teqsturi dokumentebi da monacemTa bazebi

momxmarebelTa garkveuli nawili, kompiuterebis SeZenisa da masTan muSaobis

dawyebamde, yvelaze ufro amuSaveben teqstur dokumentebs. pirvel etapze
kompiuters gamoiyeneben rogorc moxerxebuli da `inteleqtualuri~ saweri
manqana. (mosamzadeblad, Sesanaxad, modifikaciisa da dabeWdvis yovlis SemZle
werilebisa, Temebis, statiebisa da a.S.)
ara mgonia vinmem dafiqrdes, rom am etapze isini iyeneben primitiul
informaciul sistemebs, romelic mocemul momentSi Sedgeba Semdegi
elementebisagan:

• teqsturi redaqtori, rogorc manipulireba teqstebTan.

• teqsturi failebis gzebi (monacemTa bazebi), rogorc damamuSavebeli
obieqtebi.
Semdeg etapze bevri teqstur fails iyenebs, rogorc `siaTa wigni~, sadac
olad Seitaneba `CamoTvliTi~ informacia, magaliTad: receptebi, nacnobebis
telefonis nomrebi, sakuTari videokartis katalogi, organizaciebis da a.S
aseT `siaTa wignebSi~ informaciis ganTavsebisa da warmodgenas igonebs
TviTon momxmarebeli. mag. iurists SeuZlia teqstur failSi ganaTavsos
klientebis sia. gvaris, saxelis, mamis saxelis, misamarTis, iuridiuli Temis
konsultaciis, da sxva monacemebis mixedviT.
raSi mdgomareobs aseTi midgomis arasrulfasovneba? monacemTa bazis
Seqmnisas Cven viswrafviT upirvelesad SeviqmnaT SesaZlebloba., pirvel rigSi _
davalagoT informacia sxvadasxva niSnebis mixedviT (magaliTad, konsultaciis
Temis mixedviT) da meore _ niSnebis mixedviT Cqar gafiltrvaSi informaciisa.
mag. klientebi, romlebic memkvidreobis sakiTxebze iyo konsultaciaze.
mxolod zemoT moyvanili monacemebis organizacia ver akeTebs verc erT da
verc meores, imitom rom informaciis dalageba teqstur formatSi gacilebiT
rTulia, vidre raRacis Calageba yuTSi. amasTanave kompiuteri ver SeZlebs
klientTa amorCevas konsultaciis 1 Temis mixedviT, Tu sxvadasxva klientTa
CamonaTvalSi erTi da igive Tema Cawerilia sxvadasxvanairad (mag.: “memkvidreoba”,
“memkvidre” da a.S.).
imisaTvis rom, kompiuterma uSecdomod SeZlos monacemTa sistematizacia,
saWiroa upirvelesyovlisa, gamovimuSaoT da davicvaT monacemebis Caweramde
zogierTi wesi monacemTa SesaZleblobebis Sesaxeb. misaRebia, zemod aRwerili
iuristis aRweril sistemaSi es niSnavs, rom konsultaciis Tema unda iyos
absoluturad erTnairi Canaweris yvela SemTxvevaSi. yvela Canawers klientebisa
unda gaaCndes erTnairi sigrZe (mag. klientze ori striqoni) monacemTa aRweris
gansazRvruli atributebi unda iyos erTi da igive (mag. Canaweri iwyeba gvariT,
iuridiuli konsultaciis Tema iwyeba meore striqonidan). kompiuteris
SesaZlebloba aseT procesis mixedviT. mianiWos monacems aseTi formati da
mniSvneloba, ewodeba informaciis struqturizacia, sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT,
struqturizacia – es ubralod monacemTa SeTanxmebuli Seyvanis warmodgenis
procesia. aqedan Cans, rom informaciuli sistema – esaa kompleqsi aparaturul-
programuli saSualebebisa da monacemTa Senaxvisa da manipulirebisaTvis.

2.1. monacemTa baza

informaciuli sistemis ZiriTadi obieqti da misi damuSaveba – monacemTa bazaa.

es aris realuri samyaros konkretuli obieqtebis TviTSefaseba, raRac areSi an
aris romelime ganyofilebaSi. magaliTad: monacemTa baza umaRles
saswavleblebSi, monacemTa baza medicinaSi (wamlebisaTvis), monacemTa baza
saamSeneblo masalisaTvis da a.S.
monacemTa bazis saxeebi – monacemTa baza TavisTavad warmoadgens monacemTa
struqturas, monacemTa modeli ki TavisTavad warmoadgens urTierTkavSiris
formalizebas.
ganasxvaveben monacemTa modelis 3 ZiriTad tips: ierarqiuls, qselurs da
relaciurs.
ierarqiuli struqtura warmoadgens elementebis erTobliobas, sadac erTi
donis monacemebi eqvemdebareba meore donis monacemebs, kavSiri maT Soris
gamoiyureba rogorc xe-s struqtura. aseT struqturaSi erTi elementi
gamomdinareobs meoresgan, amasTanave meoresTan dakavSirebulia sxva elementi da
a.S. magram avRniSnoT isic rom TiToeul elements hyavs erTi `mSobeli~ Tan
yuradReba mivaqcioT imas, rom ierarqiul struqturaSi elementi SeiZleba iyos
ara TviT obieqti, aramed mxolod ierarqiuli bazis obieqtis konkretuli
egzemplari. magaliTad: SeiZleba aiRoT Tqveni ojaxis genealogiuri xe.
arsebobs gacilebiT rTuli qseluri struqturebi, sadac yovel warmomSob
elements gaaCnia araumetes 1 warmomSobi elementi. qseluri modeli
ierarqiulisagan imiT gansxvavdeba, rom mocemuli qseluri struqturis yoveli
elementi dakavSirebulia nebismier sxva elementTan. rTuli qseluri struqturis
magaliTad SeiZleba warmovadginoT monacemTa bazis struqtura, romelic Seicavs
im moswavleebis Sesaxeb informacias, romlebic mecadineoben sxvadasxva wreebSi,
amasTanave SesaZlebelia erTi da imave moswavlis mecadineoba sxvadasxva wreebSi
da agreTve ramodenime moswavlis daswreba erT wreze da qseluri da ierarqiuli
struqtura SeiZleba SevaerToT erT organzomilebiani cxriliT.
relaciuri monacemTa bazebi. momxmareblisaTvis mosaxerxebeli da
kompiuterisaTvis iolad aRsaqmelia monacemTa warmodgena organzomilebiani
cxriliT. dRevandeli Tanamedrove informaciul sistemaTa umravlesoba muSaobs
swored aseT cxrilebTan. monacemTa bazebi, romlebic Sedgebian
organzomilebiani cxrilebisagan iwodebian relaciurad (inglisurad: “relation”
damokidebuleba) ZiriTadi idea relaciurobisa mdgomareobs imaSi, rom
warmovadginoT struqtura ubralo organzomilebiani cxrilis saxiT.
monacemTa realuri modelis magaliTad SeiZleba warmovadginoT moswavleTa
Sesaxeb informacia.

2.2. monacemTa relaciuri bazebi

rogorc kompiuterisaTvis aseve momxmareblisaTvis monacemTa wardgena ufro
xelsayrelia orobiTi cxrilis saxiT. Tanamedrove sainformacio sistemaTa
umravlesoba muSaobs aseTi cxrilebiT. monacemTa bazebs, romlebic Sedgeba
orobiTi cxrilebisagan relaciuri ewodeba (inglisurad: “relation” damokide-
buleba) relaciuri midgomis ZiriTadi idea mdgomareobs imaSi, rom monacemTa
struqtura warmodgenilia martivi cxrilis saxiT.

monacemTa relaciuri modelis magaliTad SeiZleba gamoviyenoT cxrili,

romelic Seicavs informacias moswavleebze.

rogorc mocemuli magaliTidan Cans, relaciuri cxrili Seicavs Semdeg

Tvisebebs:

• cxrilis TiToeuli strofi – monacemTa erTi elementia (cnobebi erT

moswavleze).

• cxrilis yvela sveti erTgvarovania, e.i. svetSi yvela elements erTnairi

tipi da sigrZe aqvs (mag: svetSi saxeli mocemulia moswavleTa saxelebi
araumetes 17 simbolis sigrZisa);

• TiToeul svets gaaCnia unikaluri saxeli (mag: cxriliSi ar aris saxelis

ori sveti);

• cxriliSi ar daiSveba erTnairi strofebi (Canaweri TiToeul moswavleze

keTdeba erTxel);

• strofebisa da svetebis Tanmimdevroba cxriliSi SeiZleba iyos pirobiTi

(cvalebadi) moswavleTa Setana cxriliSi xdeba skolaSi misvlisas, amitom
svetTa Tanmimdevrobas ara aqvs mniSvneloba;

monacemTa relaciuri bazebis struqturuli elementebi: relaciuri

cxrilis magaliTze ganvixiloT monacemTa bazebis ZiriTadi struqturuli
elementebi:
 1. relaciur (БД)-Si monacemTa nebismieri erToblioba warmodgenilia
organzomilebiani cxrilebis saxiT, zemoT aRwerili moswavleTa siis
mixedviT. garda amisa TiToeuli cxrili Sedgeba fiqsirebuli svetisagan
da zogierTi (cvalebadi) strofis raodenobisagan. svetebis aRweras
cxrilis makets uwodeben.

2. cxrilis yoveli sveti warmoadgens vels – monacemTa logikuri

organizaciis elementarul erTeuls, romelic Seesabameba informaciis
ganuyofel erTeuls monacemTa obieqtis rekvizits (mag: moswavlis gvari
misamarTi).

velis aRwerisas gamoiyeneba daxasiaTebebi:

• velis saxeli (mag: piradi saqmis #, gvari);

• velis tipi (mag: simboluri, TariRi);

• damatebiTi daxasiaTebebi (velis sigrZe formati, sizuste. mag: dabadebis

TariRis vels SeiZleba hqondes tipi `TariRi~ da sigrZe 8 (6 cifri da
ori wertili, romelic hyofs dRis, Tvis da wlis TariRebis Canawers)

3. cxrilis myofel strofs Canaweri ewodeba. Canaweri logikurad aerTianebs

yvela vels, romelic aRwers monacemTa erT obieqts, mag: cxrilSi 1.1
pirveli strofis yvela veli aRwers erT-erTi moswavlis monacemebs:
petrovi ivan vasilis Ze 12.03.89 wels dabadebuli, mcxovrebi gorkis q-ze,
a
12-34, swavlobs me-4 klasSi, piradi saqmis # V-69. sistemaSi Canawerebi
danomrilia rigis mixedviT: 1, 2,. . . . , n, sadac n – mocemul momentSi
cxriliSi CanawerTa saerTo ricxvia. cxrilSi velTa (svetTa) ricxvisagan
gansxvavebiT, БД eqspluataciis dros CanawerTa ricxvi icvleba (nulidan
– milionamde). velTa raodenobis, maTi saxelebisa da tipebis Secvlac
SeiZleba, magram es ukve gansakuTrebuli operaciaa, romelsac cxrilis
maketis Secvla ewodeba.

4. failis Caweris struqturaSi miuTiTeben vels, romelTa mniSvnelobac

martivi gasagebia da romelTac SeuZliaT Canaweris egzempliaris
identificireba. aseTi martivi gasaRebis magaliTi zemoaRniSnul
moswavleTa cxriliSi aris veli # piradi saqmis, romlis mniSvnelobac
gansazRvravs cxrilis erT obieqts – erT moswavles, radganac cxriliSi
ar aris erTnairi piradi saqmis nomris mqone moswavle.

5. TiToeli veli SeiZleba Sevides ramdenime cxriliSi (mag: veli gvari

SeiZleba Sevides Teatralur wreSi mosiaruleTa siis cxriliSi.
 2.3 monacemTa bazebis marTvis sistema da maTi
funqciebi
monacemTa bazebis Tanamedrove teqnologiaSi, monacemTa bazebis Sesaqmnelad,
mxardasaWerad da momsaxurebisaTvis gamoiyeneba specialuri saprogramo
uzrunvelyofa

_ monacemTa bazebis marTvis sistema (УБД) (mbms).

mbms – es aris programebisa da enebis kompleqsi, romlebic aucilebelia

monacemTa bazebis Sesaqmnelad da eqspluataciisaTvis.

monacemTa bazebis damuSavebis etapze mbms gamoiyeneba monacemis bazis

struqturis asaRwerad. cxrilTa da velTa raodenobis gansazRvra, monacemTa
tipis, velTa zomebis, cxrilTa Soris kavSiris gansazRvra. mbms umravlesoba
cxrilebTan erTad iTvaliswinebs specialuri saSualebebis Seqmnas monacemebTan
muSaobisas: formebis, kiTxvarebis.

monacemTa bazebis eqspluataciisas mbms uzrunvelyofs monacemTa bazebis

struqturaTa redaqtirebas, mis Sevsebas monacemebiT, Ziebas, sortirebas,
monacemTa SerCevas miwodebuli kriteriebiT, angariSebis formirebas.

ИСis-Si, romlebic muSaoben IBM-EerTobliv personalur kompiuterebze, didi

gavrceleba hpova e.w. d BASE - monacemTa bazebis sistemaTa marTvis msgavsi mag: D
BASE, Fox Pro da Clipper. momxmareblisaTvis mniSvnelovania is, rom gansxvavdebian
ra erTmaneTisagan sabrZanebo enebiTa indeqsuri failebis formatiT, yvela es
bmbs gamoiyenebs monacemTa bazebis erTi da igive failebs .DBF-s gafarToebiT,
romelTa formatic garkveuli droiT monacemTa bazebis standarti gaxda.

d BASE-Si БД-s msgavsebi faqtiurad gamoiyeneba monacemTa organizaciis

relaciur midgomaSi, e.i. yoveli faili. DBF warmoadgens organzomilebian
cxrils, romelic Sedgeba svetebis fiqsirebuli da strofebis (Canawerebis)
cvalebadi ricxvebisagan. terminSi, romlebic miRebulia teqnikur
dokumentaciaSi, yovel svets Seesabameba xuTi tipis erT-erTi veli (N-
ricxobrivi, C-simboluri, D-TariRi, L-logikuri, M- SeniSvna), xolo yovel
strofs - fiqsirebuli sigrZis Canaweri, romelic Sedgeba velTa fiqsirebuli
ricxvisagan. mbms-s sabrZanebo (sakarnaxo) enebis daxmarebiT iqmneba da swordeba
failebis maketebi. DBF (cxriliTa aRwera), iqmneba indeqsuri failebi, iRwereba
monacemTa bazebTan muSaobis procedurebi (kiTxva, Zebna, monacemTa modifikacia)
angariSis Seqmna da bevri sxva). DBF failis gansakuTrebuloba mdgomareobs mis
simartivesa da TvalsaCinoebaSi: monacemTa fizikuri wardgena diskze, zustad
Seesabameba qaRaldze warmodgenil cxrils. Tumca mTlianobaSi DBF failebis
safuZvelze Seqmnili sistemebi, SeiZleba moZvelebulad CaiTvalos.
 didi popularobiT sargebloben sxva mbms(failebis sxva formatiT) Paradox,
Clarion da sxva. unda aRiniSnos, rom CamoTvlil sistemebs mivyavarT MS DOS-
STamomavlobasTan, Tumca dReisaTvis TiTqmis yvela maTgani srulyofilia da
gaaCnia versiebi Windows-saTvis.

Tanamedrove relaciur sistemebs Soris ufro popularulia СУБД (mbms)

Windows-saTvis - Access Microsoft –is firmis, Lotus-firmis Approach, Borland -Ffirmis
Paradox. bevri am sistemidan OLE-s teqnologias emxrobian da SeuZliaT aramarto
teqsturi da ricxobrivi informaciebiT manipulireba, aramed grafikuli
formebiTac (naxatebiT, fotosuraTebiT), xmovani fragmentebiTa da videoklipe-
biTac. CamoTvlil mbms (СУБД) xSirad samagidos uwodeben, radgan mxedvelobaSi
aqvT monacemTa mcire moculoba, Tumca maTTan xSirad muSaoben aramarto
individualuri momxmarebeli, aramed mTeli koleqtivebic (gansakuTrebiT
lokalur gamoTvliT qselebSi).

amasTanave Tanamedrove sainformacio teqnologiebis centrSi TandaTanobiT

gadmodis ufro Zlieri relaciuri СУБД e.w. SQL-SeRweviT. am СУБД safuZvlad
udevs e.w. `klient-serveris~ teqnologia. aseTi sistemebis wamyvan mwarmoebelTa
Soris aris-Oracle formebi, Centura (gurta), Sybase, Informix, Microsoft da sxvebi.

2.4. monacemTa tipebi monacemTa bazebSi

sainformacio sistemebi muSaoben Semdegi monacemebis ZiriTadi tipebiT.

teqsturi monacemebi. yoveli teqsturi (simboluri) monacemis mniSvneloba

warmodgenilia alfavitur-cifruli simboloebis erTobliobiT, romlis sigrZe
xSir SemTxvevaSi 255 ar aWarbebs (mag: 5, 10, 140) is -Si teqstobrivi monacemebiT
warmodgenilia adamianTa gvarebi da Tanamdebobebi, firmebis saxelwodebebi,
produqtebis, xelsawyoebis da a.S. kerZo SemTxvevaSi teqsturi monacemis
mniSvneloba SeiZleba romelime failis saxeli iyos, romelic mocemuli sigrZis
arastruqturul informacias Seicavs (mag: obieqtis biografias an fotosuraTs).
faqtiurad es struqturirebuli gzavnilia, romelic saSualebas iZleva mkveTrad
gaafarTovos Tqveni cxrilis informaciuloba.

ricxobrivi monacemebi. am tipis monacemebi Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba atributebis

warsadgenad, romelTa mniSvnelobasTan ariTmetikuli operaciebi unda CavataroT
(wonis, fasis, koeficientis da a.S) ricxobriv monacems, rogorc wesi, gaaCnia
damatebiTi daxasiaTebebi, mag: 2 baitis sigrZis mTeli ricxvi) mocurave
wertiliani ricxvi (4 baiti) fiqsirebul formatSi da a.S. mTelsa da wiladis
gamyofad Cveulebriv gamoiyeneba wertili.

TariRisa da drois tipis monacemebi: TarRis tipis monacemebi miewodeba raRac

manqanis formatSi, mag: ДД М ГГ (dRe, Tve, weli) erTi SexedviT - es teqsturi
monacemis kerZo SemTxvevaa, Tumca gansakuTrebuli tipis gamoyenebas TariRi-
saTvis is--Si gaaCnia Semdegi upiratesobani:

pirvel rigSi, sistemas eZleva saSualeba awarmoos mkacri kontroli (mag:

Tvis mniSvneloba diapazonSi SeiZleba iyos mxolod diskretuli),

meored is, rom ama Tu im qveynis tradiciebidan gamomdinare, Cndeba saSualeba

TariRis formatis avtomatizirebuli wardgenisa (mag: aSS-Si miRebulia ММ ДД
ГГ formati (dRe, Tve, weli).

mesame – programirebisas ariTmetikuli operaciebi TariRebze mniSvnelovnad

martivdeba (mosinjeT magaliTad, xeliT gamovTvaloT TariRi mowodebuli
ricxvis 57 dRis Semdeg) igive upiratesoba gaaCnia drois mocemuli tipis
gamoyenebas.

logikuri monacemebi. am tipis monacemebs SeuZliaT gamoiyenos mxolod erTi,

ori urTierTgamomricxavi mniSvnelobidan True an False (pirobiTad 1 an 0).
faqtiurad es gadamrTvelia, romlis mniSvnelobis interpretireba SeiZleba
rogorc `ki~ da `ara~ an rogorc `WeSmaritoba~ da `mcdaroba~. logikuri tipis
gamoyeneba mosaxerxebelia im atributisaTvis, romlebsac SeuZliaT miiRon erTi,
ori urTierTgamomricxavi mniSvnelobidan, mag: marTvis mowmobis arseboba ( ki-
ara) samxedrovaldebuli (ki-ara) da a.S.

OLE-s obieqtTa velebi. aseTi monacemis mniSvneloba SeiZleba iyos OLE –s

nebismieri obieqti, romelic aris kompiuterze (grafika, bgera, video) nawilobriv
moswavleTa siaSi SeiZleba CairTos moswavlis aramarto statistikuri suraTi,
aramed misi xmac.

samomxmareblo tipebi. bevr sistemaSi momxmarebels eZleva saSualeba Seqmnas

monacemTa sakuTari tipebi, mag: `kviris dRe~ (orSabaTi ,samSabaTi da a.S.)
`misamarTi~ (safosto indeqsi, qalaqi) da sxva.

kerZo SemTxvevaSi teqsturi monacemis mniSvneloba SeiZleba iyos prabelTa

erToblioba, xolo ricxviTi monacemis mniSvneloba-nuli. Tuki cxriliSi
saerTod ar aris Seyvanili informacia, mniSvneloba iqneba carieli (Null)ar unda
avurioT Null (monacemTa ar arseboba) nulSi an prabelebSi. bevr sistemaSi
momxmareblisaTvis mniSvnelovania obieqtis romelime egzemplarisaTvis
misamarTis ar arsebobis dafiqsireba (mag: misamarTis ar arseboba `misamarTi is
null) Tu tabulis aseT strofSi SemTxveviT SeviyvanT prabels, sistema CaTvlis,
rom misamarTi Seyvanilia da mocemuli egzemplari umisamarToTa siaSi ar
moxvdeba.

umartivesi is-s Seqmnis teqnologia da eqspluatacia ganvixiloT СУБД Microsoft

Access-is magaliTze, romlebic Microsoft Office 2000-is programis paketSi Sedis.
 3. ras warmoadgens MICROSOFT ACCESS-i
Microsoft Access monacemTa relaciuri bazebis marTvis sistemaa, romelic
gaTvaliswinebulia avtomatur pk -zeEsamuSaod an Microsoft Windows–is marTvis qveS
myofi lokalur-gamoTvliT qselSi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqaT, MS Access- es aris
instrumentalur saSualebaTa krebuli informaciuli sistemebis Sesadgenad da
eqspluataciisaTvis. Acceess saSualebebiT SeiZleba SevasruloT Semdegi
operaciebi:

1. is-s sabazo obieqtebis proeqtireba _ organzomilebiani cxrilebi

monacemTa sxvadasxva tipebiT, OLE -s obieqtTa velebis damatebiT.

2. cxriliTa Soris kavSiris dadgena, monacemTa mTlianobis dacviT,

CanawerTa kaskaduri gaaxleba da waSla.

3. informaciis kontrolis sxvadasxva saSualebebis gamoyenebiT cxrilebidan

monacemTa arCeva, Seyvana, Senaxva, daTvaliereba, sortireba da
modifikacia, logikuri algebris aparatisa da cxriliTa indeqsireba
(monacemTa filtraciisTvis (gawmendisTvis)).

4. is–s obieqtTa gamoyeneba, Seqmna da modifikacia (formaTa, angariSTa da

kiTxvarTa), romelTa daxmarebiTac xorcieldeba Semdegi operaciebi:

• samomxmareblo Seyvanis optimizacia da monacemTa daTvaliereba

(formebi);

• monacemTa Sejameba sxvadasxva cxrilebidan;

• jgufuri operaciebis Catareba (e.i. operaciebi Canawerebis jgufebze,

romlebic gaerTianebuli arian raRac niSniT), gamoTvliTi velebis
formirebiTa da angariSiT;

• monacemTa SerCeva logikuri algebris aparatis gamoyenebiT (kiTxvarebi);

• beWduri angariSis Sedgena monacemebis mixedviT, romlebic inaxeba

cxrilebSi da БД–s kiTxvarebSi.

MS Access-s gaaCnia obieqtTa vizualuri proeqtirebis Zlieri, mosaxerxebeli,

moqnili saSualebebi da es aZlevs momxmarebels saSualebas minimaluri
momzadebisas sakmaod Cqara Seqmnas srulyofili is-cxrilebis formebis,
kiTxvarebisa da angariSis doneze.
 3.1 Ms Access-Tan muSaobis teqnologia
Tqven SegiZliaT gauSvaT MS Access da misi muSaoba daasruloT Widows–Si
gaTvaliswinebuli nebismieri standartuli xerxiT.

MS Access-is damuSavebis obieqti aris monacemTa bazis faili, romelsac

gaaCnia

saxeli da gafarToeba MDB. am failSi Sedis MS Access-is ZiriTadi obieqtebi:

cxrilebi formebi, kiTxvarebi, angariSebi, gverdebi, makrosebi da modulebi,
rogorc naCvenebia nax.1.1 CatvirTvis Semdeg Access-i Tqvensgan elodeba Semdegi
brZanebebidan erT-erTs:

• an unda Seqmna axali monacemTa baza, e.i. faili MDB;

• mb-s Seqmna. monacemTa axali bazis Seqmnis varianti, an brZaneba Ffailis

Seqmna. arCevis Semdeg, ekranze standartuli faili Cndeba, romelSic
saWiro papka unda gavxsnaT da mivawodoT monacemTa bazis failis saxeli.
mag: rogorc naCvenebia nax. 1.2 Cveni monacemis bazisaTvis Cven avirCieT
papka Cemi dokumentebi, xolo failis saxeli – jgufi MDB.

failis Seqmnis Semdeg Access-i xsnis monacemTa bazis cariel fanjaras da am

fanjaraSi SeiZleba yvela operaciis Catareba obieqtebis Seqmna da manipulireba.

MS Access-i aris mravalfanjriani danamati, Tumca nebismier momentSi monacemTa

bazis mxolod erTi fanjris gaxsna SeiZleba. zustad misi fanjara aris mTavari
Access-is dokumentebSi da misi daxurva MDB-s Sesatyvisi failis daxurvas
niSnavs.

monacemTa bazebis fanjara warmoSobs obieqtTa mraval Svilobil fanjaras

(cxrilebi, kiTxvarebi, formebi da a.S) da yoveli aseTi fanjara SeiZleba iyos
avtonomiurad daxuruli WINDOWS-is standartis nebismieri xerxiT.

garda amisa, fanjris ar daxurvisas, Tqven SegiZliaT SeinarCunoT (SeinaxoT)

obieqti, mag: cxrilis maketi), romlis fanjarac aris ekranze da mianiWoT mas
saxeli zustad iseve, rogorc es failebTan xdeba: brZanebiT faili - Senaxva an
faili Senaxva rogorc nebismieri obieqtis fanjarasTan (Svilobil fanjarasTan)
SeiZleba imuSao an operatiul reJimSi (mag:Seiyvano da daaTvaliero cxrilis
monacemebi), an konstruqtoris reJimSi (mag: Secvalo cxrils maketi).
 3.2. MS ACCESS ZiriTadi cnebebi

MS ACCESS-is obieqtebi
forma ar aris access-is damoukidebeli obieqti. is ubralod gvexmareba
informaciis SeyvanaSi, daTvalierebasa da modificirebaSi cxriliSi an
kiTxvarSi. kiTxvarebi da angariSebi asruleben damoukidebel funqciebs: arCeven,
ajgufeben, waradgenen da beWdaven informacias. monacemebSi Seyvanis gverdebi
warmoadgenen WEB-gverdis specialur tips, romelic gamoiyeneba internetis an
kidev intrakavSiris meSveobiT dasaTvaliereblad an samuSaod, romlebic inaxeba
Microsoft Access-is an Microsoft SQL Server-is monacemTa bazaSi. gverdebis daxmarebiT
momxmarebels SeuZlia monacemebi Seiyvanos, redaqtireba moaxdinos da waSalos
monacemebTa bazidan.

MS Access-is yovel obieqts aqvs saxeli. Microsoft Access-Si velTa saxelebze,

marTvis elementebsa da obieqtebze vrceldeba Semdegi SezRudvebi:

• saxeli 64 simboloze mets ar unda Seicavdes.

• saxeli SeiZleba Seicavdes asoebis, cifrebis, prabelebis da specialuri
simboloebis nebismier kombinacias, garda wertilisa(.). Zaxilis
niSanisa(!), brWyalebisa (`~), da kvadratuli frCxilisa([ ]).
• ar unda iwyebodes prabeliT.
• ar unda Seicavdes mmarTvel simboloebs (0-dan 31-mde kodebiT)
• cxrilis saxelebSi, wardgenebsa da Microsoft Access-is proeqtSi Senaxuli
procedurebSi ar unda iyos pirdapiri brWyalebi (`~).
Tumca velTa saxelebis Sig, marTvis elementebsa da obieqtebSi prabelebi
aris xelmisawvdomi, zogierTi garemoebisas Visual Basic-is programebSi maT
SeuZliaT konfliqti gamoiwvion.

monacemTa tipebi
cxrili 2.2

monacemTa tipi gamoyeneba zoma

teqsti an ricxvTa da teqstTa kombinacia, mag:

misamarTebi, agreTve ricxvebi, romlebic ar iTxoven 255 simbo-
teqsturi
gamoTvlas mag. telefonTa nomrebi, inventarTa lomde
nomrebi an safosto indeqsebi
 ricxobrivi monacemebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba 1,2,4 an 8 baiti.
maTematikuri gamoTvlebisaTvis, finansuri 16 baiti mxo-
angariSebis gamoklebiT (maTTvis gamoiyeneba tipi lod repli-
ricxobrivi
`fuladi~). ricxvis tipis ufro zusti kaciis ko-
gansazRvrisaTvis gamoiyeneT Tviseba velis zoma debisaTvis.
(field Side) (GUID)

GgrZeli teqsti an ricxvebi, mag. SeniSvnebi an 64000

veli MEMO
aRwerebi simbolomde

TariRi, dro TariRebi da droebi (vadebi) 8 baiti

valutis mniSvneloba. fuladi tipi gamoiyeneba

gamoTvlisas damrgvalebis Tavidan acilebis mizniT.
fuladi 8 baiti
ricxvis mTel nawilSi igulisxmeba 15 simbolomde
da 4 wiladSi.

Canawerebis damatebisas momdevno (1-iT gazrdili)

da SemTxveviTi ricxvebis avtomaturi Camateba.
4 baiti. 16
velis am tipi gamoyeneba mosaxerxebelia cxrilis
baiti mxolod
pirveladi gasaRebisaTvis. aseTi velebis mniSv-
mricxveli replikaciis
nelobis mixedviT Access-i avtomaturad irCevs
kodebisaTvis.
rigobiT nomrebs (1.2.3.4. . ) SemdegSi nomeri ar
(GUID)
icvleba (waSlisa da axali Canawerebis CarTvis
miuxedavad.

velebi, romlebic Seicaven erTs, ori SesaZlebeli 1 baiti

logikuri mniSvnelobidan, rogorebicaa `ki~/ `ara~,
`WeSmariteba~/ `tyuili~, `CarTva~/`gamorTva~.

sxva programebSi Seqmnili obieqtebi, romlebic

gamoiyeneben OLE oqms (mag: Microsoft Word-is
dokumentebi, Microsoft Excel-is eleqtronuli 1 gigabaitamd-
OLE-s obieqtis cxrilebi, naxatebi, bgerebi da sxva orobiTi mona- e(diskis mocu-
veli cemebi). obieqtebi SeiZleba iyos dakavSirbuli an loba gansazRv-
gadawerili Microsoft Access-is cxriliSi OLE-s rulia)
obieqtis gamosaxatad an angariSisTvis aucilebelia
gamoviyenoT obieqtis mierTebuli CarCo

veli, romelSicinaxeba gipeersilka, romelTac 64000

hipersilka
gaaCnia gzis saxe an URL-misamarTi simbolomde

qmnis vels, romelic iZleva saSualebas airCios igive zoma,

mniSvnelobaTa CamonaTvalidan, siis velis rac I-ad gasa-
ostati gamoyenebiT. mocemuli parametris arCevisas tipTa Rebs gaaCnia
monacemebis siaSi CauSveben ostats, am velis Cveulebriv 4
avtomaturi gansazRvrisaTvis. baiti.
 velis marTvis elementisa da obieqtis saxelis gansazRvrisas, kargia
SevamowmoT, xom ar emTxveva es saxeli xarisxis an sxva elementis saxels (rusuli
saxelebisTvis aseTi
situacia SeiZleba warmoiSvas xarisxis an funqciis saxelTan damTxvevisas,
romelsac gansazRvravs momxmarebeli).
monacemTa bazis yovel obieqtTan samuSao sruldeba calkeul fanjaraSi,
amasTan gaTvaliswinebulia muSaobis ori reJimi:
1) operatiuli reJimi, roca xdeba informaciis daTvaliereba, Secvla da
SerCeva;
2) konstruqtoris reJimi, roca iqmneba an icvleba maketi, obieqtis struqtura
(mag. cxrilis struqtura).
garda amisa, monacemTa bazis failSi Sedis kidev erTi dokumenti, romelsac
sakuTari fanjara gaaCnia: monacemTa sqema. am fanjaraSi Cven vqmniT, vaTvalierebT,
vcvliT da vwyvetT kavSirs cxrilebs Soris. es kavSiri gvexmareba monacemTa
gakontrolebaSi, angariSebisa da kiTxvarebis SeqmnaSi
monacemTa bazis fanjaraSi Cven vxedavT sam sabrZanebo Rilaks (gaxsna,
konstruqtori da Seqmna) da Svid damatebas (Acceess-is ricxvis mixedviT)
gadamfurclavs: cxrili, kiTxvari, forma, angariSi, gverdebi, makrosi da moduli.
Tu arCeulia romelime damateba, maSin mis fanjaraSi Cndeba am tipis arsebuli
obieqtebis sia.
mag. Tu avirCevT damatebas cxrilis fanjaraSi gamoCndeba Ria monacemTa bazis
cxrilebis sia. cxrili rom gavxsnaT, saWiroa am siaSi gamovyoT misi saxeli da
davaWiroT Rilaks gaxsna. mb-Si rom CavrToT axali cxrili, saWiroa davaWiroT
Rilaks Seqmna. arsebuli cxrilis maketis gasasworeblad, saWiroa siaSi gamovyoT
misi saxeli da davaWiroT Rilaks konstruqtori.

Access-is mb-is sxva obieqtebTan sruldeba aseTive operaciebi. (mb monacemTa

bazebi). Tu avirCevT brZanebas gasworeba - monacemTa sqema (an davaWerT
instrumentTa panelis Sesabamis Rilaks), ekranze gamoCndeba monacemTa sqemis
dokumentis fanjara.
horizontaluri menius punqtebis krebuli da instrumentTa panelebis
Sedgeniloba damokidebulia dokumentis fanjris tipze da reJimze, romelic
aqtiuria mocemul momentSi. mag.cxrilis fanjaras operaciul reJimSi gaaCnia
Rilaki amoWra, dajgufeba zrdis mixedviT da a.S. xolo konstruqtoris reJimSi
Rilakebi: Tvisebebi gasaRebis gansazRvra da a.S. instrumentTa panelebTan
muSaoba Windows-is standarts eqvemdebareba.

monacemTa tipebi, romelTa velebi SeiZleba iyos Microsoft Access-Si moyvanilia 2..2
cxrilSiю
SeniSvna: velTa tipebi `ricxobrivi~, `TariRi~/`dro~, `fuladi~ da
`logikuri~ gaaCniaT monacemTa daskvnis winaswargansazRvruli formatebi.
daskvnis formati SeiZleba avirCioT Format-is velis formatis Tvisebis birTvSi.
agreTve SeiZleba SevqmnaT daskvnebis sakuTari formatebi yvela monacemTaTvis,
garda OLE-s obieqtebisa.

3.3. Microsoft Access-is cnobaris gamoyeneba

Microsoft Access-is Zlieri sacnobaro sistema gaaCnia kiTxvebis gaCenis

SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba mimarToT Office-is damxmares. muSaobis dros damxmare
avtomaturad waradgens cnobis ganyofilebebsa da rCevebs Sesasrulebeli
amocanebis mixedviT _ kiTxviT mimarTvis gareSe ki. mag: angariSis damuSavebisas
damxmares avtomaturad gamoyavs ganyofilebebis saxelebi, romlebic angariSis
Seqmnasa da damuSavebaSi exmareba.

cnobis misaRebad SeiZleba visargebloT brZaneba cnobari Microsoft Access-Si

meniu cnobar-Si an davaWiroT klaviSs -F1, Tu damxmare CarTulia, is gamoCndeba
ekranze. Tu damxmare gamorTulia, ekranze cnobaris fanjara gamoCndeba, romelic
1.4 naxatzea naCvenebi.
cnobaris Sinaarsis dasaTvaliereblad gadadiT saniSnSi SinaarsSi.
konkretuli sityvebiTa da frazebiT moZebnisas gadadiT saniSnSi указатель.
cnobaris fanjaraSi kiTxvis Sesayvanad gadadiT `pasuxTa ostatSi~, mieciT kiTxva
da dahkariT Rilaks povna. amis Semdeg cnobaris fanjris marjvena mxares
gamoyvanili iqneba sakarnaxo teqsti an napovni ganyofilebis siaSi gamoyvanili
iqneba karnaxi `dawereT Tqveni kiTxva~. rom davaTvalieroT karnaxi menius brZa-
nebisaTvis, instrumentis panelis RilakisaTvis ekranis garSemo, meniuSi airCieT
справка punqti что это такое? xolo Semdeg elementi, monacemebi romlis mixedviTac
moiTxoveba daTvaliereba.
rom davaTvalieroT dialogis fanjris karnaxi, dialogur fanjaraSi
daaWireT kiTxviT niSnian Rilaks, Semdeg dahkariT saWiro parametrs. (Tu kiTxviT
niSniani Rilaki ar gamoisaxeba, maSin gamoyaviT parametri da daaWireT klaviSebs
Shift+F1). instrumentis panelze rom vnaxoT Rilakebis dasaxelebebi, SeaCereT
Tagvis maCvenebeli saWiro Rilakze, sanam ar gamoCndeba misi dasaxeleba.

Microsoft Office 2000 yvelaze bolo monacemebis wardgena rom uzrunvelyoT,

cnobarSi CarTulia sxva cnobarTa wyaroebis gzavnilebi. mag: cnobaris romelime
ganyofilebis monacemebi SeiZleba iyos Sevsebuli Sesatyvisi WEB-gverdis
monacemebiT, mag: WEB qselidan Microsoft Office Update. amasTanave SeiZleba SevaRwioT
teqnikuri mxardaWeris momsaxurebaSi da CavtvirToT programis ufaso gafar-
Toeba WEB qselTan Microsoft-is korporaciis misaerTeblad Office-s nebismieri
programidan gamoiyeneba brZaneba Office на WEB meniudan справка