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PARASITOLOGY REVIEWER

FOURTH LONG EXAM

AMEBIC MENINGITIS

1. Neigleria fowleri causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)

2. Naegleria fowleri has two trophozoite forms (amoeboid and flagellated) and has one cyst form (flagellated)
3. Ameboid trophozoites undergo binary fission in the brain
4. Which free-living amoeba has a flagellated trophozoite form? – Naegleria Fowleri
5. Ubiquitous amoeba of the soil and water – acanthamoeba spp.
6. Predisposed by contaminated cleaning solution of contact lens – Amebic Keratitis

INTESTINAL PROTOZOANS

1. Described as grayish green ovoid trophozoide sac shaped like a “little bag” – Balantidium coli
2. Balantidium coli encysts in what part of the body? – Small intestine
3. The most important source of human infection of balantidium coli – Hogs
4. Giardia Lamblia inhabits in the following organs – Duodenum, upper jejunum, bile ducts, gall bladder (all of the
above)
5. Giardia Lamblia trophozoites undergo – Longitudinal binary fission
6. Giardia Lamblia cyst undergoes – mitotic division
7. Immunodeficency is associated with greater risk attributed to -- low IgA
8. Which intestinal flagellate have no cyst form – Trichomonas vaginalis
9. Habitat of trichomonas vaginalis – vagina, urethra, epididymis, prostate (all of the above)
10. Trichomonas cannot live in acidic vaginal secretions with a pH of 3.4 to 4.4
11. Young virgins are infected with trichomonas attributed to contaminated toilet seats.
12. Trichomonas tenax is a parasite of the mouth, tonsils and lungs (not found in the kidneys, except)
13. Chilomastix mesnili are found in chimpanzees, orangutans, monkeys and pigs
14. Chilomastix mesnili can create both a false positive and false negative result.

MALARIA

1. Fetal hemoglobin protect against severe forms of plasmodium falcirum

2. P. vivax requires duffy blood receptor to enter red blood cells.
3. Inherited factors that protect against malaria include: (1) hemoglobin S carrier state, (2) thalassemia, (3) G-6-P-D
deficiency
4. In asymptomatic parasitemia, malaria parasites are seen in the peripheral blood but no symptoms.
5. Quartan Malaria is caused by P. Malariae.
6. Cerebral malaria is the most well known manifestation of severe malaria.
7. Acute renal failure produces anuria (<50 mL/day)
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8. “Algid Malaria” is characterized by hypotension, vomiting, diarrhea, rapid respiration and oliguria.
9. Blackwater fever produces dark urine due to hemoglobinuria
10. P. falciparum can be rapidly progressive and fatal.
11. Thick and thin smear are the gold standard for the diagnosis of malaria.
12. The effects of malaria in pregnancy include maternal anemia, stillbirths, prematurity and intrauterine growth
retardation.
13. What is the definitive host of babesiosis? – Ixodes tick
14. In Europe, most reported cases of babesiosis are due to B. divergens and occur in splenectomized patients.
15. Leishmania is an obligate intracellular protozoan
16. Leishmania Tropica – cutaneous leaishmaniasis
17. Kala-Azar – visceral leishmaniasis or dumdum fever
18. Montenegro test – diagnostic for cutaneous leishmaniasis; palpable nodule at 48 to 72 hours (positive reaction)
19. Cutaneous leishmaniasis – centrifugally growing papular lesions with central crusting and heals spontaneously
with a permanent scar
20. Toxoplasmosis – cat is the definitive host
21. Three routes of infection – foodborne, animal to human, mother to child
22. Rare route for toxoplasmosis - Accidental inoculation

COCCIDIA

ARTHROPODS

1. Muscids: housefly
2. Blatella: cockroach
3. Cimex: bed bugs
4. Xenopsylla cheopis: main plague vector