عملي الاتصالات - الالياف البصرية وخطوط النقل

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٢٣٥
 ٢٣٩  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬
  J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ،‫א‬   ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؛‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
     ‫א‬  ‫א‬   ،‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 
? ‫א‬ ?  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ? ‫א‬ ‫א‬   
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
       ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬ 
 K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬       
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KFunction Generator‫א‬  J١
KOscilloscope‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
KDigital Multimeter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
K  J٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 Sinusoidal wave ∼ =‫א‬
  2 =‫א‬
 8 Vpp=‫א‬
 K٠=EDCF‫א‬‫א‬
Attenuation ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 KEdBF٠‫א‬
‫א‬CH1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Output‫א‬  J٣
KAuto set‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 K (X, Y1)
-١-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
Y1/Div =__________
X/Div = ________
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 W
VP
f
Vrms
W‫א‬Vrms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
Vrms
CH2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TTL‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
K2‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬CH2‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
 KAuto set
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
KEY2 , X F
Y2/Div =_________
X/Div = _________
-٢-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
W‫א‬‫א‬
VPP  
f
 
‫א‬FTTL‫א‬Vrms‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١١
 KE‫א‬DC position‫א‬‫א‬
Vrms
 W
‫؟‬ ٦EVpFSine waveVrms‫א‬  J١
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 ‫؟‬ ٦EVppFSquare waveVrms‫א‬ J٢
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 ‫؟‬TTL‫א‬ J٣
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-٣-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
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-٤-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Measurements on Two wire line
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬(The characteristic impedance, Zc)‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٠{٤٠{٢‫א‬
K٠{٩0K85‫א‬
.(ΩF٣٠٠
KFunction generator 
KDigital Multimeter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 Kdx‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 
‫ﻣﻌﺎوﻗﺔ اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬
ZI ‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
ZC = ZI ,0 ⋅ ZI ,∞
 W
-٥-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ :ZI,∞
 KE‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬WZI,0
 KE‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
  2 =‫א‬،Sinusoidal wave ∼ =‫א‬
 K٠=(DCF‫א‬‫א‬،2Vrms5.7 Vpp=‫א‬
KEdBF٠‫א‬ATT‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬٠{٤٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -٢
 .E‫א‬F٢
‫א‬‫א‬ (VI)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
،E‫א‬F٢‫א‬،Open circuit‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(VR)‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬،EF٢‫א‬،Open circuit‫א‬‫א‬
-٦-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫ﻧﻤﻮذج ﺧﻂ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬

300Ω I
Vrms = 2V ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬
‫اﻟﺬﺑﺬﺑﺎت‬ V1 ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬
(‫)أ‬
VR
I
300Ω E‫א‬F
300Ω I
Vrms = 2V ‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮة‬
Function ‫ﻣﻐﻠﻘﺔ‬
Generator V1
VR I
300Ω
(‫)ب‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٤٣‫א‬ J٥
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬،EF٢‫א‬،Short circuit
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥٣‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
-٧-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
K٠{٤L٠{٢‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
Line Section: Wire diameter φ = 0.4mm. Line length, l = 0.2 km
Open-Circuit Short-Circuit
f (Hz) V1(mV) VR(mV) ZI,∞ V1(mV) VR(mV) ZI,0 ZC(Ω)
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000
10000
 W‫א‬‫א‬ZI,0،ZI,∞‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
V1
Z I = ∗ 300
VR
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Zc‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
ZC = Z I , 0 ⋅ Z I ,∞
‫א‬٠{٩٠{٨٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 .E‫א‬F٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٨٣‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
 
-٨-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
.٠{٤L٠{٨٥‫א‬‫א‬WE٢F
Line Section: Wire diameter φ = 0.9mm. Line length, l = 0.85 km
f (Hz) V1(mV) VR(mV) ZI,∞ V1(mV) VR(mV) ZI,0 ZC(Ω)
100
200
300
400
500
600
800
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
8000
10000
‫א‬‫א‬EZcF‫א‬‫א‬EfF‫א‬‫א‬  J١١
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E١F
 
 
 
 
ZC(Ω)
 
 
 
f (Hz)
-٩-
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 E٢F
 
 
 
 
ZC(Ω)
 
 
 
 
f (Hz)  
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
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 W
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
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 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
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-١٠-
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Measurements on Coaxial Lines
 ‫א‬‫א‬
،ELF‫א‬‫א‬،ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 KECF‫א‬‫א‬
.RG 58RG 174‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬(Zc)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KFunction Generator
.Oscilloscope‫א‬
.Wheatstone Bridge
.Coaxial Adapter‫א‬‫א‬
K٥٠ERG 58F‫א‬‫א‬
K٥٠ERG 174F‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
KCoaxial Adapter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF١‫א‬
‫א‬،(Input field)‫א‬‫א‬(Source)‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KA, B, C, D‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬CH2CH1‫א‬‫א‬I-scope ‫ و‬U-scope ‫א‬
EOutput fieldF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(10 nF, Short circuit, Zc, o-RmaxF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EShort circuitF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EJumperF
 
- ١١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 Wheatstone Bridge‫א‬W
،ELF‫א‬‫א‬،ERF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF١‫א‬
EZ1, Z2, Z3, Z4F‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬Z3
‫א‬EZ1,Z2F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬VD‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
EF E  F
، Coaxial Adapter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ JE١F  
 KWheatstone Bridge  J  

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬(R)‫א‬‫א‬W
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 Sinusoidal wave ∼ =‫א‬
  ١٠ =‫ א‬
 2 Vpp=‫א‬
 K٠=(DC)‫א‬‫ א‬
 KEdBF٠‫א‬ATT‫א‬
KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
- ١٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ١٠٠RG 174‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

‫א‬‫א‬C‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B‫א‬‫א‬
KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Coaxial line (reel 2)  

Coaxial line (reel 1)
 
 
Function Measurement Coaxial Adapter

Generator Bridge
 K‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 
Oscilloscope
 ‫א‬‫א‬(short circuit)‫א‬EJumperF‫א‬ ‫ א‬ J٤

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Z3Z4 Z2‫א‬‫א‬EΩF100 J٥
‫א‬‫א‬RG 174‫א‬‫א‬ ١٠٠
KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬،X‫א‬Z1
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 (Z1 = R1 )  
R1 = 10X Ω, 0 < X < 10
Z2 = R2 R2 = 100Ω  
Z4 = R4 R4 = 100Ω
 (‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z3 = R3 ) ‫א‬‫א‬١٠٠
- ١٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 
 K(R)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EUDF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 KEAutoset) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(UD)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z1(X)‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
(UD min)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5mV/Div)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٧F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 .‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(UD min)
 
Cable RG 174, l = 100m Cable RG 58, l = 100m
 
f (kHz) X UDmin (VPP) R (Ω) X UDmin (VPP) R (Ω)
 
10
 
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬R3E١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
R4
R3 = ⋅ R1 = 10 X Ω
R2
 RG 58‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩ J٣F‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
- ١٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(L)‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬E٤F‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RG 174‫א‬
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 K‫א‬ELF‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
،‫א‬‫א‬Z2(Y)Z1(X)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
(Z1 = R1 ) R1 = 10X Ω, 0 < X < 10  
(Z2 = R2 // C2 ) R2 = 10Y Ω, 0 < Y < 10
C2 = 100 nF
Z4 = R4 R4 = 10Ω
Z3 = R3 )E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEkHzF٢٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
Z2(Y),Z1(X)‫א‬‫א‬(UD min)‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
Cable RG 174, l = 100m Cable RG 58, l = 100m  

f (kHz) X Y L (µH) X Y L (µH)  
20
 
- ١٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 K٤٣‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RG 58‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L J٧
L3 = R1 R4 C 2
L3 = 10 ⋅ X µH
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ECF‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬E٥F‫א‬ J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ RG 174‫א‬
.
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E٥F
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z2(Y)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
Z1 = C1 C1 = 10 nF  
 (Z2 = R2 ) R2 = 10Y Ω, 0 < Y < 10  
Z4 = R4 R4 = 10Ω  
Z3 = R3 )E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 Kcoaxial adapter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EJumperF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
K10‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
- ١٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
‫א‬‫א‬Z2(Y)‫א‬‫א‬(UD min)‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2 mV/Div)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
Cable RG 174, l = 100m Cable RG 58, l = 100m

f (kHz) Y C(nF) Y C(nF)
10
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬RG 58‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K٧،٦
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬C J٨
  C3 = R2 C1 = 10 ⋅ Y nF
R4
 
 
E١٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
RG174 RG58
R /Ω km
' -1
L'/µH km-1
C'/nF km-1
 W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EG = 0F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
R 2 + (wL )
2
  ZC =
G 2 + (wC )
2
- ١٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
W
w = 2πf
 
 
RG174 RG58
f (kHz) | ZC | (Ω) | ZC | (Ω)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10  
(f)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EZcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
ZC (Ω)
f (Hz)
- ١٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٤
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬(Zc) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Characteristics impedance of coaxial cables
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EZCF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Z C = Z I , 0 ⋅ Z I ,∞
 W
‫א‬‫א‬F(Z2)‫א‬‫א‬WZI,∞
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬FEZ2F‫א‬‫א‬WZI,0
 KE‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬ZI,0ZI,∞
VI
 Z =
I
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬I K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬VI
 
- ١٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KFunction Generator
KOscilloscope‫א‬
KCoaxial Adapter‫א‬‫א‬
K٥٠(RG 58)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K٥٠(RG 174)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٥٠F‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 KRG 174‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 Sinusoidal wave ∼ =‫א‬
  ٥٠٠= ‫א‬
 10 Vpp=‫א‬
 K٠=(DCF‫א‬‫א‬
 KEdBF٠‫א‬ATT‫א‬
- ٢٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
E١F‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(Input field)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬I-scopeU-scope ‫א‬DA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
Function Generator Coaxial Oscilloscope

Adapter
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rs‫א‬(Jumper)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KE‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
U-scope‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVIF‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٦
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬500‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٢١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬I-scope‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٧
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬ ٥٠٠‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Rs‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EΩF١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
٥٠٠‫א‬EIF‫א‬‫א‬EVIF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EShort circuitF
KKE١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ٨٦‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
K‫א‬
 WE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ZI,0ZI,∞ J١٠
VI
 Z =
I
 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Zc‫א‬ J١١
  ZC = Z I , 0 ⋅ Z I ,∞
- ٢٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 KRG 174‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
Cable: RG174 l = 50m RS = 1Ω

f (kHz) V1 I1 Z1,∞ V1 I1 Z1,0 ZC
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١٠٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬RG 58
 
 KRG 58‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 Cable: RG58 l = 100m RS = 1Ω

f (kHz) V1 I1 Z1,∞ V1 I1 Z1,0 ZC
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
 
- ٢٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٣
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- ٢٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 
Characteristics of LED's
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
K‫א‬(Threshold voltage)‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
WFiber Optic Transmitter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 W‫א‬E١F‫א‬
(nm) ٩٥٠،٧٧٠،٦٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KPotentiometer‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
W‫א‬‫א‬EInternal Signal GeneratorF‫א‬  J٣
 KECWF،ETTLF،Etriangular waveF
- ٢٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 
KETwo Digital MultimetersF‫א‬‫א‬ •
٢٢٠L١٢٧‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WETransformerF •
KEACF١٢EACF
K •
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KEACF١٢‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
ECWFW‫א‬ •
KEMinimumF‫א‬‫א‬EVfF‫א‬ •
K665‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫• א‬
- ٢٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬EVfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬EIfF‫א‬
V A
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 
EIfF‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVfF‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
 K‫א‬
K٩٥٠٧٧٠‫א‬‫א‬E٤F‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
W‫א‬‫א‬
PI = I f ×Vf
- ٢٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١F
λ = 655 nm λ = 770 nm λ = 950 nm  
VF (V)
IF P1
V (V)
IF P1
V (V)
IF P1  
(mA) (mW) F (mA) (mW) F (mA) (mW)
0.5 0.5 0.5
 
1.5 1.4 0.6  
1.6 1.42 0.8
 
1.62 1.44 1
1.64 1.46 1.02  
1.66 1.48 1.04  
1.68 1.5 1.06
1.7 1.52 1.08  
1.72 1.54 1.1  
1.74 1.56 1.12
1.76 1.58 1.14  
1.78 1.6 1.16  
1.8 1.62 1.18
1.82 1.64 1.2  
1.84 1.66 1.22  
1.86 1.68 1.24
1.88 1.7 1.26  
2 1.72 1.28  
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(If)‫א‬(Vf)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
‫א‬EThreshold VoltageF‫א‬E٣F‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EPIF‫א‬EIfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 KE٤F
  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
 
- ٢٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
IF (mA)
 
VF (V)
 K‫א‬(If)‫א‬(Vf)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
P1 (mW)
IF (mA)
K‫א‬EPIF‫א‬(If)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
- ٢٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 W‫א‬‫א‬
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- ٣٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٦
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 (Trans-impedance Amplifier)
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
Load FEPIN CircuitF‫א‬
 KE١FEresistor
 
 KEPIN CircuitF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
- ٣١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬EAnodeF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬Rc‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KFiber optic transmitter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KFiber optic receiver‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٢٠،١٠،٥‫א‬‫א‬EPMMAF‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WETwo TransformersF •
KEACF١٢EACF٢٢٠L١٢٧
KEMultimeterF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬WEPhotodetectorF •
KTransimpedance Amplifier‫א‬‫א‬ •
- ٣٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
KEACVF‫א‬EDCVF‫א‬‫א‬ •
 KBuilt-in piezo loudspeaker  •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
KEACF١٢‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
ECWFW‫א‬ •
KEMaximumF‫א‬‫א‬EVfF‫א‬ •
K665‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
٥E٣F‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
‫א‬EDCVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KVDCV‫א‬‫א‬
- ٣٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 
Fiber Optic Transmitter Fiber Optic Receiver
Optical Fiber
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE٣F
 
١‫א‬ERcF‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
 KE J١F‫א‬VDCV‫א‬‫א‬
١٠٠١٠‫א‬ERcF‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
KE J١F‫א‬VDCV‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬٩٥٠،٧٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٥،٤‫א‬  J٦
KE J١FE J١F‫א‬
٢٠١٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٦٤‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
K٣٢‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٣٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
λ = 770 nm, l = λ = 665 nm, l =

λ = 950 nm, l = 5m  
5m 5m
RC RC RC  
UDC(V) UDC(V) UDC(V)
(kΩ) (kΩ) (kΩ)
 
1 1 1
10 10 10  
100 100 100 
EFEFE‫א‬F
 E١F
λ = 950 nm, l = λ = 770 nm, l = λ =665 nm, l =

10m 10m 10m
RC RC RC
1 1 1
10 10 10
100 100 100
EFEFE‫א‬F
 E٢F 
 
λ = 950 nm, l = λ = 770 nm, l = λ =665nm, l =

20m 20m 20m
RC RC RC
1 1 1
10 10 10
100 100 100
 EFEFE‫א‬F
E٣F
 
 
 
- ٣٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬Rc‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
- ٣٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
(Powermeter) ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
EIfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EP2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEPowermeterF‫א‬‫א‬
KEµWF‫א‬‫א‬EdBmF‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WETransformerF •
KEACF١٢EACF٢٢٠L١٢٧
KEPowermeterF‫א‬ •
K١EOptical fiberF •
KEMultimeterF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 
 
- ٣٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E١F‫א‬ J١
 KEIfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١EPMMAF
‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻴﻒ ﺑﺼﺮي‬
Power ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻘﺪرة‬

meter
 K‫א‬‫א‬E١F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 K(AC)١٢‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
ECWFW‫א‬ •
.(Minimum)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K665‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
- ٣٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
‫א‬E ٦٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬
 KEdBmF
‫א‬EmAF٢‫א‬EIfF‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬(µW)‫א‬‫א‬EdBmF‫א‬  J٧
W‫א‬‫א‬
  P2 ( µW) ⇒ 1000 × ( 10
0.1× P2 ( dBm )
)
 950 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
 
- ٣٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬EP2F‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 
λ = 665 nm λ = 950 nm
Power Meter Power Meter  

IF (mA) P2 (µW) P2 (µW)
(dBm) (dBm)
2
 
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
- ٤٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
٨
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EP2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KEIfF
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K١٠EPMMAF‫א‬ •
KEACF١٢EACF٢٢٠L١٢٧
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
. •
 
- ٤١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EIfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EP2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
KEACF١٢‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
KECWFW‫א‬ •
KEMinimumF‫א‬‫א‬EVfF‫א‬ •
K665‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
١٠E١F‫א‬‫א‬ -٣
‫א‬EIfF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KVDCV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EDCVF‫א‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬
‫اﻟﻠﻴﻒ اﻟﺒﺼﺮي‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE١F
 
 K‫א‬EkΩF١٠٠‫א‬Rc‫א‬  J٤
- ٤٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
  
٢EIfF‫א‬‫א‬EVfF‫א‬  J٥
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVDCVF‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٥F‫א‬  J٦
 W‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬(P2)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
  P2 = K ⋅ VDCV
ERcF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K 
 KE٢F‫א‬
‫א‬E٧٧٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧٥‫א‬‫א‬ -٨
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٩٥٠F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٤٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
  
 KEVDCVF‫א‬‫א‬EP2F‫א‬‫א‬E١F
λ = 665 nm λ = 770 nm λ = 950 nm
IF (mA) VDCV (V) P2 (µW) VDCV (V) P2 (µW) VDCV (V) P2 (µW)
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
- ٤٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
  
.(Rc) ‫( ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﺘﻐﺬﻳﺔ اﻟﺮﺟﻌﻴﺔ‬K) ‫( اﻋﺘﻤﺎدﻳﺔ ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬٢) ‫ﺟﺪول‬
RC = 1 kΩ RC = 10 kΩ RC = 100 kΩ
⎡ µW ⎤
K =⎢ 3300 330 33
⎣ V ⎥⎦
 EIfF‫א‬‫א‬EP2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P2 (µW)
IF (mA)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
E The electro-optical efficiencyF
- ٤٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
  
‫א‬E٦٦٥F‫א‬EVfF‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٢٠،١٠EIfF‫א‬‫א‬
KE٣F‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
  PI = I f ×Vf
KE٣F‫א‬‫א‬E٩٥٠،٧٧٠F‫א‬‫א‬E٢{١F‫א‬  J٣
E٤F‫א‬EP2F‫א‬‫א‬EPIF‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K٢٠،١٠‫א‬EIfF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
P2
η=
P1
KEPIF‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
λ = 665 nm λ = 770 nm λ = 950 nm

IF (mA) VF (v) P1 (mW) VF (v) P1 (mW) VF (v) P1 (mW)
10
20
 
- ٤٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬    ‫א‬
  
K‫א‬‫א‬E٤F
IF (mA) = 10 mA IF (mA) = 20 mA
λ (nm) P1 (mW) P2 (µW) η (%) P1 (mW) P2 (µW) η (%)
665
770
950
- ٤٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
٩
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Attenuation in optical fibers
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EThe AttenuationF‫א‬
‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬ ‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ECutoff methodF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬El2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EP2F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EP2F‫א‬‫א‬El1F ‫א‬
 WEαF‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
10000 ⎛⎜ Pl1 ⎞
⎟
α= log (dB km-1)
∆l ⎜ Pl ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
- ٤٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K٥٠،٢٠،١٠،٥‫א‬‫א‬EPMMAF‫א‬ •
KEACF١٢EACF٢٢٠L١٢٧
 .(Multimeter)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 .(AC)
- ٤٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
.(TTL)W‫א‬
K٦٦٥W‫א‬‫א‬
٥EPMMAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
KE١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 
‫א‬EACVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
KEVACVF‫א‬‫א‬
KEkΩF ١٠‫א‬(Rc)‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
KE١F‫א‬EVACVF‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
٢٠،١٠‫א‬‫א‬EPMMAF‫א‬‫א‬E٦F‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬٥٠،
W‫א‬‫א‬(αF‫א‬  J٨
- ٥٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
10000 ⎛⎜ Pl1 ⎞
⎟
 α= log ( dB km-1)
∆l ⎜ Pl ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
 K(∆l =l2-l1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬∆lW
 Kl1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Pl  1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Pl 
  K l2 2
 
K٦٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
λ = 665 nm RC = 10 kΩ
l (m) VACV ∆l (m) α dB km-1

5
10
20
50
 KE‫א‬‫א‬WF
٧٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 KE٢F‫א‬
- ٥١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
K٧٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
λ = 770 nm RC = 10 kΩ
5
10
20
50
 KE‫א‬‫א‬WF
 
 
٩٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١٠
EkΩF١٠٠‫א‬‫א‬ERcF‫א‬‫א‬
 KE٣F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
- ٥٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 K٩٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٣F
λ = 950 nm RC = 100 kΩ
5
10
20
50
 KE‫א‬‫א‬WF
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬αavg‫א‬ J١١
  W‫א‬‫א‬
λ (nm) αavg (dB km-1)

665
770
950
- ٥٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J١٢
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- ٥٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
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- ٥٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١٠
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 KHCSPMMA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K
 ‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬(HCS)‫א‬‫א‬ (PMMA) ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
.(Power supply)
KFunction generator‫א‬
KFiber optic adapter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬HCS‫א‬PMMA‫א‬٥٠،٥
KMultimeter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬
 ٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
KTTL‫א‬
KEDigital/normalFLW‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 
K‫א‬‫א‬E١F
‫א‬‫א‬PMMA‫א‬٥  J٤
K٦٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬EACF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬EVACVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٦
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬EVACVF‫א‬‫א‬
٩٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٧،٦‫א‬  J٧
KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬(αF‫א‬  J٨
10000 ⎛⎜ Pl1 ⎞
⎟
   α= log (dB km-1)
∆l ⎜ Pl ⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠

 K(∆l =l2-l1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬∆lW
 Kl1‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Pl 
1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W Pl 
  K l2 2
KPMMA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
λ = 665 nm λ = 820 nm
l (m) VACV (mV) a dB km-1 VACV (mV) α dB km-1
5
50
 KE‫א‬‫א‬WF
HCS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩٥‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬٥٠L٥‫א‬‫א‬
- ٥٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 KHCS‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
λ = 665 nm λ = 820 nm
l (m) VACV (mV) a dB km-1 VACV (mV) α dB km-1
5
50
 KE‫א‬‫א‬WF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 K
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- ٥٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١١
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Transmission Methods Used in

Fiber-optic Communication Systems
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
.Fiber optic transmitter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K١٠EPMMAF‫א‬ •
KOscilloscope‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WETwo TransformersF •
KEACF١٢EACF٢٢٠L١٢٧
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 Analog Transmission‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J١
١٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEACF
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
 KETriangular wave)W‫א‬
K٦٦٥W‫א‬‫א‬
١٠EPMMAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
KE١F‫א‬
 K‫א‬E١F
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EVfF‫א‬  J٤
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EACVF‫א‬
K١٠‫א‬ERcF‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
K‫א‬‫א‬EVfF‫א‬  J٦
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٧
KEAutosetF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٨
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EAMPF‫א‬EVfF‫א‬
K
EDemodulated signalF‫א‬‫א‬EModulated signalF‫א‬‫א‬  J٩
K‫א‬EVppF‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
 
Analog Mode ‫א‬‫א‬E١F
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﺔ‬
V / Div V / Div
VPP VPP
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 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 Digital transmission‫א‬‫א‬W
 KETTLF‫א‬‫א‬  J١
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ETTLF‫א‬‫א‬  J٢
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EACVF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٣
 KEAutosetF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EDemodulated signalF‫א‬‫א‬EModulated signalF‫א‬‫א‬  J٤
K‫א‬EVppF‫א‬E٢F‫א‬‫א‬
Digital Mode‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﺔ‬
V / Div V / Div
VPP VPP
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  J٥
- ٦٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
- ٦٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١٢
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Fiber / Fiber Coupling Losses
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Eθ,X,Y,ZF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬K(Micropositioner)
 K‫א‬
 W‫א‬
 KAxial separation ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KLateral offset‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
 KAngular offset ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
 
 
- ٦٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 Micropositioner‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬
 W
‫א‬ J٤ J٣ J٢ J١
 Aperture angle θo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥
Acceptance angle θA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
 
- ٦٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ec, b, aF‫א‬‫א‬
 W
KEaF‫א‬ Lateral offset‫א‬‫א‬
KEbF‫א‬Axial separation‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KEcF‫א‬ Angular offset‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
.Fiber optic receiver ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K١EPMMAF‫א‬ •
Micropositioner‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KEACF١٢EACF٢٢٠L١٢٧
.(Multimeter) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KEACF١٢‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٧ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
KETTLFW‫א‬ •
K665‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
E2F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
EACVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
KVACV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﻒ ﺑﺼﺮي‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﻒ ﺑﺼﺮي‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻹرﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 
 K‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬ERcF‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EZ , YF‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٨ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬ ٥٠٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 KE١F‫א‬VACV‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V ACV VMAX ‫א‬ J٨
 KX‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EaF‫א‬ J٩
 W‫א‬‫א‬
⎛ VMAX ⎞
dB a = 10 ⋅ log⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ V ACV ⎠
٩٥٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
‫א‬‫א‬٩٦‫א‬‫א‬E٠F‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F
EXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١١
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٦٩ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E١F
λ = 665 nm RC = 100 kΩ λ = 950 nm RC = 100 kΩ
VACV V ACV a VACV V ACV a

X (µm)
(mV) VMAX (dB) (mV) VMAX (dB)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
4000
4500
5000
5500
6000
 
- ٧٠ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
VACV / VMAX
X (µm)
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬٦٦٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KE٠F‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EZ , YF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬YE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EVACVF‫א‬‫א‬
E٩ J٤F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Y  J٣
 KE٢F‫א‬‫א‬Y
E٢F‫א‬ ١٠٠‫א‬Y J٤
 KEVACVF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬Y ‫א‬‫א‬٤٣‫א‬ ٢٥٠٠X  J٥
 KE٢F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ V ACV VMAX ‫א‬ J٦
 V ACV VMAX ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 V ACV VMAX ‫א‬EYF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧١ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬EYF‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
λ = 665 nm RC = 100 kΩ
X = 0 µm X = 2500 µm
VACV V ACV VACV V ACV
Y (µm)
(mV) VMAX (mV) VMAX
- ٧٢ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
VACV / VMAX
Y (mm)
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK
- ٧٣ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
١٣
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Determination of the Numerical Aperture
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K
‫א‬EAcceptance angle,θAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EThe aperture angle θoF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE١F‫א‬
 
 
 
 
. EθAF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E١F 
- ٧٤ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
 WNA‫א‬‫א‬θAθo‫א‬‫א‬
θ o = 2θ A = 2 sin −1 ( NA)
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
.Fiber optic receiver ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
K١EPMMAF‫א‬ •
Micropositioner‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
KEACF١٢EACF٢٢٠L١٢٧
.(Multimeter) ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١
 KEACF١٢‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٢
KETTLFW‫א‬ •
K665‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
- ٧٥ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
E2F‫א‬‫א‬ J٣
EACVF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬١
 KVACV‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﻒ ﺑﺼﺮي‬ ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻟﻴﻒ ﺑﺼﺮي‬
‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻹرﺳﺎل‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻟﺮﺑﻂ اﻟﺪﻗﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E٢F
 
 K‫א‬١٠٠‫א‬ERcF‫א‬‫א‬ J٤
‫א‬٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EXF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٥
٢‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EZ , YF‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F‫א‬‫א‬
٪٠{٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬ θ 01o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- ٧٦ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬  ٢٣٥  ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬   J‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬
  
٪٠{٠٥‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬ θ 02o ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬NA‫א‬‫א‬θA‫א‬‫א‬ J٩
⎛ θ 01 + θ 02 ⎞
θA = ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 4 ⎠
NA = sin(θ A )
٩٥٠،٧٧٠‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٩٥‫א‬‫א‬ J١٠
 KE١F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E١F
λ = 665 nm VACV (max) =

 
θ 01o θ 02o θ A0 NA
 
 
 
 

- ٧٧ -
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
GOTEVOT appreciates the financial support provided by BAE SYSTEMS

عملي الاتصالات - الالياف البصرية وخطوط النقل

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عملي الاتصالات - الالياف البصرية وخطوط النقل

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 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫اﻟﻤﺆﺳﺴﺔ اﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﺘﻌﻠﻴﻢ اﻟﻔﻨﻲ واﻟﺘﺪرﻳﺐ اﻟﻤﻬﻨﻲ‬

‫ﻧﻤﻮذج ﺧﻂ اﻟﻨﻘﻞ اﻟﺜﻨﺎﺋﻲ‬

 KWheatstone Bridge  J  

 ١٠٠RG 174‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ J٣

Coaxial line (reel 2)  

Function Measurement Coaxial Adapter

 ‫א‬‫א‬(short circuit)‫א‬EJumperF‫א‬ ‫ א‬ J٤

Cable RG 174, l = 100m Cable RG 58, l = 100m  

Cable RG 174, l = 100m Cable RG 58, l = 100m

 Characteristics impedance of coaxial cables

 Sinusoidal wave ∼ =‫א‬

  ٥٠٠= ‫א‬

Function Generator Coaxial Oscilloscope

Cable: RG174 l = 50m RS = 1Ω

 Cable: RG58 l = 100m RS = 1Ω

WFiber Optic Transmitter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

W‫א‬‫א‬EInternal Signal GeneratorF‫א‬  J٣

KETwo Digital MultimetersF‫א‬‫א‬ •

Load FEPIN CircuitF‫א‬

KFiber optic transmitter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

KFiber optic receiver‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

 KBuilt-in piezo loudspeaker  •

KE J١FE J١F‫א‬

λ = 770 nm, l = λ = 665 nm, l =

λ = 950 nm, l = λ = 770 nm, l = λ =665 nm, l =

λ = 950 nm, l = λ = 770 nm, l = λ =665nm, l =

KFiber optic transmitter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

Power ‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻘﺪرة‬

 950 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٨

Power Meter Power Meter  

KFiber optic transmitter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

KFiber optic receiver‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

λ = 665 nm λ = 770 nm λ = 950 nm

E The electro-optical efficiencyF

λ = 665 nm λ = 770 nm λ = 950 nm

Attenuation in optical fibers

KFiber optic transmitter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

KFiber optic receiver‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

l (m) VACV ∆l (m) α dB km-1

λ (nm) αavg (dB km-1)

‫א‬‫א‬(HCS)‫א‬‫א‬ (PMMA) ‫א‬

KFiber optic adapter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬ 

Transmission Methods Used in

.Fiber optic transmitter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

KFiber optic receiver‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻹرﺳﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺎز اﻻﺳﺘﻘﺒﺎل اﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ‬

EDemodulated signalF‫א‬‫א‬EModulated signalF‫א‬‫א‬  J٩

Analog Mode ‫א‬‫א‬E١F

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﺔ‬

EDemodulated signalF‫א‬‫א‬EModulated signalF‫א‬‫א‬  J٤

‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻠﺔ‬

 KAxial separation ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J١

 KAngular offset ‫א‬‫א‬ J٣

‫א‬ J٤ J٣ J٢ J١

 Aperture angle θo‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٦‫א‬ J٥

Acceptance angle θA‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J٧

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Ec, b, aF‫א‬‫א‬

KEaF‫א‬ Lateral offset‫א‬‫א‬ 

 KEcF‫א‬ Angular offset‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

.Fiber optic transmitter ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •

KFiber optic adapter‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬L‫א‬

KEaF‫א‬ Lateral offset‫א‬‫א‬