Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

CBSE-STD VIII-Science-Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Page 1 of 39
Master Lesson Plan
For
Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
Board Standard Subject Chapter Language Reference Creation

Link
Synthetic Fibres Synthetic
CBSE STD VIII Science English 2020-11
and Plastics Fibres and
Plastics
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Synthetic Fibres and Plastics
1. MS_ Objectives_ Synthetic fibres and plastic
Notes to the teacher: This asset lays down the proposed plan for transacting this chapter. It states the asset
objectives of the MLP. This asset is for teacher's reference and need not be taught to the students:
Students will be able to...

• apply their previous knowledge on fibre
• explain about monomers and polymers
• experiment a few activities on fibres
• discuss the types of synthetic fibres
• determine the strength of the fibre
• appreciate the first synthetic fibre
• make an Eco friendly grocery bag with the materials that are available at home
• relish the history of synthetic fibres
• relate to the concept of Unity produce rayon fibre
• analyse the different aspects of plastics decide if the plastic is a boon or a curse
• recognize the important stages in the research of plastic
• recognise the recycling codes for plastic
• assess themselves on the topic 'Synthetic fibres and plastic'
Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

(Rayon, nylon, polyester and
Processing of raw silk in to
fibre Processing animal fibre
Definition of Plastic and
synthetic fibres,
Natural and Characteristics of fibres,
5 Minutes Main Script synthetic fibres Characeristics of plastics
2. IQ_ What do you wear?
[Notes to the teacher - Teacher may enable the students to think and come out with as many
answers as possible before giving out the right answer/ answers]
1. What is the shirt you are wearing made of?

Suggested Answer: cotton/nylon/silk.
2. Is there a difference in the material from which a raincoat and a shirt are made?
Suggested Answer: Yes, raincoat does not absorb water, shirts usually do.
3. What do you mean by Natural fibres?

Suggested Answer: Natural fibres are from Plant and Animal sources.
4. What do you mean by man made sources?

Suggested Answer: Man made sources are those fibres made using chemicals.
5. Can you name some natural fibres?

Suggested Answer: Cotton, nylon, jute and wool.
6. What is a cloth made of?

Suggested Answer: Cloth is made up of strands, which are in turn made of fibre from animal, plant or
synthetic sources.
Image Source:
https://pixabay.com/en/store-clothes-clothing-line-1338629/ - CC0
https://pixabay.com/en/child-girl-rain-puddle-raincoat-504321/ - CC0
https://pixabay.com/en/clothes-man-wet-rain-water-2179915/ - CC0
https://pixabay.com/en/fashion-clothing-shop-clothes-1031469/ - CC0
https://pixabay.com/en/sink-cotton-cotton-cloth-roll-1913458/ - CC0
https://pixabay.com/en/weaving-loom-weaving-traditional-2571179/ - CC0

Kinds of synthetic
8 Minutes Inquisitive Questions Natural and synthetic fibres
fibres
3. MS_ Monomer and Polymer
Substances are made of units.

A substance having a single unit structure forming its particles is called monomer.
In certain substances thousands of units join together to form a large unit, called polymer (poly means many).
Polymer is made of many repeating units.
The process of joining together monomers to form a polymer is called polymerisation.
Natural polymers:
Natural fibers like cotton, wool and silk are polymers.

Cotton is polymer glucose.
Wool and silk are the polymers of amino-acid (protein).
Spider silk is one of the strongest natural polymers.
Synthetic polymers:
Synthetic polymers are made from chemical substances. They are plastic in nature and non- biodegradable.
Scientists evolved a mechanism to polymerise the monomers of certain substances like rubber, silicone and
petroleum products such as ethane, propane, benzene, toluene, styrene, ester, and others. All these
are raw materials for synthetic plastics.
Nylon and polyester are synthetic fibres.
NOTE TO THE TEACHER: PLEASE PLAY THE VIDEO : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpPHN7fcLHI&t=9s
(Attribution - Free radical polymerization. Animation (IQOG-CSIC))
The video is 2 minutes 52 seconds.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhFc477fs6s&t=3s
(Attribution - FuseSchool - Global Education)
Original contribution - monomer: monomer, polymer - puttyrevankar@gmail.com
All images other - original contribution - rushmish@gmail.com
Original contribution - rushmish@gmail.com

Kinds of synthetic
12 Minutes Main Script Natural and synthetic
fibres
fibres
4. SA_ Activities with fibres
Activity-1
Aim: To determine the water absorbing capacity of different fibres
Materials required:
Take the same weight of fibres of cotton, silk, wool, rayon and nylon, a beaker filled with water, pre-weighed plastic
dishes, and physical balance.
Procedure: (This can be a demonstration or the teacher can form 5 groups and give each group one
substance to check)
Weigh the cotton fibres on physical balance.
Soak the fibres in water for three minutes and then take out the cotton fibres from water.
Hold it till the water stops dripping.
Place it in a pre-weighed dish and record the increase in weight due to absorption of water.
Repeat the procedure with silk, wool, rayon and nylon. Record the increase in weight in each case.
Observation:
Conclusion: This activity helps the students to determine which fibres have the maximum water holding capacity.
Activity II
Aim: To understand which takes less time to dry.
Materials required: Cotton cloth, silk cloth, nylon cloth, water
Setting for the activity: Outdoor
Type of activity: Group activity
Procedure:
1. Take a piece of cotton cloth and a nylon or polyester cloth.
2. Soak both cloths in equal volume of water in two different containers for five minutes and put them for
drying.
3. Do not squeeze. Check every five minutes to see which is drying faster.
Observation: Children are able to observe that natural fibres take a little more time to dry than the synthetic fibres.
Conclusion: This activity helps the students to determine which fibres dry quickly.
Activity III
Aim: To determine effect of flame on different kinds of fibres.
Materials required:
2 inch long fibres of different kinds like cotton, rayon, wool, silk, nylon, polyester, acrylic. A spirit lamp, fire tongs, a
plate of china clay or glass.
Procedure:
✰Light the spirit lamp and place it on the table.
✰ Next to it place a plate of china clay or glass.
✰ Hold the cotton fibre with the tongs over the flame, till it catches fire. Shift the burning fibre over the china clay
plate. Drop this small burning fibre in the china plate.
23
Repeat the activity with the fibres of different materials. Observe and complete the following.
Observation:
Conclusion: This activity helps the students to determine the effect of flame on different kinds of
fibres.
Questions to Ponder
1. Which fibre shows the most absorbing capacity, when dipped in water?
Ans: Cotton .
2. Why is cotton and wool the safest fabrics that can be worn when we work near a fireplace.?
Ans: Cotton catches fire easily but does not melt down like most of synthetic fibres. Wool takes some time to
burn and is safest.
3. Why Do synthetic fibres dry faster than natural fibres?

Ans: When synthetic fibres come in contact with water ,only their surface gets wet,since it does not absorb
more water.
23
Image Source:
https://pixabay.com/en/clothes-line-clothesline-clothing-575831/ - CC0
https://www.flickr.com/photos/21458229@N00/4157221727 (Attribution - Joel Bez)
https://pixabay.com/en/fabric-cloth-textile-clothing-657002/ - CC0

Kinds of synthetic
20 Minutes Suggested Activity Natural and synthetic fibres
fibres
5. MS_ Types of synthetic fibres
In the east, including India, cotton, wool and silk and in the west it was leather, wool and fur which were
the first materials to be used for clothing. Other natural fibres were also being used in different parts of the
country depending upon their availability.
It was towards the 1930s that synthetic fibre was developed.
Most synthetic fibres are obtained from petroleum products, natural gas and coal by the process of polymerisation.
a. Rayon: Silk fibre is a naturally occurring fibre obtained from the silkworm. But Rayon is a fibre
similar to silk fibre. It is synthesised by chemical treatment of wood pulp. Rayon is mixed with cotton to make bed
sheets and with wool to make carpets. The texture of silk is very fascinating. It is also prepared from cellulose. Though
cellulose is a natural polymer it needs extensive chemical treatment to form rayon. Hence it is also considered as a
semi-synthetic fibre.
23
Properties of Rayon
Uses of Rayon
23
b. Nylon: Nylon is the first fully synthetic man-made fibre. It was first made in 1935 by an American scientist
Wallace H. Carothers for M/S Dupont de Nemours & Company of America from coal, water and air.
Chemically it is a ‘polyamide’, a polymer. It is the strongest synthetic plastic material which can be moulded to any
shape. It is elastic, light, lustrous and easy to wash. Nylon wire is very strong.
Properties of Nylon
C. Polyester:
Alcohol and organic acid react together to make compounds called esters. Esters are polymers and are called polyesters.
If different alcohols and acids are used, different kinds of polyesters are made. Polyesters come under the brand names
23
of ‘Terylene’, ‘Dacron’, ‘Terene’ and ‘Polyester’. Polyester is blended with cotton and wool in different ratios to obtain
polycot or terrycot (polyester cotton) and poly wool or terry wool (polyester wool) which is easily maintainable. Esters
are compounds with fruity odour. Clothes made of cotton get crumpled but clothes made of polyester do not
crumple. Terylene is an example of polyester fibre.
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is a famous form of polyester. It is used for making bottles, utensils,
wires etc
Uses of polyester
23
D. Acrylic:
Acrylic is a synthetic fibre that resembles cotton wool with crimps. Cotton wool is expensive; hence Acrylic is used in its
place.
Properties of acrylic
E. Lycra or Spandex
Lycra is a fibre with great elasticity. It stretches to 600 times with the ability to return to its original shape intact. It is
used by stage performers who require cloths with comfortable fitting. It is used to make swimming suits, t- shirts and
universal size caps in combination with cotton.
Image Source:
https://www.flickr.com/photos/brentanofabrics/7691471094
https://pixabay.com/photos/blue-cleaning-cloth-kevlar-lens-88110/
https://pixabay.com/en/fabric-crochet-pattern-thread-2634134/- CC0
https://pixabay.com/photos/scarf-polyester-tickets-clothing-930185/

Kinds of synthetic
15 Minutes Main Script Natural and synthetic fibres
fibres
6. SA_ Strength of fibre
Activity I
Aim: To find out which fibre has the maximum strength - Cotton, Wool, Silk or Nylon.
Materials required: One thread each made of cotton, wool, silk, nylon (all the threads must be of equal length),
Clamp stand, pan, weights of various denominations.
Setting for the activity: Outdoor
Type of activity: Group activity
Procedure:
• Tie one end of the thread to the clamp and the other end to the pan
• Put the weights on the pan one by one, till the thread snaps. Note down the weight that was
required to snap the thread
• Repeat the experiment with all four kinds of threads
• Tabulate the weights that were required to snap the threads.
Observations:
Conclusion: This activity will help the students to determine the strength of the fibres.
Question to Ponder
Which synthetic fibre is the strongest?
Ans: Nylon.
Instructions to the teacher:

1. This activity has to be performed outside of class.
2. Find out the cost and durability of polyester/nylon clothes compared to cotton clothes.
Image Source: Original contribution – saisanjay@saibrains.com

Kinds of synthetic
fibres
7. IA_ The First Synthetic Fibre

In the year 1869, a man named John Wesley Hyatt invented the first synthetic polymer.
The reason why he invented this polymer is very interesting. He was inspired by a New York firm’s
offer of $10,000 i.e 743,050.00 Indian Rupees. The offer was given for anyone who was able to provide
a replacement for ivory. This is because billiards was a popular game and many wild elephants had to be killed in
order to supply natural ivory.
Hyatt, extracted the cellulose from the cotton fibre and treated it with camphor. When cellulose was treated with
camphor, a plastic was formed that could be crafted into a variety of shapes and made to copy natural substances
like tortoise shell, horn, linen, and ivory
This discovery marked a changed in the history of manufacturing. Our environment not only supplied so much wood,
metal, stone, bone, tusk, and horn but humans could create new materials using them. This development helped
the nature to a great extent. Many elephants and tortoises were saved.
Image Source:
https://pixabay.com/en/billiards-game-3d-balls-play-1167221/
https://www.needpix.com/photo/1044811/candle-cloth-ball
https://www.pexels.com/photo/photo-of-elephants-sitting-on-the-ground-3691809/
https://www.publicdomainpictures.net/en/view-image.php?image=35929&picture=2-tortoise-on-the-rock
https://pixabay.com/en/wild-animals-graphics-save-2500100/

Kinds of synthetic
3 Minutes Interesting Asides Natural and synthetic fibres
fibres
8. SA_ Grocery bag from your home
Aim: To make an Eco- friendly shopping bag.
Materials required:
1. An old cotton T- shirt of any size
2. A Pair of Scissors
Setting for the Activity [Indoor] - Indoor (classroom activity)
Type of Activity: [Individual activity ]
Procedure:
Cut off the neckline and the sleeves of the T - shirt.

Cut fringe at the bottom of the shirt.
Flip your shirt inside out.
Tie knots at the fringes.
Flip your shirt right side out.
Cut sleeves from the left over sleeves to wrap the bag handles together.
Observation: Students are able to craft the eco friendly bag.
Conclusion: This activity helps the students to understand the importance of reusing and recycling old clothes
Note to the teacher: Teacher could play the video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHpIYMg4X74
The video is 2 minutes and 10 seconds and it is attached.
Category: How to & Style

License: Creative Commons Attribution license (reuse allowed)
Attribution: How to Turn an Old T-shirt Into a Reusable Bag
Instructions to Teacher include:
✓ The activity is individual activity

✓ The teacher should ask the students to bring the materials required for the activity.
✓ It's a no bag day activity.
Troubleshooting:
✓ If the knots are not strong enough, the students could sew the edge at the bottom.
Question to ponder
Why is a cotton bag preferable?
Ans: Cotton material is eco-friendly .
Image Source: https://www.flickr.com/photos/moregardenslesscars/4638695571 – CC BY 2.0 - Lolly .
20 Minutes Suggested Activity Natural and synthetic fibres Plant fibres
9. IA_ History of Synthetic fibres
Though natural fibres have been around for thousands of years, the discovery of synthetic fibres is a relatively new
occurrence. Developed as a way to offset some of the “problems” caused by natural fibres such as moths, wrinkles,
rayon and nylon were created nearly 100 years ago.
Though these fibres came to fulfillment a century ago, scientists had been trying to make artificial
fibres for nearly 200 years before. The first attempt was made by a Swiss chemist named Audemars.
He developed the first patented artificial fibre in England in 1855. He made the fibre by dissolving
the fibrous inner bark of a mulberry tree and adding chemicals, which in turn produced cellulose.
Many of the first attempts at creating synthetic fibres were aimed at making artificial silk. It wasn’t
until the creation of rayon in the early 20th century that this particular goal was met. Companies had
been using cellulose for a few decades before it was used for the creation of rayon. In 1893, Arthur D.
Little made film from acetate cellulose and in 1910 Henry Dreyfus and Camille made motion picture
film from acetate.
In 1924, however, the Celanese Company became the first manufacturer to turn cellulose into rayon and put it to use
in the textile industry. The invention was significant since silk prices at the time were at an all-time high.
Rayon – which mimicked all of the properties of silk – could be developed quicker sold at half the price.
By the 1965, manufactured fibres fulfilled 40 per cent of the US’s fibre needs. Today, fibres such as rayon continue to
grow in popularity and continue to be considered a viable alternative to natural fibres.
Image source:
https://pixabay.com/en/tshirt-tee-teeshirt-t-shirt-shirt-3310850/
https://pixabay.com/en/mulberry-tree-nature-2121183/
https://www.pexels.com/photo/online-banarasi-sarees-online-banarasi-saris-online-bollywood-sarees-online-celebrity-sarees-1498348/
https://pxhere.com/en/photo/1043567 – CC0
https://pixabay.com/en/photography-film-negatives-149174/

Kinds of synthetic
5 Minutes Interesting Asides Natural and synthetic fibres
fibres
10. VC_ Unity
Learning Domain- Classroom
The polymer is a chain of atoms, providing a backbone, to which atoms or groups of atoms are joined.
Some of the useful properties of various engineering polymers are of high strength or modulus to weight ratios,
toughness, resilience, resistance to corrosion, lack of conductivity, colour, transparency, processing, and low cost.
Quote:
“Individually we are a drop. But, together we are an ocean.”

Let us see a real example on how unity can lead to betterment of our lives!!
Ganga devi pally, is a village in Geesugonda mandal of Warangal Rural district in the Indian state of
Telangana.
This village has been recognised as a special Panchayat in 1994. Since then, the villagers have been
working hard to make it a model village. In 2007, Gangadevipalli was adjudged India's best panchayat
and received the Nirmal Gram Puraskar.
Gangadevipalli has earned several commendations from everyone for the collective efforts of the villagers in developing
the village.
Some of the indicators that show the development are 100% literacy, complete prohibition of alcohol, toilets are
available in every home, family planning has been done for all households and fluoride-free drinking
water is available.
The villagers have proved that they can solve any problems through collective effort and discipline and make a better
place to live in. There are boards kept on either side of the entrance to the village which show the
commitment and discipline of the villagers.
In the recent times, this has earned itself a reputation as several prominent personalities at the national level have
visited this village. One of the leaders of Gangadevipalli, Mr. Rajamouli describes his experience as follows.
"It was difficult in the beginning to get all the people to agree on the same things. But we didn't give up. We tried to
teach everyone the importance of development. Eventually people started appreciating our thinking. They started
volunteering to help with every development activity. We take every decision by voting and choose the
option with the majority votes. Most villagers are part of some committee or the other. So, most activities are
performed with dedication and a feeling of ownership. This village's progress is the result of the collective efforts of all
the villagers."
Dear Children, we exist for each other. When two individuals get together they can combine their strengths to
achieve more than their individual abilities.
Love, respect, and compassion for one another are very important if we have to work together and
function as one unit- ‘Society.’ If we really practice human values, then you and I are not separate, the whole
world is one large family.
All Image Source: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3f7kIVlcH84 (Attribution - Story of Ganganapalli)
Time to teach Value Type Value Sub Type Value Attribute
5 Minutes Love Stories
11. SA_ Make Rayon Fibre
Aim : To synthesise your own synthetic fibre.
Materials required:
10g of copper sulphate
dilute sodium hydroxide solution Filter
paper
Beaker
Water 100 ml
concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution
Syringe
dilute sulphuric acid
Setting for the Activity [Indoor] - Indoor (classroom activity)
Type of Activity: [Demonstration]
Procedure :
1. Dissolve about 10g of copper sulphate in about 100ml of water. To this add dilute sodium hydroxide solution. An
insoluble solid is formed. This is copper hydroxide.
2. Filter and collect the solid. Transfer this solid to another beaker.
3. Dissolve the collected copper hydroxide in concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution. The resulting
solution will be deep blue in colour.
4. Add bits and pieces of filter paper to the blue solution
5. Keep it undisturbed for 3-4 days or till the paper dissolves.
6. With the help of syringe, transfer this solution into a beaker containing dilute sulphuric acid to get thread like
structures, which are rayon fibres.
7. Leave this acid undisturbed for 24 hours or until the blue colour of rayon fibres changes to white. Filter out the
rayon fibres, wash them with water, and dry them in air.
Observation: Thread like structured fibres are formed.
Conclusion: This activity helps the students to understand the making of synthetic fibres.
Questions to ponder..
1. Which expensive fibre does rayon look and feel like?
Ans: Silk
2. What is the basic substance of rayon ?
Ans: Cellulose
Instructions to Teacher include:
✓ The activity is a demonstration.

Time taken may vary, since it needs 3 to 4 days .
✓ Care and precautions have to be taken while handling the chemicals. (hand gloves should be
worn)
Image Source:
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rayon_closeup_1.jpg – Public domain
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rayon_closeup_2.jpg – Public domain

Kinds of synthetic
fibres
12. MS_ Plastics
Plastic in our lives include bags, containers, buckets, mug utensils, chairs, etc.
Plastic is a polymer like synthetic fibre. In few plastics monomers are arranged in a chain and in few cases monomers
are cross linked instead of linear arrangement.
Polyethene i.e, poly + ethene is an example of a plastic.
Plastics are non-reactive which means they do not react with water and air and chemicals very easily.
They are not corroded easily. So it is ideal for making containers.
Plastic containers are also used to keep chemicals.
Plastic is strong, flexible and durable and can be moulded into any shape. So plastics are used widely from making
toys to making furniture.
Plastic is an insulator and is used to make switch boards, base of bulbs, body of electric appliances and coating
over electric wires.
We also find plastic handles on cookware as it doesn’t get hot while we are cooking. This means plastics are poor
conductors of heat.
Not all plastics are the same in properties and strength. If you hold a ruler made of plastic near a
candle flame it will become soft and will melt easily.
Few bottles or containers get deformed if we pour hot liquids in these containers. Such plastics that get deformed
on heating and can be bent easily are known as thermoplastics.
There are few other plastics which when moulded once cannot be softened on heating.
These are called thermo setting plastics for example bakelite.
Cookware handles are made of bakelite.
Another example of thermosetting plastic is melamine.
Body of electric appliances like iron, TV, radio, and keyboard is made of melamine. Melamine is also used to make
utensils, dinnerware, containers etc.
Melamine is flame resistant and can tolerate heat more than other plastics, hence it is used to make floor, furniture,
fabric etc.
Image source:
https://pixabay.com/en/plastic-waste-washed-up-2304042/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Plastic_bags.jpgTrosmisiekpublic domain
https://pixabay.com/en/iron-ironing-housework-tool-158742/
https://pixabay.com/en/monitor-screen-flat-lcd-black-32743/
http://www.publicdomainfiles.com/show_file.php?id=13519542618135
OC: puttyrevankar@gmail.com

Meaning & Definition of
Natural and synthetic Plastic, Characteristics
10 Minutes Main Script fibres of synthetic
13. DD_ Plastic - A Boon and A Curse
PLASTIC-HOW IS PLASTIC USEFUL TO US.
Plastics have replaced metals and jute bags

They are used in making water bottles, jars of pickles, syringes, medicine bottles, and the body of electrical
appliances.
They are used in making raincoats, air balloons.
PLASTICS- HOW ARE THEY CURSE
They are choking windpipes of animals and birds. They harm soil. They are not bio-degradable
They, when used in recycled form are more harmful.
If they are thrown in water bodies, they cause blocking of narrow passages and also are harmful for water animals.
They take around 500 years to degrade completely when left discarded in landfills.
Image source:
<Sweet Metal box><OC>Madhumita Dinesh><madhumitadineshj@gmail.com>
<Plastic bag><OC><Madhumita Dinesh><madhumitadineshj@gmail.com>
<Medicine box><CC><https://pixabay.com/en/collection-spray-nasal-nose-716809/>
<Box><OC><Garima>safemails28@rediffmail.com
<Syringe><CC><https://pixabay.com/en/syringe-syringe-perfume-plastic-1211173/>
<Pen><OC><Bharathi><sriram.bharu@gmail.com
https://pixabay.com/en/hot-air-balloon-300414/
https://pixabay.com/en/child-girl-rain-puddle-raincoat-504321/
https://pixabay.com/en/bottles-dump-floating-garbage-87342/
https://pixabay.com/en/building-blocks-construction-play-674828/
https://pixabay.com/en/plastic-bottles-bottles-recycling-115071/

Plastics &
5 Minutes Day-to-day Relevance Natural and synthetic fibres
Environment
14. IA_ Research on Plastics
In 1920, A German chemist Hermann Staudinger gave a macromolecular explanation. He suggested that polymers
are giant or big molecules which are formed when many smaller molecules come closer and attach
together.
He carried out many experiments and proved his hypothesis to be correct. So he was rewarded with the Nobel prize
in chemistry in 1953.
Hermann Staudinger is also known for his discovery of ketenes and the Staudinger reaction.
Many people believe that the name nylon derives its name from New York and London.
Some others believe that it was an acronym- now you lost your Nippon- developed by the
American company DuPont, which had invented nylon, to taunt the Japanese companies which had dominated
the silk industry until then!
Biodegradable plastics or ‘bioplastics’ can be made from plant based materials. These plastics degrade after some
time in the natural environment when they are exposed to sun and air.
Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate–co-β-hydroxy valerate (PHBV) is used in speciality packaging, orthopaedic devices and in

medicines (the capsule covering which we eat is made of plastic called gelatin, undergoes bacterial
degradation in the body and helps in controlled release of drug.
Image Source:
https://pixabay.com/en/recycle-bottle-rubbish-plastic-29231/ - CC0
https://pixabay.com/en/pills-medicine-capsule-health-161087/ - CC0

Characteristics of
5 Minutes Interesting Asides Natural and synthetic
synthetic Fibres
fibres
15. DD_ Recycling codes for plastics
Image Source: SSSVV Gallery

Characteristics of
6 Minutes Day-to-day Relevance Natural and synthetic
synthetic Fibres
fibres
16. QA_ Synthetic Fibres and Plastic - A Questionnaire
Multiple choice questions:
1. Which among these is not a Natural fibre?

a) Rayon b) Silk c) Jute d) cotton
Suggested Answer: Rayon
2. A substance having a single unit structure forming its particles

a. Dimer b) monomer c) polymer d) Trimer
Suggested Answer: monomer
3. The process of joining together monomers to form a polymer

a) Polymerisation b) Soldering c) Fabrication d) Monomerisation
Suggested Answer: Polymerisation
4. Which of these is NOT a synthetic polymer

a) Keylar b) Carbohydrate c) Polyethene d) Plastic
Suggested Answer: Carbohydrate
5. Biodegradable plastics are made from

a) Chemicals b) old plastics c) Old glass d) plants
Suggested Answer: plants
6. Plastics are poor conductors of

a) water b) electricity c) heat d) both b and c
Suggested Answer: both b and c
7. Terylene is a form of
a) plastic b) cotton c) polyester d) acrylic
Suggested Answer: polyester
II. Say true or false

1. Plastic does not pollute the environment.
2. The first synthetic polymer was invented in 1869 by John Wesley Hyatt.
3. PET is used to make bottles.
4. Bakelite is not a thermoset plastic.
5. Thermoset plastic does not resist heat.
Suggested Answers:
1. False … Plastics do pollute our environment since it harms marine life and livestock.
2. True
3. True
4. False.. Bakelite is the first synthetic plastic, a thermo setting phenol formaldehyde resin.
5. False… It can resist high temperatures.
III. Match the following
Suggested Answers:
a. Natural fibre b. Synthetic fibre c. Thermoset plastic
IV. Fill in the blanks:
1. is the first fully made synthetic fibre.

Suggested Answer: Nylon
2. clothes are preferred in summer.

Suggested Answer: cotton
3. Synthetic fibres are obtained from , and by the process

of polymerisation.
Suggested Answer: petroleum products, natural gas, coal
V. Answer the following Questions:
1. Name the types of synthetic fibres?

Suggested Answer: Acrylic, Rayon, Nylon, Lycra or spandex, polyester
2. What are the advantages of Rayon?

Suggested Answer: It is cheaper to produce. It can be blended with wool or silk
3. Where is lycra used?

Suggested Answer: It is used by stage performers who require clothes with comfortable fitting. It is used to make
swimming suits, t-shirts and universal size caps in combination with cotton.
4. Which synthetic fibre is used in the making of floppy disks?

Suggested Answer: Polyester
5. Give a few examples of thermoset plastics.

Suggested Answer: Thermoset handles, fire mans uniform, electric pins
Image Source:
https://pixabay.com/en/ecology-environment-garden-2985781/
https://pixabay.com/en/scarf-polyester-tickets-clothing-930185/ - CC0

Kinds of synthetic
15 Minutes Assessments Natural and synthetic fibres
fibres
17. MS_ Summary_ Synthetic fibres and plastic

Meaning & Definition
15 Minutes Main Script Natural and synthetic of Plastic,
fibres Characteristics of
synthetic Fibres,
Kinds of synthetic
fibres

Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

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CBSE-STD VIII-Science-Synthetic Fibres and Plastics Page 1 of 39

Master Lesson Plan

Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

Board Standard Subject Chapter Language Reference Creation

Synthetic Fibres and Plastics

1. MS_ Objectives_ Synthetic fibres and plastic

Students will be able to...

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

2. IQ_ What do you wear?

1. What is the shirt you are wearing made of?

3. What do you mean by Natural fibres?

4. What do you mean by man made sources?

5. Can you name some natural fibres?

6. What is a cloth made of?

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

3. MS_ Monomer and Polymer

Substances are made of units.

The process of joining together monomers to form a polymer is called polymerisation.

Natural fibers like cotton, wool and silk are polymers.

NOTE TO THE TEACHER: PLEASE PLAY THE VIDEO : https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpPHN7fcLHI&t=9s

(Attribution - Free radical polymerization. Animation (IQOG-CSIC))

The video is 2 minutes 52 seconds.

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

4. SA_ Activities with fibres

Aim: To determine the water absorbing capacity of different fibres

Aim: To understand which takes less time to dry.

Materials required: Cotton cloth, silk cloth, nylon cloth, water

Setting for the activity: Outdoor

Type of activity: Group activity

1. Take a piece of cotton cloth and a nylon or polyester cloth.

Aim: To determine effect of flame on different kinds of fibres.

✰Light the spirit lamp and place it on the table.

✰ Next to it place a plate of china clay or glass.

3. Why Do synthetic fibres dry faster than natural fibres?

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

5. MS_ Types of synthetic fibres

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

6. SA_ Strength of fibre

Setting for the activity: Outdoor

Type of activity: Group activity

Instructions to the teacher:

Image Source: Original contribution – saisanjay@saibrains.com

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

7. IA_ The First Synthetic Fibre

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

8. SA_ Grocery bag from your home

Aim: To make an Eco- friendly shopping bag.

Setting for the Activity [Indoor] - Indoor (classroom activity)

Type of Activity: [Individual activity ]

Cut off the neckline and the sleeves of the T - shirt.

Observation: Students are able to craft the eco friendly bag.

Note to the teacher: Teacher could play the video

Category: How to & Style

Instructions to Teacher include:

✓ The activity is individual activity

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme

20 Minutes Suggested Activity Natural and synthetic fibres Plant fibres

9. IA_ History of Synthetic fibres

Time to teach Asset Type Theme Sub Theme