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Non-Infectious Diseases and Disease Prevention
Non-Infectious Diseases and Disease Prevention
24 Non-infectious diseases
and disease prevention
24.1 Non-infectious diseases (Book 3, p. 24-3)
1 What is cancer?
Cell division is normally well controlled by certain segments of the (3) _______________ in
cells. However, when (4) _______________ occur in these segments, cell division may
become over-stimulated or may never be inhibited. This produces a mass of abnormal cells
called a (5) _______________ (腫瘤).
Some tumours are (6) _______________ (良性). Their cells do not spread to other tissues and
are rarely life-threatening.
benign tumour
(7) _______________
_______________
blood vessel
▲ A benign tumour
Other tumours are (8) _______________ (惡性) and they are what we call cancer. Cancer cells
invade and destroy nearby tissues.
cell with
mutations
1 Due to mutations, one cell
begins to
blood vessel
malignant tumour
tumour
cancer cell
cancer cell
2 Due to further mutations, 3 The malignant tumour destroys
one tumour cell has an nearby tissues and develops its own
increasing tendency to divide
and becomes (14) _____________ _____________.
Some cancer cells may enter the
a (13) _______________ cell. bloodstream.
cancer cell
new malignant
tumour
Remove the tumour and It is not suitable for cancers that have
Surgery
nearby tissues by surgery. (15) _______________.
Use high-energy
It may also kill the nearby normal cells
Radiotherapy (16) _______________
or induce (17) _______________ in
(放射治療) (e.g. X-ray or gamma ray) to
them.
kill cancer cells.
ii) Ageing
The incidence (發病率) of cancer is higher in the older age group because:
- older people have had a longer time for mutations to (21) _______________ to a level
that cancer develops
- the (22) _______________ _______________ (免疫系統) of older people is weaker and
less effective in destroying cancer cells.
4 Prevention of cancer
Reducing exposure to carcinogens and adopting healthy lifestyles can help prevent cancer.
For example:
- Wear (32) _______________ _______________, gloves and protective clothing when
handling construction materials with asbestos.
- Wear sun protection.
- Exercise regularly.
reduced blood
normal blood flow blood flow cannot flow
through blood clot
new blood
direction of vessel
blood flow
direction of plaque coronary artery
blood flow
▲ How coronary bypass surgery works blood to reach the (47) _______________
muscles
ii) Ageing
As people age, their blood vessels constrict and become less (49) _______________. Thus,
older people are more likely to develop coronary heart disease.
Too little or no insulin is produced because Body cells are (63) _______________ to
Major
the (62) _______________-secreting cells insulin.
cause
in the pancreas are destroyed.
The blood glucose level of patients with diabetes mellitus becomes very high, especially
(65) _______________ (before / after) a meal.
The high blood glucose level, over time, can cause severe damage to the
(66) _______________ _______________ of the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves, etc.
(1) _______________ (免疫) is the process of inducing immunity (免疫性) to a disease in the
body.
Immunity can be induced via a (2) _______________ (疫苗).
The focus of community health (社區健康) is the protection and improvement of health of the
whole (6) _______________.
Community health can be promoted by:
- (7) _______________ (篩選), which is the identification of apparently healthy people who
may have a previously undiagnosed disease or who may be at risk of a disease
- (8) _______________ _______________ (疾病監察), which involves the identification of
current incidence and trends of disease
- (9) _______________ _______________ (健康教育), which includes educating the public
about the benefits of adopting healthy lifestyles and preventive measures.
24.1
24.2