Lesson 1: THE RESEARCH PROCESSES
Department of Education
Republic of the Philippines
ISULAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Isulan, Sultan Kudarat
RESEARCH II
Quarter 2
For Junior High School
Grade 8 – Science, Technology and Engineering
Name of Student: __________________________________
MODULE 3
THE RESEARCH PROCESSES
Specific Objective:
At the end of the lesson, the students are expected to:
a. demonstrate proper data log book writing
b. distinguish different research forms
c. formulate research hypotheses
A. Documenting Your Research
Using sources in your research paper is an important part of building and supporting your
argument. An essential part of the writing process involves documenting your research and
acknowledging the ideas of others. 
It is crucial that you cite your sources and acknowledge the ideas of others who have
influenced your thinking about your topic. With the proliferation of full-text, online
resources, it is very easy to cut and paste text and images into your own work. But you should
be aware of the ethical and legal issues involved in using someone else's work without proper
attribution. If you are not cautious, you may unwittingly plagiarize someone else's ideas.
Project data logbook
It is a research notebook, which is a complete, permanent record of how you did your
experiment/research project; it shows what you did and thought every step along the way.
Plagiarism
Plagiarism is the failure to acknowledge ideas or words that are not your own. You are
plagiarizing if:
 You insert exact words or phrases from another author's work into your own work.
 You use another author's ideas EVEN IF YOU PUT THEM INTO YOUR OWN
WORDS.
You must be sure to differentiate your own thoughts from those that you read in other
sources, and you must credit authors even if you do not quote them directly.
Things to remember when designing a research form:
1. Start with an introduction
Aside from the pleasant aspect, beginning with a short introduction may help to contextualise
the research in the minds of your respondents. If they understand the product to a higher
degree, they will be able to give more useful criticism and comments.
2. State the confidentiality
Let participants know that their responses will be confidential (if this is the case) as this
allows them to relax and say what they really feel. In the modern world, fear of retribution
and conspiracy is all too common in many parts of the world. Keep in mind that
confidentiality may be an important factor for your respondents’ peace of mind.

Cite Your Sources 3. Keep it simple

You should cite all sources (both printed and online) correctly and fully so that those who It has been said time and time again, but there is no substitute for a well-designed form that
read your work can find and refer to your citations. When you are gathering sources for your uses easy language, no jargon and clear questions. Take a look at your questions and make
topic, make sure that you note the following information for your citations: sure that each one is understandable as well as absolutely necessary.

 Author 4. Smart questions

 Title, subtitle Make sure you include a “don’t know” or “n/a” response in your questions if appropriate.
 Editor (if any) Also include an “other” response to questions where you cannot predict all outcomes.
 Edition
 Volume 5. Test the water
 Place of publication (city or state name) It is imperative that your questionnaire is accurate before you start collecting data. If you
 Publisher discover a mistake later on, it may result in you having to discard all responses collected and
 Date of publication start again from scratch. To minimise the chances of that happening, you can conduct a test
 Page numbers of article survey with a small number of respondents to make sure the form is functioning as it should.
Do the respondents understand your questions? Do they answer in the way that you expect
For online resources, also add: them to? A test may help you to avoid mistakes before you start the research for real.

 URL
 Date of access
 Webmaster (if given)
 Database name (if given) B. Steps of a Research Process

Research form
A product research form is a way of testing your new product or development idea. You need
to find out whether the new innovation will function as you want and whether it will be
received by consumers as you expect.
Research, as a tool for progress, satisfies mankind’s curiosity to lots of questions. Whether
you are a high school or college student, you have to take research subject for you to be able
to receive your diploma. To ease your burden in doing research, here are the seven steps in
the research process:

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1. Identification of a research problem
A good research always starts with a good problem. You can observe people or things, visit
places, read print materials, or consult experts to find the research problem that is right for
you. The research problem guides you in formulating the hypothesis and interpretation of
your findings so that you can formulate the right conclusion. A good research problem is
important because it is the basis of all subsequent research activities you are going to
undertake. Factors like area of interest, availability of fund, socio-economic significance of
the study, and the safety measures to be undertaken should be considered in finding a good
research problem.
2. Formulation of Hypothesis
After finding your research problem, the next step is to formulate your own hypothesis. A
hypothesis is a theoretical statement in solving a logical relationship between variables. Do
not be afraid if your hypothesis proves to be incorrect after the experimentation because it is
only considered as an educated guess. Always remember that when you formulate a
hypothesis, it should be based on the research problem being solved.
3. Review of Related Literature
A research problem is vague at first. To give you a vivid picture of the whole research, you
shall read various publications or surf the internet to become aware of the previous works
already done. In doing so, it could spur an idea that can be the subject of your investigation.
The review of related literature can be taken from science books, magazines, journals,
newspapers, or even in the internet.
4. Preparation of Research Design
A research design is the blueprint of the research you are going to undertake. It serves as the
work plan of the whole study not only because it entails the resources needed in conducting
the research but also the ways these resources are utilized.
5. Actual experimentation
Actual experimentation is an implementation of the research design. In actual
experimentation, you have to conduct an experiment to prove the validity of the hypothesis
you have formulated. Actual experimentation includes the methodology that you have
followed in doing your research. The methodology should be carefully planned prior to the
actual experimentation to ensure the validity and accuracy of the result.
6. Results and Discussion
This is the heart of the research process because this is part where the findings of the research
can be found. You can use table (not the table in your kitchen) and graph to interpret the
results of your research.
7. Formulation of Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusion is a statement where you will present the solution to the proposed problem based
on the findings of the investigation. They are tied up to the questions investigated. Your
conclusion will show whether or not your experiment worked. It should answer your
hypothesis and research problem. In your concluding statement you can also infer on the
possible benefits to society that your results might present. You can state any plans you might
have to continue working on other aspects related to your area of study. We must remember
that recommendations are based on conclusions and conclusions are based on findings.
Conducting research is a tiresome task because it is a year-round activity. You have to be
committed to become successful in making a good research which would benefit not only you
but of everyone. The willingness in you in making future researches should always be there
because doing research without your ‘heart’ and ‘mind’ on it is a burden on your part. Always
enjoy doing it. Enjoy the ride. The more that you enjoy doing the task, the more that you ease
the burden in conducting this difficult endeavor. Never hesitate to ask questions. Asking
questions from other people who is aware of your research topic would help you arrive at the
correct conclusions. 
WORKSHEET 3
Activity 1. Arrange correctly the following steps regarding how data should be
entered into a project data logbook. (5 points)
 All measurements should be recorded immediately and directly
 Jot down enough information to indicate what you are doing at that moment
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  Entries should be sufficiently detailed for you to have no trouble in
reproducing your experimental setup
 Provide diagrams of the apparatus, with complete information on settings of
controls and other relevant instrumental data
 State briefly what the goal is
Activity 2. ENUMERATION. What are the five things to remember in designing a
research form. (5 points)
Activity 4. ESSAY. In no more than FIVE sentences, answer the following questions:
(5 points each)
1. As a researcher, why is it important that sources are cited and the ideas of others are
acknowledged?
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

2. What is plagiarism? What can you do to avoid such mistake?

Activity 3. FILL IN THE BLANKS. (10 points)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
1. The _________________ guides you in formulating the hypothesis and interpretation
of your findings so that you can formulate the right conclusion.
_____________________________________________________________________
2. _________________ is a statement where you will present the solution to the _____________________________________________________________________
proposed problem based on the findings of the investigation.
3. The _________________ can be taken from science books, magazines, journals,
newspapers, or even in the internet.
4. A _________________ is the blueprint of the research you are going to undertake. **end of Lesson 3**
5. _________________ is an implementation of the research design.
6. _________________ is a tool for progress which satisfies mankind’s curiosity to lots
of questions.
7. A _________________ is a theoretical statement in solving a logical relationship References:
between variables. https://www.netigate.net/articles/market-research/designing-effective-product-research-form/
8. Always remember that _________________ are based on conclusions and https://www.teacherph.com/seven-steps-research-process/
conclusions are based on findings.
9. _________________ is the heart of the research process because this is part where
the findings of the research can be found.
10. The _________________ should be carefully planned prior to the actual
experimentation to ensure the validity and accuracy of the result.