Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

FLUID MECHANICS LAB

Experiment No.8

Submitted By: Uzair Akram

Reg. No.: 20-ME-9

Date: 11-12-2021

Section: A1

Submitted To: Engr Abdul Rehman

Mechanical Engineering Department

Faculty of Mechanical & Aeronautical Engineering

University of Engineering & Technology Taxila

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 1

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

EXPERIMENT NO.8
TITLE: -
To study and draw the characteristic curves of a single centrifugal pump.
APPARATUS: -

 Electric Supply
 Supply Tank
 Submersible Tank
 Supply Line of water
 Suction Tank
 Suction Gauge & Valve
 Delivery Gauge & Valve
 Single Stage Centrifugal Pumps
 Stopwatch
 Measuring Tank

THEORY: -
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:
A centrifugal pump is a mechanical device designed to move a fluid by means of the transfer of rotational
energy from one or more driven rotors, called impellers. Fluid enters the rapidly rotating impeller along its
axis and is cast out by centrifugal force along its circumference through the impeller's vane tips.
Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluids by the conversion of rotational kinetic energy to the
hydrodynamic energy of the fluid flow. The rotational energy typically comes from an engine or electric
motor. They are a sub-class of dynamic axisymmetric work-absorbing turbomachinery. The fluid enters the
pump impeller along or near to the rotating axis and is accelerated by the impeller, flowing radially outward
into a diffuser or volute chamber (casing), from which it exits.
Centrifugal Pumps are useful since they can generally handle large quantities of fluids, provide very high
flow rates.
Centrifugal pumps are generally designed and suitable for liquids with a relatively low viscosity that pours
like water or light oil. More viscous liquids such as 10 or 20 wt. oils at 68-70-degree F will require
additional horsepower for centrifugal pumps to work. For viscous liquids of more than 30 wt. oils, positive
displacement pumps are preferred over centrifugal pumps to help lower energy costs.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 2

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

TYPES OF CENTRIFUGAL PUMP:

1. Depending on the number of impellers in the pump
a) Single-Stage
b) Two-Stage
c) Multi-Stage
Single-Stage:
This pump type houses only one impeller within its casing, making maintenance quite easy. A single-stage centrifugal
pump is best suited to low-pressure operations where a large flow rate is maintained.

Two-Stage:
A two-stage centrifugal pump possesses dual impellers functioning together to pump the associated process liquids.
It is a device best used in medium head applications.

Multi-Stage:
Multiple impellers (three or more) are required in this centrifugal pump system to achieve maximum efficiency.
Multi-stage pumps are best for high head applications.

2. According to the type of case-split:

The Orientation of case-split is another factor used to categorize Centrifugal pumps:
a) Axial split
b) Radial split
 Axial split:
 In these kinds of pumps, the volute casing is split axially and the split line at which the pump casing
separates is at the shaft’s centerline. Axial Split Pumps are typically mounted horizontally due to ease in
installation and maintenance.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 3

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

Radial split:
 Here, the pump case is split radially; the volute casing split is perpendicular to the shaft centerline.

3. According to the type of impeller design:

a) Single suction
b) Double suction
 
Single suction:
This kind of pump has a single suction impeller that allows fluid to enter the blades only through one side; It
has a simple design, but impeller has a higher axial thrust imbalance due to flow coming in on one side of
impeller only.

Double suction:
This pump comes with a double suction impeller that allows fluid to enter from both sides of the blades and
has lower NPSHR than a single suction impeller. Split-case pumps are the most common type of pump with
a double suction impeller.  

4. According to the type of volute:

Centrifugal pumps can also be categorized based on volute namely Single volute and Double volute:
a) Single volute
b) Double volute
Single volute:
This kind of pump Is usually used in small low-capacity pumps where a double volute design is impractical
due to a relatively small size of the volute passageway which makes obtaining good quality commercial
casting difficult. Pumps with single volute design have higher radial loads.

Double volute:
This kind of pump volute has two partial volutes which are located 180 degrees apart resulting in balanced
radial loads; most centrifugal pumps are of double volute design.

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE: -
 First, take the Centrifugal Pump and place it on basic Hydraulic Bench.
 Join the water delivery pipe and fill the tank up to certain level.
 Now open the foot valve of the pump and switch the pump on. Keep the delivery valve on and note
the reading on output or delivery pressure gauge.
 Open the delivery tube valve so that water is delivered to the output tank. Note the reading of
delivery pressure gauge.
 Use the stopwatch to calculate the time for the volume.
 Calculate flow rate for each reading.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 4

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

APPLICATIONS: -
Centrifugal pump uses are common throughout a diverse range of domestic, commercial, and industrial
markets. Examples of centrifugal pump applications include but are not limited to:
 Water supply for residential areas
 Fire protection systems
 Sewage/slurry disposal
 Food and beverage manufacturing
 Chemical manufacturing
 Oil and gas industrial operations

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS: -

FORMULA:
V
Q=
T

UNIT:
mm3/sec

Sr No. P1=Psuction P2=PDelivery P=P2-P1 Volume Time Q=V/t

(Bar) (Bar) (Bar) (m3) (sec) (m3/sec)

01 0 4 4 0 60 0

02 0 3 3 0.012 60 2 ×10-4

03 0 2 2 0.020 60 3.3 ×10-4

04 0 1 1 0.034 60 5.7 ×10-4

05 0 0 0 0.040 60 6.7 ×10-4

GRAPH: - Draw the graph between P and flow rate.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 5

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

P and Q(flow rate)

8

0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

CONCLUSION:
In this lab, we learned about different parts of a centrifugal pump. We learned about the usage of centrifugal
pumps and about the effect of change in pressure at suction and delivery on the flow rate of fluid.

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 6

Lab Manual Course Title: Fluid Mechanics Lab

Taxonomy Contributio Max. Obtained

Knowledge components Domain
level n marks marks
1. Student has conducted the
experiment by practicing the
hands on skills. Psychomoto
Precision (P3) 60% 15
2. Student has achieved r
required accuracy in
performance.
3. Student has contributed or
responded affectively in form Affective Respond (A2) 20% 5
of group or team.
4. Student has knowledge
regarding the experiment and
successfully applied the input Cognitive Apply (C3) 20% 5
values for required
calculations.

Total 25

Experiment Title: To study and draw the characteristic curves of a single centrifugal pump.

Course title: Fluid Mechanics Lab Total Marks: ___________

Practical No. 8 Date of experiment performed: 06-12-2021
Course teacher/Lab Instructor: Engr. Abdul Rehman Date of marking: ____________
Student Name: Uzair Akram
Registration no:20-ME-9

Marking Evaluation Sheet

Signed by Course teacher/ Lab Instructor

Lab Title: Fluid Mechanics 7