HOW TO USE THIS SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING

MATERIAL (SLM)
Before you start answering the SLeM, I want you to set aside other tasks that will
disturb you while enjoying the lessons. Read the simple instructions below to
successfully enjoy the objectives of this kit. Have fun!

Follow carefully all the contents and instructions indicated in every page of this
SLeM.
Write on your notebook or any writing pad the concepts about the lessons.
Writing enhances learning, that is important to develop and keep in mind.
Perform all the provided activities in the SLeM. Write your answers in the
ANSWER SHEET provided.
Let your facilitator/guardian assess your answers.
Analyze conceptually the posttest and apply what you have learned. Enjoy
studying!
PARTS OF THE SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING
MATERIAL

Expectations - These are what you will be able to know after completing
the lessons in the SLeM.

Pre-test - This will measure your prior knowledge and the concepts to be mastered
throughout the lesson.

Looking Back - This section will measure what learnings and skills that you
understand from the previous lesson.

Brief Introduction- This section will give you an overview of the lesson.

Activities - These are activities designed to develop critical thinking and other
competencies. This can be done with or without a partner depending on the
nature of the activity.

Remember - This section summarizes the concepts and applications of the lessons.

Checking your Understanding – This will verify how you learned from the lesson.

Post-test - This will measure how much you have learned from the entire
SLeM.
Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer that best completes the
sentence or answers the question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
• A body’s chemical messenger secreted throughout the body that play an
important role in the reproductive system refers to:
PRETEST
• glands C. toxins
• hormones D. neurons
• What region of the brain produces gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH) which stimulates FSH and LH in the anterior pituitary glands?
• Thalamus C. Hypothalamus
• Midbrain D. Cerebrum
• Which of the following hormones facilitate spermatogenesis and
testosterone production?
• Estrogen and progesterone
• Follicle stimulating hormone and inhibin
• Follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone
• Gonadotropin-releasing hormone and luteinizing hormone
• Which of the following statements is TRUE about Estrogen and
Progesterone?
• Estrogen is responsible in the development of secondary sex characteristics
while Progesterone are mainly responsible for the thickening of uterus
during pregnancy
• Both Estrogen and Progesterone are responsible in thickening of the uterus
and inhibits FSH and LH for most of the cycle.
• Estrogen is responsible in the secretion of GnRH while Progesterone is to
produce LH and FSH.
• Both A and B are correct.

• If LH production was blocked, which of the following might happen?

A. Testosterone will decrease.
• Testosterone will increase.
• GnRH will decrease.
• Inhibin will increase.

LOOKING BACK TO YOUR LESSON

Do you still remember the first lesson your teacher taught you about
female and male reproductive system? Let me test you by doing this simple
activity. Fill in the missing letters and describe each word referring to the
 functions of each part of the female and the male reproductive system. For
the next part, locate/place the correct part in each given box to complete
the figure. Write your answers on a separate sheet

Have you ever wondered how your body develops? Individuals undergo
changes in their body as they grow older. Humans experience growth of pubic
hair, development of breasts, deeper voice, broader shoulders, and growth.
Take note that male have specific development as well as with the female. As
you have learned in your previous lesson, hormones play important roles in
our body. It regulates and balance the functions of organs, tissues, and cells.
Thus, reproduction is basically controlled by hormones.
Reproduction involves complex process where hormones are vital for the
development of individuals as they reach the puberty stage. It requires the
action of hormones from the pituitary gland, the adrenal cortex, and the
gonads. Hormones have specific functions in the male and female reproductive
systems. Generally, both female and male reproductive systems involve
common hormones but, female reproductive is more complex than the
male. In this module, you will learn more about the role of hormones
involved in the female and male reproductive system and its responsibility in
such changes in our body.

Objective: Identify the hormones and glands involved in the female and male
reproductive system

Activity 1: Riddle Time!

Directions: Label with the correct hormone or gland in each item. Remember
that you are

LESSON 1: Know Your Hormones!

Your body undergoes changes and development. These changes result
from the special chemical messengers secreted into your bloodstream----
these are called hormones. These signaling chemicals bring about major
changes in our body even though they are produced in microscopic amounts
by the endocrine glands, such as the pituitary gland, ovaries, and testes.
During puberty, the hypothalamus, a region of the brain, secretes
Gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) that signals the anterior pituitary
gland to release two hormones: follicle- stimulating hormone (FSH) and
luteinizing hormone (LH). In males, both FSH and LH enter the testes. FSH
stimulates the production of sperm cells. LH instead stimulates the release of
the hormone testosterone, which is responsible for the development of male
secondary sex characteristics such as deepening of voice and formation of
facial hairs. In females, the control of reproduction is more complex where FSH
stimulates the development of egg cells, called ova while LH also plays a vital
role to its development.
Egg cells are developed in structures called follicles, which produce
estrogen and progesterone. Estrogen assists in the endometrial (lining of the
uterus) growth, ovulation, and calcium absorption. It is also the female
counterpart of testosterone as it induces the development of female secondary
sex characteristics such as breast development and formation of rounded
hips. Progesterone, although produced by both sexes, is more commonly
known for its function in females, particularly in the body’s preparation for the
implantation of the fertilized egg into the uterus during pregnancy.
Remember that every hormone in your body has special roles. It
maintains the balance of the development of our body especially needed for
reproduction. Do you want to know more about your hormones? Let us
continue!

REMEMBER!
Hormones are chemical messengers released by endocrine glands. In both males and females,
hormones play an important role in the development and function of the reproductive system.

Activity 2: Follow the Arrow

Objective: Determine how hormones influence the male and female
reproductive system
Directions: Fill in the blanks to complete the names of the hormones involved
in the regulation of the male and female reproductive system. Write your
answer on a separate

Lesson 2: It’s In the Flow!

The male reproductive system is largely under the control of hormones.
At the start of puberty, the hypothalamus starts to release Gonadotropin-
releasing hormones (GnRH) signaling the anterior pituitary gland to secrete
follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The FSH
stimulates the Sertoli cells in the testes to produce sperm. The LH, on the
other hand, stimulates the Leydig cells of testes to produce and secrete
testosterone into the testes and the bloodstream. Testosterone is the male
hormone responsible for the appearance of male secondary sex characteristics,
aside from its role in spermatogenesis (sperm production).
When the sperm count is enough, testosterone from the Leydig cells and
the inhibin from the Sertoli cells signal the anterior pituitary gland and
hypothalamus to stop producing GnRH, FSH, and LH completing the cycle
of hormonal regulation of the male reproductive system.
Now let us take a look the female side. Regulation of the female
reproductive system is a process that involves the action of hormones released
by the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary gland. During puberty stage,
the hypothalamus produces Gonadotropinreleasing hormone (GnRH) which
activates the release of Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing
hormone (LSH) from the anterior pituitary gland. These hormones travel in the
blood to the ovaries and stimulate the production of reproductive hormones.
These hormones regulate the ovaries and called as gonadotropins. FSH
stimulates the development of egg cells together with LH. Moreover, LH also
plays a vital role in the stimulation of Estrogen and Progesterone, known as
reproductive hormones, responsible in the secondary sex characteristics and
preparation of the uterus for pregnancy, respectively.

Good to Know!
Hormones play important roles in both male and female reproductive
systems:
Male Female

The hypothalamus releases Gonadotropin -releasing hormone (GnRH) to the anterior

pituitary gland

The anterior pituitary gland in turn The anterior pituitary gland in turn
releases FSH and LH to the testes releases FSH and LH to the ovaries

FSH facilitates sperm production in the Estrogen and Progesterone are secreted
testes and testosterone is released by from the ovaries that cause the develop-
the testes to stimulate the development ment of sexual characteristics of female in
of secondary sex characteristics preparation of the uterus for pregnancy

Checking your Understanding

Directions: Analyze the diagram as shown to the right then answer the
questions below. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Observation Questions:
• What region of the brain that
secretes GnRH?
• What hormones involved in the
female and male reproductive
system?
Critical Thinking Questions:
• Do you think the diagram
exhibits the hormonal
production involved in both
male and female reproductive
system? Explain
• What might happen to your
body when one of the
reproductive hormones,
Progesterone, oversecretes
during the process?
• How will you describe the
regulatory function of
hypothalamus in the endocrine
system?
• What do you think might
happen to the sperm count if the
testes releases too much
testosterone?
Care and Concern for others:
• Why is it important to take care
of yourself during puberty
stage?
• How can you show respect
Take Note
appreciation of one’s unique appearance?

• Hormones play an important role in both male and female reproductive

systems.
• The hypothalamus releases GnRH to the anterior pituitary gland and in
turn releases Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone
(LH) to the testes in male and ovaries in female
• FSH facilitates sperm production in the testes and testosterone is released
by the testes to stimulate the development of secondary sex
characteristics.

• Estrogen and Progesterone are secreted from the ovaries that cause the
development of sexual characteristics of female in preparation of the
uterus for pregnancy.

• It is important to take good care of ourselves through proper hygiene and

observe proper manner and show respect in individual differences.

Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer that best completes the
sentence or answers the question. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.
• What gland secretes FSH and LH which are responsible in the development
of the egg cells?
POST TEST
• Hypothalamus C. Midbrain
• Gonads D. Anterior Pituitary
• All statements are true about reproductive hormones, Progesterone and
Estrogen EXCEPT
• Estrogen and Progesterone both secreted from the ovaries and causes the
secondary sexual characteristics and prepare the body for pregnancy
• Estrogen and Progesterone are reproductive hormones that makes the body
change in appearance like development of breasts, growth of pubic hair, and
menstruation during the puberty stage .
• Estrogen and Progesterone are secreted by the Hypothalamus for the
development of the egg cells.
• Estrogen and Progesterone are reproductive hormones that are vital in the
growth and development of the body.
• What hormone is the male counterpart of estrogen?
• Estradiol C. Luteinizing hormone
• Inhibin D. Testosterone
• What are the hormones secreted by the testes that regulate the number of
sperm cells produced by the males?
• GnRH and FSH C. Inhibin and Testosterone
• FSH and LH D. Testosterone and Estrogen
• Which hormones are responsible in controlling reproduction specifically in
the development of egg cells (ova)?
• Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
• GnRH and LH
• FSH and gonadotropins
• None of the above

REFERENCES

Lumen Learning. (n.d). Biology for Majors II. Retrieved from

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/reproductivehormo
nes/
The Open University. (2017). Antenatal Care Module 4: Hormonal Regulation of
the
Female Reproductive System. Retrieved from
https://www.open.edu/openlearncreate/mod/oucontent/view.phpid=34&print
a
ble=1
Khan Academy. (2016). The Reproductive System Review. Retrieved from
https:// HYPERLINK "https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-
biology/hs-human-body-systems/hs-the-reproductive-system/a/hs-the-
reproductive-system-review" www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-
biology/hs-human-bodysystems/hs the HYPERLINK
"https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-human-
body-systems/hs-the-reproductive-system/a/hs-the-reproductive-system-
review"-reproductive-system/a/hs-the-reproductive-system-review

Morelli, A. (2020). Adolescent Physical Development: Part II. Retrieved from:

https:// www.risas.org/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=41154&cn=1310

PHOTO CREDITS

Adair, Renee, et.al (2016). Changes in the body. Retrieved from https:// r a i s
ingchil dren.net.au/pre-teens/development/puberty-sexual-
development/physical changes-in-puberty

Vector stock (n.d). Inside Male Reproductive System. Retrieved from https://
www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/chart-showing-male-
reproductive-system -vector-9715993