SHS

General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet
Quarter 2– MELC 11
Week 6
Structural Isomerism

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

General Chemistry 1
Activity Sheet No. 11: Structural Isomerism
First Edition, 2020

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Name of Learner: ______________________________________________________________
Section: _________________________________________Date: ________________________

General Chemistry 1 Learning Activity Sheet No.11

Structural Isomerism

I. Learning Competency with Code

Describe structural isomerism and give examples. (STEM_GC11OCIIg-j-89)

II. Background Information for Learners

You have learned from the previous lesson that organic compounds are usually combinations
of carbon, hydrogen and a few other elements including oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus and the
halogens. Given the versatility of the way carbon forms covalent bonds with these non-metals as
well as other carbon atoms, there is practically an infinite number of organic compounds that can
be formed. But another interesting aspect of organic compounds is that when a group of C atoms
and these other non-metals form their bonds, sometimes, more than one arrangement or linkage
could happen. The presence of other arrangements of the same group of atoms results to what we
call isomers.
Isomers are molecules that have the same chemical Recall that the chemical
formula but different structures. These molecules make use of formula gives the kind
and number of atoms for
the exact same number and kinds of atoms but are chemically
each element present in a
arranged differently. See the examples that follow. molecule. (i.e. C4H10O2)

Example 1:
C4H10
CH3CHCH3CH3 CH3CH2CH2CH3
2-methyl propane or isobutane n-butane

Example 2:
C6H12O6

CH2OH-(CHOH)4-COOH CH2OH-(CHOH)3-CO-CH2OH
glucose fructose

Example 3:
C3H6O
CH3COCH3 CH3CH2COH
acetone propanal or propanaldehyde

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 What do you notice about the structures? They all contain the same number of atoms of each
element, yet they are arranged and bonded in different ways. What’s more? Each arrangement
represents a different substance. That is how amazing and diverse organic compounds are.
Another very important thing to note is that if one structure is formed entirely by single
bonds, all other isomers will also be formed by single bonds. And if a structure has a double bond,
all its other possible isomers will also have a double bond. As long as each atom forms the correct
number of covalent bonds to form one single molecule, the resulting structure is a possible isomer.
Remember the number of covalent bonds each of these common atoms should form:
a. each C atom – 4 bonds
b. each H atom – 1 bond
c. each O or S atom – 2 bonds
d. each halogen (F, Cl, Br, I) – 1 bond
e. each N or P atom – 3 bonds
Here are two more sets of examples. Notice how the other non-metals are used as branches
of the main chain of C atoms.

Example 4:
C4H9NO2

3-aminobutanoic acid 4-aminobutanoic acid

Example 5:
C3H6Cl2

1,2-dichloropropane 2,2−dichloropropane

Finally, a simplified way of showing that a given substance is structurally different from
another, although they have the same chemical formula, is by using the structural formula. The
structural formula, as written below each isomer in the given examples, shows the atoms bonded
to each C atom in the chain without illustrating all the bonds as a Lewis structure. This helps
organic chemists identify where and how the atoms are arranged in that specific molecule.

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III. Activity Proper
Directions: Study and understand how the structural formulas match the corresponding
isomers. Following are two exercises to test your understanding of isomers. Follow the instructions
and be sure to double-check the bonds between the C atoms in your main chain, and the number
of bonds each of the other elements form. After the exercises, do the final task by filling in the
blanks with the appropriate word/s or concept/s.
Activity 1: Identify whether the structure A or B is an isomer of the given structure on the left.
Select the letter of the correct answer.
GIVEN A B

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Activity 2: In your answer sheet write the chemical formulas of the following structures . Then
identify of these chemical formulas are isomers. Explain why?

Column A Column B

1.________________ A._________________

2. _________________ B._________________

3._________________ C._________________

4._________________ D. _________________

5. _________________ E._________________

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Activity 3. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate word/s or concept/s.
I somerize this lesson as follows:
Structural isomers are molecules that have the same (1) but different
(2) . Each isomer contains the same (3) and (4)
of atoms but are (5) in a different order. A molecule that contains
(6) will have isomers that also have double bonds. If it contains other elements
like oxygen and nitrogen, its isomers will have those as well.
A simple example is glucose and fructose shown below. Both have the same (7)
but each has its own (8) . The chemical formula of both
substances is (9) . Glucose and fructose are two different substances but are also
isomers of each other. In addition, the (10) of a molecule shows how the
atoms are distributed to each C atom without showing all the bonds. It is a shorter way of
illustrating the arrangement of the atoms in a molecule.

glucose, C6H12O6 fructose, C6H12O6

IV. Reflection
Given the reality of duplication and plagiarism, give a parallel description or analogy
between proper paraphrasing of textual information and the uniqueness and similarities of
isomers.

______________________________________________________

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V. Answer Key
Activity 1
1. B 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. A

Activity 2
1. C5H10 2. C5H8 3.C5H11OH 4. C5H12 5. C6H14
A. C5H12 B. C5H10 C. C5H8 D .C6H14 E. C5H11OH

They are isomers because they have the same chemical formula but different structural formula.
Activity 3.
1. chemical formula
2. structures
3. type
4. number
5. arranged
6. double bonds
7. chemical formula
8. structure
9. C6H12O6
10. structural formula

Reflection. (Possible answer)

Isomers are duplicates in terms of composition but are actually similar to paraphrased
versions of textual information, since the component atoms are arranged in a different way.
(Further elaboration of ideas is encouraged.)

VI. References for Learners and Education Sites

Below are the references used for this activity sheet as well as additional references you
can access online:
Zumdahl, Steven S. (2004) Introductory Chemistry, 5th Ed. Houghton-Mifflin Company,
Boston, MA, USA
https://www.britannica.com/science/monosaccharide
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-potsdam-organicchemistry/chapter/1-5-
isomerism/#:~:text=A%20structural%20isomer%2C%20also%20known,location%20of
%20the%20methyl%20group.
https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Organic_Chemistry/Supplemental_Modules_(Or
ganic_Chemistry)/Fundamentals/Isomerism_in_Organic_Compounds/Structural_Isomeri
sm_in_Organic_Molecules
https://www.thoughtco.com/definition-of-structural-isomer-and-examples-605698