MOMENTUM

TRANSFER

ENGR. ERIC R. HALABASO

Overall Momentum
Balance

ENGR. ERIC R. HALABASO

OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE
✓ Recall:
Momentum, p
𝑝 = 𝑚𝑣
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion
Σ𝐹 = 𝑚𝑎
OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE
Conservation of momentum
@control volume
Rate of Rate of Rate of
Sum of
Forces = Momentum - Momentum + Accumulation
Out In Momentum

@ΣF
1. Fg – body force
2. Fp – pressure force
3. Fs – friction force
4. R – solid surface force
OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE IN FLOW SYSTEM
IN ONE DIRECTION
Consider the conduit below with fluid flowing in
steady-state:

𝐹𝑔 + 𝐹𝑝 + 𝐹𝑠 + 𝑅 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣1
@ One Direction
𝐹𝑥𝑔 + 𝐹𝑥𝑝 + 𝐹𝑥𝑠 + 𝑅𝑥 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣1
OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE IN FLOW SYSTEM
IN ONE DIRECTION
Sample Problem

Gasoline is flowing through a horizontal nozzle at a rate of 0.05 ft3/s and discharges to
the atmosphere. Frictional forces are negligible in the nozzle. The inside diameter in the
upstream is 0.075 ft and the downstream 0.045 ft. The density of gasoline is 780 kg/m3.
Calculate the resultant force on the nozzle. The flow is turbulent.
OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE IN FLOW SYSTEM
IN ONE DIRECTION
Sample Problem
OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE IN FLOW SYSTEM
IN ONE DIRECTION
Sample Problem
 OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE IN
TWO DIRECTIONS
Consider the conduit below with fluid flowing in steady-state:

𝐹𝑥𝑔 + 𝐹𝑥𝑝 + 𝐹𝑥𝑠 + 𝑅𝑥 = 𝑚𝑣𝑥2 − 𝑚𝑣𝑥1 𝐹𝑦𝑔 + 𝐹𝑦𝑝 + 𝐹𝑦𝑠 + 𝑅𝑦 = 𝑚𝑣𝑦2 − 𝑚𝑣𝑦1
 OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE IN
TWO DIRECTIONS
Sample Problem
Gasoline is flowing through a reducing pipe bend at steady state at a rate of 0.05 ft3/s and
discharges to the atmosphere. Frictional forces are negligible in the nozzle. The inside
diameter in the upstream is 0.075 ft and the downstream 0.045 ft. The density of gasoline is
780 kg/m3. Calculate the resultant force on the nozzle. The flow is turbulent.
 OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE IN
TWO DIRECTIONS
Sample Problem
 OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE FOR FREE JET
STRIKING A FIXED VANE
Consider a free jet impinges on a fixed vane:

𝐹𝑥𝑔 + 𝐹𝑥𝑝 + 𝐹𝑥𝑠 + 𝑅𝑥 = 𝑚𝑣𝑥2 − 𝑚𝑣𝑥1 𝐹𝑦𝑔 + 𝐹𝑦𝑝 + 𝐹𝑦𝑠 + 𝑅𝑦 = 𝑚𝑣𝑦2 − 𝑚𝑣𝑦1
OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE FOR FREE JET
STRIKING A FIXED VANE
Sample Problem

A jet of water (density = 1000 kg/m3) having a velocity of 35.5 m/s and a diameter of
235 cm is deflected by a smooth, curved vane where the angle is 60°. What is the
force of the jet on the vane?
OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE FOR FREE JET
STRIKING A FIXED VANE
Consider a free jet strikes a smooth,
inclined flat plate and the flow divides
into two separate streams with equal
velocities:
Σ𝐹 = 𝑚𝑣2 − 𝑚𝑣1
OVERALL MOMENTUM BALANCE FOR FREE JET
STRIKING A FIXED VANE
(@͜@)
ENGR. ERIC R. HALABASO