Parametric equations 8B

a x 2sin t − 1
1 = d y = tan 2t
x +1 2 tan t
So sin t = (1) So y = (1)
2 1 − tan 2 t
= y 5cos t + 4 sin 2 t + cos 2 t ≡ 1
y−4
cos t = (2) cos 2 t ≡ 1 − sin 2 t = 1 − x 2
5
Substitute (1) and (2) into cos=
t 1 − x2 (2)
sin 2 t + cos 2 t ≡ 1 : Substitute (2) and x = sin t into (1):
2 2
sin t 2x 2x
 x +1   y − 4  2
  +  = 1 1− x 2
1 − x2
 2   5  =y = cos t =
sin 2 t x2 1 − 2x2
( x + 1) 2 ( y − 4) 2 1− 1 −
+ = 1 cos 2 t 1 − x2 1 − x2
4 25
2 x(1 − x 2 )
25( x + 1) 2 + 4( y − 4) 2 = 100 =
(1 − 2 x 2 ) 1 − x 2
b y = sin 2t 2x 1 − x2
Hence y =
= 2sin t cos t 1 − 2 x2
So, since x = cos t , e=x cos t + 2
y = 2 x sin t (1) cos t= x − 2 (1)
2
sin t + cos t ≡ 12
4
=y sec= t
sin 2 t ≡ 1 − cos 2 t = 1 − x 2 cos t
4
sin=
t 1 − x2 (2) cos t = (2)
y
Substitute (2) into (1):
Substitute (1) into (2):
=y 2 x 1 − x2 4
x−2=
or=y 2 4 x 2 (1 − x 2 ) y
4
c y = 2 cos 2t y=
x−2
= 2(2 cos 2 t − 1)
f x = 3cot t
So, since x = cos t , x
2
cot t = (1)
=y 2(2 x − 1) 3
y 4 x2 − 2
= cosect = y (2)
Substitute (1) and (2) into
1 + cot 2 t ≡ cosec 2 t :
2
x
1+   = y2
3
x2
y2 = 1+
9

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 1
2 a=x sin t − 5 4=x cos t − 2
⇒ sin t = x+5 (1) ⇒ cos t = x+2 (1)
=y sin t + 3
=y cos t + 2
⇒ sin t =− y 3 (2)
⇒ cos t = y−2 (2)
Substitute (1) and (2) into sin 2 t + cos 2 t ≡ 1 :
Substitute (1) and (2) into
( x + 2) 2 + ( y − 3) 2 =
1
sin 2 t + cos 2 t ≡ 1 :
This is a circle with centre (−2, 3)
( x + 5) 2 + ( y − 2) 2 =
1
and radius 1:
b This is a circle with centre (−5, 2)
and radius 1

c One full revolution around the circle is

obtained for an interval of t corresponding
to one period of both parametric equations
= y cos t + 2 and= x sin t − 5.
So 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π is a suitable domain.

3 x 4sin t + 3
=
4sin t= x − 3
 π
x −3 5 a= y sin  t + 
∴ sin t = (1)  4
4
= y 4 cos t − 1 π π
= sin t cos + cos t sin
4 cos t= y + 1 4 4
y +1 2 2
∴ cos t = (2) = sin t + cos t
4 2 2
Substitute (1) and (2) into 2 2
= y x+ cos t (1)
2
sin t + cos t =2
1: 2 2
2 2
(since x = sin t )
 x − 3   y +1 
  +  = 1
 4   4  sin 2 t + cos 2 t ≡ 1
( x − 3) 2 ( y + 1) 2 cos 2 t ≡ 1 − sin 2 t = 1 − x 2
+ = 1
42 42 ∴ cos t =1 − x 2 (2)
( x − 3) 2 ( y + 1) 2
+ = 1 Substitute (2) into (1):
16 16
( x − 3) 2 + ( y + 1) 2 = 16 2 2
y = x+ 1 − x2
So the radius of the circle is 4 and the 2 2
centre is (3, −1). 2 2(1 − x 2 )
or
= y x+
2 2

π π
=x sin t , − <t <
2 2
⇒ −1 < x < 1

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 2
 5 b x = 3cos t 6 a x = 8cos t
x x
⇒ cos t = cos t =
3 8
 π 1 2 1
=y 2 cos  t +  =So y = sec t
 6 4 4 cos 2 t
π π 1 1 64 16
= 2 cos t cos − 2sin t sin = 2
= × 2 =2
6 6 x 4 x x
4 
3 1 8
= 2 cos t × − 2sin t × Therefore a Cartesian equation for C is
2 2
16
= 3 cos t − sin t y= 2
x
3
So
= y x − sin t (1)
3 π π
sin 2 t + cos 2 t ≡ 1 =x 8cos t , − <t <
2 2
2
x ⇒ 0< x<8
sin 2 t ≡ 1 − cos 2 t = 1 −  
3
π π
2 b For − ≤ t ≤ the range of the
x 2 2
sin=
t 1−   (2)
3 parametric equation x = 8cos t is
Substitute (2) into (1): 0 ≤ x ≤ 8, so the domain of y = f(x) is
2 0 ≤ x ≤ 8.
3 x The range of the parametric equation
y= x − 1−  
3 3 1 1
y = sec 2 t is y ≥ , so the range of
3 9 − x2 4 4
= x− 1
3 9 y = f(x) is y ≥
4
3 9 − x2
y
∴= x−
3 3

π
=x 3cos t , 0 < t <
3
3
⇒ < x<3
2

c y 3sin(t + π)
=
= 3sin t cos π + 3cos t sin π
= 3sin t × (−1) + 3cos t × 0
= −3sin t
Since x = sin t ,
y = −3 x

=x sin t , 0 < t < 2π

⇒ −1 < x < 1

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 3
7 x = 3cot 2 2t x
9 x = 2 cos t ⇒ cos t =
x 2
cot 2 2t =
3  π
=y sin  t − 
x cos 2t 1 − sin 2 2t  6
2
1
= = = −1
3 sin 2t2 2
sin 2t sin 2 2t π π
= sin t cos − cos t sin
x 1 6 6
+1 = 2
3 sin 2t 3 1
x+3 1 = sin t − cos t
= 2 2
3 sin 2 2t 3 1
3 ∴
= y sin t − x (1)
sin 2 2t = 2 4
x+3 2 2
sin t + cos t ≡ 1
3 9 x2
∴ y =3sin 2 2t =3 × = sin 2 t ≡ 1 − cos 2 t = 1 −
x+3 x+3 4
π
For 0 < t ≤ the range of the parametric x2
4 ∴ sin t = 1 − (2)
4
function x = 3cot 2 2t is x ≥ 0, so the domain
of f(x) is x ≥ 0. Substitute (2) into (1):
3 x2 1
y
= 1− − x
1 2 4 4
8 a x = sin t
3 1 12 − 3 x 2 1
⇒ sin t = 3x = − x
=y sin= 3t sin(t + 2t ) 2 4 4
So the Cartesian equation is
= sin t cos 2t + cos t sin 2t
=sin t (1 − 2sin 2 t ) + cos t (2sin t cos t )
y
=
1
4
(
12 − 3 x 2 − x )
=sin t (1 − 2sin 2 t ) + 2sin t (1 − sin 2 t ) For 0 < t < π, the range of the parametric
function x = 2 cos t is −2 < x < 2,
= 3 x(1 − 2 × 9 x 2 ) + 6 x(1 − 9 x 2 )
so the domain of y = f(x) is −2 < x < 2.
= 3 x − 54 x3 + 6 x − 54 x3
= 9 x − 108 x 3
= 9 x(1 − 12 x 2 )
So the Cartesian equation of the curve is
=y 9 x(1 − 12 x 2 ), which is in the form
=y ax(1 − bx 2 ) with a = 9 and b = 12.

π
b For 0 < t < the range of the parametric
2
1 1
function x = sin t is 0 < x <
3 3
1
so the domain of y = f(x) is 0 < x <
3
π
For 0 < t < the range of the parametric
2
function y = sin 3t is −1 < y < 1
so the range of y = f(x) is −1 < y < 1.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 4
10 a y = 5sin t 11 y 3sin(t − π)
=
y = 3sin t cos π − 3cos t sin π
So sin t =
5 = 3sin t × (−1) − 3cos t × 0
y2 = −3sin t
sin 2 t =
25 y
2 So sin t = −
=x tan t + 5 3
2 2
tan 2 t= x − 5 sin t + cos t ≡ 1
sin 2 t cos 2 t ≡ 1 − sin 2 t
= x −5
cos 2 t y2
sin 2 t cos t =1 − sin 2 t =1 −
= x −5 9
1 − sin 2 t y
1 1 −
= −1 sin t 3 = −y
∴ x= tan =
t =
x − 5 sin 2 t cos t y2 9 − y2
1 1 1−
+1 = 2 9
x −5 y y
25 Therefore x = − is a Cartesian
9 − y2
x − 4 25
= equation for C.
x − 5 y2
 x −5   1 
∴ y 2 = 25  = 25 1 − 
 x−4  x−4

π
b For 0 < t < , the range of the parametric
2
function
= x tan 2 t + 5 is x > 5,
so the domain of the curve is x > 5.
The range of the parametric function
y = 5sin t is 0 < y < 5,
so the range of the curve is 0 < y < 5.

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 5
 Challenge

1
x=cos 2t
2
1
= (2 cos 2 t − 1)
2
2x +1
∴ = cos 2 t
2
2x +1
cos t =
2
But also
1
x = cos 2t
2
1
= (1 − 2sin 2 t )
2
1− 2x
∴ sin 2 t =
2
1− 2x
sin t =
2
Therefore
 π
=y sin  t + 
 6
π π
= y sin t cos + cos t sin
6 6
3 1
= y sin t + cos t
2 2
3 1− 2x 1 2x +1
= y +
2 2 2 2
3 − 6x 2x +1
=y +
8 8
2
y=
1
4
( 3 − 12 x 2 − 2 x + 2 )
4 y2 + 2x − 2 = 3 − 12 x 2

(4 y )
2
2
+ 2 x − 2 + 12 x 2 − 3 =0

© Pearson Education Ltd 2017. Copying permitted for purchasing institution only. This material is not copyright free. 6