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Cultural Center
IDSG 4401
Capstone 1: Thesis
N.Merve Goknil
16 December 2020
2020
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 2
© 2020
AMIRA SALAH SAEED ALAMOUDI
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 4
Amira S. Alamoudi
By
Abstract
This research aims to design a cultural center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The project fills
the gap of having a cultural center that exposes the rich history and culture of the kingdom of
Saudi Arabia. It also contributes to the tourism sector as part of the 2030 vision by providing a
new experience that attracts tourists and explores the important historic sites and the influence of
Islam on the culture and tradition of the country. The research highlights the importance of
exposing the heritage and culture of Saudi Arabia to visitors and its role in enhancing tourism in
Saudi Arabia. Also, the research demonstrates the importance of lighting, colors, and other
design elements in enhancing visitors’ experience besides the use of different technologies to
create an interactive learning environment. The data for this study were collected following the
qualitative research method through a survey and interviews to examine the need for the cultural
center in the country. The research reveals the need for a cultural center in enriching visitor’s
knowledge and preserving the cultural authenticity of the country. besides, it provides an
overview of what should be included in a cultural center to enhance the comfort of the visitors.
Table of Content
PREFACE .................................................................................................................................... 10
Limitations ............................................................................................................................... 10
Project Outline......................................................................................................................... 10
Rational .................................................................................................................................... 12
Minor Studies........................................................................................................................... 16
Major Studies........................................................................................................................... 17
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 21
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 24
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 41
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 7
Matrix ....................................................................................................................................... 42
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 48
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................... 49
Contribution ............................................................................................................................ 49
Observation .............................................................................................................................. 49
APPENDIX .................................................................................................................................. 52
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 8
Table of Figures
List of Tables
Table 1: project's Preliminary interior details schedule ......................................................... 43
Table 2: rooms finish schedules of the project ......................................................................... 45
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 10
PREFACE
13 آية، سورة الحجرات.)ارفُوا ُ اس ِإنَّا َخلَ ْقنَا ُكم ِمن ذَك ٍَر َوأُنثَى َو َج َع ْلنَا ُك ْم
َ شعُوبًا َوقَبَائِ َل ِلت َ َع ُ َّ (يَا أَيُّ َها الن:قال تعالى
“O men! Behold, We have created you all out of a male and a female, and have made you into
nations and tribes, so that you might come to know one another”. Surat Al-Hujurat, verse 13.
Limitations
It would have been ideal to meet tourists currently visiting Saudi Arabia to engage them
in focus groups and discuss their expectations in visiting the country; however, the research was
done during the Covid-19 pandemic which was declared by the World Health Organization on 11
March 2020, so tourists did not have access into the country due to the closure of the borders.
Project Outline
Qawafel is a cultural center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia designed to enrich tourists' and
residents’ knowledge about life in Saudi Arabia based on Islamic values and culture, the two
holy sites, and important historic sites in the kingdom. The center provides a learning and
This thesis involves five chapters, the first chapter defines the idea of the project as well
as the importance of the project and the reason of selecting it. It includes the targeted audience
and the selected location. In the second chapter, design and tourism related literature review is
discussed. The third chapter discusses the methodology of data collection and the results of each
method. The fourth chapter analyses local, regional, and international precedent studies of
similar projects. Finally, the fifth chapter demonstrates a preliminary study of the project’s
programming which includes the adjacency between the functions in the space and approximate
Project Statement
The project aims to create a cultural center in Jeddah to explore the culture and heritage
of Saudi Arabia. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has several important and historic places to be
explored including the holy mosques, the Grand Mosque and the Prophet’s Mosque. Besides, the
country has a rich culture and heritage that are significantly influenced by Islamic values. The
center will be a tourism attraction that provides a knowledgeable experience for visitors of
different backgrounds and religions to explore the important spaces that are related to Islamic
history, values, and heritage of Saudi Arabia. The information will be delivered using
technological tools such as VR, virtual reality, interactive screens, and wall screens to learn
through experience. This experience provided in the center will contribute to the 2030 vision in
Research Questions
• How does the cultural center expose visitors to gain more knowledge about cultural as
• How does the center contribute to informing visitors about Saudi Arabia?
Research Objectives
• Raising awareness and exploring rituals that take place in Makkah and Madinah.
• Exploring the requirements of a cultural center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and making
Rational
Saudi Arabia has a rich history and culture that is significantly influenced by Islamic
culture. The cultural center will help in exposing Saudi and Islamic cultures; thus, it will enrich
visitors’ knowledge about the history, traditions, and values of the country. Moreover, the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has recently started welcoming tourists, so the center will provide a
learning and enjoyable experience to visitors which will enhance tourism as part of the 2030
vision. It will also contribute to the program of Hajj and Umrah of the vision by increasing
pilgrim’s awareness.
Target Audience
This project is targeting all tourists who are classified under two main groups. First group
is pilgrims who visit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for performing specific Islamic rituals and to
visit the holy mosques; to increase their knowledge about rituals related to Hajj and Umrah and
the holy mosques’ heritage. Second group is tourists who are interested in exploring culture,
heritage and Islamic values, especially non-Muslims who have the curiosity in exploring about
the holy mosques, because they are not permitted entrance due to the rules of the kingdom.
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 13
Site Analysis
King Abdulaziz International Airport in Jeddah (figure 1) is the location of the cultural
center because it is one of the airports that welcomes millions of tourists yearly including
pilgrims. This location will allow pilgrims to learn and explore about the Islamic culture and
history before starting their trip to the holy mosques to enhance their experience by increasing
their awareness and stirring their feelings. Also, tourists will have the chance to visit the center
Client Profile
The ministry of tourism, ministry of culture and ministry of Hajj and Umrah are the
The Ministry of Tourism is the governmental sector focusing on tourism of the Kingdom.
It encourages and supports internal and external tourism by sponsoring and conducting tourism
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 14
on the Islamic values, heritage of the country and its famed traditions
tourism, the ministry’s mission is to achieve an economically and socially enrichment through
tourism, generate and increase employment opportunities for its citizens and preserve the cultural
of the kingdom. Its duty is to preserve the rich history and culture of
the national identity and builds understanding between people by the Figure 3: client logo, Ministry of
Culture
flourishment of arts and culture in Saudi Arabia. The mission is cherishing heritage and
unleashing new and inspiring forms of expression for all to enable a vibrant Saudi Arabian
culture that is compatible with its past and looks to the future (https://www.moc.gov.sa/en).
convenience during Hajj and Umrah's rituals and the visit of the
Masjid Al-Nabawi. Every pilgrim and Umrah performer act as an Figure 4: client logo, Ministry of
Hajj and Umrah
ambassador that reflects a positive image of the services offered by the
Kingdom to serve the guests of Allah. The mission of the ministry is carrying out its duties to
facilitate and organize pilgrimage and services in coordination with the government and local
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 15
staff to serve pilgrims, and performance of infrastructure works and focusing on offering the
Millions of visitors visit the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia for Hajj and Umrah every year, so
tourism in Saudi Arabia is mostly limited to Makkah and Madinah. These two cites reflect the
Kingdom due to their importance; however, the country has many other historic sites that reflect
the culture and heritage. Tourists usually prefer to explore the culture and the important places in
the visited country, so this cultural center will be a place that represent the Islamic and Saudi
cultures to visitors.
Minor Studies
Tourism usually linked to visiting new places out of the person’s usual environment and
exploring traditions, food and lifestyle of that place. Tourists like to involve themselves in the
traditions of the visited place and try different new activities during their trip. Flutur (2018)
claims that cultural tourism could be a way that allows tourists to be educated and entertained
about a culture and learn about the significance of a place. Exposing the heritage of different
areas of the country highlights the country’s identity. Important and historic landmarks usually
have interesting stories and information; exploring these stories arouses curiosity and the desire
to visit the place. Goeldner and Ritchie (2009) agree that heritage and culture are significant
attractions for tourists. Religious sites are part of the cultural tourism that attracts visitors to learn
about the rituals and gain new knowledge about the site and its history. Accordingly, this project
will explore Islamic culture, values, and important sites for visitors besides the heritage and
history of Saudi Arabia. Although the two holy cities are off-limits to non-Muslim visitors, there
are a lot of other historic sites in the kingdom that are related to the Islamic culture. This project
will be a destination for people of all faiths to explore Islamic culture and rituals.
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 17
languages, beliefs, religion, traditions, behaviors, habits, and values (Navasaitienė &
Perkumienė, 2010). Sharing these characteristics and knowledge is the aim of cultural centers.
Cultural centers bring communities together and help in understanding each other by learning
and exploring the culture. Creating a cultural center in Saudi Arabia will contribute to exposing
the Saudi and Islamic culture and heritage to visitors and therefore, raise their knowledge about
the country.
museums. Tourists usually enjoy visiting these spaces to explore the culture and history of the
visited country. Noor and Wahab (2018) highlight that museums have different ways of
expressing the values and cultures; each one has its own ways. Exhibitions usually use artifacts,
replicas and diorama, a three-dimensional scene created to illustrate a story or event in history.
However, the authors argue that Islamic values cannot be clearly visual through exhibited
elements unless the viewer is aware of these values. As a result, different methods should be
explored and studied to present the history and culture of the holy cities in a clear and
understandable way. Involving various functions and activities in the space will help in exposing
Major Studies
Technology
Interactive communication between the visitors and the presented elements enhances
visitors' experience in the space because it stimulates different senses of the visitor. For instance,
some modern museums use technologies to deliver information interactively and pass on
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 18
knowledge through experience. Kortbek and Grønbæk (2008) mention that interactive
installations such as tangible user interfaces (TUI) and augmented reality (AR) in cultural
heritage museums create efficient and engaging learning experiences. Using technology in
cultural related spaces can help in transferring information easily and directly. One example of
the technological innovations used in museums highlighted by Firšt and Petljak (2020) is in the
Story of the Forest exhibition. The visitors pass through a fascinating virtual biosphere created
another example that provides an interactive digital space using different technological
innovations. The exhibition uses smart screens that sense body gestures and recognize faces to
allow visitors to interact and communicate with the artworks. Besides, visitors can enjoy
experimenting with traditional artistic techniques in creating their digital artworks using their
body movements. Including activities in the space enhances the learning experience. SoundSpot
is another tool used to communicate with artworks. The spot contains a silver circle on the floor,
and above the circle is a directional speaker with a PIR (passive infra-red) sensor (Kortbek,
2008). The user can hear the comments of the artwork only when standing on the silver circle.
The sound spot allows users to hear the recorded information clearly without being isolated from
the surrounding. Also, because it is not a closed intimate space, more than one user can listen
together. Firšt and Petljak (2020); Kortbek (2008) agree that technologies help demonstrate
information clearly to the audience and bring the visitor closer to the exhibited item. These
technological innovations will help in creating an interactive space that allows visitors to learn
through experience. Engaging the person's senses in the learning experience will make it a
To create an interesting experience for visitors and deliver the desired message, the
interior design of the space should be well designed. Circulation, lighting, and colors are design
elements that have a huge impact on the user experience in the space. Interior design elements
and principles determine the atmosphere of the space and evoke the desired feelings. Wulandari,
Fajarwati, and Latif (2017) state that, “What people do and how they feel in an exhibition is as
Circulation
According to Wulandari et al. (2017) there are different circulation types can be use in a
museum space such as radial, linear, or direct and random circulation plan. Applying varied
circulation patterns help in delivering the space message besides creating interesting movements
for the visitor. Circulation width should be appropriate for visitors’ movements and to adapt high
number of visitors. This project has a similar approach to museums which is learning through
experience, so random circulation pattern will create flexible movements between the space
functions. Besides, random circulation can help in highlighting important areas in the space.
Using single and direct circulation type in the whole space will result in boredom. Considering
proper circulation width is essential for the project to accommodate large number of visitors
Lighting
Lighting is an important design element in the interior space because it determines the
mood and feel of a space and plays a major role in the overall atmosphere of the interior space.
Wulandari et al. (2017) mention that adjustable spotlights and track lights are used in museums
to emphasize particular objects. Besides, lighting colors evoke certain feelings in the space. For
instance, using cool lighting colors create a calm atmosphere, while warm colors like red and
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 20
orange lighting create a dramatic environment. Moreover, ambient light is necessary for
circulation and safety (Karlen, Spangler & Benya, 2017). Since the project exposes culture and
heritage, lighting design used in museums will work well using adjustable spotlights and track
lights to emphasize important areas and utilize the ambient light to create the atmosphere of the
space and circulation. The story and messages of the space can be easily exposed to visitors by
using different lighting designs, so lighting placement, types and colors should be carefully
Colors
In interior design, color selection is strongly influenced by culture. Specific colors have
different meanings across the world due to cultural differences. Islamic culture has a significant
impact on shaping Arabs’ impressions of certain colors (Al-Zamil, 2017). In the Holy Quran,
specific colors have been mentioned in different verses. For instance, in this verse, “They will be
adorned therein with bracelets of gold and will wear green garments of fine silk and brocade”
(Surat Al-Kahf, verse 31), the color green describes the clothes of believers in paradise. Also,
white and black are used in the Quran to describe faces of believers and unbelievers on the day
of judgment “On the Day [some] faces will turn white and [some] faces will turn black” (Surat
Al-Imran, verses 106). As a result, Islamic interior and architecture are influenced by the Quran,
so green and white are usually used in mosques and sacred spaces. According to Nejad,
Zarghami, and Abad (2018), color is an essential element that creates a feeling of spirituality in
mosques and sacred spaces. Al-Zamil (2017); Nejad et al. (2018) agree that the Islamic religion
influences the use of colors in Islamic interior and architecture. Hence, using the same colors
used in holy mosques will represent the Islamic culture and evokes tranquility and peacefulness
in the space.
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 21
Conclusion
Cultural centers help in exposing cultures which makes people understand each other and
therefore creates close and strong relations between the communities. Learning about other
traditions and beliefs raises respect. Moreover, having a cultural center is important because it
contributes to the enhancement of tourism. Using technologies enhances the learning experience
and arouses visitor’s enthusiasm. Most of the technological tools used in museums are suitable
for cultural centers because both share the same concept of delivering information to the
audience. Also, circulation can either guides visitors, increase their excitement, or makes them
feel bored. Lighting and colors are important design elements that shape the atmosphere of the
The qualitative method is used in this research to help obtaining thoughts and opinions
about the cultural center and exploring the tourists’ experiences in exploring the culture and
heritage of Saudi Arabia. The data used to support this research was collected through a survey
and interviews.
Survey
The survey is a widely used method for collecting information. The aim of using the
survey method is to collect a large number of responses from all people toward the idea of
creating the cultural center from different points of view. It was conducted online to allow
participants to freely give subjective answers that reflect their point of view. The form of the
survey questions was simple and general to be understood by a wide range of people. The survey
participants’ thoughts and offer valuable, detailed, and descriptive information (see appendix A).
All respondents in the survey stated that they are aware of the holy lands in Saudi Arabia;
however, almost 99% of them support the idea of having a cultural center to expose the
important and historic places of the country. The responses show that most of the people are
interested in exploring the heritage and culture. The majority are wondering about the traditional
food, clothing, old lifestyle, and crafts of the Islamic culture in Saudi Arabia. Also, they are
interested in exploring Islamic values and stories of important historic places and practices
related to Islamic culture such as hijra. The results of the survey show that most people want to
learn more about the important spaces and the culture of Saudi Arabia, so the atmosphere of the
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 23
cultural center should reflect the history and identity of the country. Moreover, stories,
simulating and interactive screens are preferable methods to be used in the cultural center to
create an interesting learning experience for the visitors in the space. The center will contribute
interview
The interview was the second tool used to collect the data. Three interviews were
conducted with people working in a tourism office, a Hajj and Umrah office and a museum of
local culture and history in Jeddah (see appendix B). This method was used to explore what
attracts tourists in Saudi Arabia. Interviews were done through phone calls which was the most
suitable way in conducting the interviews due to the Covid-19 international situation. The
interviews were semi-structured that provide open-ended questions to collect the details of the
needed information from interviewees. The time limitation and the situation of Covid-19 were
The responses in the three interviews were significantly similar to one another giving a
more comprehensive contribution to the cultural center and what may attract tourists. All
respondents agreed that tourists enjoy visiting places to explore the culture and history of the
country where they have a fun and educational experience. The person working in the tourism
office indicated that Saudi heritage and history attract tourists. He also stated that most of the
tourists in Saudi Arabia are coming for Hajj and Umrah purposes. In contrast, the person in the
office of Hajj and Umrah claimed that most visitors need to explore the holy lands and Islamic
history. As a result, the center should include a section that reflects the Islamic rituals related to
the holy spaces in Saudi Arabia and exposes the Islamic culture and history to visitors to help
raising visitors’ knowledge about the Islamic culture and heritage. Also, it is important to add
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 24
different facilities in the space to enhance the experience of the visitors as the person in charge of
the museum mentioned that the lack of seating areas and a coffee area, where they can rest,
Conclusion
The survey and interviews show that the cultural center has a high potential in attracting
tourists and exposing Saudi culture and Islamic history in the country. Moreover, using multiple
methods in exposing the information and taking into consideration the smooth and convenience
of visitors in the space were the points recommended through the survey and interviews that will
Three precedent studies of similar projects have been selected to be studied and analyzed.
Since the middle east countries have similar environmental features, two of the three projects are
from the middle east which are Etihad Museum located in Dubai and Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad
Cultural Centre located in Kuwait. The third precedent study is the Art Museum & Library in
Ota, Japan which has been selected as an international precedent study. Moreover, King Abdul
Aziz Cultural Center in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia has been selected and analyzes as a local
competitor project.
Address: Dubai
Area: 25000 m²
The museum aims to educate visitors about the history of the country. It provides an
educational experience by using different methods in presenting the information, and it reflects
the culture and history of the country. This museum is used as a case study for this project to
explore the selection of colors and design elements that reflect the culture and history in the
space and how to provide enjoyable learning experience to visitors using various methods and
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 26
technologies. Also, it provides some additional facilities that can be added in similar centers to
attract visitors.
Site Analysis
Etihad museum is located on the same historic site of the Union House, where the
constitution was signed in 1971. It is located on Jumeirah Street, and its entrance is on the
Location
North sign
Sun path
Main street
Figure 5: site analysis of Etihad Museum
Programming
The building consists of three floors: a ground floor where the main entrance is located,
an upper-level mezzanine and an under-ground level where that main exhibition hall is located
(figure 6).
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 27
Zoning
Public spaces occupy a large area of the space including the exhibition halls and other
facilities such as the restaurant, café, and the gift shop. Semipublic spaces include classrooms
Circulation
The museum takes its visitors through a smooth journey in the main exhibition starting
from the ramp that leads them to the below grade. In the main exhibition, the circulation directs
1. Permanent exhibition
2. Gallery lobby
3. Temporary gallery
4. Exhibition hall
18. Classroom
19. Library
22. Auditorium
23. Information desk
27. Café
The museum provides different facilities that enhance the visitors experience and allow
for holding seasonal events to keep the museum active during the year. It is consisting of a
permanent exhibition, temporary exhibition, auditorium, library, classrooms, gift shop, coffee
Design Approach
Interior
used for flooring which creates contrast with the textured black marble stone that covered the
core of the building and connects visitors visually to the upper-level mezzanine that has a café
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 29
and a flexible exhibition space. The glass panels and the golden columns of the façade are in line
with the rise of the two slopes which creates visual connection. Also, an interesting pattern on
the floor is created by the reflection of the glass panels (figure 9). The design of the staircase and
ramp leading to the main exhibition represent the brilliant and flowing calligraphic lines of
Arabic script which create flow movement to visitors. The circular form in the center of the
building represents the form of the Union House, and it works as a reference point for the visitors
to navigate the massive open permanent gallery (figure 10). The wall of the central circle is
cladded in dune-like carved stone. The white ceiling that takes the shape of prevailing wind
patterns rippling on the desert sands highlights the flow movement in the space and creates
contrast with the wood columns that highlight the curved ceiling and create warmth. There are
three types of lighting in this area of the museum which are wall washers, coved light and
spotlights. Wall washers ighting is used to emphasize the curves on the wall. Coved light to
highlight the beauty of the ceiling design and as ambient lighting to illuminate the space. The
spotlights highlight the exhibited elements in the space. The museum uses various ways in
presenting the information to maximize the visitor’s experience and provide a better learning
Wood
Stone
Figure 10: Etihad Museum interior circular form in the center of the permanent gallery
environment. Information about the seven founders are presented through majestic images,
about them. Interactive screens equipped with audio headphones give general information or
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 30
path to represent the difficulties that the rulers faced. This section is fully equipped with sound-
Exterior
To sum up, Etihad Museum provides a great experience to visitors. To achieve this goal
in similar projects different facilities such as an auditorium, library, gift shop and a restaurant
temporary exhibitions and seasonal events help keeping the space renewed and active. Design
elements such as smooth lines and curves in the interior walls and ceiling can help in guiding
visitors in a smooth path from one space to another. Technology such as interactive screens,
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 31
sound spots and 3d Hologram screens are powerful tools used to deliver information and
Architects: SSH
Location: Kuwait
Year: 2016
Area: 52000 m²
Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad Cultural Centre (JACC) was choosen as a precedent study due to
its unique design inspired by the Islamic geometry representing the Arabic and Islamic culture,
and it has various facilities such as the theater center, the music center and the library that might
Location
Arabian Gulf
North sign
Sun path
Main street
Figure 13: site analysis of Sheikh Jaber Al Ahmad Cultural Centre (JACC)
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 32
Site analysis
JACC is located in Kuwait. It occupies a large area located between the Arabian Gulf and
Jamal Abdul Nasser main strees near the Arabian Gulf sea (figure 13).
Programming
The cultural center has four separate buildings. Each one of these building provide
different activities (figure 14). The four buildings are places in a large park and can be accessed
Theater center
Music center
Conference
center
The first building of the complex is the theater center and opera house which contains
three main theaters. The second building is the music center which has a concert hall, recital hall,
rehearsal room, musical library and a children musical centre. Third, the historical document and
library centre. This center has a library, archive/exhibition and offices. The fourth and last center
is the conference center which consists of a cinema, symposium, lecture rooms and VIP area.
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 33
Design Approach
Interior
multi-use of the space. Placing seating around the stage in the upper floors of the hall to increase
the capacity.
Exterior
large park reflecting rays of sunlight. The exterior skin is made of titanium and reinforced
In brief, JACC has a unique and attractive design that show a strong representation of the
Arabic and Islamic culture. Light and shadow effect maximize the aesthetic of the Islamic
patterns. Arabic calligraphy can be used as a decorative element to enrich the beaty of the
interior and reflects the Arabic and Islamic culture in the space. Using wall washer lighting
emphasizes the beauty of the ornaments on the wall. Black marble with the golden calligraphy on
the wall create a strong representation to Al Kaaba. Also, Flexibility in the seating arrangements
is vital in cultural centers to adapt various events. Retractable seating system is a perfect solution
in multipurpose spaces.
Year: 2016
Area: 3152 m²
The reason of choosing Ota Art Museum & Library as a precedent study is because it
provides a continuous and enjoyable experience through the space created by the fluent
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 35
circulation. Also, the facilities inside the building are visually connected which enhance the
Site Analysis
Art Museum & Library in Ota located in front of Ota station in Gunma prefecture in
Japan. Specifically, it is located against the Tobu Kiryn main line (figure 18).
Location
North sign
Sun path
Main street
Figure 18: site analysis of Ota Art Museum & Library
Programming
The center has three entrances to the east, south and west. Free walkways connect the
five buildings and make facilities accessible from several points. The structure consists of three
Zoning
Most of the functions in the building are opened to the public apart from the storage areas
and the offices which are restricted to the workers in the building (figure 19).
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 36
0. Information
1. Storage Room
2. Goods handing
3. Gallery 1
4. Event Space
5. Café & Shop
6. Terrace
7. Browsing Area
8. Office
9. Workspace
Public
Private
Semi public
Semi private
Figure 19: Ota Art Museum & Library floor plans zoning
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 37
Circulation
The center aims to attract Figure 20: Ota Art Museum & Library first floor plan circulation
people to pass through, so it contains functions that attract people living near the center. The Art
Museum & Library center has a gallery, library, café, and shop.
Design Approach
Interior
The gentle slopes around the five structures creates flow movement that makes people
walk around on each floor as if they are walking in the city. In addition, the three entrances allow
users to easily enter and pass from different directions. Large windows create visual continuity
of carpet flooring in reading areas to reduce noise Figure 21: Ota Art Museum & Library interior large glass
windows
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 38
space which reflect the simple Japanese style. Figure 22: Ota Art Museum & Library interior seating areas
Exterior
very welcoming. Making the bookshelves and artworks partly visible from outside through the
windows makes people want to go inside. The structure took a kind of a vortex shape drawing
the movements of its users with no real spatial boundaries. The terrace with the greenery on tops
creates a relaxing atmosphere. The external walkways on the floors guide the wind flow to the
In brief, having different activities in the space such as a library, galleries, café and shop
attract visitors of all ages and backgrounds. Moreover, using different seating units in different
areas to provide various options and maximize visitors’ comfort. Flexible circulation creates an
easy access to all functions from several points. Glass walls allow sun light to illuminate the
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 39
space, create visual connection to the outside and attract people to go inside. Using large
windows in the interior walls create visual continuity between the functions and make the space
look wider.
King Abdulaziz Center for World Culture also known as Ithra is an initiative provided by
the Saudi Aramco oil company that offers a high value to the society by focusing on releasing
high potentials through stimulating arts, science, literature, and innovation. The center aims to
promote creativity, inspiring minds, and empowering talent of visitors through an inspiring new
experience to reinforce creativity and a passion for learning and enhance the cultural
development within the kingdom. The cultural center, Ithra, aims to develop the economy in
Saudi Arabia. In line with the vision 2030, the center seeks to be a tourism attraction and
contributes to the enrichment in the fields of arts, sciences and innovation among the society. It
was completed in 2017 By the Saudi Aramco company with an $ 800 million coast estimation.
Visiors of Ithra encounters several issues which are concidered marketing issues. These issues
include the lack of clear sign boards to guide visitors to the events places. Poor organization and
guidance inside the center especially when having a large number of visitors. Lack of diversity of
facilities compared to the huge size of the center. Making events and activities look more
exciting in the advertisements than how they actually are. Each activity requires a paid ticket
which is very coasty especially for families. The diversity of the targeted groups and not
focusing on a specific group. The center has various inspiring and attractive facilities that can
provide new and unique experiences to visitors. The facilities include a library, ithra theater,
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 40
cinema, ithra museum, children’s museum, idea lab, energy exhibit, archives, the great hall and
Interior Analysis
represent clarity and simplicity and makes the Figure 25: Ithra interior library reading and collaboration area
void create visual connections between the floors of the library (figure 24). The three seaing
levels in the theater designed in a circular shape to Ensure a good view of the stage. Moreover, A
movable bore that can be below the stage level to have a space for musicians. Walls and floor of
the cenima hall is covered with fabric to absorb noise. Colorful seating creates a youthful
environment and make the space looks fresh. Colors and floor pattern on the floor of the gallery
exhibited items. The glass covered the items have irregular shapes to harmonize the earth terrain
Conclusion
After analyzing the precedent studies, each one is followed by the findings of the points
that have been learned from it regarding the circulation, lighting, colors, materials and design
elements. The two projects located in the middle east show clear cultural representation in the
interior space through the use of patterns, colors and materials. The international precedent study
presents the use of different materials that suit the different areas in the space. Various facilities
are provided in similar projects such as a library and a coffee shop to fulfill the user’s needs.
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 42
The space functions have been studied in terms of the approximate size of the space,
adjacency, and interior details including furniture and equipment needed, lighting, color, and
materials. The matrix and relationship diagram are used to have a visual representation of the
Matrix
Design Program
Screens, speakers,
Historic 215m
3 4,5 podiums, Medium
places 2
projectors
Light
Culture General,
Exhibiti 215m Screens, speakers, colors,
4 and 3,5,7 Medium task, Durable
on halls 2 podiums earth
heritage accent
tones
Light
Temporary 325m Podiums, General, Durable,
9 1,13 Low neutral
exhibition 2 projectors accent hard
colors
Sound
450m Seats, tables, General, Light absorbe
10 Library 5,6,11 High
2 shelves task colors nt,
durable
Kitchen General, Elegant, Easy to
11 Café 90m2 9,10 equipment, seats, Low decorati relaxing clean,
tables ve colors durable
Shelves, display Light
12 Gift shop 74m2 1,4,5 Low General Durable
units colors
Neutral Durable,
13 Storage 22m2 6,7,10 Shelves, cabinets Low General
color hard
Hard,
water
Toilet seats, Light
14 Restrooms 40m2 6,7 Medium General resistant
lavatory, mirrors colors
, non-
slippery
Sound
Desks, chairs,
130m cool absorbe
15 Offices 13 shelves and High Task
2 colors nt,
storage units
durable
16 Light Hard,
Luggage storage 22m2 1 Shelves/lockers Low General
colors durable
Relationship Diagram
Legend
Major path
Minor path
Public
Semi public
private
Finish Schedules
Room Walls
Room name Level Flooring Ceiling Notes
No. N S E W
Ground Dropped
8 Library Carpet Wood Paint Paint Paint NA
floor ceiling
Ground Porcelain Dropped
9 Café Paint Stone Wood Paint NA
floor tiles ceiling
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 45
507.4.1 Mixed occupancy buildings with Groups A-1 and A-2. Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies
of other than Type V construction shall be permitted within mixed occupancy buildings of
unlimited area complying with Section 507.4, provided all of the following criteria are met:
1. Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies are separated from other occupancies as required for
separated occupancies in Section 508.4.4 with no reduction allowed in the fireresistance rating of
2. Each area of the portions of the building used for Group A-1 or A-2 occupancies shall not
exceed the maximum allowable area permitted for such occupancies in Section 503.1.
3. Exit doors from Group A-1 and A-2 occupancies shall discharge directly to the exterior of the
building.
507.7 Group A-3 buildings of Type III and IV construction. The area of a Group A-3
building of Type III or IV construction, with no more than one story above grade plane and used
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 46
as a place of community hall, dance hall, exhibition hall, gymnasium, lecture hall, indoor
swimming pool or tennis court, shall not be limited provided all of the following criteria are met:
2. The building shall be equipped throughout with an automatic sprinkler system in accordance
3. The assembly floor shall be located at or within 525 mm of street or grade level and all exits
are provided with ramps complying with Section 1012 to the street or grade level. 4. The
building shall be surrounded and adjoined by public ways or yards not less than 18 m in width.
806.3 Combustible decorative materials. In other than Group I-3, curtains, draperies, fabric
hangings and similar combustible decorative materials suspended from walls or ceilings shall
comply with Section 806.4 and shall not exceed 10 percent of the specific wall or ceiling area to
Fixed or movable walls and partitions, paneling, wall pads and crash pads applied structurally or
for decoration, acoustical correction, surface insulation or other purposes shall be considered
interior finish shall comply with Section 803 and shall not be considered decorative materials or
furnishings.
Exceptions:
1. In auditoriums in Group A, the permissible amount of curtains, draperies, fabric hangings and
similar combustible decorative materials suspended from walls or ceilings shall not exceed 75
percent of the aggregate wall area where the building is equipped throughout with an approved
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 47
automatic sprinkler system in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1, and where the material is
806.6 Pyroxylin plastic. Imitation leather or other material consisting of or coated with a
903.2.1.3 Group A-3. An automatic sprinkler system shall be provided for fire areas containing
Group A-3 occupancies and intervening floors of the building where one of the following
conditions exists:
3. The fire area is located on a floor other than a level of exit discharge serving such
occupancies.
1025.1 General. Approved luminous egress path markings delineating the exit path shall be
Exception: Luminous egress path markings shall not be required on the level of exit discharge in
lobbies that serve as part of the exit path in accordance with Section 1028.1, Exception 1.
1029.2 Assembly main exit. A building, room or space used for assembly purposes that has an
occupant load of greater than 300 and is provided with a main exit, that main exit shall be of
sufficient capacity to accommodate not less than onehalf of the occupant load, but such capacity
shall be not less than the total required capacity of all means of egress leading to the exit. Where
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 48
the building is classified as a Group A occupancy, the main exit shall front on not less than one
street or an unoccupied space of not less than 3000 mm in width that adjoins a street or public
way. In a building, room or space used for assembly purposes where there is not a well-defined
main exit or where multiple main exits are provided, exits shall be permitted to be distributed
around the perimeter of the building provided that the total capacity of egress is not less than 100
Conclusion
The programming study of the functions in the space helps in representing the
relationships between the functions visually. Also, it helps in getting approximate ideas of the
design implementation (Appendix C) including furniture, color, lighting, and materials that are
suitable for each function to have a clear insight before starting the design and space planning.
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 49
CONCLUSION
Contribution
The project will help in developing the social, cultural, and economic aspects of tourism
in Saudi Arabia. It will raise visitors’ knowledge and build respect and understanding between
people of different backgrounds and beliefs. It will also help in preserving traditional arts and
Observation
preserving the heritage and representing the country’s identity. Saudi Arabia has a rich history
and a lot of important historic locations that are related to Islamic history; therefore, the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia attracts tourists to discover its rich culture and history and learn about
the important landmarks. Accordingly, having a cultural center that exposes the culture and
history of Saudi Arabia help in improving tourism and increasing visitors’ knowledge. Cultural
centers should include several facilities such as a coffee area, library, and shops to enhance the
experience of visitors in the space. Besides the effect of colors and lighting used on reflecting the
culture and identity of the country, the circulation path should be carefully planned to create an
easy and comfortable journey in the space and to increase visitor’s enthusiasm to discover more.
The project will be a tourism attraction where visitors can explore the country and learn
about its rich history through an enjoyable and interactive experience. It will also provide a
chance for visitors to enrich their knowledge about Hajj and Umrah, so it will increase pilgrims’
awareness. The center will help in preserving traditional handcrafts by providing workshops for
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APPENDIX
Appendix A
Appendix B
1- Tourism office
i. Makkah and Madinah attract a lot of visitors and other cities like Jeddah and
Taif.
i. Most tourists are interested in exploring and learning about historic places in
the kingdom.
c. Do you think visitors will be interested and enjoy visiting a cultural center that
explores the Islamic culture and history and the Saudi traditions?
i. Yes
i. They like visiting different places and exploring the heritage and history.
a. Do you think visitors of Saudi Arabia are aware of Hajj and Umrah?
i. Yes
c. What are the important things that they need to know in your opinion?
i. They need to be aware of the rituals and religion affairs to reduce ignorance.
d. Is it a good idea to have a center where pilgrims can be informed about Hajj and
i. Yes
e. What is the best way to expose the holy mosques and the rituals?
c. How do you see visitors’ interaction during their tour in the museum?
i. They enjoy learning about the heritage and history of the country and the
i. Visitors have a fun, cultural and educational experience and increase their
knowledge about the development and history of the country. They also
e. Do you think exposing heritage and culture to visitors may change their point of view
f. What are your suggestions to enhance the museum and visitors experience?
i. The layout of the museum is not convenient, visitors get tired. The museum is
Appendix C
Concept board
QAWAFEL: CULTURAL CENTER 61