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Physical Worl
Physical Worl
Physical Worl
Physical World
• Science means organized knowledge.
It is human nature to observe things and happenings Example: Phenomena of apple falling to ground,
around in the nature and then to relate them. This moon revolving around earth and weightlessness in
knowledge is organized so that it become well the rocket, all these phenomena are explained with
connected and logical. Then it is known as Science. It help of one Law that is, Newtons Law of Gravitation.
is a systematic attempt to understand natural
phenomenon and use this knowledge to predict, Reductionism
modify and control phenomena. • To understand or to derive the properties of a
bigger or more complex system the properties
Scientific Method of its simpler constituents are taken into
account. This approach is called reductionism.
Scientific methods are used to observe things and
It is supposed to be the heart of Physics.
natural phenomena. It includes several steps :
For example a complex thermo dynamical system can
• Observations
be understood by the properties of its constituent like
• Controlled experiments,
kinetic energy of molecules and atoms.
• Qualitative and quantitative reasoning,
• Mathematical modeling,
• Prediction and
• The scope of Physics can be divided in to two
• Verification or falsification of theories.
domains; Macroscopic and Microscopic.
There is no ‘final’ theory in science and no
• Macroscopic domain includes phenomena at the
unquestioned authority in science.
level of Laboratory, terrestrial and astronomical
• Observations and experiments need theories
scales.
to support them. Sometimes the existing
• Microscopic domain I ncludes atomic, molecular
theory is unable to explain the new
and nuclear phenomena.
observations, hence either new theories are
• Recently third domain in between is also thought
formed or modification is done in the existing
of with name Mesoscopic Physics. This deals with
theories.
group of Hundreds of atoms
• For example to explain different phenomena
• Scope of physics is very wide and exciting
in light, theories are changed. To explain
because it deals with objects of size as large
bending of light a new Wave-theory was
as Universe (1025m) and as small as 10-14 m,
formed, and then to explain photoelectric
the size of a nucleus.
effect help of quantum mechanics was taken.
The excitement of Physics is experienced in many
Natural Sciences can be broadly divided in three
fields Like:
branches namely Physics, Chemistry and biology
• Live transmissions through television.
• Physics is a study of basic laws of nature and
• Computers with high speed and memory,
their manifestation in different phenomenas.
• Use of Robots,
Principal thrusts in Physics
• Lasers and their applications
• There are two principal thrusts in Physics;
• 1.Unification 2. reduction Physics in relation to other branches of Science
Unification
• Efforts are made to explain different Physics in relation to Chemistry.
phenomena in nature on the basis of one or • Chemical bonding, atomic number and
minimum laws. This is principle of Unification. complex structure can be explained by physics
phenomena of Electrostatic forces,
• taking help of X-ray diffraction.
2012