TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 Aurora Boulevard Cubao, Quezon City

A Project in Partial Fulfilment for the Requirements in

CE473
(TIMBER DESIGN)

Entitled as

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Of a Proposed Two – Storey Timber Residential House

Submitted by
EMMANUEL M. LAZO

Submitted to
Engr. Billy I. Rejuso

October, 2015

1
 ABSTACT

This project is entitled as “A Structural Analysis and Design of a Proposed Two-Storey Timber
Residential House” is presented by Emmanuel M. Lazo, as partial fulfilment for the requirements for CE
473 (Timber Design).
The project was about structural analysis and design of identified parts of a two storey timber
residential structure. Design specifications from NSCP were utilized in the design process. The parts
analysed and designed included: joists, beams, truss, columns and connections. Design schedule and
member details of the structure were also presented in the last chapter.

2
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND........................................................................................................3

1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................3
1.2 The Project..............................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Project Objectives...................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Project Scope and Limitation..................................................................................................................7
1.5 Project Development Process................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2. DESIGN INPUTS........................................................................................................................9
2.1 Architectural Plans..................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Structural Plans.....................................................................................................................................13
2.3 Truss Details.........................................................................................................................................17
2.4 Structural Idealization...........................................................................................................................20
2.5 List of Loading per Area........................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN...............................................................................22
3.1 Design Process for Joists, Beams, and Girders...................................................................................22
I. SECOND FLOOR....................................................................................................................................23
I.A Design of Floor Sheathing.................................................................................................................23
I.B Design of Floor Joists........................................................................................................................24
I.C Design of Beams and Girders...........................................................................................................29
II. GROUND FLOOR...................................................................................................................................38
II.A Design of Floor Sheathing................................................................................................................38
II.B Design of Floor Joists.......................................................................................................................38
II.C Design of Beams..............................................................................................................................41
3.2 Design Process for Purlins, Truss, and Columns.................................................................................49
I. Design of Purlins..................................................................................................................................49
II. Design of Truss...................................................................................................................................54
III. Design of Columns.............................................................................................................................57
3.3 Design of Connections..........................................................................................................................66
I. Beam-Column, Beam-Beam................................................................................................................69
II. Truss-Column, Truss-Beam................................................................................................................72
CHAPTER 4. DESIGN SCHEDULES AND SUMMARY.................................................................................74

3
 4.1. Joists....................................................................................................................................................74
4.2. Beam/Girder Schedule.........................................................................................................................75
4.3. Columns...............................................................................................................................................76
APPENDIX - REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................77

4
 CHAPTER 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction

The use of timber as a structural material is not new, in fact dating back many centuries. As time
passes, developments in the various types of timber components which are available and their use in
different structural forms have occurred; new advanced timber products are now available enabling
structural engineers to achieve the performance and efficiency in building forms being demanded in the
21st century. There are thousands of species of tree from which timber can be obtained, each with different
rates of growth, structural properties and degrees of durability. The timber supply chain has responded to
nature’s variability and now provides repeatable product
supply from managed forests. The industry has also
created grading processes to deliver reliable technical
performance (grades) for these products. The UK
construction industry generally uses the word ‘timber’ to
describe structural products of wood, whereas in North
America the word ‘lumber’ is used. ‘Wood’ is often used
to describe furniture and other non-structural items.
Nevertheless, all three terms are commonly used to Figure 1. Timber as Structural Material
describe structural products.
Timber is categorised as either ‘softwood’ or ‘hardwood’. Softwood is obtained from coniferous
trees and hardwood comes from broad-leaved trees. Softwood and hardwood are botanical terms and do
not necessarily refer to the density or hardness of the wood. For example Balsa, which is known to be soft
and used for building lightweight models, is a hardwood whereas Douglas Fir is a softwood with good
durability and high strength properties. Softwood is commonly used for timber structures as it is readily
available, easily worked, of relatively low cost and its fast rate of growth gives a continuous supply from
regenerated forest areas. Hardwoods are typically used for exposed structures and claddings where
durability and particular aesthetic characteristics, such as colour or grain pattern, are required.
As a natural and renewable building material, timber has excellent ecological attributes. It acts as a
carbon sink and has low embodied energy. The energy needed to convert trees into wood and hence into
structural timber is significantly lower than that required by other structural materials such as steel and
concrete.

5
Advantages of Timber as Construction Material
Thermal Properties. Wood does not practically expand against heat. On the contrary, by the effect
of heat, it dries out and gains strength. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the wood is very low. For
this reason, wood is used for making matches, handles of hardware equipment, ceilings and wall coverings.
Mechanical Properties. Although wood is a light material, its strength is quite high. For instance,
while the tensile strength of wood with 0.6/cm3 specific gravity is 100 N/mm2, the tensile strength of steel
with 7.89/cm3 specific gravity is 500 N/mm2. Dividing tensile strength by specific gravity gives the breaking
length and quality of material.
Aesthetic Properties. Wood is a decorative material when considered as an aesthetic material.
Each tree has its own color, design and smell the design of a tree does change according to the way it is
sliced. It is possible to find different wooden materials according to color and design preference.
Oxidation Properties. Although wood has oxidation characteristics in some way, it is not the kind of
oxidation seen in metals. Metals get rust, wood doesn’t. For such characteristics, use of wood is preferred
to avoid rust when necessary.
Working Properties. It is easy to repair and maintain wood. While old woods can be renewed by
special touches other materials are highly difficult and costly to maintain and to repair. Therefore they are
usually disposed of.
Variation. There are more than 5000 kinds of woods in the world. Their specific gravity,
macroscopic and microscopic structures are different. Because of this variety, it is possible to find wood
suitable for needs. For instance, for heat isolation and sound absorption woods in lightweight are used.

Disadvantages of Timber as Construction Material

Shrinkage and Swelling of Wood. Wood is a hygroscopic material. This means that it will adsorb
surrounding condensable vapors and loses moisture to air below the fiber saturation point.
Deterioration of Wood. The agents causing the deterioration and destruction of wood fall into two
categories: Biotic (biological) and abiotic (non-biological). Biotic agents include decay and mold fungi,
bacteria and insects.
Fungi. It is necessary to give some short information about fungi agents to take measures against
the wood deterioration. Oxygen is essential for the growth of fungi. In the absence of oxygen no fungi will
grow. It is well known that storage of wood under water will protect them against attacks by fungi.

6
 Moisture. Generally wood will not be attacked by the common fungi at moisture contents below the
fiber saturation point. The fiber saturation point (FSP) for different wood lies between 20 to 35% but 30% is
accepted generally.
Nutrients. Wood is an organic compound and consists of 50% carbon. That means that wood is a
very suitable nutrient for fungi because fungi derive their energy from oxidation of organic compounds.
Decay fungi wood rotters can use polysaccharides while stain fungi evidently require simple forms such as
soluble carbohydrates, proteins and other substances present in the parenchyma cell of sapwood.
Additionally, the presence of nitrogen in wood is necessary for the growth of fungi in wood.
Insects. Insects are only second to decay fungi in the economic loss they cause to lumber and
wood in service. Insects can be separated into four categories: Termites, powderpost beetles, carpenter
ants and marine borers.
Fire. Another disadvantage of wood is that it easily catches fire. Wood consists of organic
compounds which are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen. They can combine with oxygen and
burns. Because of these properties, wood is classified as a combustible material.

7
1.2 The Project

The project is a two-storey residential house utilizing timber as the main structural material. The
structure has a total lot area of the plan is 234 sq. m. with dimensions 13 m x 18 m, and the total floor area
of the structure is 270 sq. m. Each storey has a height of 3 m from the natural grade line.

Figure 2. Perspective View of the Residential House

1.3 Project Objectives

The main objective of this project is to analyse and design a timber structure in accordance with
the principles written in NSCP 2010. Other objectives of the project are as follows:
a. To design a two-storey residential house that will have an acceptable probability of performing
satisfactorily during its intended life time.
b. To provide all the necessary architectural plans, structural plans, and computations for the
structural analysis and design of the structure.

8
1.4 Project Scope and Limitation

The following were the scope covered by the design project:

1.) The project was designed in accordance to the National Structural Code of the Philippines.
2.) Analysis of structural members through conventional methods, and analysis of truss with the help
of GRASP software.
3.) All architectural plans (floor plans and elevation plans) and structural plans (framing plans) were
provided.
The following were the limitations of the design project:
1.) Only joists, beams, columns, truss and connections were considered in the design.
2.) The cost estimate for the whole structure is not provided.
3.) The interior design of the structure was not considered.

1.5 Project Development Process

The first phase of the project development process was the planning/conceptualization of the
residential house that will be constructed. This stage includes the naming of the objectives, written
proposals, and identification of necessary information of the client, location, etc. (these was not shown in
the project).
In the second stage, the architectural and structural plans were created. Next was the identification
of the material properties that was used in the structure. As what was said, there are many variation of
woods considering its density and other properties, that’s why knowing the wood type was necessary.
The fourth phase done was the identification of the loads on the structure. These loads included
the dead load, live load, and wind load. Knowing the loads and the material properties, the designer was
able to proceed to the last step of the process which is the structural analysis and design of the structure.

9
 PLANNING/CONCEPTUALIZATION

CREATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND

STRUCTURAL PLANS

IDENTIFICATION OF
MATERIAL PROPERTIES

IDENTIFICATION OF LOADS
ON THE STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE

Figure 3. Project Development Process

10
 CHAPTER 2. DESIGN INPUTS

2.1 Architectural Plans

Figure 4. Ground Floor Plan

11
Figure 5. Second Floor Plan

12
Figure 8. Right Side Elevation

Figure 6. Front Elevation

Figure 7. Rear Elevation

Figure 9. Left Side Elevation

13
2.2

Figure 10. Ground Floor Framing Plan

Structural Plans

14
Figure 11. Second Floor Framing Plan

15
16
Figure 12. Roof Beam Plan

17
For Framing Plans, Beam
S means Joist Group Column
In a beam name FA-B1, F means Frame/Grid, Joist
and B means Beam

18
Figure 13. Framing System

19
2.3 Truss Details

Figure 14. Roof Truss

20
Figure 15. Truss Details

Figure 16. Purlin Details

21
 Figure 17. Truss Division

Figure 18. Truss Tributary Areas

22
 2.4 Structural Idealization

STUDS

COLUMNS
JOISTS

PANELS

GIRDER

WALLS
BEAM

Figure 19. Structural Idealization

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 In this structure, the main wood used was Yakal, which is from the Group I (High Strength), with
80% Stress Grade. For some minimal parts (walls), Bayok was used, which is from Group IV (Moderately
Low Strength) with 50% Stress Grade.

24
2.5 List of Loading per Area

Ground Floor
  Dimension Minimum Design Load
 Area Short Side (m) Long Side (m) Area (m2) Occupancy Live Load (kPa)
S-1 4 5 20 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-2 4 5 20 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-3 5 5 25 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-4 4 5 20 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-5 4 5 20 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-6 5 5 25 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-7 3 4 12 Basic Floor Area 1.9
Total Ground Floor Area 142    
           
Second Floor
  Dimension Minimum Design Load
 Area Short Side Long Side Area Occupancy Live Load (kPa)
S-1 4 5 20 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-2 4 5 20 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-3 5 5 25 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-4 4 5 20 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-5 1.5 4 6 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-6 5 5 25 Basic Floor Area 1.9
S-7 3 4 12 Exterior Balcony 2.9*
Total Second Floor Area 128    
Total Floor Area 270    

25
 CHAPTER 3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Design Process for Joists, Beams, and Girders

Figure 20. Design Process for Joist, Beam and Girder

26
I. SECOND FLOOR

I.A Design of Floor Sheathing

Procedure

1. Assume the spacing of the joists that will carry the load from the panels.
2. Choose the panel span thickness and width (Table 6.10 NSCP) according to the panel span rating
(joist spacing).
3. Calculate the quantity of the panels that can be placed within the beam.

Sheathing Dimensions (m)

Slab
length (s) length(l) spacing(s) panel(t) panel(w) Quantity
S-1 4 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 14
S-2 4 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 14
S-3 5 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 17
S-4 4 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 14
S-5 1.5 4 0.4 0.016 0.6 5
S-6 5 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 17
S-7 3 4 0.4 0.016 0.6 10

length(s)
Quantity= x2
panel( w)

27
I.B Design of Floor Joists

Procedure
Part 1. Solving for Total Weight to be carried by Joists
a. Get the Total Weight due to Floor Sheathing
b. Calculate the Area of Openings of Walls within the Floor Joists
c. Choose the Stud Dimensions from NSCP Table 6.23.
d. Get the Total Weight due to Wall Studs within the Floor Joists considering Area of Openings
e. Get the Total Weight due to Walls within the Floor Joists considering Area of Openings
f. Sum up all the Weights.

Part 2. Design the Dimensions of the Floor Joists

a. Assume the width (b) of the floor joist.
b. Get the maximum shear and maximum moment due to the total weight.
c. Solve for the depth (d) using the allowable bending stress, shearing stress, and deflection.
d. Get the maximum d among the three.

Part 3
a. Solve for stress adjustments.
b. Solve for the new Weight of the building (include the self-weight of the joist already).
c. Investigate whether the dimensions will be safe due to the allowable bending stress, shearing
stress, and deflection.

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 Weight due to panels
ϒ (kN/m3) E Mpa WDL kPa WLL kPa W (kN/m)
S-1 6.867 9780 0.7691 1.9 1.0676
S-2 6.867 9780 0.7691 1.9 1.0676
S-3 6.867 9780 0.9339 1.9 1.1336
S-4 6.867 9780 0.7691 1.9 1.0676
S-5 6.867 9780 0.7691 1.9 1.0676
S-6 6.867 9780 0.9339 1.9 1.1336
S-7 6.867 9780 0.5494 1.9 0.9797

ϒ ( panel(t ))(quantity )
W DL=
2

W =(W ¿ ¿ DL +W ¿ ) ¿ ¿)

Weight due to Wall Studs

quantity
L (wall) m h (m) s (m) b (m) d (m) ϒ (kN/m3) W (kN)
(pcs)
S-1 0 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 0 0
S-2 5 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.2163105
S-3 6 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 10 0.192276
S-4 8 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 14 0.336483
S-5 0 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 0 0
S-6 9 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 15 0.288414
S-7 3 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 5 0.16023

quantity =L/s

ϒ (bdh)(quantity )
W=
length( s)

29
*There are no area of openings.
*Some have zero weights because those floor areas do not contain interior walls.
*Values of b, d, and s came from NSCP Table 6.23.

Weight due to Walls (Bayok was used)

h (m) t (m) ρ (kg/m3) ϒ (kN/m3) W (kN/m)
S-1 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184
S-2 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184
S-3 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184
S-4 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184
S-5 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184
S-6 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184
S-7 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184

W =ϒ th

*The value of t is assumed (.01 x 2 as it is side by side)

WT (kN/m) V (kN) M (kNm) b (mm)

S-1 1.3094 2.6187 2.6187 100
S-2 1.5257 3.0513 3.0513 100
S-3 1.5676 3.9189 4.8986 100
S-4 1.6458 3.2917 3.2917 100
S-5 1.1116 0.8337 0.3126 100
S-6 1.6637 4.1592 5.1991 100
S-7 1.7817 2.6725 2.0044 100

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 W T length(s)
V=
2
M =W T ¿ ¿
*The breadth (b) is assumed.

Bending Shearing Deflection  

Fb (Mpa) d (mm) Fv (Mpa) d (mm) δ(a) (mm) d (mm) d' (mm)
S-1 24.5 80.0824 2.49 19.6990 11.1111 157.8083 170
S-2 24.5 86.4446 2.49 21.2640 11.1111 157.8083 170
S-3 24.5 109.5291 2.49 21.5539 13.8889 201.2396 220
S-4 24.5 89.7846 2.49 22.0856 11.1111 157.8083 170
S-5 24.5 27.6701 2.49 18.1504 4.1667 55.2719 70
S-6 24.5 112.8378 2.49 22.2050 13.8889 201.2396 220
S-7 24.5 70.0624 2.49 22.9790 8.3333 128.9185 140

6M
F b=
b d2

3V
F v=
2bd

4
5W L
δ= 3
bd
384 E( )
12 ¿
¿

*Solve the depth (d) for the following equations and get the maximum (d’)

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 Adjustment due to Slenderness
le (m) Cs Ck F'b (Mpa)
S-1 4 8.24621 16.20344053 23.952185
S-2 4 8.24621 16.20344053 23.952185
S-3 5 10.4881 16.20344053 23.066488
S-4 4 8.24621 16.20344053 23.952185
S-5 4 8.24621 16.20344053 23.952185
S-6 5 10.4881 16.20344053 23.066488
S-7 3 6.245 16.20344053 24.319804

l e =l u Single span beam uniformly distributed

C s=
b2 √
C k =0.811 √ E / Fb
le d

*If Cs < 10,

'
F b =Fb
*If 10 < Cs < Ck

'
F b =Fb ¿ ¿
*If Ck < Cs < 50
0.438 E
F b' =
C s2

Bending Shearing Deflection

Wnew M fb Remarks V fv Remarks δ Remarks
1.4261 2.8522 5.9215 Ok 2.8522 0.2517 Ok 11.8720 ok
1.6424 3.2848 6.8197 Ok 3.2848 0.2898 Ok 13.6727 ok
1.7186 5.3707 6.6579 Ok 4.2966 0.2929 Ok 16.1167 ok
1.7626 3.5252 7.3187 Ok 3.5252 0.3110 Ok 14.6732 ok
1.1597 0.3262 3.9937 Ok 0.8697 0.1864 Ok 2.7345 ok
1.8148 5.6712 7.0304 Ok 4.5369 0.3093 Ok 17.0183 ok
1.8778 2.1126 6.4670 Ok 2.8167 0.3018 Ok 8.8560 ok

W new =W T +ϒ bd '

32
 *If fb < Fb’, the dimensions is safe against bending, else, change dimension.
*If fv < Fv, the dimensions is safe against shearing, else, change dimension.
*If δ < δa, the dimensions is safe against shearing, else, change dimension.

I.C Design of Beams and Girders

Procedure

Part 1. Solving for Total Weight to be carried by Joists

a. Get the Total Weight due to Floor Sheathing
b. Calculate the Area of Openings of Walls within the Floor Joists
c. Choose the Stud Dimensions from NSCP Table 6.23.
d. Get the Total Weight due to Wall Studs within the Floor Joists considering Area of Openings
e. Get the Total Weight due to Walls within the Floor Joists considering Area of Openings
f. Sum up all the Weights.

Part 2. Design the Dimensions of the Floor Joists

a. Assume the width (b) of the floor joist.
b. Get the maximum shear and maximum moment due to the total weight.
c. Solve for the depth (d) using the allowable bending stress, shearing stress, and deflection.
d. Get the maximum d among the three.

Part 3
a. Solve for stress adjustments.
b. Solve for the new Weight of the building (include the self-weight of the joist already).
c. Investigate whether the dimensions will be safe due to the allowable bending stress, shearing
stress, and deflection.

33
 Weight due to Joists and Floor Sheathing
Beam/
Girder Length Joist Joist
(m) (left) (right) W(l-joist) W(r-joist) Resultant (kN) W (kN/m)
F4-B1 5 0 10 0 2.852198 28.52198 5.704396
F3-B1 5 10 10 2.852198 2.852198 57.04396 11.408792
F2-B1 5 10 10 2.852198 4.296583 71.48781 14.297562
F1-B1 5 10 0 4.296583 0 42.96583 8.593166
F4-B2 5 0 10 0 2.852198 28.52198 5.704396
F3-B2* 5 10 10 2.852198 0 28.52198 5.704396
F2-B2* 5 10 10 0 4.296583 42.96583 8.593166
F1-B2 5 10 0 4.296583 0 42.96583 8.593166
FC-B1 4 0 8 0 0.86974455 6.9579564 1.7394891
FD-B2 4 8 8 0.86974455 2.8167456 29.4919212 7.3729803
FE-B1 4 8 0 2.8167456 0 22.5339648 5.6334912
               
 
FA-B1 4
FA-B2 4
FA-B3 5
FB-B1 4
NO JOIST
FB-B2 4
FB-B3 5
FD-B1 4
FD-B3 5

*Those with asterisks are girders.

Resultant =∑ W ∗quantity

W =Resultant∗Length

34
 Opening
A(wall) m2 A(opening) m2 Area (m2) %
F4-B1 14 0 14 100
F3-B1 No Walls
F2-B1 No Walls
F1-B1 14 1.5 12.5 89.2857143
F4-B2 14 0 14 100
F3-B2* No Walls
F2-B2* No Walls
F1-B2 14 1.5 12.5 89.2857143
FC-B1 11.2 0 11.2 100
FD-B2 No Walls
FE-B1 6 0 6 100
         
         
FA-B1 11.2 3 8.2 73.2142857
FA-B2 11.2 2.25 8.95 79.9107143
FA-B3 14 0.75 13.25 94.6428571
FB-B1 No Walls
FB-B2 11.2 0 11.2 100
FB-B3 No Walls
FD-B1 11.2 2 9.2 82.1428571
FD-B3 14 2 12 85.7142857

A=A ( wall )− A (opening)

%=
( A
A (wall) )
∗100 %

35
 Weight due to Studs
quantity
h (m) s (m) b (m) d (m) ϒ (kn/m3) (pcs) W(i) kN W (kN/m)
F4-B1 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.865242 0.1730484
F3-B1 No Walls
F2-B1 No Walls
F1-B1 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.772538 0.1545075
F4-B2 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.865242 0.1730484
F3-B2* No Walls
F2-B2* No Walls
F1-B2 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.772538 0.1545075
FC-B1 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.672966 0.1682415
FD-B2 No Walls
FE-B1 1.5 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.360518 0.0901294
                 
                 
FA-B1 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.492707 0.1231768
FA-B2 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.537772 0.134443
FA-B3 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.81889 0.163778
FB-B1 No Walls
FB-B2 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.672966 0.1682415
FB-B3 No Walls
FD-B1 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.552794 0.1381984
FD-B3 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.741636 0.1483272

ϒ bdh(quantity )(%)
W ( i )=
100

W =W ( i ) /L

36
 Weight due to Exterior Walls (Wood:Bayok)
h (m) t (m) ρ (kg/m3) ϒ (kN/m3) W(i) kN/m W (kN/m)
F4-B1 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184 0.2417184
F3-B1 No Walls
F2-B1 No Walls
F1-B1 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184 0.21582
F4-B2 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184 0.2417184
F3-B2* No Walls
F2-B2* No Walls
F1-B2 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184 0.21582
FC-B1 2.8 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.2417184 0.2417184
FD-B2 No Walls
FE-B1 1.5 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.129492 0.129492
             
             
FA-B1 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.168 0.123
FA-B2 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.168 0.13425
FA-B3 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.168 0.159
FB-B1 No Walls
FB-B2 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.168 0.168
FB-B3 No Walls
FD-B1 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.168 0.138
FD-B3 2.8 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.168 0.144

ϒ ht( %)
W ( i )=
100

W =W ( i ) /L

37
 WT (kN/m) V (kN) M (kNm) b (mm) E(MPa)
F4-B1 6.1191628 15.297907 19.1223838 200 9780
F3-B1 11.408792 28.52198 35.652475 200 9780
F2-B1 14.297562 35.743905 44.6798813 200 9780
F1-B1 8.9634935 22.4087338 28.0109172 200 9780
F4-B2 6.1191628 15.297907 19.1223838 200 9780
F3-B2* 5.704396 17.5970878 15.522958 200 9780
F2-B2* 8.593166 24.8190128 24.52361 200 9780
F1-B2 8.9634935 22.4087338 28.0109172 200 9780
FC-B1 2.149449 4.298898 4.298898 200 9780
FD-B2 7.3729803 14.7459606 14.7459606 200 9780
FE-B1 5.853112575 11.7062252 11.7062252 200 9780
         
         
FA-B1 0.246176813 0.49235363 0.49235363 200 9780
FA-B2 0.268692984 0.53738597 0.53738597 200 9780
FA-B3 0.32277795 0.80694488 1.00868109 200 9780
FB-B1 0 0 0 200 9780
FB-B2 0.3362415 0.672483 0.672483 200 9780
FB-B3 0 0 0 200 9780
FD-B1 0.276198375 0.55239675 0.55239675 200 9780
FD-B3 0.2923272 0.730818 0.9135225 200 9780

For beams,

W T =W ( joist∧floor sheathing )+W (walls∧studs)

V and M are solved same as joists.

For Girders

W T =W ( joist∧floor sheathing )+W (walls∧studs)

38
 The Shear and Moment Diagrams of the girders are
obtained.

V max is equal to the highest value between V1 and V2

M max is the highest moment.

Bending  Shearing  Deflection 

Fb (Mpa) d (mm) Fv (Mpa) d (mm) δ(a) (mm) d (mm) d' (mm)
F4-B1 24.5 153.020142 2.49 18.675 13.88889 280.189528 300
F3-B1 24.5 208.940403 2.49 18.675 13.88889 344.853351 360
F2-B1 24.5 233.901814 2.49 18.675 13.88889 371.799293 390
F1-B1 24.5 185.200114 2.49 18.675 13.88889 318.209884 330
F4-B2 24.5 153.020142 2.49 18.675 13.88889 280.189528 300
F3-B2* 24.5 137.868429 2.49 18.675 13.88889 273.710286 290
F2-B2* 24.5 173.288517 2.49 18.675 13.88889 313.765819 330
F1-B2 24.5 185.200114 2.49 18.675 13.88889 318.209884 330
FC-B1 24.5 72.5531304 2.49 18.675 11.11111 158.156459 170
FD-B2 24.5 134.373652 2.49 18.675 11.11111 238.520425 250
FE-B1 24.5 119.725324 2.49 18.675 11.11111 220.8548 240
               
               
FA-B1 24.5 24.5536553 2.49 18.675 11.11111 76.8057259 90
FA-B2 24.5 25.6519714 2.49 18.675 11.11111 79.0793928 90
FA-B3 24.5 35.1442699 2.49 18.675 13.88889 105.080593 120

39
FB-B1 24.5 0 2.49 18.675 11.11111 0 100
FB-B2 24.5 28.6957936 2.49 18.675 11.11111 85.2174082 100
FB-B3 24.5 0 2.49 18.675 13.88889 0 100
FD-B1 24.5 26.0077716 2.49 18.675 11.11111 79.8089487 90
FD-B3 24.5 33.4454628 2.49 18.675 13.88889 101.666445 120

Adjustment due to Slenderness Adjustment due to Size Factor  

le (m) Cs Ck F'b (Mpa) Cf F'b (Mpa) F'b (Mpa)
9.6 8.4853 16.2034 24.5 1.0000 24.5000 24.5
9.6 9.2952 16.2034 24.5 0.9799 24.0087 24.0086736
9.6 9.6747 16.2034 24.5 0.9713 23.7961 23.796096
9.6 8.8994 16.2034 24.5 0.9895 24.2419 24.2419135
9.6 8.4853 16.2034 24.5 1.0000 24.5000 24.5
9.6 8.3427 16.2034 24.5 1.0000 24.5000 24.5
9.6 8.8994 16.2034 24.5 0.9895 24.2419 24.2419135
9.6 8.8994 16.2034 24.5 0.9895 24.2419 24.2419135
7.68 5.7131 16.2034 24.5 1.0000 24.5000 24.5
7.68 6.9282 16.2034 24.5 1.0000 24.5000 24.5
7.68 6.7882 16.2034 24.5 1.0000 24.5000 24.5
             
             
7.68 4.1569 16.2034 24.5 1.1431 28.0068 24.5
7.68 4.1569 16.2034 24.5 1.1431 28.0068 24.5
9.6 5.3666 16.2034 24.5 1.1072 27.1257 24.5
7.68 6.6453 16.2034 24.5 1.0300 25.2341 24.5
7.68 4.3818 16.2034 24.5 1.1298 27.6809 24.5
9.6 7.4297 16.2034 24.5 1.0300 25.2341 24.5
7.68 4.1569 16.2034 24.5 1.1431 28.0068 24.5
9.6 5.3666 16.2034 24.5 1.1072 27.1257 24.5

Adjustment due to slenderness factor

'
F b =¿
Bending Shearing Deflection
Wnew
(kN/m) M (kNm) fb (Mpa) Remarks V (kN) fv (Mpa) Remarks δ (mm) Remarks
16.328
6.5312 20.4099 6.8033 Ok 0 0.4082 ok 12.0770 ok
29.758
11.9032 37.1976 8.6105 Ok 0 0.6200 ok 12.7376 ok

40
 37.083
14.8332 46.3537 9.1427 Ok 0 0.7131 ok 12.4845 ok
23.541
9.4167 29.4272 8.1067 Ok 8 0.5350 ok 13.0824 ok
16.328
6.5312 20.4099 6.8033 ok 0 0.4082 ok 12.0770 ok
18.592
6.1027 22.8127 8.1377 ok 8 0.4808 ok 12.4927 ok
25.952
9.0464 28.2700 7.7879 ok 1 0.5898 ok 12.5680 ok
23.541
9.4167 31.9573 8.8037 ok 8 0.5350 ok 13.0824 ok
2.3829 4.7659 4.9473 ok 4.7659 0.2103 ok 9.9187 ok
15.432
7.7163 15.4327 7.4077 ok 7 0.4630 ok 10.0991 ok
12.365
6.1827 12.3655 6.4403 ok 5 0.3864 ok 9.1461 ok
                 
                 
0.3698 0.7396 2.7391 ok 0.7396 0.0616 ok 10.3731 ok
0.3923 0.7846 2.9059 ok 0.7846 0.0654 ok 11.0048 ok
0.4876 1.5237 3.1744 ok 1.2190 0.0762 ok 14.0877 ok
0.3159 0.6318 0.3583 ok 0.6318 0.0206 ok 0.5309 ok
0.4736 0.9472 2.8415 ok 0.9472 0.0710 ok 9.6847 ok
0.3159 0.9871 0.5598 ok 0.7897 0.0258 ok 1.2962 ok
0.3998 0.7996 2.9615 ok 0.7996 0.0666 ok 11.2153 ok
0.4571 1.4285 2.9761 ok 1.1428 0.0714 ok 13.2078 ok

41
II. GROUND FLOOR

II.A Design of Floor Sheathing

Sheathing Dimensions (m)

Slab
length (s) length(l) spacing(s) panel(t) panel(w) Quantity
S-1 4 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 14
S-2 4 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 14
S-3 5 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 17
S-4 4 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 14
S-5 4 4 0.4 0.016 0.6 14
S-6 5 5 0.4 0.016 0.6 17
S-7 3 4 0.4 0.016 0.6 10

II.B Design of Floor Joists

Weight due to panels

ϒ (kN/m3) E Mpa WDL kPa WLL kPa W (kN/m)
S-1 6.867 9780 0.7691 1.9 1.0676
S-2 6.867 9780 0.7691 1.9 1.0676
S-3 6.867 9780 0.9339 1.9 1.1336
S-4 6.867 9780 0.7691 1.9 1.0676
S-5 6.867 9780 0.7691 1.9 1.0676
S-6 6.867 9780 0.9339 1.9 1.1336
S-7 6.867 9780 0.5494 1.9 0.9797

42
 Weight due to Wall Studs
quantity
L (wall) m h (m) s (m) b (m) d (m) ϒ (kN/m3) W (kN)
(pcs)
S-1 4 3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.7691
S-2 0 3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 0 0
S-3 5 3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.19777
S-4 5.5 3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 10 0.27468
S-5 0 3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 0 0
S-6 5 3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.19777
S-7 0 3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 0 0

Weight due to Walls (Bayok was used)

h (m) t (m) ρ (kg/m3) ϒ (kN/m3) W (kN/m)
S-1 3.2 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.27625
S-2 3.2 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.27625
S-3 3.2 0.02 0.44 4.3164 0.27625
S-4 3.2 WT (kN/m) 0.02 V (kN) 0.44 M (kNm)4.3164 b (mm)
0.27625
S-5 S-1 3.2 2.1130 0.02 4.2260 0.44 4.22604.3164 1000.27625
S-6 S-2 3.2 1.3439 0.02 2.6878 0.44 2.68784.3164 1000.27625
S-7 S-3 3.2 1.6076 0.02 4.0190 0.44 5.02374.3164 1000.27625
S-4 1.6186 3.2371 3.2371 100
S-5 1.3439 2.6878 2.6878 100
S-6 1.6076 4.0190 5.0237 100
S-7 1.2560 1.8840 1.4130 100

43
 Bending Shearing Deflection  
Fb (Mpa) d (mm) Fv (Mpa) d (mm) δ(a) (mm) d (mm) d' (mm)
S-1 24.5 101.7318 2.49 25.0244 11.1111 157.8083 170
S-2 24.5 81.1315 2.49 19.9571 11.1111 157.8083 170
S-3 24.5 110.9186 2.49 21.8274 13.8889 201.2396 220
S-4 24.5 89.0376 2.49 21.9018 11.1111 157.8083 170
S-5 24.5 81.1315 2.49 19.9571 11.1111 157.8083 170
S-6 24.5 110.9186 2.49 21.8274 13.8889 201.2396 220
S-7 24.5 58.8251 2.49 19.2934 8.3333 115.0147 130

Bending Shearing Deflection

Wnew M fb Remarks V fv Remarks δ Remarks
2.2297 4.4595 9.2584 ok 4.4595 0.3935 ok 18.5621 ok
1.4606 2.9213 6.0649 ok 2.9213 0.2578 ok 12.1595 ok
1.7587 5.4958 6.8130 ok 4.3966 0.2998 ok 16.4920 ok
1.7353 3.4706 7.2054 ok 3.4706 0.3062 ok 14.4461 ok
1.4606 2.9213 6.0649 ok 2.9213 0.2578 ok 12.1595 ok
1.7587 5.4958 6.8130 ok 4.3966 0.2998 ok 16.4920 ok
1.3453 1.5134 5.3731 ok 2.0179 0.2328 ok 7.9240 ok

Adjustment due to Slenderness

le (m) Cs Ck F'b (Mpa)
S-1 7.68 11.4263 16.2034 22.480536
S-2 7.68 11.4263 16.2034 22.480536
S-3 9.6 14.5327 16.2034 19.215502
S-4 7.68 11.4263 16.2034 22.480536
S-5 7.68 11.4263 16.2034 22.480536
S-6 9.6 14.5327 16.2034 19.215502
S-7 5.76 8.65332 16.2034 23.835726

44
II.C Design of Beams

  Weight due to Joists and Floor Sheathing

  Length (m) Joist (left) Joist (right) W(l-joist) W(r-joist) Resultant (kN) W (kN/m)
F4-B1 5 0 10 0 4.4594684 44.594684 8.9189368
F3-B1 5 10 10 4.4594684 4.4594684 89.189368 17.8378736
F2-B1 5 10 10 4.4594684 4.396645 88.561134 17.7122268
F1-B1 5 10 0 4.396645 0 43.96645 8.79329
F4-B2 5 0 10 0 4.4594684 44.594684 8.9189368
F3-B2 5 10 10 4.4594684 4.4594684 89.189368 17.8378736
F2-B2 5 10 10 4.4594684 4.396645 88.561134 17.7122268
F1-B2 5 10 0 4.396645 0 43.96645 8.79329
FD-B2 4 8 8 0 2.0178969 16.143175 4.0357938
FE-B1 4 8 0 2.0178969 0 16.143175 4.0357938
               
Beams without joists
FA-B1 4
FA-B2 4
FA-B3 5
FB-B1 4
NO JOIST
FB-B2 4
FB-B3 5
FD-B1 4
FD-B3 5

45
 From the table shown, looking at the highest axial load (Column 7), the interaction value
is 0.617006, which is less than 1, thus using 250 mm x 200 mm as the size of the column is safe
for the structure.

Opening
A(wall) Area
m2 A(opening) m2 (m2) %
16 0 16 100
No Walls
No Walls
16 0 16 100
16 0 16 100
No Walls
No Walls
16 0 16 100
No Walls
12.8 0 12.8 100
       
       
12.8 2 10.8 84.375
12.8 3.76 9.04 70.625
16 5.3 10.7 66.875
No Walls
12.8 0 12.8 100
No Walls
66.7187
12.8 4.26 8.54 5
16 5.3 10.7 66.875

46
 Weight due to Studs
h s b d
(m) (m) (m) (m) ϒ (kn/m3) quantity (psc) W(i) kN W (kN/m)
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.98885 0.19777
No Walls
No Walls
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.98885 0.19777
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.98885 0.19777
No Walls
No Walls
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.98885 0.19777
No Walls
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.7691 0.19228
               
               
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.64893 0.16223
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.54318 0.13579
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.66129 0.13226
No Walls
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.7691 0.19228
No Walls
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 7 0.51314 0.12828
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 6.867 9 0.66129 0.13226

47
 Weight due to Exterior Walls (Wood:Bayok)
h t
(m) (m) ρ (kg/m3) ϒ (kN/m3) W(i) kN/m W (kN/m)
0.0
3.2 2 0.44 4.3164 0.27625 0.27625
No Walls
No Walls
0.0
3.2 2 0.44 4.3164 0.27625 0.27625
0.0
3.2 2 0.44 4.3164 0.27625 0.27625
No Walls
No Walls
0.0
3.2 2 0.44 4.3164 0.27625 0.27625
No Walls
0.0
3.2 2 0.44 4.3164 0.27625 0.27625
           
           
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.192 0.162
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.192 0.1356
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.192 0.1284
No Walls
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.192 0.192
No Walls
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.192 0.1281
3.2 0.6 0.05 0.1 0.192 0.1284

48
Total W Design Parameters  
WT
(kN/m) V (kN) M (kNm) b (mm) E (Mpa)
9.39296 23.48239 29.35299 200 9780
17.8379 44.594684 55.74336 200 9780
17.7122 44.280567 55.35071 200 9780
9.26731 23.168273 28.96034 200 9780
9.39296 23.48239 29.35299 200 9780
17.8379 44.594684 55.74336 200 9780
17.7122 44.280567 55.35071 200 9780
9.26731 23.168273 28.96034 200 9780
4.03579 8.0715876 8.071588 200 9780
4.50432 9.0086388 9.008639 200 9780
         
         
0.32423 0.6484658 0.648466 200 9780
0.27139 0.5427899 0.54279 200 9780
0.26066 0.6516461 0.814558 200 9780
0 0 0 200 9780
0.38428 0.768552 0.768552 200 9780
0 0 0 200 9780
0.25638 0.5127683 0.512768 200 9780
0.26066 0.6516461 0.814558 200 9780

49
 Bending Shearing Deflection  
δ(a)
Fb (Mpa) d (mm) Fv (Mpa) d (mm) (mm) d (mm) d' (mm)
323.2128
24.5 189.5849 2.49 18.675 13.8889 8 340
400.2539
24.5 261.2607 2.49 18.675 13.8889 2 420
399.3119
24.5 260.339 2.49 18.675 13.8889 3 410
321.7652
24.5 188.3126 2.49 18.675 13.8889 3 340
323.2128
24.5 189.5849 2.49 18.675 13.8889 8 340
400.2539
24.5 261.2607 2.49 18.675 13.8889 2 420
399.3119
24.5 260.339 2.49 18.675 13.8889 3 410
321.7652
24.5 188.3126 2.49 18.675 13.8889 3 340
24.5 99.41618 2.49 18.675 11.1111 195.1136 210
202.3893
24.5 105.0285 2.49 18.675 11.1111 3 220
             
             
84.19059
24.5 28.17871 2.49 18.675 11.1111 2 100
24.5 25.78063 2.49 18.675 11.1111 79.34358 90
97.85397
24.5 31.58192 2.49 18.675 13.8889 7 110
24.5 0 2.49 18.675 11.1111 0 100
89.09615
24.5 30.67709 2.49 18.675 11.1111 7 100
24.5 0 2.49 18.675 13.8889 0 100
24.5 25.05752 2.49 18.675 11.1111 77.85292 90

50
 6
97.85397
24.5 31.58192 2.49 18.675 13.8889 7 120

Adjustment due to Slenderness Adjustment due to Size Factor

le (m) Cs Ck F'b (Mpa) Cf F'b (Mpa) F'b (Mpa)
9.6 9.03327 16.2034 24.5 0.9861892 24.161636 24.16164
9.6 10.0399 16.2034 24.5 0.9633044 23.600958 23.60096
9.6 9.91968 16.2034 24.5 0.9658871 23.664235 23.66423
9.6 9.03327 16.2034 24.5 0.9861892 24.161636 24.16164
9.6 9.03327 16.2034 24.5 0.9861892 24.161636 24.16164
9.6 10.0399 16.2034 24.5 1 24.5 24.5
9.6 9.91968 16.2034 24.5 0.9658871 23.664235 23.66423
9.6 9.03327 16.2034 24.5 0.9861892 24.161636 24.16164
7.68 6.3498 16.2034 24.5 1 24.5 24.5
7.68 6.49923 16.2034 24.5 1 24.5 24.5
             
             
7.68 4.38178 16.2034 24.5 1.1431353 28.006815 24.5
7.68 4.15692 16.2034 24.5 1.1179292 27.389264 24.5
9.6 5.13809 16.2034 24.5 1.129831 27.680859 24.5
7.68 4.38178 16.2034 24.5 1.129831 27.680859 24.5
7.68 4.38178 16.2034 24.5 1.129831 27.680859 24.5
9.6 4.89898 16.2034 24.5 1.1431353 28.006815 24.5
51
 7.68 4.15692 16.2034 24.5 1.1071732 27.125743 24.5
9.6 5.36656 16.2034 24.5 1.1071732 27.125743 24.5

  Bending Shearing Deflection

Wnew M fb Remarks V fv Remarks δ Remarks
9.859912 30.8122 7.99625 ok 24.6498 0.54375 ok 12.5247 ok
17.837874 55.7434 9.48016 ok 44.5947 0.79633 ok 12.0206 ok
17.712227 55.3507 9.87818 ok 44.2806 0.81001 ok 12.8308 ok
9.7342652 30.4196 7.89435 ok 24.3357 0.53682 ok 12.3651 ok
9.859912 30.8122 7.99625 ok 24.6498 0.54375 ok 12.5247 ok
17.837874 55.7434 9.48016 ok 44.5947 0.79633 ok 12.0206 ok
17.712227 55.3507 9.87818 ok 44.2806 0.81001 ok 12.8308 ok
9.7342652 30.4196 7.89435 ok 24.3357 0.53682 ok 12.3651 ok
4.0357938 8.07159 5.49088 ok 8.07159 0.28827 ok 8.91173 ok
4.8064674 9.61293 5.95843 ok 9.61293 0.32771 ok 9.23101 ok
                 
                 
0.4615729 0.92315 2.76944 ok 0.92315 0.06924 ok 9.43912 ok
0.3950009 0.79 2.92593 ok 0.79 0.06583 ok 11.0806 ok
0.4117324 1.28666 3.19008 ok 1.02933 0.07018 ok 15.4443 ok
0.13734 0.27468 0.82404 ok 0.27468 0.0206 ok 2.80859 ok
0.521616 1.04323 3.1297 ok 1.04323 0.07824 ok 10.667 ok

52
 0.13734 0.42919 1.28756 ok 0.34335 0.02575 ok 6.85691 ok
0.3799901 0.75998 2.81474 ok 0.75998 0.06333 ok 10.6595 ok
0.4254664 1.32958 2.76996 ok 1.06367 0.06648 ok 12.2929 ok

53
3.2 Design Process for Purlins, Truss, and Columns

I. Design of Purlins
Procedure
1. Determine the details of the truss (height, length, spacing of truss and spacing of
purlins)
2. Calculate all the loads that will act on the purlins (Purlin Self Weight, Roof Sheathing
Weight, Roof Live Load, and Wind Load).
3. Resolve all the loads into x and y components then sum up.
4. Solve for the bending, shearing, and deflection then check with the allowable (with
adjustments).

TRUSS DETAILS
Truss

Truss Height Truss Base Truss Length y/x Ѳ (degrees)

0.5
1 2.50 10.00 1.50 0 26.57
0.5
2 2.50 10.00 3.00 0 26.57
0.5
3 2.50 10.00 3.00 0 26.57
0.5
4 2.50 10.00 3.50 0 26.57
0.5
5 2.50 10.00 2.00 0 26.57
0.7
6 1.50 4.00 1.50 5 36.87
0.7
7 1.50 4.00 1.50 5 36.87

Truss length is the tributary length of the truss being considered.

y/x is equal to the truss height divided by half of the truss length.
Ѳ is the angle of the truss.

54
 PURLIN DETAILS

b (mm) d (mm) spacing (mm) x-spacing IX IY

150.00 100.00 0.40 0.3578 12500000 28125000
150.00 100.00 0.40 0.3578 12500000 28125000
150.00 100.00 0.40 0.3578 12500000 28125000
150.00 100.00 0.40 0.3578 12500000 28125000
150.00 100.00 0.40 0.3578 12500000 28125000
150.00 100.00 0.40 0.3200 12500000 28125000
150.00 100.00 0.40 0.3200 12500000 28125000

The base (b), depth (d), and spacing (s) are the assumed dimensions of the purlins.
X-spacing is the horizontal component of the spacing.
Ix is the moment of inertia with respect to x (bd 3/12), while Iy is the moment of inertia
with respect to y (db3/12)

The loadings considered are the dead loads of the self-weight of the purlins and
the roof sheathing, the roof live load, and the wind load acting normal to the roof.

Vertical Loads
Dead Load
Live Load
Purlin Self-Weight Roof Sheathing Total
t W(LL)kN/
ϒ (kN/m3) E (MPa) W (kN/m) ϒ (kN/m3) (mm) W(kN/m) W(LL)kPa m
6.8670 9780 0.1030 4.3164 20 0.0309 0.7500 0.2683 0.4022
6.8670 9780 0.1030 4.3164 20 0.0309 0.7500 0.2683 0.4022
6.8670 9780 0.1030 4.3164 20 0.0309 0.7500 0.2683 0.4022
6.8670 9780 0.1030 4.3164 20 0.0309 0.7500 0.2683 0.4022

55
 6.8670 9780 0.1030 4.3164 20 0.0309 0.7500 0.2683 0.4022
6.8670 9780 0.1030 4.3164 20 0.0276 0.7000 0.2240 0.3546
6.8670 9780 0.1030 4.3164 20 0.0276 0.7000 0.2240 0.3546

The Purlin Self-Weight is equal to the product of the unit weight of the concrete and the
dimension b and d.
The roof sheathing weight is equal to the unit weight of the wood used times the
thickness times the horizontal projection of the spacing of purlins.
The live load (roof) came from NSCP Table 205-3 – Minimum Roof Live Loads. The value
then is multiplied to the horizontal projection of the spacing.

Sloping

WIND LOAD

WL(kPa) WL(kN/m)
1.8000 0.7200
1.8000 0.7200
1.8000 0.7200
1.8000 0.7200
1.8000 0.7200
1.8000 0.7200
1.8000 0.7200

The only sloping load acting on the truss is the wind load. The value of the wind load is
assumed.
.

LOAD COMPONENTS

NORMAL TANGENTIAL

Y-WL(kN/m) DL+LL Total X-WL(kN/m)

0.6440 0.4022 1.0462 0.3220
0.6440 0.4022 1.0462 0.3220
0.6440 0.4022 1.0462 0.3220
0.6440 0.4022 1.0462 0.3220
0.6440 0.4022 1.0462 0.3220
0.5760 0.3546 0.9306 0.4320

56
 0.5760 0.3546 0.9306 0.4320

The loads in both x and y axes (tangential and normal) are then summed up.

DESIGN PARAMETERS

Shear Bending  Deflection

Fv Vx Vy Fb Mx My δ (mm)
2.4900 0.2415 0.7847 24.5000 0.0906 0.2942 4.1667
2.4900 0.4830 1.5693 24.5000 0.3622 1.1770 8.3333
2.4900 0.4830 1.5693 24.5000 0.3622 1.1770 8.3333
2.4900 0.5635 1.8309 24.5000 0.4931 1.6020 9.7222
2.4900 0.3220 1.0462 24.5000 0.1610 0.5231 5.5556
2.4900 0.3240 0.6980 24.5000 0.1215 0.2617 4.1667
2.4900 0.3240 0.6980 24.5000 0.1215 0.2617 4.1667

We then get the design parameters from the wood properties, allowable shearing and
bending stresses. Formula for beams are used to get the components of the shear and moment
to be applied.
The allowable deflection is L/360 and actual deflection is equal to 5wl 4/384EI.

STRESS ADJUSTMENTS

Stress Adjustments
Other Adjustments Adjustment due to Slenderness
le F'b
(m) Cs Ck (Mpa)
3.5777 Non
2.88 1 e 24.5
5.0596 Non
All adjustments factors are equal to 1.0 5.76 4 e 24.5
5.0596 Non
5.76 4 e 24.5
5.4650 Non
6.72 4 e 24.5
3.84 4.1311 Non 24.5

57
 8 e
3.5777 Non
2.88 1 e 24.5
3.5777 Non
2.88 1 e 24.5

Formula used for this is already presented in the computation of joists and beams.

INVESTIGATION

Shearing   Bending   Deflection

fVT fVN fV fbT fbN fb δT (mm) δN (mm) δ (mm)
0.0241 0.0785 0.0821 OK! 0.3622 0.7847 1.1469 OK! 0.1736 0.2507 0.3050 OK!
0.0483 0.1569 0.1642 OK! 1.4490 3.1386 4.5876 OK! 2.7779 4.0115 4.8795 OK!
0.0483 0.1569 0.1642 OK! 1.4490 3.1386 4.5876 OK! 2.7779 4.0115 4.8795 OK!
0.0563 0.1831 0.1916 OK! 1.9722 4.2720 6.2442 OK! 5.1465 7.4318 9.0398 OK!
0.0322 0.1046 0.1095 OK! 0.6440 1.3949 2.0389 OK! 0.5487 0.7924 0.9638 OK!
0.0324 0.0698 0.0770 OK! 0.4860 0.6980 1.1840 OK! 0.2329 0.2230 0.3225 OK!
0.0324 0.0698 0.0770 OK! 0.4860 0.6980 1.1840 OK! 0.2329 0.2230 0.3225 OK!

To get the shearing stress, we get the square root of the sum of the squares of the x and
y shearing stresses.
To get the bending stress, we add the bending stresses in the x and y directions.
To get the deflection, we get the square root of the sum of the squares of the x and y
deflections.
If the value is less than the allowable, the dimensions are safe, else redesign.

58
II. Design of Truss
In this part, only the critical part is subjected to design. The dimension that will be taken
will also be applied to all other trusses.
Procedure
1. Determine all the loads acting on the truss (consider only the vertical forces).
2. Put all the uniform loads into the joints of the truss.
3. Compute for the reaction and the axial forces in the truss.
4. Check the maximum axial load for the allowable compressive stress (adjusted).

TRUSS PURLINS
Quantit
Length Wpurlins y
0.10300
10 5 22

LOADS
Sheathin Roof
W g LL Wind Load Roof Beam Ceiling
2.2661 0.1373
1 0.086328 0.75 1.60996894 0.41202 4

RESULTS
Corner Mid
Load Mid Truss Ceiling
4.3848057 8.31181157
9 3 0.9156

To get the quantity of the purlins, we divide the length of the truss (sloping) to
the sum of the spacing and width of a purlin. We then multiply it by 2.

59
 To get the vertical loads on the truss, we get the pressures (vertical component)
of the sheathing, roof live load, wind load, and weight due to the purlins and multiply it
by the length.
To get the vertical loads on the ceiling, we get the ceiling load and the roof beam
then multiply by the length of that beam.

After getting the loads, they are now placed in the joints.

We then solve the reactions and the axial forces in the truss. (The axial forces in
each member is shown in the next table.

60
 Directio
Truss Member b d Axial n Fc Fc' P/A Remarks
10.759504
AB 75 100 45.678 C 15.8 6 6.0904 OK!
8.1132340
BD 75 100 44.241 C 15.8 5 5.8988 OK!
8.1132340
DF 75 100 38.865 C 15.8 5 5.182 OK!
8.1132340 5.39346
AC 75 100 40.451 T 15.8 5 7 OK!
8.1132340
CE 75 100 36.984 T 15.8 5 4.9312 OK!
8.1132340
EG 75 100 28.371 T 15.8 5 3.7828 OK!
8.1132340 0.76213
JK 75 100 5.716 C 15.8 5 3 OK!
8.1132340 1.25266
HI 75 100 9.395 C 15.8 5 7 OK!
8.1132340 0.34706
FG 75 100 2.603 T 15.8 5 7 OK!
8.1132340 0.63413
CD 75 100 4.756 T 15.8 5 3 OK!
8.1132340 1.70493
FI 75 100 12.787 T 15.8 5 3 OK!
8.1132340
JL 75 100 45.678 C 15.8 5 6.0904 OK!
8.1132340
JH 75 100 44.241 C 15.8 5 5.8988 OK!
8.1132340
HF 75 100 38.865 C 15.8 5 5.182 OK!
9.5343047 5.39346
KL 75 100 40.451 C 15.8 6 7 OK!
9.5343047
IK 75 100 36.984 C 15.8 6 4.9312 OK!
9.5343047
GI 75 100 28.371 C 15.8 6 3.7828 OK!
9.5343047 0.76213
BC 75 100 5.716 C 15.8 6 3 OK!
DE 75 100 9.395 C 15.8 9.5343047 1.25266 OK!

61
 6 7
9.5343047 0.63413
HK 75 100 4.756 C 15.8 6 3 OK!
9.5343047 1.70493
EF 75 100 12.787 C 15.8 6 3 OK!

After getting all axial forces, we try the dimensions if it is safe for the allowable
compressive stress.

III. Design of Columns

Procedure
1. Compute all the loads that is passed to the columns (from beams and trusses,
considering both first and second floors).
2. Design the eccentricities of the loads.
3. Using the assumed dimensions of the columns, compute the actual compressive stress
and the actual bending stresses.
4. Use the interaction formula to determine if the dimensions used are adequate for the
structure.

REACTIONS OF BEAMS (kN) FROM TRUSS

COLUMN Sum (kN)
P1 P2 P3 P4 (kN)
1 0.615 0.433       1.048
2 0.615 0.537 28.522     29.675
1st Floor 3 0.537 35.744 0.807     37.088
4 0.807 22.409       23.216
5 0.433 15.298       15.731

62
 6 28.522 0.672 14.261     43.455
7 0.672 35.744 21.483     57.899
8 22.409 22.409       44.817
9 15.298 0.552       15.850
10 0.552 14.261 14.746     29.559
11 14.746 21.483 0.731     36.960
12 22.409 0.731       23.140
13 11.706         11.706
14 11.706         11.706
15 0.824 1.030     9.410 11.264
16 0.824 0.824 1.030   9.410 12.088
17 0.824 1.030 1.030   9.410 12.294
18 0.824 1.030     9.410 11.264
19 1.030 1.030     36.090 38.150
20 1.030 1.030     36.090 38.150
21 1.030 1.030     36.090 38.150
2nd Floor
22 1.030 1.030     36.090 38.150
23 1.030 0.824     9.410 11.264
24 0.824 1.030 0.824 0.618 9.410 12.706
25 0.618 1.030 1.030 0.824 9.410 12.912
26 1.030 1.030     9.410 11.470
27 0.618 0.824     9.410 10.852
28 0.618 0.824     9.410 10.852
The table shows the reactions from the beams (P) and from the truss. The first floor
columns carry the loads from the 2nd floors beams while the second floor columns carry the
loads from the roof beams and trusses. The number of P loads indicate the number of beams
carried by the column.
The loads are obtained from the reaction of beams from the previous chapters. To get
the total load acting on the column, we add all these loads.

Load Eccentricities

ex = 50 mm
ey = 37.5 mm

63
 ex = 0 mm
ey = 25 mm

ex = 50 mm
ey = 50 mm

To solve for the eccentricities of the forces, the contact areas of the beams are first
computed. To solve for the centroid of the areas, we use the Varignon’s theorem. We will then
know the distance of the centroid of the areas to the centroid of the column. Reaction from the
trusses are assumed to be concentric.

64
 Design Parameters
Columns
E
Axial (P)N ex (mm) ey (mm) Fb (MPa) Fc (MPa) (MPa)
1 1048.063 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
2 29674.81 0 25 24.5 15.8 9780
3 37088.24 0 25 24.5 15.8 9780
4 23215.68 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
5 15730.53 0 25 24.5 15.8 9780
6 43455.45 0 0 24.5 15.8 9780
7 57899.3 0 0 24.5 15.8 9780
1ST FLR
8 44817.47 0 25 24.5 15.8 9780
9 15850.3 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
10 29559.35 0 0 24.5 15.8 9780
11 36959.69 0 0 24.5 15.8 9780
12 23139.55 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
13 11706.23 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
14 11706.23 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
15 11264.09 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
2ND FLR
16 12088.13 0 25 24.5 15.8 9780

65
 17 12294.14 0 25 24.5 15.8 9780
18 11264.09 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
19 38150.1 0 25 24.5 15.8 9780
20 38150.1 0 0 24.5 15.8 9780
21 38150.1 0 0 24.5 15.8 9780
22 38150.1 0 25 24.5 15.8 9780
23 11264.09 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
24 12706.16 0 0 24.5 15.8 9780
25 12912.17 0 0 24.5 15.8 9780
26 11470.1 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
27 10852.07 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780
28 10852.07 50 37.5 24.5 15.8 9780

Column Properties

k
h (m) b (mm) d (mm) Ix (mm4) Iy (mm4) e le (mm)
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.6 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.6
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2

66
 3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2
3.2 250 200 166666667 260416667 1 3.2

The column used in this design is assumed to be simply supported, thus the value of k e is 1.
le is equal to ke(lu).

Length Type

le/
d le/b K J Type
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
18 14. 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE

67
 4
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
14.
18 4 16.69412 1.229339 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE
12.
16 8 16.69412 0.8781 INTERMEDIATE

Length type parameters;

le < 11, short column
11 < le < k, intermediate column
le > k, long column

68
where,
¿ −11
√
k = 0.671
E
, d
Fc j= k−11

Compressive Stress
Fc* KCE c' FCE Fce/F* Fc' (MPa)
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 9.055556 0.573136 7.63027
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658

69
 0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658
0. 0.
15.8 3 8 11.46094 0.725376 9.041658

The formula and specifications for the adjustment of the compressive stress is shown in
NSCP 2010, section 618.

Bending Stress
F'bx F'by
Cs Ck CF(x) (Mpa) CF(y) (MPa)
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138

70
 3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
3.39411 Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1
Non 1.04608 25.62900 1.02046 25.00138
3.2 e 2 7 5 1

The interaction formula is equal to,

fc f bx f by
+ + ≤1.0
F c ' F bx −J F c F by−J F c

71
 Where, fc is the compressive stress from the axial load,
Fc is the allowable and adjusted compressive stress,
fb is the actual bending stresses in x and y direction,
Fb is the allowable and adjusted bending stresses in x and y directions.

The value of the interaction formula should be less than 1 for the column to be
adequate, else redesign.

Interaction Formula

fc fbx fby F c' Fb'x Fb'y Result Remarks

0.026202 0.029477 0.039302 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.103932 OK!
0.74187 0.556403 0 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.347867 OK!
0.927206 0.695404 0 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.434772 OK!
0.580392 0.652941 0.870588 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.340973 OK!
0.393263 0.294947 0 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.184403 OK!
1.086386 0 0 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.457883 OK!
1.447483 0 0 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.610076 OK!
1.120437 0.840328 0 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.525379 OK!
0.396258 0.44579 0.594386 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.232796 OK!
0.738984 0 0 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.311462 OK!
0.923992 0 0 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.389438 OK!
0.578489 0.6508 0.867733 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.339854 OK!
0.292656 0.329238 0.438983 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.171931 OK!
0.292656 0.329238 0.438983 2.372628 25.62901 25.62901 0.171931 OK!
0.281602 0.316803 0.422403 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.142965 OK!
0.302203 0.226652 0 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.116483 OK!
0.307354 0.230515 0 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.118468 OK!
0.281602 0.316803 0.422403 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.142965 OK!
0.953753 0.715314 0 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.367619 OK!
0.953753 0 0 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.320984 OK!
0.953753 0 0 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.320984 OK!
0.953753 0.715314 0 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.367619 OK!
0.281602 0.316803 0.422403 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.142965 OK!
0.317654 0 0 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.106906 OK!
0.322804 0 0 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.108639 OK!
0.286753 0.322597 0.430129 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.14558 OK!

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 0.271302 0.305214 0.406953 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.137736 OK!
0.271302 0.305214 0.406953 2.971336 25.62901 25.62901 0.137736 OK!
3.3 Design of Connections

The main material used for the joint connections of this structure is a bolt with metal plate. All
connections are considered to be in double shear.

Figure 21. Double-Shear

(Theoretical) Figure 22. Double Shear
(Actual)

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I. Beam-Column Connection
The types of connection for beam-column depends on the number of beams which receive support
from columns. The figures below show the dimensions of the column and the dimensions to be extracted
from it.

The broken lines show the area to be extracted from the column, and to be added to the beam for
the connection.
The first type shows a column with two beams connected in it, which is usually a corner column.
The second type is a column with three beams most likely a side column. Lastly, the third type is a column
with four beams connected which is most of the time an interior column.

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 FRONT VIEW SIDE VIEW

The number of bolts is to be solved in the next sections. This figure shows the interaction that will
happen in the face of the column.

Figure 23. Beam to Column Connection

This figure shows the 3D view (X-ray form) of the connection

between the beam and column.
Beam-Girder (Beam- Beam)

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 The beam-girder connection is almost the same with beam-column. In this structure, there are only
two beam-girder connections and thus no need for type specification.

Truss-Column (Truss-Beam)

76
 This figure shows the connection of an inclined member of truss to column. Like the other
connections, this is a double shear using bolts. The rafters of the truss will be bolted to the
extended part of the column.

Figure 25. Truss to Column

Connection

77
I. Beam-Column, Beam-Beam
Process
1. Determine the vertical (shear) forces in the member ends to be connected to other members.
2. Determine the length of bolt in main member, the diameter of the bolt, and the allowable loads the
bolt could carry.
3. Compute for the number of bolts needed and spacing.

For Second Floor (Beam-Column)

Connection Type Beam L W V x Φ Q N
F4-B1 5 6.5826853 16.45671 100 16 9.84 2
C1 1
FA-B1 4 0.40068431 0.801369 100 16 9.84 1
FA-B1 4 0.40068431 0.801369 100 16 9.84 1
C2 F3-B1 2 5 11.9753195 29.9383 100 16 9.84 4
FA-B2 4 0.42320048 0.846401 100 16 9.84 1
FA-B2 4 0.42320048 0.846401 100 16 9.84 1
C3 F2-B1 2 5 14.8984245 37.24606 100 16 9.84 4
FA-B3 5 0.51162045 1.279051 100 16 9.84 1
FA-B3 5 0.51162045 1.279051 100 16 9.84 1
C4 1
F1-B1 5 9.495686 23.73922 100 16 9.84 3
F4-B1 5 6.5826853 16.45671 100 16 9.84 2
C5 F4-B2 2 5 6.5826853 16.45671 100 16 9.84 2
FB-B1 4 0.171675 0.34335 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B1 4 0.171675 0.34335 100 16 9.84 1
F3-B1 5 11.9753195 29.9383 100 16 9.84 4
C6 3
F3-B2 5 6.150751 15.37688 100 16 9.84 2
FB-B2 4 0.490749 0.981498 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B2 4 0.490749 0.981498 100 16 9.84 1
F2-B1 5 14.8984245 37.24606 100 16 9.84 4
C7 3
F2-B2 5 9.108191 22.77048 100 16 9.84 3
FB-B3 5 0.171675 0.429188 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B3 5 0.171675 0.429188 100 16 9.84 1
C8 F1-B1 2 5 9.495686 23.73922 100 16 9.84 3
F1-B2 5 9.495686 23.73922 100 16 9.84 3
F4-B2 5 6.5826853 16.45671 100 16 9.84 2
C9 1
FD-B1 4 0.43070588 0.861412 100 16 9.84 1
FD-B1 4 0.43070588 0.861412 100 16 9.84 1
F3-B2 5 6.150751 15.37688 100 16 9.84 2
C10 3
FD-B2 4 7.7678328 15.53567 100 16 9.84 2
F3-B3 3 0.27468 0.41202 100 16 9.84 1

78
 FD-B2 4 7.7678328 15.53567 100 16 9.84 2
F2-B2 5 9.108191 22.77048 100 16 9.84 3
C11 3
FD-B3 4 0.4811697 0.962339 100 16 9.84 1
F2-B3 3 0.27468 0.41202 100 16 9.84 1
FD-B3 5 0.4811697 1.202924 100 16 9.84 1
C12 2
F1-B2 5 9.495686 23.73922 100 16 9.84 3
C13 F3-B3 2 3 0.27468 0.41202 100 16 9.84 1
FE-B1 4 6.21363008 12.42726 100 16 9.84 2
F3-B2 3 0.27468 0.41202 100 16 9.84 1
C14 2
FE-B1 4 6.21363008 12.42726 100 16 9.84 2

W is the total weight carried by the beam

V is the reaction of the beam (WL/2)
x is the length of the main member of the connection
Φ is the diameter of the bolt
Q is the load perpendicular to the grain
N is the number of bolts needed for the connection. (V/Q)
*Values of x and Φ are chosen by the designer, resulting to a value of Q (from Table 6.17 NSCP 2010).

For Roof (Beam-Column)

Connection Type Beam L W V x Φ Q n
F4-B1 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C15 1
FA-B1 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
FA-B1 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
C16 F3-B1 2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
FA-B2 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
FA-B2 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
C17 F2-B1 2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
FA-B3 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
FA-B3 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C18 1
F1-B1 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
F4-B1 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C19 F4-B2 2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B1 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B1 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
C20 3
F3-B1 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1

79
 F3-B2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B2 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B2 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
F2-B1 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C21 3
F2-B2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B3 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
FB-B3 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C22 F1-B1 2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
F1-B2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
F4-B2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C23 1
FD-B1 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
FD-B1 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
F3-B2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C24 3
FD-B2 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
F3-B3 3 0.41202 0.61803 100 16 9.84 1
FD-B2 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
F2-B2 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C25 3
FD-B3 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
F2-B3 3 0.41202 0.61803 100 16 9.84 1
FD-B3 5 0.6867 1.71675 100 16 9.84 1
C26 2
F1-B2 5 0.54936 1.3734 100 16 9.84 1
F3-B3 3 0.41202 0.61803 100 16 9.84 1
C27 2
FE-B1 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
F3-B2 3 0.41202 0.61803 100 16 9.84 1
C28 2
FE-B1 4 0.54936 1.09872 100 16 9.84 1
Connection Beam L W V X Φ Q n
F3-B2 5 2.406962 6.017404 100 16 9840 1
FC-B1
F2-B2 5 2.406962 6.017404 100 16 9840 1

Beam-Beam (2nd Floor Only)

80
 II. Truss-Column, Truss-Beam
Determine the vertical (shear) forces in the member ends to be connected to other members.

1. Determine the length of bolt in main member, the diameter of the bolt, and the allowable loads the
bolt could carry.
2. Compute for the number of bolts needed and spacing.

Truss-Column

Connection Type A x Φ P Q Ѳ (rad) cosѲ sinѲ R n

AB 45.678 100 16 14.2 9.84 0.4636 0.8944 0.4472 13.0441 4
C1 1
AC 40.451 100 16 0 9.84 - 1 0 9.8400 5
FG 2.603 100 16 0 9.84 - 1 0 9.8400 1
EG C5 2 28.371 100 16 14.2 0 - 0 1 14.2000 2
IG 28.371 100 16 14.2 0 - 0 1 14.2000 2
JL 45.678 100 16 14.2 9.84 0.4636 0.8944 0.4472 13.0441 4
C9 1
KL 40.451 100 16 0 9.84 - 1 0 9.8400 5

A is the axial for from the truss member

x is the length of the main member of the connection
Φ is the diameter of the bolt
P is the load perpendicular to the grain
Q is the load perpendicular to the grain
R is the resultant of P and Q (Using Hankinson’s Formula)
PQ
R= 2 2
P sin Ѳ+Qcos Ѳ
N is the number of bolts needed for the connection. (V/R)
*Values of x and Φ are chosen by the designer, resulting to a value of P and Q (from Table 6.17 NSCP
2010).
*THIS DESIGN APPLIES TO ALL TRUSSES OF THE STRUCTURE WHOSE MEMBER/S IS/ARE
CONNECTED TO A COLUMN.

81
 Truss-Beam

Connection Type A x Φ P Q Ѳ (rad) cosѲ sinѲ R n

AB 45.678 100 16 14.2 9.84 0.4636 0.8944 0.4472 13.0441 4
FA-B1 1
AC 40.451 100 16 0 9.84 - 1 0 9.8400 5
FG 2.603 100 16 0 9.84 - 1 0 9.8400 1
EG FB-B1 2 28.371 100 16 14.2 0 - 0 1 14.2000 2
IG 28.371 100 16 14.2 0 - 0 1 14.2000 2
JL 45.678 100 16 14.2 9.84 0.4636 0.8944 0.4472 13.0441 4
FD-B1 1
KL 40.451 100 16 0 9.84 - 1 0 9.8400 5

A is the axial for from the truss member

x is the length of the main member of the connection
Φ is the diameter of the bolt
P is the load perpendicular to the grain
Q is the load perpendicular to the grain
R is the resultant of P and Q (Using Hankinson’s Formula)
PQ
R= 2 2
P sin Ѳ+Qcos Ѳ
N is the number of bolts needed for the connection. (V/R)
*Values of x and Φ are chosen by the designer, resulting to a value of P and Q (from Table 6.17 NSCP
2010).

*THIS DESIGN APPLIES TO ALL TRUSSES OF THE STRUCTURE WHOSE MEMBER/S IS/ARE
CONNECTED TO A BEAM.

82
 CHAPTER 4. DESIGN SCHEDULES AND SUMMARY

4.1. Joists

  Computed Actual
  b d b d o.c.
Ground Floor
S-1 100 170 100 220 400
S-2 100 170 100 220 400
S-3 100 220 100 220 400
S-4 100 170 100 220 400
S-5 100 170 100 220 400
S-6 100 220 100 220 400
S-7 100 130 100 220 400
Second Floor
S-1 100 170 100 220 400
S-2 100 170 100 220 400
S-3 100 220 100 220 400
S-4 100 170 100 220 400
S-5 100 70 100 220 400
S-6 100 220 100 220 400
400
S-7 100 140 100 220

83
4.2. Beam/Girder Schedule

Computed Actual   Computed Actual

  b d b d   b d b d
Ground Floor Second Floor
F4-B1 200 340 100 420 F4-B1 200 300 200 390
F3-B1 200 420 100 420 F3-B1 200 360 200 390
F2-B1 200 410 100 420 F2-B1 200 390 200 390
F1-B1 200 340 100 420 F1-B1 200 330 200 390
F4-B2 200 340 100 420 F4-B2 200 300 200 390
F3-B2 200 420 100 420 F3-B2* 200 290 200 390
F2-B2 200 410 100 420 F2-B2* 200 330 200 390
F1-B2 200 340 100 420 F1-B2 200 330 200 390
FD-B2 200 210 100 220 FC-B1 200 170 200 170
FE-B1 200 220 100 220 FD-B2 200 250 200 250
FA-B1 200 100 100 120 FE-B1 200 240 200 250
FA-B2 200 90 100 120 FA-B1 200 90 200 120
FA-B3 200 110 100 120 FA-B2 200 90 200 120
FB-B1 200 100 100 120 FA-B3 200 120 200 120
FB-B2 200 100 100 120 FB-B1 200 100 200 120
FB-B3 200 100 100 120 FB-B2 200 100 200 120
FD-B1 200 90 100 120 FB-B3 200 100 200 120
FD-B3 200 120 100 120 FD-B1 200 90 200 120
FD-B3 200 120 200 120

84
4.3. Columns

Computed Actual   Computed Actual

  b d b d   b d b d
1st - 2nd Floor 2nd Flr - Roof
1 250 200 250 250 15 250 200 250 250
2 250 200 250 250 16 250 200 250 250
3 250 200 250 250 17 250 200 250 250
4 250 200 250 250 18 250 200 250 250
5 250 200 250 250 19 250 200 250 250
6 250 200 250 250 20 250 200 250 250
7 250 200 250 250 21 250 200 250 250
8 250 200 250 250 22 250 200 250 250
9 250 200 250 250 23 250 200 250 250
10 250 200 250 250 24 250 200 250 250
11 250 200 250 250 25 250 200 250 250
12 250 200 250 250 26 250 200 250 250
13 250 200 250 250 27 250 200 250 250
14 250 200 250 250 28 250 200 250 250

85
 APPENDIX - REFERENCES

Books

 Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines. National Structural Code of the Philippines
2010. Quezon City, Philippines: Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.
 Aghaveree, A. & Vigil, J. Structural and Wood Design – A Practice-Oriented Approach Using the
ASD Method.

Websites

 http://www.bca.gov.sg/publications/BuildabilitySeries/others/prh_s2.pdf
 http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/P6/enotes/CV61/Beams-GS.pdf
 http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35285/wood-as-a-building-material-its-benefits-and-
disadvanta-.html
 www.google.com

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