Feasibility Study & Needs Assessment

for Floating Waste Bank concept

Indonesia part

DRAFT 1
Cordaid – Floating City Apps

Prepared by
Wulan N.D. Pusponegoro
The following are the findings in the villages community visited in Jakarta. The communities
are separated into:

Communities with Waste Bank (Bank Sampah):

1. RW 7, Kelurahan Lenteng Agung, Bank Sampah Sehati

2. RW 9, Kelurahan Lenteng Agung, Bank Sampah Mekarsari

Communities without Waste Bank:

1. KPC Kramat Jati, Kelurahan

2. KPC Rawajati

The next part is interview with established waste bank: Bank Sampah Malang and private
sectors; two Dutch construction companies: Witteveen+Bos and RHDHV.

Bank Sampah Sehati, Kelurahan Lenteng Agung, RW 7

Waste Bank supported by Coca-Cola, under assistance by the BSK.

Participant: Hilman Chief of RT 5 RW 7, advisor to BS;

Organizing comittee: 3 ladies + 1 man (all ladies are also members of PKK)

Observation
This community is not an ultra-poor community. The Abbreviation & terminology
members’ socio-econ status is visible from the type and
location of houses and vehicles that they own. All of the Kelurahan: Village / Urban village
houses are permanent, made of bricks and cement. The RW (Rukun Warga) : Hamlet
houses near the main street are generally larger and RT (Rukun Tetangga):
better maintained, some of them own cars, and most of Neighberhood.
the community members own one or two motorcycles.
RT is the smallest government
The rest of the houses are in the alleyways, some houses administrative level.
are in very steep parts going to the Ciliwung
embankment. The occupation of the people range from One RT consist of maximum 50
bus drivers to tradesmen to sailors. Their income is household. There are no fixed
starting from 8 USD per day. The alleyway houses are number of RT in one RW.
smaller and they only have a porch, without garage or
gardening space. The toilets are inside the houses, each
house have their own toilet / shower space. All houses
are with electricity, gas and water. In Indonesia gas (for cooking) is sold in tanks instead of
through piping.

The houses near the riverbank are most prone to floods. Near the riverbank there are
banners warning the people of the penalty if they are caught throwing waste in the river. The
area near the river banks are filled with dried-up trash – mostly plastic- that was stuck on the
trees and land during floods. The government is already placing a 10 meter mark from the
river bank to the land, denoting areas that should be cleared off any building. The
government will then construct a pathway along the 10 meter area.
It’s common that children are playing and swimming in the river.

Hilman, advisor of the wastebank and

the committee organizers of Bank
Sampah Sehati in the house of the lady
on the right.

Houses in the alleways House on the steep road towards the river

Ciliwung River accessible by very steep Children playing and swimming

pathway
Banner forbading the people to throw A concrete bak to burn waste
waste in the river

Interview summary:

At this waste bank, created just a few months ago, member rise quite significantly from 20 to
85 because of the active socialization by WB organizer. At the beginning only 4 RT
participated in waste bank, but now they opened up the activity to all RT within RW 07. They
will accommodate all interested party, and they teach community to segregate the waste
especially the plastic bottles to increase the economic value can be gained.

The main obstacle in starting-up the waste bank is: no space, until finally one chief RT
volunteers to provide the space, and then the committee in RW 9 and RW 7, Kelurahan
Lenteng Agung was created. The second obstacle is the community at first think it would be
smelly, however after explaining that the waste collected are dry waste, the community
agreed. The capital seed at the beginning is from the committee. The saung / space for
waste bank is from BSK (donor: Coca-Cola).

The third obstacle is the 3 waste service staff (civil servant from the gov). Prior to WB they
pick up trash from 4 RT 10, 9, 11, 12. The bottles are given to them, where they will earn
from the lapaks. After the WB, their extra income is reduced. The WB committee wanted to
recruit them, however the 3 staff are quite busy with their job. In the end the community
member will save some plastic bottles for these staffs.

From 14 RT, some still throw waste to the river, but since there is the P4IP program from the
government, RW 7,4,3 bought a motorbak to pick up trash, RW 8 bought a waste incinerator.
The WB rent the motorbak for Rp 50.000 per use.

According to Hilman, he read in the news that DKI Jakarta is still missing 3000 trash trucks.
When Hilman first became the chief RT, the community members were still throwing waste
into the Ciliwung river. He managed a trash collecting service for the community and
collected Rp. 15.000 per household for the fee. Hilman also encouraged the same service in
other RTs. 1 community member from the other RT was upset and threatened him with a
machete. Members from other RT sometimes will throw their trash to Hilman’s RT in the
middle of the night to avoid paying fees. But now they are in good terms with each other, and
the community rarely throw waste in the river anymore, except for one kind of trash: diapers.
They still feel it’s very hard to obtain trash bins from the fovernment, they request for 10 and
only receive 1 per RT, so they buy with their own initiative.

They want to make a forecast of waste collection fluctuation and the type of waste that is
most frequently deposited. So they can make an open board of the prices, where all
members can see.

The behavior change in the family for example is the husbands brings home empty plastic
bottle of oil or drinks. The committee have its own initiative to learn crafting from waste, and
then they teach this skill to the other PKK ladies. The women committee feels lucky to have
Iwan (a male committee member) that helps them out in collecting the waste. They have
plans to make urban vegetables garden next to the waste bank.

The trash is picked up by the committee with door-to-door system, because they are either
too lazy or shy carrying trash. However it is expected that after they received the benefits,
the shyness or the prestige feeling will subside. The savings book is kept by the committee
since the member sometimes forget.

The WB has 2 lapak partners (waste agent). 1 material fluctuating is corrugated cardbox /
carton. Most of the members deposit these cartons since there are plenty of warung (small
shops). Pocari brand bottles are more expensive compared to other drink bottles; the selling
price is up to Rp 14.000 (EUR 0.9) per KG.

Keroncong is assorted trash material. The lapaks do not want to pick up, as they are more
busy using their vehicles to sell to the factories in Tangerang, a satellite city of Jakarta.

RT1 of RW 7 is supported by Unilever (not under BSK), already famous and had won awards
for the environmental projects, such as producing odorless liquid fertilizer by using red sugar
(palm sugar).

Bank Sampah Mekarsari, Kelurahan Lenteng agung, RW 9

A community of municipality trash collector service.

There are 5 committee organizers. The chief: Maman.

Observation
Similar to the RW 7, this community is not an ultra-poor community. All of the house head
works for the SUDIN Kebersihan (Cleaning Service Agency of DKI Jakarta). Most of the
houses are similar in type, made of bricks and cement. Some of the member has cars. The
neighborhood itself is very clean; they have several waste bins available. The front side of
the neighborhood serves as parking place of trash trucks.

The empty area near the riverbank is often used as a place of gathering when important
people came, either for socialization or to implement a new project.

The communities’ Waste Bank’s crafting activity is quite successful, most of the members
can create various handicraft such as bags, tissue holders, candy bowl, and even Christmas
tree out of old newspapers. The ladies are very enthusiastic about new designs that they can
learn.
 Maman and Yuli, committee
organizers of WB

Community housing Member and their handicraft

Handicraft made of old newspaper Parking space in front of the housing

Community housing at the back “Pier” on the riverbank

Interview summary:

Per week per house the WB members are able to collect up to 6 kg of waste from their own
household. The main activity of the ladies (the wives) are creating handicraft out of the dry
waste. The mayor has acknowledged their activities by visiting their center.

WB was created before 2014, but it was stagnant, as it was only focused on composting
activity. They had a machine but no fund for maintenance. Kelurahan ask that it is
reactivated with the support of BSK and SUDIN Kebersihan. It started again in June 2014.
They started segregating waste with economic value.

They collaborate with lapaks nearby, they are searching for lapaks that can do pick-ups but
haven’t found one yet. According to Maman if there are more Waste Banks, the lapaks will
be quite happy as they do not need to “take care”of individual trash-pickers which usually are
given working capital by the lapaks. These trash-pickers can then shift job to waste
segregators. Prices are still controlled by the lapaks so WB do not have bargaining power.
He suggested making an association of WB. They do not have space to “hold” the waste,
thus they cannot increase the price of the segregated waste.

Only 1 house is still very near the riverbank. There is a “pier” on the riverbank in this
community; boat is available from the Fire Department or the SAR team. There are nets
installed by the municipality to catch the trash in the stream, however 1 of them is broken.
The netted trash is then manually collected with human hand. There is a saung (shack / hut
for gathering) nearby and also a wastewater machine.

KPMJ (Kelompok Petani Masyarakat Jakarta / Jakarta Citizen Farmers Group) –

Ciliwung and KPC (Kelompok Pecinta Ciliwung / Ciliwung Lovers Group) – Kramat
Jati, Jakarta Timur

And KPC Rawajati (right across the river)

Contact person: Babe Umar Fauzi, BSK Facilitator: Mbak Pipit & Mas Is

The KPMJ and KPC organize an Ecotour of Ciliwung river, where the community can tour the
river by boat for free to other KPC center. There are several KPC saungs (huts) along the
Ciliwung river, from Puncak area (hillside) through Bogor, Depok and Jakarta. The KPC also
conducts socialization on the importance of clean river, environmental and nature education,
all free for public. Their activities are supported by the government through the BPLHD
(Regional Environmental Agency).

When we visited the saung, there was an education of local animals by a nature NGO. The
KPMJ plants hundreds of trees along the riverbank, some for example the Salak Condet tree.
The trees are sponsored by various NGO projects, however most of them are destroyed
during floods.

Observation

The saung / hut

Trash and bamboos stuck in the middle of

the river. Currently the water is calm.

The saung, flood came up to the top most
black rope mark. About 6 meters from the
river basin, 3 meters from the surface.
Along the Ciliwung walking to the left (west)
of the Saung, many trees and vegetation
such as bamboo, banana tree. The river is
about 30M wide, but still considered not wide
enough.
 House construction destroyed due to flood

The rubber boat, with 25 PK motor Waste burning by the cleaning service agent

Houses & fish ponds by the river Some are made of bricks, some are made
with wooden planks or CI sheets

On floods, plenty of trash will get stuck here.

Kalibata bridge, lying very low, only 1 meter
Obstacles on the course of the river include
from the surface
big rocks
Interview summary

Babe started activities in Ciliwung since 2004 for his love of nature. The first activity is
conservation of the Salak Condet tree (a local fruit) and Duku tree. The farmers near
Ciliwung basin are under a lot of economic pressure. They used to own from 1000 to 5000
meter square however the land tax increases highly and they cannot afford it since the crop
yield are affected by the flood.

There are 5 KPCs along this area of Ciliwung: Kramat Jati, Rawajati, Pejaten, Kalibata and
Muara, subsidized by BPLHD. Only Ciliwung and Cisadane, and Banjir Kanal Timur are able
to be floated by boat. Other rivers like Krukut or Pesanggrahan are either too small or there
are plenty of obstacles such as low lying bridges. The government plans to finish the
pedestrian walk of 10 M from the riverbank in 2016.

Back years ago there were more bamboo trees alongside the river, however floods took
entire grove of it, and thus plenty of bamboo fell in and stuck in the river. Because the
Kalibata Bridge is to low it made the bamboo and waste congestion worse. When it floods
the water will stay for 1 day, causing tree roots to decay, this is the cause of trees easily
falling to the river and crops not producing.

Dinas PU Air (Agency of the Water Public Works Department) apparently have a future plan
to run cleaning service boats, cleaning the rivers of trash and bamboo trunks and provide a
space for Temporary Landfill Space, (TPS), a facility that’s missing in the neighborhood. The
absence of TPS forces the cleaning service agency to dispose of the waste in a non-
environmentally friendly manner: by burning the trash.

From KPC Tanjung Barat to Cililitan –a 7 KM stretch- with a motor boat, it will take around
two hours to travel. [From Depok to Manggarai with a bamboo raft takes 1.5 days]. It takes
1L of gasoline per KM if the boat goes against the current.

The boat crews are very young volunteers, of about 15-17 year old. They like to go online,
visit social media through their mobilephones and smartphones, although they go to the
cybercafé also to play games, not browsing.

In Rawajati, the saung next to the waste burning area was displaced during the last flood.

Modus Operandi (Technical aspect)

Looking at the villages / kampungs from 2 in Lenteng Agung to Kramat Jati to Rawajati, it is
clear that these urban villages are not exactly slums. All three have similar aspects in their
housing conditions and socio-economic level of the people. Using the FCA modus operandi
for studying slums the findings are:

LAND

1. Flooding
All three areas are prone to flood, but more so to the ones in Kramat Jati and
 Rawajati where their trees and crops are at risk.

2. Topography
Only the areas very near to the river bank standing at low elevation are the ones
at risk. In the KPC areas (of Kramat Jati and Rawajati) the saungs / huts are not
flood resilient, thus it gets destroyed or moved by the force of the flood. Some of
the bricks and mortar building are made by masons, perhaps without proper
constructions. The non-permanent building are most likely built without proper
scientific construction. Ground water extraction is going on in all areas.

3. Networks
The roads to the houses near the riverbanks are always alleyways, not
accessible by cars, only by motorbikes or walking. Some are cement /
concrete roads, but mostly on the riverbank it’s just bare land. Pedestrian
routes are planned to be constructed along the river by the government.
Water transportation is sometimes used to cross the river. There are pollution
from waste burning activities.

4. Density
The houses are quite dense and close to each other going downhill, as in
Lenteng Agung. In Kramat Jati the density is low as there are more trees and
farm lands than houses. They do have space, but the space is constantly
flooded, thus they do not build on it.

5. Housing conditon
The locations of these villages are in the south part of Jakarta. Kramat Jati
and Rawajati are very close to the Central Market. There are no plans of
eviction, except the buildings that stands on the 10 meter mark. All of the
houses have legal standings (land and house owners have certificates).
Materials used are bricks and cement, with proper airflow, windows and
doors. Latrines are inside the houses. The village of RW 09 Lenteng Agung
has a waste water machine, treating the water before it goes to the river.

Some houses in Rawajati are made of bamboos and wood planks

The saungs are made of bamboos, there are plenty bamboo trees available.

6. Social Infrastructure
a. There is a strong sense of community in each of the villages, however unity
and understanding must be built with patience and unwavering effort from the
agents of change.
b. Basic facilities are present (schools, clinics, latrines, showers). Construction
are mostly resilient except the saungs and some non-permanent housing.
The one missing facility is the TPS (Temporary Waste Landfill).
c. NGOs and government are involved in community based activities

WATER
7. Width x Depth
a. Ciliwung’s width is around 30 M there is space for navigation and the water
flow is adequate.
 b. All the trash going through the river for decades is changing the basin of the
river, however dredging has been done along the Ciliwung.
c. Depth is about 3 M, but it depends on the seasonality and water volume that
flows during rain, especially rain in Bogor and Puncak.
d. Huge rocks are a big obstacle to run a boat course

8. Water Living Height x Water-Living Distance

a. 80% of the houses are on the safe height. Water is not less accessible as
people just need to walk not so far away to the river.
b. Land subsidence is not an issue in the south part of Jakarta, neither is sea
level rise.
c. In the future most likely strengthening walls and pedestrian walk will be
constructed along the Ciliwung. At these parts of the river – in the south
where it’s still green and full with trees – it is unlikely that sheet piles will be
placed.
9. Velocity x Waves x Level Variations
a. During the visit the velocity is quite calm, however hearing descriptions from
the sources; the flow can rush drastically when there is a “flood package from
the hillside”.
b. The same can be said on the waves, however this is a river so the waves are
not so prominent
c. Level variations can be quite dramatic. The last flood of 1 month prior to the
visit was up to 3 meters from the current river surface, or 6 meters from the
base of the river.
d. If the water is in a high position, then the water surface will be in contact with
the Kalibata Bridge, and plenty of trash and bamboo trunks will be trapped on
the bridge frame.

COMPARISON

Building on Land VS Building on Water

Bad Workable Favourable Bad Doable Favourable

Flooding Width
Network
Space / Open space Depth
but constantly
density flooded Velocity Must
test*
Waves

Level Can be
quite
Var
high
Water
Liv
Height
Water In some
parts it’s
Land
steep to
Access get to
the
riverbank

To see water velocity on other season in Ciliwung please see this video:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Oyg0Yb2DNJY Fast forward to minute 06:40 to see the
velocity and 15:08 to see the real slum in Condet area
Bank Sampah Malang

Contact person: Rahmat Hidayat, Director Bank Sampah Malang & Civil Servant under the
Agency of Parks and Cemetery.

Bank Sampah Malang is the largest waste bank in Indonesia located in Malang City, East
Java. Their operations right now are fully independent; they cover the entire city of Malang,
with 24.000 individual customers. The main mission of BSM is to create an environmental
awareness in the minds of the people. Their activities are supported by the PLN (National
Electricity Company), however the operational side is covered by the revenues from waste
bank. The BSM has raise the standards of the waste industry and control prices within the
city. They cooperate with the lapaks and with individual trash-pickers.

Rahmat has future plans to create a National Waste Bank. He will gladly support FWB if it
were to be implemented in Indonesia

Observation
The office of Bank Sampah Malang is located in front of the Christian Cemetery, as it is a
part of the agency’s service. It is an old colonial Dutch building with a large lobby area, fitted
with screen projectors and speakers for workshops. The office is frequently visited by tourist
and public who want to learn about waste banking. Their accounting is supported by an IT
system, although not all operating procedures are integrated with the IT system. (Weighing
is still manual, not connected to the system).

They have 24 staffs with 4 operational trucks, two chipping machines, two washing facility
and drying machine for the plastic chips. The waste bank is able to churn 1 Ton of plastic
chip each day to be sold to recycling industry. They are running out of space for storage and
have plans to expand.

Next to their office is an example of an environmentally friendly urban village. It is

completely clean and full with greeneries. The mindset of the community there is pro-
environment, 3R and waste bank. This WB is truly an example of a successful social
business model.

Lobby of the BSM, serves also as teller and

learning area. Rahmat explaining. Storage space for the sorted waste
 Plastic waste segregation - manual
Operational truck

Washing area Example of receipt and passbook

Wall with examples of waste and SOPs

The clean urban village next to the BSM
Private Sector

Discussion with Victor Coenen, Country Representative, Witteveen+Bos

Victor previously worked in the waste management sector in Central Eastern Europe; he
understood very well the supply chain of waste industry. He sees great opportunity for the
Floating Waste Bank to operate in Indonesia. From his observation he saw the biggest
problem at the pumps in Pluit, north of Jakarta are the invaluable waste; such as diapers,
coconut shells and organic sludge material. [This is coherent with the story from Hilman of
Lenteng Agung, RW 7 where he observe the people still throw diapers to the river].

Victor’s main concern is the 70 percent of household waste that is organic, and how to turn
that into valuable material. He proposes goat farming next to the waste banks, as goats are
able to eat from organic waste, and there is no shortage of demand for goats, since
Indonesia observes the Idul Adha (Muslim day of Sacrifice, where goats and cows are
slaughtered and the meat is given for free for the poor).

An interesting point he made is, he observe Indonesia’s middle class population that is
growing in size and purchasing power. [BCG reported in 2013 there are about 74 million
middle-class and affluent consumer in the country and it will double in 2020]. These middle-
class population are the necessary ingredient for a successful change-making program,
because they will be the ones taking action. Victor thinks that the middle-class will be much
more aware and are feeling the pressure to create change themselves, unlike the high-class
that can get away from the country easily to escape the negative pressure of living in the
country, or the poor who can’t think of anything except the means of living for the next day or
next week.

W+B offers technical assistance in-kind for any needs that we might have to strengthen the
proposal of FWB.

Discussions with Fons van Oosterhout, Operations Manager Rivers Deltas & Coast
Indonesia, RHDHV

Fons is the innovation person in RHDHV, his background is in NGO Terre des Hommes. He
was also interested in the FWB concept, although currently RHDHV has more focus on food
security issues in Indonesia. Their current project is a crowdsourcing platform on how to
tackle the challenge of Next Generation Farming in Indonesia, this project is a collaboration
with IUCN, FMO, Agri Pro Focus and Enviu.

He is very much open for a collaboration with Cordaid on food security issues from the angle
of flood mitigation / DRR.
Conclusions

The urban villages that were visited in Jakarta were inhabited by poor society albeit not the
ultra-poor wetslum communities. The main reason of this selection is that our local NGO
partner BSK realizes the government is planning to relocate all the illegal slum communities
along all rivers and canals in Jakarta. Evictions and relocations have started in the north
parts of Jakarta. One of BSK’s working area in Marunda will also be affected by this plan. All
the residents are relocated to a nearby affordable apartment.

It is recommended that we do not work in illegal settlement areas such as Kampung Pulo as
the developments made might just be futile. By working at urban village with a clear legal
status, we will not be obstructing the plans of the municipality, in fact we can gain their
support easily and making sure that the development program is carried out long term.

From the business side, the infrastructure and mindset of the people are ready to accept
Floating Waste Bank. They already recognize waste bank as an environmental activity and
easily understand the process. The existence of BSM as an exemplary waste bank may also
help the construction of FWB.

The KPC Kramat Jati and Rawajati is quite an ideal place to conduct the FWB pilot, as the
community there needs an alternative for the saungs / huts that are flood resilient. Although
testing of endurance of the FCA units against water levels and velocity.

Futher comparison to Bangladesh will be presented in the final Report.