Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

Chapter 27 Civilizations in Crisis: The Ottoman Empire, the Islamic Heartlands, and Qing
China - Bagnell

1. What was the Taiping Rebellion?

From Empire to Nation: Ottoman Retreat and the Birth of Turkey

2. List the weaknesses associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century.

3. Why did the positions of the artisans deteriorate?

4. What about merchants (economy) within the empire. Describe

5. Which European power seized territories of the Ottoman Empire in the early 18 th century?

6. Who came to power in the late 1700s and was a main threat to the Ottoman’s survival?

7. What was the first region to win independence after centuries of Ottoman rule?

8. By 1870, the Ottoman Empire had been driven where?

Reform and Survival

9. What was the British concern of the Ottoman Empire?

1
 Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

10. Who was Sultan Selim III and what were his reforms? What happened to him?

11. What did Mahmud II succeed in doing?

12. How did Mahmud II pattern his reforms?

13. List the Tanzimat Reforms

14. What year was the constitution introduced as part of the Tanzimat Reforms?

15. Who particularly suffered as part of these reforms?

16. What if any, were improvements of women as a result of the reforms?

Repression and Revolt

17.What did Abdul Hamid do to roll back the Tanzimat Reforms?

18. What did Abdul Hamid continue to press for to increase westernization?

19. What did the Ottoman Society for Union and Progress accomplish?

20. What reform was restored from the coup in the Ottoman Empire in 1908?

21. What European power did the Ottomans contest to control Libya?

2
 Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

22. What was the relationship of the Young Turks and the Arabs of the Ottoman Empire after the coup of
1908?

Muhammad Ali and the Failure of Westernization in Egypt

23. Who invaded Egypt in 1798?

24. What were Napoleon’s motives to invade?

25. What Islamic group did Napoleon’s forces meet that ruled Egypt in 1798?

26. Who was Murad?

27. What ruler succeeded in establishing his dominance over Egypt?

28. List reforms introduced in Egypt after 1801:

29. Why was Muhammad Ali unable to overthrow the Ottoman Empire?

30. Which reform was a failure of Muhammad Ali?

31.What are khedives?

Bankruptcy, European Intervention, and Strategies of Resistance

32. Why did European financiers lend money to the successors of Ali? Name 2 reasons

33. What two thinkers urged the adoption of western science and technology?

3
 Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

34. Who was Ahmad Arabi?

35. What was a result of the rebellion by Egyptian officers in 1882?

Jihad: The Mahdist Revolt in the Sudan

36. What was Khartoum?

37. Why did Muhammad Ahmed claim leadership of Sudanic resistance to Egyptian rule?

38. What happened to Khalifa Abdallahi at the Battle of Omdurman in 1898?

The Last Dynasty: The rise and fall of the Qing Empire in China

39. Who was Nurhaci and what was his accomplishment?

40. What name did the Manchu dynasty take?

41. What would you say about or how would you describe the Manchu government?

Economy and Society in the Early Centuries of Qing Rule

42. What were some of the strongest reform measures the Manchus took after conquering China?

4
 Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

43. Why did the Manchu regime have little success in its efforts at reform?

44. Who were the compradors?

Rot from Within: Bureau tic Breakdown and Social Disintegration

45. What were the signs that the Qing regime was in decline by the late 18 th century?

46. Why did thousands of peasants die of starvation and disease?

47. What started to happen as the condition of the peasantry deteriorated?

Barbarians at the Southern Gates: The Opium War and After

48. What made England have an advantage over the large China population?

49. For centuries what had British merchants exported from China?

50. What did British merchants find to trade that increased silver bullion?

5
 Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

51. What were the Opium Wars?

52. What was the impact of the British opium trade in China?

53. Who was Lin Zexu?

54. What was the outcome of the Opium Wars?

55. What was most humiliating for the Chinese?

A Civilization at Risk: Rebellion and Failed Reforms

56. What was the Taiping Rebellion?

57. What was the main cause of the Taiping’s defeat?

58. Describe the political and social position of the Manchu rulers at the end of the 19h century:

59. What was the Boxer Rebellion?

6
 Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

The Fall of the Qing and the Rise of Chinese Nationalists Alternative

60. Why did the underground organizations fail?

61. Who was Sun Yat-sun?

62. Who was the last emperor of China to form a republic and in what year?

63. What came under criticism in the early 20th century?

Topic 6.1 page 366 AMSCO

1. Read and answer: What ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism between 1750-
1900? (be sure to include examples of cultural, religious and economic motives)

6.2 Page 375 AMSCO

1. Give 3-4 specific examples of imperialism in Africa:

7
Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

2. Give 3 examples of imperialism in Asia

3. Give 3 examples of US imperialism in Latin America and the Pacific

Topic 6.3 page 388

Read : How and why did internal and external factors influence state building between 1750-1900?
Give examples

Balkans-

Cherokee Nation and Indian Removal Act-

8
 Industrialization & Western Global Hegemony 1750-1914: Civilizations in Crisis- Middle East & China

Ghost Dance-

Tupac Amaru-

Indian National Congress-

Philippine Resistance (Philippine Revolution, Spanish American War)

New Zealand and the Maori-

Xhosa of South Africa -