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NOTE
C H E M I S T R Y

MOLE CONCEPT
PLAYING WITH THE BASICS

What you already now What you will learn

• Order of magnitude Conversion: Number of molecules/formula units to

• Mole-particle conversions number of particles
• Avogadro’s number Conversion: Number of particles to number of
molecules/formula units

BOARDS
Car-Tyre Analogy

• We know that a car has 4 tyres. Let us assume that 1 formula unit of H2SO4 is the car and each
oxygen atom is a tyre.
• We can say that each car will have 4 tyres or that 2 cars will have 8 tyres. By a similar analogy,
we can say that each H2SO4 unit has 4 O atoms. Hence, n units of H2SO4 will have 4n O atoms.

1 car 4 tyres

22 cars 88 tyres

2 dozen cars 96 tyres

Similarly,

1 molecule of H2SO4 4 oxygen atoms

5 molecules of H2SO4 20 oxygen atoms

2 moles of H2SO4 8 NA oxygen atoms

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20 tyres 5 cars

2 dozen tyres 6 cars

Similarly,

20 oxygen atoms 5 molecules of H2SO4

4 NA oxygen atoms 1 mol of H2SO4

BOARDS MAIN Interconversion: Particles Within a Particle

Case 1:

Calculating the number of particular entities from the given number of molecules or formula units
of a chemical species.

Step 1: Step 2:
Calculate the number of the desired entities Multiply the number of desired entities
in 1 molecule or 1 formula unit of the chemical present in 1 molecule or 1 formula unit of the
species. chemical species by the total number of the
chemical species.

Conversion: Particle within a particle

a. Find the number of O atoms in 5 H2SO4­ molecules.

b. Find the number of O atoms in 5 Na2SO4.5H2O ­formula units.

Solution

a. Number of O atoms in 1 molecule of H2SO4 = 4

Number of O atoms in 5 molecules of H2SO4 = 5 × 4 = 20
b. Number of O atoms in 1 formula unit of Na2SO4.5H2O = 4 + 5 × 1 = 9
Number of O atoms in 5 formula units of Na2SO4.5H2O = 9 × 5 = 45

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Conversion: Particle within a particle

a. Find the number of O atoms in 5 x 105 CO2 molecules.

b. Find the number of O atoms in 5 x 1013 Mg(NO3)2 formula units.

Solution

a. Number of O atoms in 1 molecule of CO2 = 2

Number of O atoms in 5 × 105 molecule of CO2 = 2 × 5 × 105 = 106
b. Number of O atoms in 1 formula unit of Mg(NO3)2 = 3 × 2 = 6
Number of O atoms in 5 × 1013 formula units of Mg(NO3)2 = 6 × 5 × 1013 = 3 × 1014

Case 2:

Calculating the number of molecules or formula units of a chemical species from the given
number of entities.
Step 1: Step 2:
Calculate the number of the desired Divide the total number of entities by the number
entities in 1 molecule or 1 formula unit of entities present in 1 molecule or 1 formula unit of
of the chemical species. the chemical species.

Conversion: Particle within a particle

If we have a pure CO2­ sample and it contains a total of 1010 O atoms, find the number of
molecules of CO2 present in the sample.

Solution

Step 1: Step 2:
Finding the number of O atoms present in CO2 Finding the number of CO2 molecules.
molecules. Given number of O atoms = 1010
From the chemical formula, Hence, from step 1,
1 formula unit of CO2 contains 2 O atoms Number of CO2 molecules that contain 1010
Hence, two atoms of oxygen correspond to one 1010
molecule of CO2 O atoms = = 5 × 109
2

Conversion: Particle within a particle

If we have a pure CO2­ sample and it contains a total of 1010 O atoms, find the number of
molecules of CO2 present in the sample.

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Solution

Step 1: Step 2:
Finding the number of CO2 molecules. Finding the number of moles of CO2.
Number of O atoms in 1 molecule of 1 mol of CO2 molecules consists of 6.022 × 1023
CO2 = 2 molecules.
Number of CO2 molecules from 1010 O Moles of CO2 in sample
1010 5 × 109
O atoms = = 5 × 109 = = 8.303 × 10 -15 mol
2 6.022 × 1023

Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of O atoms in 6.023 x 1023 Na2SO4.5H2O formula units.

Solution

Number of O atoms in 1 formula unit of Na2SO4.5H2O = 4 + (5 × 1) = 9

Number of O atoms in 6.022 × 1023 formula units of Na2SO4.5H2O = 9 × 6.022 × 1023 = 5.420 × 1024

Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of O atoms in 3 moles of CO2 molecules.

Solution

Number of O atoms in 1 molecule of CO2 = 2

Number of molecules in 1 mole of CO2 = 6.022 × 1023
Number of O atoms in 3 moles of CO2 = 2 × 3 × 6.022 × 1023 = 3.613 × 1024

Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of O atoms in 0.0003 moles of Na2SO4.5H2O formula units.

Solution

Number of O atoms in 1 molecule of Na2SO4.5H2O = 9

Number of formula units in 1 mole of Na2SO4.5H2O = 6.022 × 1023
Number of O atoms in 0.0003 moles of CO2 = 9 × 0.0003 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.626 × 1021

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Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of O atoms in 1 moles of Mg(NO3)2 formula units.

3

Solution

1 formula unit of the compound contains 6 O atoms

1 mole of the compound contains 6 × 6.022 × 1023 O atoms
Number of O atoms in 1 mole of compound = 1 × 6 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.2044 × 1024
3 3

Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of moles of Na2SO4.5H2O formula units in a pure sample that contains 1.8 x 10-3
moles of O atoms.

Solution

9 atoms of O are present in 1 formula unit of the compound

9 moles of O atoms are present in 1 mole of the formula unit
1.8 × 10 -3 moles O atoms will be present in 1 × 1.8 × 10-3 = 2 × 10 -4 mol formula units
9

Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of electrons in 6.023 × 1019 H2O molecules.

Solution

1 molecule of H2O contains (2 × 1 + 8) e- = 10 electrons

6.023 × 1019 molecules will contain 10 × 6.023 × 1019 = 6.023 × 1020 electrons

Conversion: Particle within a particle

If we have a pure CO2­ sample and it contains a total of 440 electrons, find the number of
molecules of CO2 present in the sample.

Solution

1 molecule of the compound contains (6 + (2 × 8)) = 22 electrons

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22 electrons are present in 1 molecule of the compound.

440 electrons will be present in 1 × 440 = 20 molecules.
22

Conversion: Particle within a particle

If we have a pure CO2­sample and it contains a total of 2.2 × 1010 electrons, find the number of
molecules of CO2 present in the sample.

Solution

22 electrons are present in 1 molecule of the compound

2.2 × 1010 electrons will be present in 1 × 2.2 × 1010 = 109 molecules
22

Conversion: Particle within a particle

If we have a pure Na2SO4. 5H2O sample and it contains a total of 2.4 × 1010 electrons, find the
number of formula units of Na2SO4.5H2O present in the sample.

Solution

1 formula unit of compound contains (2 × 11) + (1 × 16) + (4 × 8) + (5 × 10) = 120 electrons

120 electrons are present in 1 formula unit of the compound.
2.4 × 1010 electrons will be present in 1 × 2.4 × 1010 molecules = 2 × 108 molecules
120

Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of electrons in 5 moles of H2SO4 molecules.

Solution

1 molecule of H2SO4 has (2 + 16 + 4(8)) = 50 electrons.

So, 1 mole of H2SO4 will have 50 NA electrons.
Similarly, using the unitary method, the number of electrons in 5 moles of H2SO4
= 250 NA = 250 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.505 × 1026 electrons.

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Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of electrons in 5 moles of H2SO4 molecules.

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Solution

1 molecule of H2SO4 has (2 + 16 + 4(8)) = 50 electrons.

So, 1 mole of H2SO4 will have 50 NA electrons.

Similarly, using the unitary method, the number of electrons in 5 moles of H2SO4
5 8
= × 50 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.881 × 1025 electrons.
8

Conversion: Particle within a particle

Find the number of electrons in 5 moles of SO42- ions.

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Solution

1 ion of SO42- has (16 + 4(8) + 2) = 50 electrons

So 1 mole of SO42- will have 50NA electrons.
Similarly, using the unitary method, the number of electrons in 5 moles of SO42-
8
= 5 × 50 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.881 × 1025 electrons.
8

Conversion: Particle within a particle

If we have a pure Mg(NO3)2 sample and it contains a total of 7.4 × 1030 electrons, find the
number of moles of Mg(NO3)2 present in the sample.

Solution

Step 1:
Finding the total number of molecules of Mg(NO3)2
1 molecule of Mg(NO3)2 has (12 + (31) × 2) = 74 electrons
Number of molecules of Mg(NO3)2 is = Total number of electrons
Number of electons in one molecule
7.4 × 1030
= = 1029 molecules
74

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Step 2:
Conversion: Particles to mole
1029
Number of molecules of Mg(NO3)2 = = 1.661 × 105 mol
6.022 × 1023

Conversion: Particle within a particle

If we have a pure Mg(NO3)2 sample and it contains a total of 37 moles of electrons, find the
number of moles of Mg(NO3)2 present in the sample.

Solution

1 molecule of Mg(NO3)2 has (12 + (31) × 2) = 74 electrons

37 moles of Mg(NO3)2 will contain = 37 × 74 × 6.022 × 1023 = 1.649 × 1027 electrons

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