INSTITUTO TEPEYAC

3° Term Project

ENGLISH subject

Student's names

-Luis Alberto Arzate Bastida

-Leonardo Reyes Palma

-Diego Olaf Jiménez Izquierdo

-Luis Roberto Arzate García

Teacher's name:
Erika Itzel García Benítez

SCHOOL CYCLE 2020-2021

Democracy . 03/05/2021
 3 Term Project

Part 1
1. Deforestation: Deforestation is the destruction or depletion of the forest
area (natural forests), usually due to human action through the felling or
burning of trees, with the aim of gaining industrial inputs (such as the wood
and paper industry, among others) or either arable land for agricultural work.

Although deforestation is a process caused mainly by human activities, forests

can sometimes suffer similar damage due to natural accidents, such as forest
fires during drought or volcanic activity.

Either way, deforestation is one of the most serious threats currently looming
over the planet's forest masses. It jeopardizes the home of millions of species
and has a tremendous impact on the deterioration of soils and carbon fixation
(a process directly related to photosynthesis carried out by plants).

Consequently, numerous initiatives worldwide try to make the population aware

of the urgency of tightening the laws for the protection of large forest reserves,
as well as investing resources in the recovery of forests on a global scale.

Deforestation is a unique phenomenon, which can be classified according to its

causes into two types:
Expansion of the urban area. Cities grow as their population increases and new
space is required to build housing and road works. Forests are the first to pay
the price.
Indiscriminate logging for agricultural purposes. The increase in the world
population brings with it the need to produce more and more food, so that more
and more arable areas are required. To do this, entire sections of forest are
usually cut down and turned into farms or fields for grazing.
Large-scale wood and paper operations. The wood, pulp and paper industries,
among other tree derivatives, feed on consuming huge annual sections of the
main forests. Although these companies sometimes also invest in reforestation
programs, the rate of logging is always much higher than the rate of planting
new trees.
Poor forest laws and negligent states. Ultimately, the responsibility to protect
these natural treasures rests with the States in whose territories the forests
 occur, but many of them lack the incentive to protect them, especially when it
involves the loss of money.

The consequences of large-scale deforestation are neither few nor easy to

remedy. Among the main ones are:
Biodiversity loss.
Increase in carbon in the atmosphere and global warming.
Destruction of soils.
Air impoverishment
Desertification

2. Global warming: Glaciers are melting, sea levels are rising, cloud forests
are dying, and wildlife is scrambling to keep pace. It has become clear that
humans have caused most of the past century's warming
by releasing heat-trapping gases as we power our modern lives. Called
greenhouse gases, their levels are higher now than at any time in the last
800,000 years.
We often call the result global warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the
Earth's climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from place to place.
While many people think of global warming and climate change as synonyms,
scientists use “climate change” when describing the complex shifts now affecting
our planet’s weather and climate systems—in part because some areas actually
get cooler in the short term.

Climate change encompasses not only rising average temperatures but also
extreme weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas,
and a range of other impacts. All of those changes are emerging as humans
continue to add heat-trapping greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, changing the
rhythms of climate that all living things...

3. Endangered animals:They’re known as “charismatic megafauna” for a

reason. These endangered animals ooze star power, a factor that
conservationists have capitalized on in order to fund projects to protect them
(and, often by default, the other organisms that share their complex
ecosystems). People are far more likely to donate money to save an
adorable panda or a magnificent tiger than they are to drop some shekels
on preserving the limbless worm skink or the Gerlach’s cockroach.
However, skinks and roaches are integral participants in their ecosystems
as well and just as deserving of assistance as their flashier compatriots. You
might then consider the animals on this list the A-listers whose box office
 draw finances the continued existence of the lesser-known character actors
who inhabit the same environments. And if the concept of trickle-down
conservation sticks in your craw, get to work on that “save the Gerlach’s
cockroach” Kickstarter campaign. I’d donate. Maybe.

10 endenger animales
Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca)

tiger (Panthera tigris)

whooping crane (Grus americana)

blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus)

Asian elephant (Elephas maximus)

Sea otter (Enhydra lutris)

Snow leopard (Panthera uncia)

Gorilla (Gorilla beringei andGorilla gorilla)

Tasmanian devil (Sarcophilus harrisii)

Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)

4. Pollution: Pollution is the introduction of harmful materials into

the environment. These harmful materials are called pollutants. Pollutants
can be natural, such as volcanic ash. They can also be created by human
activity, such as trash or runoff produced by factories. Pollutants damage
the quality of air, water, and land.

Many things that are useful to people produce pollution.

Cars spew pollutants from their exhaust pipes. Burning coal to
create electricity pollutes the air. Industries and homes generate garbage
and sewage that can pollute the land and water. Pesticides—chemical poisons
used to kill weeds and insects—seep into waterways and harm wildlife.

All living things—from one-celled microbes to blue whales—depend on

Earth’s supply of air and water. When these resources are polluted, all forms
of life are threatened.

Pollution is a global problem. Although urban areas are usually more polluted

than the countryside, pollution can spread to remote places where no people
live. For example, pesticides and other chemicals have been found in the
Antarctic ice sheet. In the middle of the northern Pacific Ocean, a huge
collection of microscopic plastic particles forms what is known as the Great
Pacific Garbage Patch.

Air and water currents carry pollution. Ocean currents and migrating fish
carry marine pollutants far and wide. Winds can pick up radioactive material
accidentally released from a nuclear reactor and scatter it around the
world. Smoke from a factory in one country drifts into another country.

In the past, visitors to Big Bend National Park in the U.S. state of Texas
could see 290 kilometers (180 miles) across the vast landscape. Now, coal-
burning power plants in Texas and the neighboring state of Chihuahua,
Mexico have spewed so much pollution into the air that visitors to Big Bend
can sometimes see only 50 kilometers (30 miles).

The three major types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, and land

pollution.

Air Pollution

Sometimes, air pollution is visible. A person can see dark smoke pour from
the exhaust pipes of large trucks or factories, for example. More often,
however, air pollution is invisible.

Polluted air can be dangerous, even if the pollutants are invisible. It can
 make people’s eyes burn and make them have difficulty breathing. It can
also increase the risk of lung cancer.

Sometimes, air pollution kills quickly. In 1984, an accident at a pesticide

plant in Bhopal, India, released a deadly gas into the air. At least 8,000
people died within days. Hundreds of thousands more were permanently
injured.

Natural disasters can also cause air pollution to increase quickly.

When volcanoes erupt, they eject volcanic ash and gases into
the atmosphere. Volcanic ash can discolor the sky for months. After the
eruption of the Indonesian volcano of Krakatoa in 1883, ash darkened the
sky around the world. The dimmer sky caused fewer crops to be harvested
as far away as Europe and North America. For years, meteorologists tracked
what was known as the “equatorial smoke stream.” In fact, this smoke
stream was a jet stream, a wind high in Earth’s atmosphere that Krakatoa’s
air pollution made visible.

Volcanic gases, such as sulfur dioxide, can kill nearby residents and make
the soil infertile for years. Mount Vesuvius, a volcano in Italy, famously
erupted in 79, killing hundreds of residents of the nearby towns of Pompeii
and Herculaneum. Most victims of Vesuvius were not killed
by lava or landslides caused by the eruption. They were choked,
or asphyxiated, by deadly volcanic gases.

In 1986, a toxic cloud developed over Lake Nyos, Cameroon. Lake Nyos sits
in the crater of a volcano. Though the volcano did not erupt, it did eject
volcanic gases into the lake. The heated gases passed through the water of
the lake and collected as a cloud that descended the slopes of the volcano
and into nearby valleys. As the toxic cloud moved across the landscape, it
killed birds and other organisms in their natural habitat. This air pollution
also killed thousands of cattle and as many as 1,700 people.

Most air pollution is not natural, however. It comes from burning fossil fuels—
coal, oil, and natural gas. When gasoline is burned to power cars and trucks,
it produces carbon monoxide, a colorless, odorless gas. The gas is harmful in
high concentrations, or amounts. City traffic produces highly concentrated
carbon monoxide.

5. Overpopulation: Overpopulation refers to a population which exceeds its

sustainable size within a particular environment or habitat. Overpopulation
results from an increased birth rate, decreased death rate, the immigration
to a new ecological niche with fewer predators, or the sudden decline in
available resources. Therefore, overpopulation describes a situation in
which a population in a given ecosystem limit the resources available for
survival.

Overpopulation Effects :Overpopulation can have several effects on the

environment, as well as other species within an ecological system. Indeed,
human overpopulation has resulted in technological advances which have
increased human lifespan and fertility, and consequently placed pressure on
global resources. Such effects are such that the planet is currently in a novel
geological epoch called the Anthropocene. In general, overpopulation
results in an ecological disruption as resources are depleted. This disruption
can lead to the decline of other populations which compete for the same
resources. Typically, such effects result in the cycling between periods of
population growth and periods of population decline until it can reach
homeostasis within a particular ecological niche. Some examples of
naturally regulated population growth are rodents, rabbits, and various
insect populations (e.g., army worms and locusts).

Part 3

Endendeger animals

Solution:Learn about endangered species in your area. Teach your

friends and family about the wonderful wildlife, birds, fish and plants that live
near you. The first step to protecting endangered species is learning about
how interesting and important they are. Our natural world provides us with
many indispensable services including clean air and water, food and
medicinal sources, commercial, aesthetic and recreational benefits.
Make your home wildlife friendly. Secure garbage in shelters or cans with
locking lids, feed pets indoors and lock pet doors at night to avoid attracting
wild animals into your home. Reduce your use of water in your home and
garden so that animals that live in or near water can have a better chance of
survival. Disinfect bird baths often to avoid disease transmission. Place
decals on windows to deter bird collisions. Millions of birds die every year
because of collisions with windows.
You can help reduce the number of collisions simply by placing decals on
the windows in your home and office.
Recycle and buy sustainable products. Buy recycled paper, sustainable
products like bamboo and Forest Stewardship Council wood products to
protect forest species. Never buy furniture made from wood from rainforests.
Recycle your cell phones, because a mineral used in cell phones and other
electronics is mined in gorilla habitat. Minimize your use of palm oil because
forests where tigers live are being cut down to plant palm plantations
Never purchase products made from threatened or endangered
species.Overseas trips can be exciting and fun, and everyone wants a
souvenir. But sometimes the souvenirs are made from species nearing
extinction. Avoid supporting the market in illegal wildlife including: tortoise-
shell, ivory, coral. Also, be careful of products including fur from tigers, polar
bears, sea otters and other endangered wildlife, crocodile skin, live monkeys
or apes, most live birds including parrots, macaws, cockatoos
and finches, some live snakes, turtles and lizards, some orchids, cacti and
cycads, medicinal products made from rhinos, tiger or Asiatic black bear.
Harassing wildlife is cruel and illegal. Shooting, trapping, or forcing a
threatened or endangered animal into captivity is also illegal and can lead to
their extinction.
Protect wildleatest threat that faces many species is the widespread
destruction of habitat. Scientists tell us the best way to protect endangered
species is to protect the special places where they live. Wildlife must have
places to find food, shelter and raise their young. Logging, oil and gas
drilling, over-grazing and development all result habitat destruction.
Endangered species habitat should be protected and these impacts
minimized.
By protecting habitat, entire communities of animals and plants can be
protected together. Parks, wildlife refuges, and other open space should be
protected near your community. Open space also provides us with great
places to visit and enjoy. Support wildlife habitat and open space protection
in your community. When you are buying a house, consider your impact on
wildlife habitat.
Educate your family about endangered species in your area. It’s not just
about snow leopards in Russia, it’s about the ecosystem in your own
backyard. Teach your friends and family about wildlife, birds, fish and plants
that live near you. Just awareness of these species is a critical step. From
the worms in the garden to the bats that pollinate and control the mosquitos,
there are many ways that our daily habits at home affect these creatures.
Recycle and buy sustainable products. Much of what threatens local
populations has to do with development and more and more of the natural
world is plundered to product new goods. Never buy furniture made of
wood from rainforests or endangered trees. Recycle your cell phones,
because a mineral used in electronic production is mined in gorilla habitat.
Don’t use palm oil because forests where tigers live are being cut down to
plant palm plantations.
Grow native plants. It’s a no-brainer but local species rely on local plants.
You are providing food and shelter for native wildlife and you can reduce
youecies towards extinction.
Do not buy plastic products. Take your bags to the store, reuse containers
and properly dispose of lightweight plastics. Wild animals get tangled in
these products, and they end up in the ocean being ingested by small fish
and killing off beneficial microorganismsr water usage at the same time.
Attracting native insects like bees and butterflies can help pollinate your
flowers. And conversely, invasive species compete with native species for
resources and habitat, threatening biodiversity. They can even prey on
native species directly, forcing native.

Part 4
Order of the vídeo (script)

For this project we had to present a video about different

environmental problems and from there select 1 and look for a
solution and here the result.
The most important envariromental problems are
 Deforestation: Deforestation is the destruction or depletion
of the forest area (natural forests), usually due to human
action through the felling or burning of trees, with the aim of
gaining industrial inputs (such as the wood and paper
industry, among others) or good arable area for work.
 Global warming: We often call the result global
warming, but it is causing a set of changes to the Earth's
climate, or long-term weather patterns, that varies from
place to place. Climate change encompasses not only
rising average temperatures but also extreme weather
events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising
seas, and a range of other impacts. All of those changes
are emerging as humans continue to add heat-trapping
greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, changing the
rhythms of climate that all living things
 Endenger animals:Endangered species, any species that
is at risk of extinction because of a sudden rapid decrease
in its population or a loss of its critical habitat. Previously,
any species of plant or animal that was threatened with
extinction could be called an endangered species.
 Pollution:Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into
the natural environment that cause adverse change.
 Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or
energy .
 Overpollution: Overpopulation or overabundance occurs
when a species' population becomes so excessive that
people deem it must be managed. It can result from an
increase in births (fertility rate), a decline in the mortality
rate, an increase in immigration, or a depletion of
resources.
For the part 4 of this proyect we dicied to use endenger
animales to reseach a solution:
Solution:The first step to protecting endangered species is
learning about how interesting and important they are. Make
your home wildlife friendly. Secure garbage in shelters or cans
with locking lids, feed pets indoors and lock pet doors at night
to avoid attracting wild animals into your home. Reduce your
use of water in your home and garden so that animals that live
in or near water can have a better chance of survival. You
can help reduce the number of collisions simply by placing
decals on the windows in your home and office. Recycle and
buy sustainable products. Buy recycled paper, sustainable
products like bamboo and Forest Stewardship Council wood
products to protect forest species. Recycle your cell phones,
because a mineral used in cell phones and other electronics is
mined in gorilla habitat. Never purchase products made from
threatened or endangered species. Harassing wildlife is cruel
and illegal. Protect wildleatest threat that faces many species
is the widespread destruction of habitat. Scientists tell us the
best way to protect endangered species is to protect the
special places where they live. Wildlife must have places to
find food, shelter and raise their young. Logging, oil and gas
drilling, over-grazing and development all result habitat
destruction. Endangered species habitat should be protected
and these impacts minimized. By protecting habitat, entire
communities of animals and plants can be protected together.
Parks, wildlife refuges, and other open space should be
protected near your community. When you are buying a
house, consider your impact on wildlife habitat. Educate your
family about endangered species in your area. Just
awareness of these species is a critical step. From the worms
in the garden to the bats that pollinate and control the
mosquitos, there are many ways that our daily habits at home
affect these creatures. Recycle your cell phones, because a
mineral used in electronic production is mined in gorilla
habitat. Grow native plants. It’s a no-brainer but local species
rely on local plants. You are providing food and shelter for
native wildlife and you can reduce youecies towards
extinction. Do not buy plastic products. Wild animals get
tangled in these products, and they end up in the ocean being
ingested by small fish and killing off beneficial
microorganismsr water usage at the same time. Attracting
native insects like bees and butterflies can help pollinate your
flowers. And conversely, invasive species compete with native
species for resources and habitat, threatening biodiversity.
They can even prey on native species directly, forcing native.