SHS

General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet
Quarter 2- MELC 12
Week 6
Simple Reactions of Organic
Compounds

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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General Chemistry
Activity Sheet No. 12: Simple Reactions of Organic Compounds

First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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Introductory Message
Welcome to General Chemistry 1!

This Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of the

Schools Division Office of La Carlota City and DepEd Regional Office VI – Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD). This was
developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and responsible adults)
in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12 Basic Education
Curriculum.

This Learning Activity Sheet is a self-directed instructional material aimed to

guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and time using the
contextualized resources in the community. This will also assist the learners in
acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and attitudes for productivity and
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For the learning facilitator:

This General Chemistry 1 Learning Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the
teaching-learning activities for the specified Most Essential Learning Competency
(MELC) with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between the teacher and the
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independent learning.

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This General Chemistry 1 Learning Activity Sheet was developed to help

you continue learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides
you with meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities and
answer the assessments. This will be returned to your school and teacher on the
agreed schedule.

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Name of Learner: ___________________________________________________________
Section: ______________________________________Date: ________________________

General Chemistry 1 Activity Sheet No. 12

Simple Reactions of Organic Compounds

I. Learning Competency with Code

Describe some simple reactions of organic compounds: combustion of organic fuels,
addition, condensation, and saponification of fats. (STEM_GC11OCIIg-j-90)

II. Background Information for Learners

In this activity sheet, you revisit an essential concept in the study of matter: chemical
reactions. Recall that chemical reactions produce new substances. A reactant or reactants
interact, old bonds are broken, then new bonds are formed with the starting atoms from the
reactants rearranged in a different way. You look at a special set of reactions here for organic
compounds. Here are the key points of this learning activity:
• reactants are organic compounds used to produce other organic compounds
• organic substances are not formed from elemental C and H; raw materials are naturally
occurring organic compounds such as crude oil, petroleum and oils from plants
• all types or classes of organic compounds are formed through one or a combination of
two or more reactions

The following are the three simple reactions that organic compounds undergo and are
used to produce other useful substances. Note that some references use the terms hydration,
hydrolysis, condensation or dehydration to refer to these reactions when they involve or
produce water.
1. Substitution – when an atom or a group of atoms is replaced by a new species

Ex. CH3CH2Br + NaOH → CH3CH2OH + NaBr

CH3CH2Br CH3CH2OH
substitution of –Br by –OH

2. Elimination – involves the removal of 2 atoms or groups of atoms attached to 2 adjacent C

atoms, resulting to the formation of a multiple bond and the release of a by-product.

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 Ex. CH3CH2OH → CH2=CH2 + H2O

CH3CH2OH or C2H4OH elimination of –H and – OH CH2=CH2 or C2H4

forming H2O

Any of the attached atoms or groups to the

If 2 H atoms were eliminated from 2 adjacent
adjacent C atoms can be eliminated, forming C atoms, what would be the other substance
an alkene or alkyne and another substance, in produced from the reaction?

this case, water, H2O.

3. Addition – when 2 atoms or groups of atoms attach to 2 adjacent C atoms, breaking a

multiple bond between them

Ex. CH2=CH2 + H2O → CH3CH2OH

CH3CH2OH or C2H4OH
CH2CH2 or C2H4

Other special reactions of organic compounds:

a. Combustion of organic fuels – reaction of organic substances with oxygen that decomposes
or breaks the substance into carbon dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O). This very useful
reaction drives engines and most of the industries, since combustion of organic fuels is
highly exothermic, generating large amounts of energy that is further converted to other
transferrable and usable forms.
Ex. Combustion of butane: 2 C4H10 (l) + 13 O2 (g) → 8 CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (g) + heat

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b. Condensation - combination or synthesis of a new, bigger molecule by combining two
organic molecules. The reaction releases water, H2O as a by-product. See the illustrated
example below.
dipeptide

amino acid 1 amino acid 2

https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introductory_Chemistry_(C
K-12)/25%3A_Organic_Chemistry/25.18%3A_Condensation_Reactions

This condensation reaction shows two amino acids (Remember your functional
groups?) combining as one releases an –OH and the other releases an –H, opening a bonding
site for each, and the H– and –OH released combine to form water (H2O). This reaction allows
organic molecules to form longer chains and is one of the most exciting applications of
chemistry, polymerization.
New and more versatile materials are invented almost every day as organic chemists,
material scientists and designers work together to create new polymers. And it is also this
simple yet amazing process that allows organisms to create, re-create, and duplicate the
different biological molecules that living things need to survive. Polymerization will be
covered in the next activity sheet.

c. Saponification of fats – breaking up a fat or a triglyceride by the addition of a base, NaOH.

The process produces soap molecules, a long chain with a hydrophilic head and a
hydrophobic tail. The head is hydrophilic (water-loving) since it is ionic, while the tail is
insoluble in water (hydrophobic). See the example below:

https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-saponification-605959

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III. Activity Proper

Directions: The following are two exercises for you to test your comprehension and
understanding of the three simple reactions of organic compounds. For the first exercise, try
to identify the reaction by looking at how the products differ from their reactants. Study the
examples in the discussion again if you get confused. Then in the second exercise, try to
figure out what the reactant or the product should be for the incomplete reaction indicated.
Check your answers against the answer key so you can see how well you did. Then do the
final task.

Activity 1: Study and classify the following reactions as S (substitution), E (elimination) or

A (addition). Explain your answer.

1 CH3–CHOH–CH2–CH2–CH3 → CH3–CH=CH–CH2–CH3 + H2O

2 CH3–CH2–CH2F + NaCl → CH3–CH2–CH2Cl + NaF

3 CH2=CH–CH2–CH3 + H2O → CH3–CHOH–CH2–CH3

4 HC C–CH2–CH3 → CH2=CH–CH2–CH3 + H2

5 → + HOCl

Activity 2: Complete the reaction by drawing or writing the correct structure to match the
type of reaction indicated. Use the blank box for your answer.
1. Addition reaction:

+ HCl →

2. Substitution reaction:

+ Cl2 → + H2

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IV. Reflection
Unlike genetically modified organisms (GMOs), synthetic organic substances have not
met too much opposition, although the production of both require human intervention and
manipulation of natural substances. Why do you think the synthesizing of organic substances
is readily accepted by society in general whereas the mention of GMOs immediately raises
concerns?

V. References for Learners

Below are the references used for this activity sheet as well as additional references you can
access online:
Zumdahl, Steven S. (2004) Introductory Chemistry, 5th Ed. Houghton-Mifflin
Company, Boston, MA, USA
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introducto
ry_Chemistry_(CK-
12)/11%3A_Chemical_Reactions/11.06%3A_Combustion_Reactions
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Book%3A_Introducto
ry_Chemistry_(CK-
12)/25%3A_Organic_Chemistry/25.18%3A_Condensation_Reactions
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/introchem/chapter/condensation-reactions/
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Map%3A_Organic_Chemi
stry_(Wade)/26%3A_Lipids/26.02%3A_Saponification_of_Fats_and_Oils%3B_Soaps
_and_Detergents
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-saponification-605959

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VI. Answer Key
Activity 1
1. E – H 2. S 3. A 4. E 5. E

1. Elimination because it involves the removal of OH and H attached to adjacent C atoms

resulting to the formation of double bond and the release of H2O as by-product.
2. Substitution because Chlorine was substituted by Fluorine and form new product
which is CH3–CH2–CH2Cl + NaF
3. Addition because H2O combines with 2 adjacent C atoms, breaking the double bond and
form new product without losing any atoms present in the reactant.
4. Elimination because it involves the removal of H attached to adjacent C atoms resulting to
the formation of double bond and the release of Hydrogen gas.
5. Elimination because it involves the removal of OH and Cl attached to C atoms resulting to
the formation of double bond and the release of HOCl

Activity 2
1) 2)

Reflection
GMOs are produced by manipulating the identity and “tricking” organisms into behaving
or performing abnormally, for the benefit of consumers or manufacturers. This raises some
moral issues regarding cruelty to animals or “playing God”, while manufacturing synthetic
materials deals only with non-living materials. (Further elaboration or other views are
encouraged.)