284 Excess temperature external oil System ok time
heater
285 Timeout CAN communication to hub System ok time
286 Crow bar triggered CCU System ok time
287 Power limitation CCU System ok time
288 Response signal interrupt battery Trip System ok time
driven pitching
289 Test measuring system System ok time
290 Idling in speed control System ok time
291 Under temperature cabinet Trip Down time
292 Malfunction cabinet heaters System ok time
293 Malfunction temperature switch System ok time
cabinet
294 Warning advance controls sensor System ok time
295 Heat up state System ok time
296 Malfunction diverter System ok time
297 Turbine heat up error Trip Down time
298 Orifice brake hydraulic soiled System ok time
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
299 Blackout time synchronization System ok time
300 Generator grease storage tank
empty
301 Malfunction generator lubrication
302 Brake pad worn, warning System ok time
303 Malfunction time switch System ok time
304 Main bearing grease storage tank
empty
305 Condition monitoring vibration
warning
306 Manual operation yaw hydraulic
307 Helicopter approach
308 Idling command at WTG System ok time
309 Idling from remote control System ok time
310 Fault reset
311 Fire alarm warning Trip System ok time
312 Fire alarm sensor error System ok time
313 Cabinet over temperature warning System ok time
314 Power limitation frequency System ok time
dependent
315 Burglary in turbine System ok time
316 Burglary control deactivated System ok time
317 Under temperature slip ring Trip Down time
318 Fault advance controls sensor Trip System ok time
319 Service switch rotor lock Down time
320 Stator filter fuses Unused
321 Yaw lubrication warning Unused
322 Blade bearing lubrication warning Unused
323 Over temperature tower base Down time
324 Activation rotor lock System ok time
325 Transformer over pressure Down time
326 Limit switch 95ø defective Down time
327 Limit switch 95ø overrun Down time
328 UPS fault Down time
329 UPS battery deep discharge Down time
330 MBL pressure fault Unused
331 PPM fan manual operation Unused
332 Vibration sensor manual operation Unused
333 Block restart due to grid frequency Trip System ok time
334 Circuit breaker maintenance Down time
necessary
14.4.4 System Commands

The command log, parameter change, and inverted input reports are associated with the operations and
maintenance commands that can be issued from VisuPro or WindSCADA. These commands and the system
with which they are associated are as follows:
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
1.x and 2.x Series Wind Turbine Commands
WTG Command Description

Yaw left Move nacelle in left direction
Yaw right Move nacelle in right direction
Yaw stop Stop nacelle motion
Yaw automatic Take yaw control sub-system to automatic mode
Yaw manual Take yaw control sub-system to manual mode
Stop reset Stop the wind turbine and reset faults
Start Start the wind turbine
Shut down power Shut down power in wind turbine
Pitch stop Stop pitch motion in all three blades
Pitch minus Decrements pitch angle of all three blades
Pitch plus Increments the pitch angle of all three blades
Pitch automatic Take pitch sub-system to automatic mode
Ventilator generation on Turn ventilator adjacent to generator on
Ventilator generation off Turn ventilator adjacent to generator off
Frequency converter / Take ventilator adjacent to frequency converter into automatic mode
ventilator auto
Frequency converter on Start up frequency converter
Frequency converter off Shut down frequency converter
Frequency converter quit Reset faults in frequency converter
Blade angle demand Manual pitch reference to all three blades
Blade angle 1 demand Manual pitch reference to blade 1
Speed manual stop Take speed control function to manual mode and stop turbine
Speed minus Decrement manual speed reference
Speed plus Increment manual speed reference
Speed automatic Take speed control function to automatic mode
Speed demand Manual speed reference
Torque demand Manual torque reference
Battery test Conduct pitch system battery test
Command Idling in feathering Idle command
pos.
Command Closing of rotor Close the rotor brake
brake
Command Reset of faults and Reset faults in wind turbine
warnings
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
WindCONTROL (WFMS) Commands
WindCONTROL (WFMS) Command Description

Enable Enable all regulators
Disable Disable all regulators
Reset Reset controller errors
Enable U/Phi/Q regulator Enable voltage/power factor/VAR regulators
Disable U/Phi/Q regulator Disable voltage/power factor/VAR regulators
Enable power regulator Enable site power regulator
Disable power regulator Disable site power regulator
Close bank 1 Close bank 1 (CG: Close the capacitor bank C1)
Trip bank 1 Trip bank 1 (CG: Trip the capacitor bank C1)
Set demand power factor 1 Set the demand power factor 1 (cos Phi), P[156.9]
Set demand voltage Set the demand voltage (V), P[156.11]
Default line voltage Set the default line to line voltage (V), P[156.5], Demand park voltage if there is
an error on the voltage demand interface
Set first demand voltage value Set first voltage demand value (V), P[156.18]. This demand value will be used if
P156.7 bit 10 is set and DI1.9 is not active.
Set second demand voltage value Set second voltage demand value (V), P[156.19]. This demand value will be
used if P156.7 bit 10 is set and DI1.9 is active.
Set demand park power from SCADA Set demand park power from SCADA (kW), P[156.6], demand park power when
P156.3 bit 7 is set
Toggle controller VAR mode Toggle controller mode between reference power factor and reference voltage
Toggle set point power control Toggle power reference-set point between SCADA and external reference
value
Sub_reset Reset errors of substation PLC
Sub_REMOTE Set substation control in remote mode
Sub_LOCAL Set substation control in local mode
Sub_reclose_OFF Set auto-reclosing substation off
Sub_reclose_ON Set auto-reclosing substation on
Sub_set t1 reclosing Temporization for reclosing in seconds
Sub_set V reclosing Nominal voltage for reclosing in %
Sub_CB01 60 kV close Substation circuit breaker #01 60 kV close
Sub_CB01 60 kV open Substation circuit breaker #01 60 kV open
Sub_SWDIS close Substation switch disconnector close
Reset errors of substation-PLC Substation switch disconnector open
Set substation-control in remote mode Substation circuit breaker #01 20 kV close (Not implemented)
Set substation control in local mode Substation circuit breaker #01 20 kV open (Not implemented)
Set auto-reclosing substation off Substation circuit breaker #04 20 kV close
Set auto-reclosing substation on Substation circuit breaker #04 20 kV open
Temporization for reclosing in seconds Substation circuit breaker #05 20 kV close
Nominal voltage for reclosing in % Substation circuit breaker #05 20 kV open
Substation circuit breaker #01 60 kV Substation circuit breaker #06 20 kV close
close
Substation circuit breaker #01 60 kV Substation circuit breaker #06 20 kV open
open
GE Power & Water
- Original -
Application Guide
WindCONTROL (WFMS) Command Description

Substation switch disconnector close Substation circuit breaker #07 20 kV close
Reset errors of substation-PLC Substation circuit breaker #07 20 kV open
Sub_PT taps decrease Substation potential transformer decrease by 1step
Sub_PT taps increase Substation potential transformer increase by 1step

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GE Power & Water

Functional Description and

Copyright and patent rights

 2014 General Electric Company. All rights reserved.

GE and are trademarks and service marks of General Electric Company.

1 Purpose and Scope of this Document

1. General Electric Company has made every reasonable attempt

Wind Plant SCADA System Overview

Please note that not all components or systems in the diagram

The WindSCADA system is comprised of the following primary subsystems:

Note on the GE Mark VIe Based WTG System (ESS)

3.2 Wind Turbine SCADA

Basic functions provided by the Wind Turbine SCADA:

3.3 Site Local Area Network (LAN)

Refer to Application Notes - Wind plant LAN for further information.

3.4 WindSCADA Servers

3.5 WindSCADA Compact System Offering

3.6 WindCONTROLTM Plant Management System - Optional

3.7 Third Party Met Mast Datalogger / SCADA Interface (Optional)

Campbell Scientific CR1000 and CR3000.

3.8 Substation/Grid Equipment Interface

4 WindSCADA System User Interface

4.2 List of Standard Screens Provided with System

Site Overview Includes trend

Timers & Counters Operational statistics indicating performance over time.

Group Control Start, Stop, Reset of groups of WTGs

Timers & Counters Operational statistics indicating performance over time.

I/O Data Detailed state of the WTG Controller’s I/O

Nacelle Overview Comprehensive view of the WTG nacelle components

Overview Overview of the met mast data

Trending Allows trending of user selected data from the selected

VAR Control 2 (Option) Additional WindCONTROL Control and indication

4.3 Turbine / WindCONTROL Status (Mode)

Normal Impacted Faulted Stopped

4.4 Real-time Data Available from User Interface

WTG Analog Values

 Tower deflection  n-set 1  Temp generator 1

 Power factor  n-set 2  Temp generator 2

 Reactive power  Torque, actual value  Temp bearing A

 Voltage L1-N  Torque, set value  Temp bearing B

 Voltage L2-N  Operating state  Temp gearbox

 Voltage L3-N  State and fault  Temp. air

 Current L1  Wind deviation 10 sec.  Temp nacelle

 Current L2  Circuit breaker cut-ins  Temp generator cooling air

 Current L3  Tower acceleration  Temp gear box bearing

 Nacelle Revolution  Drive train Acceleration  Temp shaft bearing

 Wind Deviation 1 sec.  Temperature ext. oil heater  Temperature 1-Transformer

 Hydraulic pressure  Line Frequency  Temperature 3-Transformer

 Scope CH1  T tower base 1

 Scope CH2  T tower base 2

 Scope CH3  Particle Counter (option)

 Anemometer 1 Wind speed  Wind Vane 1 Direction  Air Pressure

 Anemometer 2 Wind speed  Wind Vane 2 Direction  Air Temperature

 Anemometer 3 Wind speed  Wind Vane 3 Direction  Air Humidity

Power Average L-L Voltage UPS Alarm

 Reactive Power  Line Drop Voltage  Bank 1 Switched On

 Reactive Power of the WTGs  Line Frequency  Bank 2 Switched On

 Actual Possible Park Power  Current L1  Bank 3 Switched On