The Pentagrams' Grammar and Vocabulary

The Pentagrams' Grammar and
Vocabulary
Joannes Richter
Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5

northwest Euphrates FIRAT F I R A T
southwest Pis(h)on PISON P I S O N
northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

southeast Gihon P ASIN P A S I N
Table 1 The restoration of the symmetry in the Rivers of Paradise
Abstract
According to the Sefer Yetzirah the phonetic sounds of the human voice are generated at 5 sources.
Some of our words are 5-letter words, in which the 5 letters individually represent one of the
categories. In this paper these words are defined as 5-grams or pentagrams.
The earliest languages did not need declination, conjugation or inflections. The archaic languages
may have contained an abundance (10-50% ?) of pentagrams.
The most impressive pentagrams are the rivers, which feed the fertile valleys of famous paradises
such as the famous garden of Eden and the fertile Nile valley. In Europe the rivers are well-known
as trading routes.
Most of the alphabets, which may have been inherited their structure from the Ugaritic alphabet's
Northern Order, display a theonym (“the Great Name” in the Sefer Yetzirah) in the second row of
the 2-dimensional table.
The following essay describes the pentagrams for our parents, the Father-gods and Mother-
goddesses, the theonyms, the Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular, the 4 cardinal virtues,
the day of the week, the 4 rivers of the paradise, the European waterways, the names of cities, states
and peoples.
Introduction
In this paper we will categorize the letters as follows: the linguals: D, Þ L, N, T, palatals: C, G, I, J,
K, Q, X , the gutturals: A, Ε, H, O, Y, labials: B, ϝ - V, M, P, U, W and the dentals: Z, S, R.
Not only the Sefer Yetzirah, but also Cicero describes the Places of articulation for the human voice:
“tongue”, “teeth”, “palate”, “jaws”1, “the nostrils2, lungs and sides3”.4
Basically most European alphabets are derived from the Ugaritic alphabet's Northern Order.
categories. In this paper these words are defined as 5-grams or pentagrams. Genuine pentagrams
may easily be identified as perfect compositions, which may be repaired if one or two of the letters
are deteriorated or lost. In this paper the pentagrams will be printed in the standard colors of the 5
phonetic categories. For a better identification pentagrams may be printed in capital letters.
may have contained an abundance (10-50% ?) of pentagrams. Most pentagrams are used as base
forms for the substantives and verbs. A dictionary for the most important pentagrams may contain
250 - 500 base forms.
In modern languages a majority of pentagrams are used to define permanent names for rivers, seas
and mountains, which cover large terrains with stable, valuable and useful resources of water or
fertile soils. The most impressive pentagrams are the rivers, which feed the fertile valleys of famous
paradises such as the famous garden of Eden and the fertile Nile valley. In Europe the rivers are
well-known as trading routes.
The names of rivers and mountains tend to be stored as permanent pentagrams, which remain
extremely stable and may be conserved in their original status in written inscriptions.
Although the most important religions seem to be stable the deities may be varying in the course of
time. Only a few gods may be identified as stable pentagrams.
Also parts of the alphabets may be extended or modified by linguistic innovations or adaptations.
New letters may be modified, which do not meet the standards of the pentagram definitions. Some
of the new letters (such as X and Y) may represent two classifications. These innovations allows us
to use new symbols for more flexible definitions. A famous sample is the word “gymnasium”,
which may be interpreted as GUMNASIUM or GIMNASIUM. The letter Y may be interpreted as a
labial Y or a palatal Y.
Most of the pentagrams must have been composed from stable, clearly identifiable long vowels and
uniquely categorized consonants. Each of the 5 categories in the pentagrams must be pronounced as
an isolated entity. In the pentagrams the ligatures or digraphs such as “Th” and “UE” cannot be
accepted if the neighboring letters result in undefined mixtures of two categories. Therefore in the
pentagrams all vowels should be interpreted as long vowels, which do not form digraphs such as Ü.
According to the linguistic history5 the Merovingian King Chilperic I (c. 539 – 584 AD) introduced
4 extra letters (Æ, Ō, W, Th) to the Latin alphabet. These symbols may have been intended to
improve the identification of some of the archaic Germanic pentagrams such as the divine names,
1 Shall the Deity, then, have a tongue, and not speak—teeth, palate, and jaws, though he will have no use for them?
2 We Stoics, therefore, compare the tongue to the bow of an instrument, the teeth to the strings, and the nostrils to the
sounding-board.
3 And they must needs have these appearances speak, which is not possible without a tongue, and a palate, and jaws,
and without the help of lungs and sides, and without some shape or figure; for they could see nothing by their mind
alone—they referred all to their eyes.
4 Source: Notes to Cicero's “The Nature of the Gods”
5 Deutsche Sprachgeschichte by Hugo Moser (1965)
the rivers, the magic runic formulas and the virtues.
In the course of time most pentagrams such as FAThIR and MOThIR allowed the usage of
declination, conjugation and/or inflections. The additional letters such as the “s” for the plurals
FAThIRS and MOThIRS may be left uncolored.
The most important pentagrams
The most important pentagrams are the nouns for “father” and “mother”. Most of the modern nouns
for “father” and “mother” have lost their genuine pentagram composition. Often the palatal “I” has
been deteriorated to a guttural letter “E”.
The neighboring archaic dialects may help us to reconstruct the original pentagrams in the
following samples.
Mother
The most frequent composition is the architecture of “Mother” with a letter “I” in the a last syllable:
#
Pentagram P Information Definition Language
1. A
MÓÐIR P Móðir - MÓÐIR mother Icelandic
2. M
MATRI P Sicilian: [1] dativus: matri (MATRI) (dat.) Mother Sicilian
3. M
MATIR P Mother – van Doorn A (2016). "On The Gaulish Influence Mother Gaulish
on Breton"
4. M
MIThER P mither (MIThER) Mother Scots
5. M
MITÉRA - μητέρα (MITÉRA): [1] Mother New Greek
Table 2 Pentagrams for “Mother”
Father
The most frequent composition is the architecture of “Father” with a letter “I” in the the initial
syllable.
For the name Jupiter we may identify the original composition of a dual pentagrams architecture
DIOUS-PITER in which the word “father” is spelled PITER:
#
6. F
FAÐIR P Faðir, FAÐIR Father Old-Norse
7. F
FAϸIR P The “father” seems to be a feeding care-taker, Feeder- rune
including the “foster” father. In contrast the father
procreator father is named the “Kuni”.
8. P
PITAR P Pitar (father) Father Sanskrit
9. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piter- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
1 P
0. DIOUS-PITER P2 Jupiter (from an earlier *Djous patēr) Jupiter Latin
Table 3 Pentagrams for “Father”

The runic words FutiR and Fatir
The word “Father” seems to concentrate on the “feeding”-responsibility of the father, who may
have been a “foster”-father or a “genetic” father:
Fig. 1: The runic word FAϸIR in the Runen-Sprach-Schatz

by Udo Waldemar Dieterich (1844)
The word FUÞIR is found at page 4 of the Das Runen Wörterbuch6 and really had been described by
Dieterich as an universal tool to describe life in one word:
FutiR 1468, isl. fada, ernahren, gebaren, fada und fadi, Speise, fódra, futtern, fódr,
Futter, schw. föda (verb.), föda (subst.) , fodra , foder , dan. fode (verb.), fode (subst.),
fodre , foder , goth. fitan gebaren, scheint ebenfalls ursprunglich ernahren zu heissen,
daher isl. fitna, fettwerden , schw. fetna, dan. fedes , ils. feits fett, d. h. wohlgenahrt,
schw. fet, dan. fed, goth. FODJAN ernahrern, FODEINS, Nahrung, ahd. FOTJAN , nhd.
füttern , alts. fodan, ags. fedan, engl. feed, holl. voeden — ernahren, gebaren, vergl.
FAϸIR. Auffallend ist die Bedeutung von Scheide, theca, vagina, in den Formen, goth.
fodr , ags. fodr, ahd. fuotar , schw., dan. foder, isl. fud, Mutterscheide, weibliche Scham,
fydill, das Diminutivum von fud, mannliche Scham, nhd Futteral.— << Runic text see
the included image >> , d. h. Jetzt werden wenig Bessere als er geboren.
According to Udo Waldemar Dieterich the runes FUÞIR covered more than the feeding
responsibility:
• (1) birth and raise, (2) fatness, (3) father, (4) food, (5) fostering, (6) madness, (7) female and
(8) male private parts, (9) sex, copulation. Additionally I include the word (10) fetter.
The word fathir ( FAϸIR ) seemed to concentrate of the “food”.
Fostering
The reference to the runic word FAϸIR7 is a remarkable list of extensions for the idea of “father” as a
feeding care-taker as a foster father. In contrast the procreator father is named the “Kuni”.
The fostering must have followed a standard tradition which Dieterich describes as follows: The
foster father accepts the child to be placed8 or taken on his lap, which completes the adoption. The
8
relation between fosterfather, fosterchildren and fosterbrothers had been considered stronger than
between the next of kin people. The tradition had been preserved for ages (or maybe even
survived?) in the Scottish Highlands and the most western islands9.
6 Das Runen Wörterbuch oder Wörterbuch uber die altesten Sprachdenkmale Skandinaviens, by Udo Waldemar
Dieterich (1844)
7 Page 4 in Runen-Sprach-Schatz oder Wörterbuch uber die altesten Sprachdenkmale Skandinaviens, by Udo
Waldemar Dieterich (1844)
8 This probably also explains the title Hebamme → Midwife , which in German refers to the grandmother (“Anna”)
lifting (German: “heben”) the newborn (accepted) child from the ground to be placed on the father's lap.
mittelhochdeutsch hebamme, eigentlich = Hebe-Amme, volksetymologisch umgedeutet aus althochdeutsch hevanna,
eigentlich = Großmutter, die das Neugeborene aufhebt, zu: hevan = heben und ana = Ahnin, Großmutter.
HEBAMME - definition and synonyms of Hebamme in the German ...
9 S. Scotts notes to Rokeby ,- and John son's Journey to the Western Isles.
The Father-gods and Mother-goddesses
The “Father”- and “Mother”-attributes indicate the most important deities, which often represent the
leading sky-gods or chthonic gods. The sky-gods and/or chthonic gods may also be displayed in the
2-dimensional representations of the alphabets.
Basically each alphabet may display a few versions of a special theonym (“the Great Name” in the
Sefer Yetzirah). Each modification in the alphabetic order may disturb the display of the “Great
Name”. Therefore the Roman kings and emperors were rather careful in the modification of the
alphabetical structure.
The versions may be modified by reordering the columns.
The father-gods as sky-gods

#
1. P 2
DYḖUS PH₂TḖR P Dyḗus ph₂tḗr - "Daylight-sky Father" Sky-Father PIE
2. P
DII ĒUS Patēr P Zeus Patēr (*Dii ēus Patēr) Zeus Patēr Greek
3. P
DEI-pátrous Dei-pátrous (*DiI ēus pátrous) Dei-pátrous Illyrian
(Source: Illyrian mythology)
4.
DEIPÁTUROS “Dei-páturos” recorded by the Greek Deipáturos Stymphians
grammarian Hesychius of Alexandria
5. P
DIOUS-PITER P2 Jupiter (from an earlier *Djous patēr) Jupiter Latin
6. P
DYAUS-PITAR P2 Dyauspitar Dyauspitar Sanskrit
(Devanagari द ष त, Dyáuṣpitṛ)ṛ
Table 4 The father-gods as sky-gods
The father-gods as chthonic gods

#
7. P
DĪVES-PATER P2 Dīs Pater Dīs Pater Latin
8. L 2
LIBER-PATER P Liber Pater Liber Pater Latin
Table 5 The father-gods as chthonic gods
The mother-goddess
#
9. P
DÆ...-MATIR P Demeter - goddess of the harvest and Earth Greek
agriculture, presiding over grains and the Mother
fertility of the earth.
She is also called Deo (Δηώ).[1]
Table 6 The mother-goddess

The theonyms in the 2-dimensional alphabets
Most of the alphabets, which may have been inherited from the Ugaritic alphabet's Northern Order,
display a theonym in the second row.
Often the vowels at the central core (2 nd, 3rd, 4th columns) represent personal pronouns of the 1st
person singular such as IÉU, IΕV, JΕ, etc.
In contrast to the alphabets the runic (“Elder Futhark”) and the “ogham” signaries display a
theonym at the third, respectively fourth row:
The overview of some theonyms and ego-pronouns are listed in the following table:
Description Derivative row Long Central Size
Signaries theonym core Letters
IAU-Signaries Lepontic alphabet 1 ΘIVAZ IVA 17-20
IAU-Signaries Old-Persian 1 TIAUR IAU 25
IAU-Signaries Sanskrit 1 TIAUṬ IAU 47
ṬIAUT
Provencal 2 DIÉU IÉU 26 (?)

Latin alphabet 2 ÞIEVS IΕV 24
Coptic alphabet 2 ⲐⲈⲒⲊⲢ ⲈⲒⲊ 33
Early Etruscan 2 ΘIVEŚ IVE 23
Origin:
Ugaritic alphabet Euboean Alphabet 2 ΘIUEŚ IUE 26
( North Order ) Early Greek alphabet 2 ΘΙΕΥs ΙΕΥ 21
Hebrew alphabet 2 TIΕVS IΕV 22
Ugaritic alphabet 2 ṬYḪWŠ YḪW 27-30
Geʽez abjad 3 NYḪWS YḪW 26

Runes Elder Futhark 3 TĪÆWS ĪÆW 24
Runes Ogham signary 4 TIÉU(X) IÉU 20
Ugaritic South Order Ugaritic alphabet 5 ṬYʿʾUẒ YʿʾU 28-31
Table 7 Theonyms of a sky-god in the 2-dimensional tables of the alphabets and signaries
(from: The Derivation and Composition of the PIE-Theonyms)
The 2-dimensional array of the Hebrew Alphabet
According to a comment to the Sefer Jetsirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
categorized according to 5 categories, which are based on the 5 phonetic sources where the human
voice is generating the phonetic sounds.
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter
4, paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the
Hebrew alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph
( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the
tongue with the opening of the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial
sounds] made by the release of the lips and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬,
yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by the width of the tongue [against the
palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau
(‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of]
sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental sounds]
produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.10”
The structure of the Greek and Latin alphabets follows the Ugaritic and Hebrew alphabets, which
had not been deteriorated too much in the course of the evolution. The following table describes the
2-dimensional structure of the Hebrew alphabet:
linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals

5 Taw T22 Shin S21
4 Nun N14 Qoph K19 Ayin Gh16 Pe Ph17 Resh R20
3 Lamedh L12 Kaph Ch11 Heth H8 Mem M13 Tsade Ts18
2 Teth T9 Yodh I10 He Ε5 Waw V6 Samekh S15
1 Dalet D4 Gimel G3 Aleph Æ1 Bet B2 Zayin Z7
Table 8: The location of the Great Name I10-Ε5-V6 and the theonym T9 - I10-Ε5-V6 - S15 at the center
of the Hebrew alphabet
The Great Name I10-Ε5-V6 seems to be positioned inside the cartouche (D4, G3, Æ1 , B2, Z7, S15, Ts18,
M13, H8, Ch11, L12, T9) of the Hebrew alphabet.
10 Footnote in Modern Hebrew phonology (quoted in The Composition of the Sky-God's Name in PIE-Languages)
The Origin of some Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
The following overview lists a compact collection of samples for the Theonyms DIÉU, DIÒU,
DIEU, DÏOU, DIU, …. and the Personal Pronouns (IÉU, IÒU, JE, YIOU, ÉIU, ...) of the 1st Person
Singular 11.
French and Provencal dialects

Ego-Pronoun “D”+Ego-pronoun Divine Name Region Dialect
IÉU D + IÉU DIÉU Provence Occitan
IÒU MË, M’ IÒU D + IÒU DIÒU Provence south-east (Villar-St-Pancrace)12
JE D + JE DIEU France French
YIOU D + YIOU DÏOU Provence Provencal (dialect of Nîmes)13
ÉIU 14 D + ÉIU DIU (DIU) Corsica Corsu
Table 9 French and Provencal dialects
(source: The Ego-Pronouns in the Divine Names)
Swiss (Alpine) dialects - Romansh language

DIOU Switzerland Vaudois
EAU D + EAU DIEU Switzerland Upper Engadine
EU D + EU DEUS Switzerland Vallader
JAU D + JAU DEIS Switzerland Jauer-Romansh (Rumantsch Grischun)
JEU D + JEU DEUS Switzerland Sursilvan
JOU D + JOU DEUS Switzerland Sutsilvan
YA, JA D + YA, D + JA Switzerland Surmiran
Table 10 Swiss (Alpine) dialects - Romansh language

(Source: Overview of the Alphabetic Arrays)
Iberian languages
EU D + EU DEUS Iberia Portuguese
YO D + YO DIOS Iberia Spanish
Table 11 Iberian languages

(Source: Overview of the Alphabetic Arrays)
11 The Origin of some Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular (~20.1.2022)
12 from: Patois of Villar-St-Pancrace (this web-site seems to have been closed) : The series of personal pronouns is:
(Cas sujet Cas régime atone tonique direct indirect) Sg. 1°p a (l’) iòu më, m’ iòu 2°p tü, t’ të, t’ tü 3°p M u(l), al ei(l)
së lu ei F eilo la eilo N o, ul, la - lu - Pl. 1°p nû* nû* 2°p òû* vû* vû* 3°p M î(z) së lû* iè F eilâ (eilaz) lâ* eilâ
13 from the poems of Antoine Hippolyte Bigot - “Yiou” & “Dïou” in the dialect of Nimes
14 Dictionaire (Corse Corsica)
The 4 cardinal Virtues in the „Seven against Thebes“
The archaic virtues are integrated in the peoples' religious concepts. In Greece the most important
virtues wisdom and justice were symbolized by two deities, whose names Metis, respectively
Themis are based on correlated pentagrams ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ) resp. ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ). In the Hellenic mythology the
names Metis and Themis represented the 1st respectively the 2nd wife or consort of the Greek sky-
god Zeus.
The following overview lists the 4 virtues in the Aeschylus' order, which corresponds to the line:
σώφρων δίκαιος ἀγαθὸς εὐσεβὴς ἀνήρ:15 ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ), ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ):
# „Seven against translation of Deity / Virtue Pentagram Pentagram Virtue

Thebes“ Herbert Weir (Greek) (Germanic)
of Aeschylus Smyth
1 σώφρων moderate Metis ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ) WIT(ES) (Wotan) wisdom
2 δίκαιος just Themis ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ) TIW(AS) (Tiw) justice
3 ἀγαθὸς noble Thymos ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ) WYT(an) passion
WUT (Wotan)
4 εὐσεβὴς reverent Mythos ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ) MYTh(OS) piety
(TYW or Tiw)
Table 12 The cardinal virtues Metis, Themis, Thymos, Mythos

resp. ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ), ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ)
in the „Seven against Thebes“ of Aeschylus
At least the first two cardinal virtues may also correlate with the Germanic deities WIT(ES) (Wotan)
and TIW(AS) (Tiw):
Greek Core Pentagrams Germanic Description Personification in the old

Language equivalents Greek Mythology
Metis Μῆτ ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ) WIT(ES) Titanide, Wisdom
Μῆτις ΜΗΗΤ (Wotan) 1st consort of Zeus
Themis Θέμ ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ) TIW(AS) A child of titans, Justice, law, traditions
Θέμις ΘΈΜ (Tiw) 2nd consort of Zeus
Mythos Μῦθ ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ) MYTh(OS) Religious myths Belief, piety

μῦθος ΜΥΗΘ (TYW od. Tiw) Piety (eusebés) (~λόγος (logos))
Thymos Θυμ ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ) WYT(an) Courage Passion and Cou-Rage
θυμός ΘΥΜ WUT (Wotan) (Passion and rage)
Table 13 The cardinal virtues ( Metis, Themis, Thymos, Mythos)

resp. ΜΗΗΤ(ΙΣ), ΘΈΜ(ΙΣ), ΘΥΜ(ΌΣ), ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ)
in their mirrored structures in Greek and Germanic languages.
15 How four Virtues anchored our Languages

The seven days of the week
The seven days of the week do not really honor the deity itself, but the related virtue, which is
represented by the deity. The goddesses MENRVA and MINERVA are Etruscan & Roman names for
Metis, the deity of wisdom. The Germanic deity for wisdom is “Wotan” (WITES/WITAS).
Pentagrams
Name Type Language Symbol Deity 1 2 3 4 5 Day of the
week
3 ΘEMIS Virtue Greek Justice Themis Θ E M I S Tuesday
3 (D)I(O)US Virtue Latin Justice IUStitia (d) I U (o) S Tuesday
3 TIWAS Virtue Germanic Justice Thingsus T I W A S Tuesday
4 METIS Virtue Greek Wisdom Metis M E T I S Wednesday

4 MINERVA Virtue Latin Wisdom Minerva M I N E R Wednesday
4 WITES/WITAS Virtue Germanic Wisdom Wotan W I T E S Wednesday
5 *DII ĒUS Deity Greek Sky-Father Zeus D II Ē U S Thursday

5 *DJOUS-PITER Deity Latin Sky-Father J(o)U-piter D I O U S Thursday
5 TIEWS Deity Germanic Sky-Father Dis/Tuisco? D I E W S Thursday
Table 14 Symbolism in the Days of the Week
(from: Fundamentals in the Name-Giving for the Days of the Week)
The letters in the Germanic triad TIWÆS, WITAS and TIEWS are restricted to T, I, W, E, S
(including the equivalents A and Æ). Of course I knew three Germanic days of the week
(TIWESday, WITESday, and TIEWSday) were composed as pentagrams by shuffling 5 identical
symbols (the letters T, I, W, E, S).
Two of these names (TIWES and WITES) symbolize the virtues “Justice” and “to Wit”
(“Wisdom”), which correspond to the Hellenic deities (and consorts of Zeus) ΘEMIS and METIS
for the virtues (“justice” respectively “wisdom”). The third name (TIEWS) carried the equivalent
sky-god's name (the PIE-DYAUS), which in Greek language was spelled as Zeus (*DII ĒUS16) ,
In fact these words are using the same letters, if we interpret the Germanic letter W as a vertically
mirrored M in the Greek alphabet. Basically the word patterns are correlating, if we tolerate the
swap of the vowels I and E.
Differences between the sky-gods' patterns TIEWS, Jupiter *DJOUS-PITER and (Zeus) DII ĒUS
may be explained by the deviations between the Mediterranean sky-gods (Zeus & Jupiter) and the
Germanic earth-god Dis (or Tuisco).
This essay documents the Germanic, runic triad TIWÆS, WITAS and TIEWS in the 2-dimensional
alphabetic patterns17.
16 Zeus is the Greek continuation of *DiI ēus, the name of the Proto-Indo-European god of the daytime sky, also called
*Dyeus ph2tēr ("Sky Father").[21][22] Source: (Wikipedia) Zeus
17 Why the Tues-, Wednes- and Thursday are Sacred Days
The 4 Rivers of Paradise FIRAT, Ava MEZIN, PISON, KARUN
The Rivers of Paradise are: FIRAT (Euphrates), Ava MEZIN (Tigris). PISON (Pishon) & KARUN
(Gihon).
The 4 rivers of paradise have been identified by archaeologists. 18 According to Juris Zarins (and
Dora Jane Hamblin) the Garden of Eden is covered with the water of the Persian Gulf, where the
Ava MEZIN (Tigris) and FIRAT (Euphrates) run into the sea. The Bible's Gihon River would
correspond with the KARUN (Karun River) in Iran, and the PISON (Pishon River) would
correspond to the Wadi Batin river system that once drained the now dry, but once quite fertile
central part of the Arabian Peninsula.
Zarins argued that the Garden of Eden was situated at the head of the Persian Gulf,
where the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers run into the sea, from his research on this area
using information from many different sources, including LANDSAT images from
space. In this theory, the Bible's Gihon River would correspond with the Karun River in
Iran, and the Pishon River would correspond to the Wadi Batin river system that once
drained the now dry, but once quite fertile central part of the Arabian Peninsula. His
suggestion about the Pishon River is supported by James A. Sauer (1945–1999)
formerly of the American Center of Oriental Research[10] although strongly criticized
by the archaeological community. 19
The pentagrams clearly confirm Juris Zarins' description including Dora Jane Hamblin's map of the
rivers. Of course Juris Zarins' thesis also supports the thesis of the pentagrams.
#
10. P
PISON P Rivers of Paradise: Pis(h)on, (along with [Pis(h)on] English
FYSON P Hiddekel (Tigris), Phrath (Euphrates) and Fyson Midl-English
Gihon)
11. K
KARUN P Karun, Iran's most effluent and only navigable Karun river English
river. In the Bible: Gihon River, at the Garden of [Gihon River]
Eden near the Persian Gulf, fed by the four rivers
Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon (Karun) and Pishon
(Wadi Al-Batin). The name is derived from the
mountain range named Kuhrang (→ : Karoen)
12. M
Ava MEZIN In Kurdish, the Tigris is known as Ava Mezin, Ava Mezin Kurdish
"the Great Water". [Tigris]
13. F
FIRAT P The name (Euphrates) is YEPRAT in Armenian Firat Turkish
(Եփրատ), PERAT in Hebrew (‫)פרת‬, FIRAT in [Euphrates] Kurdish
Turkish and FIRAT in Kurdish.
Table 15 The Rivers of Paradise: FIRAT (Euphrates), Ava MEZIN (Tigris). PISON (Pishon) &
KARUN (Gihon) (details: A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise, 2.2.2022)
18 A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise

19 Source: Juris Zarins
The symmetry of the pentagrams FIRAT, PISON, Ava MEZIN, PASIN
At the west-side the symmetry in the categorization of the names FIRAT and PISON of the Rivers
of Paradise is perfect.
At the north-side the categorization requires a switch between the vowels in the names MEZIN and
FIRAT, whereas the categorization's pattern of the consonants remains identical.
In these patterns the name of the river KARUN disturbs the symmetry of the 1 st letter K and the 4th
letter U.

southeast Gihon KARUN K A R U N
Table 16 The symmetry of the pentagrams for the Rivers of Paradise
The name of the river Karun (KARUN) may have changed its name. In early classical times the
name was Pasitigris or Dujail ("Little Tigris").
In early classical times, the Karun was known as the Pasitigris. The modern medieval
and modern name, Karun, is a corruption of the name Kuhrang, which is still
maintained by one of the two primary tributaries of the Karun.
J. G. Lorimer also records in his Gazetteer of the Persian Gulf, Oman and Central
Arabia that it was known by the name "Dujail," which could be translated "Little Tigris"
to medieval Arab and Persian geographers. 20
The advantage of pentagrams allows us to repair deteriorated and lost names. This possibility may
be illustrated by the suggested restoration of the symmetry in the names' architecture.
One of the best-fit names (instead of KARUN) would be P ASIN as an mutation PASIN-TIGRIS of
the name Pasitigris (or Pasin-Tigris), which would result in a name-giving as follows:


Table 17 The restoration of the symmetry in the architecture of the pentagrams
Although the river Pis(h)on has dried up the valley may still be identified. The spelling of the name
has been documented in the Book Genesis.
20 Karun
The Map of the rivers FIRAT, PISON, Ava MEZIN, PASIN for the Paradise
One of the best-fit names (instead of KARUN) would be P ASIN as an mutation PASIN-TIGRIS of
the name Pasitigris (or Pasin-Tigris), which would result in a name-giving as follows21:


Table 18 The restoration of the symmetry in the architecture of the pentagrams
FIRAT , Ava MEZIN, PISON, P ASIN
Fig. 2: Map of the Paradise with the 4 additional names

FIRAT , Ava MEZIN, PISON, P ASIN (edited by J. Richter)
(Source: Has the Garden of Eden been located at last?
by Dora Jane Hamblin)
21 A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise

Overview of the (19) European waterways
The following overview describes the pentagrams, which could be unveiled in the names of the
European rivers. The name-giving for the important rivers may be compared to the 4 great rivers,
which are located at the entry to the Garden of Eden: the Eufrates (FIRAT), the Tigris (Ava
MEZIN), the Pishon (PISON) and the Gihon (P ASIN).22
The names of these rivers may have been communicated between the Celtic and Hellenic traders,
who may have joined the knowledge of the trading routes of the rivers.
River Latin/Greek Pentagram length # State
(km)
1 Tiber Tiberis TIBERIS 404 3 Italy
2 Adige , Etsch Athesis ADUZI 410 2 Italy
ETUSC Etruria
3 Yssel, IJssel Isla, Isala YSULA 127 1 the Netherlands
ISULA
4 Waal Valis, Vacalis, VALIS 82 1 the Netherlands
Vahal ChALUZ
5 Rijn Rhenus RHIJUN 1233 1 the Netherlands, Germany,
Switzerland
6 Moezel Mosilla MOSIL 544 2 France, Luxembourg, Germany
7 Elbe Albis ELBIS,ALBIS 1164 Germany
LABSK Czechia
8 Pader (river) P ADIR 4 1 Germany
9 Padus (Po) Padus P ADIS 652 1 Italy
Bodincus Bodincus BODIS Ancient Ligurian
10 Wijsel, Wissel, Vistula WIJSEL 1068 1 Poland
Wisła VISLA
11 Loire Lĭgĕr LIWAR 1012 1 France
12 Duero Durius DUIRO 897 1 Spain/Portugal
13 Maritsa Hebrus MARITSA 480 1 Greece, Bulgaria, Turkey
Meriç [meɾittʃ] (Evros) MERIÇ
14 Pineios Peneus PINEoS 205 Greece
15 Düna Dvna/Dwina DŹWINA 1020 Russia, Belarus, Latvia
16 Lieux Lieux LIEUX 25 France
17 Douix Divona DOUIX 70m Frankrijk
18 Dives Dives DIVES 105 Frankrijk
19 Rio Tinto Luxia1 LUXIA 100 Spain
Table 19 The important rivers as pentagrams

(Source: Over de oorsprong van de Europese riviernamen in Dutch language)
22 Over de speurtocht naar de pentagrammenreeksen

Overview of the (7) pentagrams for the water springs
• Aachen means ‘water’ in Old High German, a calque of the Roman name of "Aquae
Granni".[10] In the early twentieth century, the god Grannus (GRĀNNUS) was said to have
still been remembered in a chant sung round bonfires in Auvergne, in which a grain sheaf is
set on fire, and called Granno mio, while the people sing, “Granno, my friend; Granno, my
father; Granno, my mother”.[5] However, granno may simply be a derivative of an Occitan
word of Latin origin meaning "GRAIN" (compare Auvergnat gran "grain", grana "seed"
and Languedocien grano, from Latin GRĀNUM "grain"). 23
• The Pader (PADIR) is a river in Paderborn in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany, left
tributary of the Lippe. The length is only 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) in length.[1] 24
• The Seine rises in the commune of Source-Seine, about 30 kilometres (19 mi) northwest of
Dijon. The source has been owned by the city of Paris since 1864 and is devoted to Gallic
goddess Sequana and the Gaulish tribe the Sequani 25. Some inscriptions contain spelling
errors that may give a clue to the pronunciation of Sequana in Gaulish (CIL 13, 02863):
SECUAN.
Aug(usto) sac(rum) d<e=O>a(e?) / <p=B>ro(!) /SEe<q=C>UAN(ae) / pro(!) /
C(aius) M[...] / v(otum) s(olvit) l(ibens) m(erito)
• Another karst spring Douix (DOUIX) is located in Châtillon-sur-Seine. From the source the
water runs 70 m to the Seine.
• The Siloam Tunnel may be interpreted as a water tunnel near Silwan (SILWAN). The tunnel
leads from the Gihon Spring to the Pool of Siloam.[5][6][7] (SILOAM, (Greek: ΣΙΛΩΆΜ)
referring to a number of rock-cut pools on the southern slope of the Wadi Hilweh
(HILWEH),
• Eflatun PINAR (Turkish: Eflatunpınar, transl. Plato's Spring) is the name given to a spring,
which rises up from the ground, and the stone-built pool monument built at the time of the
Hittite Empire. 26
Water spring Latin/Greek Region Pentagram river 1 2 3 4 5

1 G Aachen Aquis Germany GRĀNNUS G R Ā N U
Grannus
Aquae Granni
2 P Pader Germany PADIR Lippe P A D I R
3 S Sequana Sequana France SECUAN Seine S E C UA N
4 D Douix France DOUIX Seine D O U I X
5 S Pool of Siloam Jerusalem SILOAM S I L OA M
6 S Silwan Jerusalem SILWAN S I L W AN
7 P Eflatun PINAR Turkey PINAR P I N A R
Table 20 Pentagrams in the names for the water springs
23 Etymology Grannus
24 Pader
25 Sources (Seine)
26 Centre, UNESCO World Heritage. "Eflatun Pinar: The Hittite Spring Sanctuary". UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
Retrieved 2020-11-30. Holy springs of Turkey (6 P) → Eflatun Pınar (PINAR)
Overview of the (19) pentagram names for cities
Some names of the cities may have been as reliable as the rivers.
Eridu
The city of Eridu is well-known as the first city of the world. The name ERIDU is a pentagram.
Also LUXOR belongs to the oldest inhabited cities in the world. Of course some of these names
such as Luxor (also: Waset, Thebes) may have been altered.
Nibru
Nibru, in the Sumerian language, was the original name of the city of Nippur. Nibru was the
original name of the city of Nippur, a great complex of ruin mounds known to the Arabs as Nuffar,
written by the earlier explorers NIFFER, divided into two main parts by the dry bed of the old
Shatt-en-Nil (Arakhat).27
Erbil
Erbil. also HAWLER or Arbela, capital and most populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
Erbil—the name most used internationally for the ancient city—is often referred to by
the phonetic equivalents of Arbil or Erbil, as well as Arbela. The origin of the name can
be traced back to Sumerian writings as early as 2000 BC referring to Arbilum, Orbelum
or Urbilum. It is believed to be composed from the Sumerian roots 'Ur' (town) and 'Bela'
(high), presumably on the basis that it is located in the upper regions, beyond the lower
deltas of the Tigris. The city's ancient name, known in the classical era as Arbela
(Greek: Ἄρβηλα; translit. Arbēla), can be traced back to Old Persian Arbairā and
ultimately Assyrian Arbailu.[17][18][19] 28
27 Source: Nibru
28 Etymology Erbil
The following overview describes the pentagrams, which could be unveiled in the names of the
cities:
#
1. A
AFRIN P Afrin – City and tributary of the Orontes River Afrin Turkish
2. A
AULIS P Aulis From Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís). Ancient port- Aulis (port) Latin
town, located in Boeotia in central Greece
3. A
AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present-day Tartus Amrit (port) Punic (?)
in Syria.
4. E
ERBIL P Erbil. also HAWLER or Arbela, capital and most Erbil
populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
5. E
ERIDU P Eridu ("confluence" of the rivers) is the first city in the Eridu (city) Sumerian
world by the ancient Sumerians
6. L
LUXOR P among the oldest inhabited cities in the world Luxor, Egypt
(as “Waset”, better known by its Greek name “Thebes”)
7. M
M MAINZ P Mainz – Mogontiacum. Main is from Latin Moenis (also Mainz (city) German
M
MENUS P MOENUS or MENUS), the name the Romans used for Main (river) German
MOENUS P the river.
8. M
MILAS P Original capital of Caria. Milas Greek
9. N
NIFFER P Nibru was the original name of the city of Nippur. Nibru Sumerian
NUFFAR - great complex of ruin mounds known to the Arabs as
NIBRU - Nuffar, written by the earlier explorers Niffer, divided into
two main parts by the dry bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil
(Arakhat) Source: Nibru
10. N
NÎMES P Nîmes Nîmes French
11. P
PYREN(e) P Pyrene (Heuneburg); → Hekataios von Milet Pyrene Greek
12. P
PYLOS P Pylos - "Palace of Nestor" in Homer's Iliad. Pylos Greek
13. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер-Бурхъ) Saint-Piter- Russian
for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
14. S
SOLYM(us) P Solym(us) (mountain) and Solym(us) (city) Solyma Greek
15. S
SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po-river Spina (city) Etruscan
16. S
SMILA P Smila (Σμίλα), city of Crusis, Herodotus. Histories. Smila Greek
7.123.
17. T
ThYBES P Thebes (Egypt) – Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι Thebes Egyptian
18. T
ThÍVA(s) - Thebe (in Boeotië) (Griekenland) Thebe Greek
Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]
19. W
(W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, ĪĪlion ) Troy, ĪĪlion Hittite
Table 21 Overview of the (19) pentagram names for cities

Overview of the (11) pentagrams for states, royals and peoples
The following overview describes a few pentagrams, which could be unveiled in some of the names
for states, royals and peoples. The most impressive family is the royal dynasty of the LOUIS-
dynasty:
#
20. H
S (HI)SP ANIA - Spain Spain (state) Spanish
S
SP AIN P English
SP ANIA - Phoenician
21. J
JUTES P Jutes People of English
Jutland
22. L
LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) (royal) Lewis English
23. L
LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS (royal) Clovis French
24. L
LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) – LOUIS (royal) Louis French
25. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas (royal) Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
26. M
MINOS P Royal Name Minos Linear A
(Cretan)
27. N
NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis (royal) Latin
28. O
OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded modern Ocnus (royal) Latin
Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
29. s
SP AIN P Spain - Spain English
30. S
S SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ sabijn Dutch
31. T
TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers Val Medel Sursilvan
(Sw.)
Table 22 Overview of the (11) pentagrams for states, royals and peoples
Overview of the (10) pentagrams for animals
The following animals are identified as pentagrams. Especially the bison (BISON) and Bison
bonasus, WISEN(t) or European BIZON are impressive animals.
#
1. A
AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially one used as Lamb Latin
a sacrifice.
2. B
BISON P from Latin bison "wild ox," (animal) bison Latin
3. F
FĒLIS P Felis – cat, fret Cat (animal) Latin
4. L
LÚKOS P LÚKOS ("wolf") Lúkos (wolf) Greek
5. M
MELIS P Melis (honeybee → [Telling the bees]) Melis (name) Dutch
6. P
PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
7. P
PÍAST P píast, péist -From Middle Irish péist, from Old Irish píast, Péist (beest) Irish
PÍEST from Latin bēstia.
8. S
SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle Dutch swijn, Swine English
Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Old Norse, Swedish, (animal)
Danish svin)
9. T
TAPIR P Tapir Tapir English
10. W
WISEN(t) - Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) or European BIZON Wisent Germanic
Table 23 Overview of the (10) pentagrams for animals

Overview of the (7) pentagrams for organs and body parts
The brain may have been interpreted as the most impressive body parts for the human species.
Liberman writes that brain "has no established cognates outside West Germanic" and is
not connected to the Greek word. More probably, he writes, its etymon is PIE *bhragno
"something broken.29"
The spine is the backbone, which also represented Atlas as the Spanish pillar to support the sky.
The liver was believed to be the body's blood-producing organ; in medieval times it rivaled the
heart as the supposed seat of love and passion30. Liver is related to “live”.
The tongue is the body part which dominates the phonetic sources of the voice and a language.
#
1. B
B BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE root Brain Dutch
B
B
BREIN P *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
BREIThEEL P welsh breitheel welsh
BRÆG(E)N P oe. bræg(e)n (ne. brain)
2. E
S ESPIÑA P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) Thorn, back English
S
S
SPINE P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) Needle Latin
S
S
SPĪNA P spiná (спинаṛ , back) backbone Russian
SPINÁ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) cliff Greek
ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - espiña spine Galician
SPELD - speld, diminutive form of SPINE needle Dutch
3. L
L LIB(A)RŌ P Liver (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) liver English
L
L
LIFER P lifer (Old English) Old English
LIVER P
*LIBRŌ
4. P
PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
5. U
U ÛÐIRA P Udder Udder Germanic
U
UIDER P Middle Dutch
UYDER P
6. V
VEINS P veins veins English
7. Z
ZUNGE P Zunge; from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from tongue German
*TUNGǬ - Proto-Germanic *tungǭ; from Proto-Indo-European Prt-Germanic
LINGUA - *dnnǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Latin lingua Latin
TONGUE - English
Table 24 Overview of the (7) pentagrams for body parts
29 brain | Etymology, origin and meaning of brain by etymonline

30 liver | Etymology, origin and meaning of liver by etymonline
Overview of the (19) pentagram names without etymologies
The following overview describes the pentagrams without etymologies. These pentagrams have
been found accidentally. Most etymology-labels “uncertain origin“ have been be found in the
English web-sites of Wikipedia.
#
1. A
ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus Scottish
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
2. A
A ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
3. B
BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed Brian Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
4. B
B BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE Brain Dutch
BREIN P root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
5. B
B BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make to build French
BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
6. B
B BRIDE P Bride – Old-Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B
BREID P a word of uncertain origin. English
BRUID - Old-Frisian
7. C
CHURN P To churn (of unknown origin). Churn English
8. F
FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” ‘running’; bicycle Dutch
etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
9. H
H HLEIFR - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain bread Germanic
K
HLAIFS Hleifr Old-Norse
KHLAIBUZ Hlaifs Gothic
10. H
S (HI)SP ANIA - Spain - The origins of the Roman name Hispania, Spain (state) Spanish
S
SP AIN P and the modern España, are uncertain, although English
SP ANIA - the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the Phoenician
region as Spania
11. K
K KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
C
KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.
12. L
LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is from Old-Latinn stlocus Location Latin
‘id.’, etymology uncertain; maybe from → stal.
(loco-.)
13. M
MILES P Latin mīles (“soldier”) ; Myles (given name) mīles Latin
Etymology unknown. Maybe of Etruscan origin. (“soldier”)
Table 25 Overview of the pentagram names without etymologies (# 1)

The name Main originates from Latin Moenis, Moenus or Menus. It is not related to the name of the
city Mainz (MAINZ - Latin: Mogontiacum or Moguntiacum)31.
#
14. M
ΜΥΗΘΟΣ P Virtue: temperance: mythos (belief in real Myth Greek
history) - word of “unknown origin”
15. O
OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
16. P
*P ADIR P Pader (river) - word of unknown origin Pader (river) German
17. P
P POLISh P from Latin polire "to polish, make smooth; To polish (E) English
P
POLIRE - decorate, embellish;" , from: polīre ‘polish’, polieren (D) Latin
POLIS P unknown etymology. polijsten (NL) French
18. R
R RIJPΕN P ripen (etymology uncertain) ripen Dutch
R
RIPΕN P ripen English
REIFΕN - reifen German
19. S
SIFON P Siphon, sifon, syphon- from Ancient Greek ; sifon Old French
SIPhON P σίφων (síphōn, "pipe, tube for drawing wine from siphon English
SYPhON P a cask,"), of uncertain origin; σίφων Ancient
Greek
Table 26 Overview of the pentagram names without etymologies (# 2)
31 Geography
The pentagrams in a cuneiform spelling
A few pentagrams may be identified in the cuneiform spelling of the Old-Persian language. The
words Ahura Mazda → (H)ORMIZD and Darius I → DARIUS may be interpreted as pentagrams32.
There is an extra letter R, which may be needed as a sixth letter in a 6-gram word. This may be an
exceptional condition, which has not (yet) been solved in my study....
Ahuramazda
The word Ahura Mazda is the creator deity and highest deity of Zoroastrianism.
Ahura Mazda is the first and most frequently invoked spirit in the Yasna. The literal
meaning of the word Ahura is "lord," and that of Mazda is "wisdom."
Ahura Mazda first appeared in the Achaemenid period (c. 550 – 330 BC) under Darius
I's Behistun Inscription. Until Artaxerxes II of Persia (405–04 to 359–58 BC), Ahura
Mazda was worshipped and invoked alone in all extant royal inscriptions. With
Artaxerxes II, Ahura Mazda was invoked in a triad, with Mithra and Anahita. 33
In cuneiform the name Ahura Mazda does not match the pentagrams' conditions, which requires a
palatal symbol.
Proto-Indo- Middle
Old Persian Modern Persian meaning
Iranian Persian
Auramazdā
*Hasura Hormazd Ahura Mazda
(a u r m z d a) Ohrmazd
MazdʰaH ‫هرمزد‬ (supreme god)
a u r m z d a
Table 27 Ahura Mazda (supreme god)
# Cunei- Category Triad Cat. Category

form # letter
A- Vowels (Ā), Ī, Ū 1 Vowel
1 h Glottal - Ah glottal
2 ū- Vowels (Ā), Ī, Ū 1 ū Vowel
3 Ra- Semi-vocals Y, V, R 6 R Semi-vocal
4 Ma- Nasals N & M - M Nasal
5 Za- Sibilants S, Z, Š 7 Z Sibilant
6 Da- Dentals, Alveolar T, Θ, D 4 D Dental
7 a Vowels (Ā), Ī, Ū 1 a Vowel
Table 28 The categorization of the supreme sky-god A-ū-Ra-Ma-Za-Da-a (aHūRA MaZDa)
May the Semi-vocal R be interpreted as a palatal?
32 The Pentagrams in the Old- And Middle-Persian Languages

33 Ahura Mazda
(H)ormizd
The name of Hormizd (also spelled Ōhrmazd, Hormozd) is the Middle Persian version of the name
of the supreme deity in Zoroastrianism, known in Avestan as Ahura Mazda.[1]
The Old Persian equivalent is Auramazdā, whilst the Greek transliteration is
HORMISDAS.[1][2] The name is attested in Armenian as ORMIZD and in Georgian as
Urmizd.[3][4] His personal name was "Hormizd-Ardashir", a combination of "Hormizd"
and "Ardashir", the latter being the Middle Persian form of the Old Persian Ṛtaxšira
(also spelled Artaxšaçā), meaning "whose reign is through truth (asha)".[5][6] 34
In the Middle Persian and Armenian languages the equivalent name for Ahura Mazda is a
pentagram (H)ORMIZD.35
Darius
The name Darius (D-A-R-Ya-Va-ū-Š) may be interpreted as a pentagram & theonym “D-A-Y-U-Š“:
• if the vowel “ū” is a reference to the V-symbol and
• the letter “R” represents a separator between the vowels A and Y.
Darius' father Hystapes ( vi-š-t-a-s-p, V S T a S p ) was not a king.
The king may have chosen this pentagram for his royal name. This would improve his authority,
and respect in his position as a king of kings.
Fig. 3 Darius I (created by Diego Delso, licensed: CC BY-SA 4.0 )
Old Persian meaning

D- A- R- Ya- Va- ū- Š
DARIUS
daryvuS
Table 29 The categorization of the royal name Darius
# Cuneiform Triad Triad # Transliteration Category

1 D d Dental, Alveolar T, Θ, D 4 D Dental
2 Ā a Vowels (Ā), Ī, Ū 1 Ā Vowel
3 R r Semi-vocals Y, V, R 6 R Semi-vocal
4 Y(a) y Semi-vocals Y, V, R 6 Y Semi-vocal
5 V(a) v Semi-vocals Y, V, R 6 V Semi-vocal
6 ū u Vowels (Ā), Ī, Ū 1 (ū) Vowel
7 Š S Sibilants S, Z, Š 7 Š Sibilant
Table 30: Interpretation and categorization of the name D-A-R-Ya-Va-ū-Š (DARYVŠ)
34 Hormizd I (272–273), Sasanian king

35 Source: Etymology (Hormizd_I)
The pentagrams (DI-WE/DI-WO) for Zeus in Mycenaean Greek
The following samples for the symbols of Linear B syllabic script illustrate a disadvantage of the
syllabic symbols which may contain 2 different categories. The samples DI, WE, WO, WI, JA of the
divine names usually contain a consonant and a vowel, in which the combination symbolizes two
different categories. This concept does not support a 2-dimensional alphabet, in which one row may
display a theonym. Therefore the alphabetical architecture of individual symbols supports the
concepts of genuine pentagrams such as *DiI ēus.
Zeus
The archaic name of “father” Zeus (*Dzēus, *DiI ēus) may have been composed from one of the
Mycenaean Greek words DI-WE or DI-WO. The only missing letter for the pentagram is the trailing
dental S. We may assume a pattern DI-WE (S) or DI-WO (S).
The earliest attested forms of the name are the Mycenaean Greek, di-we and di-wo, written in the
Linear B syllabic script.[25]: 36
Fig. 4 "The Linear B word di-we" Fig. 5 "The Linear B word di-wo".
Source: Palaeolexicon Palaeolexicon.
The language is preserved in inscriptions in Linear B, a script first attested on Crete before the 14th
century BC.
Traces (such as the Mycenaean words DI-WE / DI-WO) may be identified as pentagrams, in which
the dental S is missing. The Mycenaean name MINOS may be name of a royal dynasty, but I would
not be surprised if (in analogy to METIS and MINERVA) MINOS is just another word for
“wisdom”.37
36 "The Linear B word di-we". "The Linear B word di-wo". Palaeolexicon. Word study tool of Ancient languages.
37 The Antipodes in Archaic Linguistics
DIWIA
Diwia - possibly the female counterpart of Zeus, possibly Dione (lit. 'She-Zeus') in later Greek
(Linear B: di-u-ja, di-wi-ja)[2][14][16][29] .
Related to classic
Deity Spelling Location Relation
mythology
DI-WO Gen., Chania, Knossos,
*DZĒUS Zeus[16]
DI-WO Dat. Pylos
DI-U-JA, Female partner Dia, divine attribute
DIWIA Pylos
DI-WI-JA Gen., Dat. of Zeus[17] for goddesses
Table 31 *DZĒUS and DIWIA in the List of Mycenaean deities
The Tree as a Hierarchical “Pentagram Model of the World” 38
In order to compose a dictionary for a new languages we may need a number of suitable models for
the metaphors, which are needed to link abstract ideas to the available real objects in the
surrounding nature.
The dictionary of the pentagrams seems to have been based on the roots, trunks, branches, prongs,
twigs and knots as derivations from these pentagrams.
This essay analyses several pentagrams, which are found in the the roots, trunks, branches, prongs,
twigs and knots. Often these words may have been used as metaphors for cutlery (“fork”) and the
body parts such as arms, forearm and hands (Pranke, “paw”) and knees (“genu”).
The impressive pentagrams in the words for wood, wooden parts, wooden (and also Wotan ?) and
the trees illustrates how important the forests may have been: TIMBER (Pgm. *TIMRA-), BAÐMR
(*BAUMAZ) and GALLOWS.
The pentagrams for the trees

The impressive pentagrams in the words for wood, wooden parts, wooden (and also Wotan ?) and
the trees illustrates how important the forests may have been:
The widespread use of words originally meaning "oak" in the sense "tree" probably
reflects the importance of the oak to ancient Indo-Europeans. In Old English and
Middle English also "thing made of wood," especially the cross of the Crucifixion and a
GALLOWS (such as Tyburn tree, famous gallows outside London). 39
Timber
Originally TIMBER (Pgm. *TIMRA-) may have described the buildings, the trees suitable for
building and the dominant root expression for "to build" .
Old English TIMBER "building, structure," in late Old English "building material, trees
suitable for building," and "trees or woods in general," from Proto-Germanic *tem(b)ra-
(source also of Old Saxon TIMBAR "a building, room," Old Frisian TIMBER "wood,
building," Old High German zimbar "timber, wooden dwelling, room," Old Norse timbr
"timber," German Zimmer "room"), from PIE *deme- "to build," possibly a form of the
root *dem- meaning "house, household" (source of Greek domos, Latin domus).
The related Old English verb TIMBRAN, timbrian was the chief word for "to build"
(compare Dutch TIMMERen, German zimmern).40
38 The Tree as a Hierarchical “Pentagram Model of the World

39 tree (n.)
40 timber (n.)
Beam for "living trees”
Old English beam originally "living tree," but by late 10c. also "rafter, post, ship's
TIMBER," from Proto-Germanic *baumaz "tree" (source also of Old Frisian bam "tree,
GALLOWS, beam," Middle Dutch boom, Old High German boum, German Baum
"tree," and perhaps also (with unexplained sound changes) Old Norse BAÐMR, Gothic
BAGMS), which is of uncertain etymology (according to Boutkan probably a substrate
word). The shift from *-au- to -ea- is regular in Old English.41
# Pentagram P Information Definitio Languag

n e
W
1. *TIMRA P buildings, the trees suitable for building and the dominant Building, English
TIMBER P root expression for "to build" timber
and “to
build”
T
2. BAÐMR - from Proto-Germanic *baumaz "tree" living Old
*BAUMAZ - which is of uncertain etymology tree Norse
G
3. GALLOWS- P gallows (n.). In Old English, also used of the cross of the Gallows Old-
tree crucifixion. Plural because made of two poles. Gallows-tree Gallows- English
is Old English galg-treow. tree
Table 32: The pentagrams for the trees
41 beam (n.) in https://www.etymonline.com/word/tree

The Tree as a Hierarchical “Pentagram Model of the World”
The following pentagrams are identified as relevant parts of the trees: roots, trunks, branches,
prongs, twigs and knots as derivations from these pentagram
# Pentagram P Information Definition Language

1. W
*WRĀDĪKS P (biology) a root. From Proto-Italic *wrādīks, from rādīx Latin
Proto-Indo-European *wréh₂ds. (“a root”)
2. T
*TWERK P The main structural member of a tree. Truncus Latin
TRUNKE “a stock, lopped tree trunk”. Unknown origin, but (“tree trunk ”)
TROICh possibly from Proto-Indo-European *twerḱ- (“to
cut”). Cognate with Ancient Greek σάρξ (sárx), Old
Irish tru, troich (“fated to die”) and Latin trux[1] [2]
[3] and Proto-Slavic *strǫkъ.
3. B
*WRÓNKeh₂ P The woody part of a tree arising from the trunk and branca Late Latin
*VRANCA P usually dividing. From Middle English branche, (“branch”)
BRANCA braunche, bronche, from Old French branche,
branke, from Late Latin branca (“footprint”, later
also “paw, claw”). Perhaps of Celtic origin, from a
hypothetical Gaulish *vranca, from Proto-Indo-
European *wrónk-eh₂.[1]
4. P
*(S)PRENG- P Sample: “the two prongs of a river” prong English
PRONG P From Middle English pronge, perhaps from Middle (“fork”)
Low German prange (“stick, restraining device”), branch; fork.
from prangen (“to press, pinch”), from Old Saxon
*prangan, from Proto-West Germanic *prangan,
from Proto-Germanic *pranganą (“to press”), from
Proto-Indo-European *(s)preng- (“to wrap up,
constrict”). Akin to Lithuanian springstù (“to choke,
become choked or obstructed”), Latvian sprañgât
(“cord, constrict”), Ancient Greek σπαργανόω
(sparganóō, “to swaddle”), σπάργανον (spárganon,
“swaddling cloth”).
5. T
*TWĪGA P A small thin branch of a tree or bush. from Proto- Twiga Proto-
mhd.: Germanic *twīgą. Cognate with Dutch twijg, ("twig”) Germanic
ZWISEL English twig.
6. G
*ǴÓNU(S). P From Proto-Italic *genu, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵónu PIE word
*GENU(S), *ǵónu. Cognates with Ancient Greek γόνῠ (gónu, *genu Ancient
(geniculum) “knee; plant node”), German knie, English knee. a knot, joint Greek
(transferred sense, botany) a knot, joint Synonym: (“knee“) Latin
geniculum n; second declension Ancient German
Diminutive of genū: (literally) little knee, knee Greek γόνῠ English
(transferred sense, botany) knot or joint on the stalk Latin
of a plant. The top or crest (with messy branches) of (gónu, “knee;
certain woody plants, notably willows plant node”),
German knie,
English knee.
Table 33 The Tree as a Hierarchical “Pentagram Model of the World”
Summary
categories. In this paper these words are defined as 5-grams or pentagrams.
may have contained an abundance (10-50% ?) of pentagrams.
The most impressive pentagrams are the rivers, which feed the fertile valleys of famous paradises
such as the famous garden of Eden and the fertile Nile valley. In Europe the rivers are well-known
as trading routes.
Most of the alphabets, which may have been inherited from the Ugaritic alphabet's Northern Order,
display a theonym (“the Great Name” in the Sefer Yetzirah) in the second row.
The following essay describes the pentagrams for our parents, the Father-gods and Mother-
goddesses, the theonyms, the Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular, the 4 cardinal virtues,
the day of the week, the 4 rivers of the paradise, the European waterways, the names of cities, states
and peoples.
In retrospect the pentagrams seem to belong to the base forms, for which the concept may have
been a common knowledge. The pentagrams may have been defined as a categorization for the 5
acoustic sources. The alphabetical order may have been designed at the design phase for the
Ugaritic alphabet, with the intention to display a “5-gram” theonym in one of the rows in the 2-
dimensional table of the alphabet.
The Futhark- and ogham signaries may also have been designed to display a suitable theonym at
one of the rows in the 2-dimensional table of the alphabet.
The knowledge of the pentagrams' designs may have belonged to the regalia of the royal dynasties
and to the Church. A number of royal names indicates the power of manipulating the words such as
LOUIS, MINOS, etc.
Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
The most important pentagrams...........................................................................................................4
Mother..............................................................................................................................................4
Father...............................................................................................................................................4
The Father-gods and Mother-goddesses...............................................................................................6
The theonyms in the 2-dimensional alphabets.....................................................................................7
The 2-dimensional array of the Hebrew Alphabet...........................................................................8
The Origin of some Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular.................................................9
The 4 cardinal Virtues in the „Seven against Thebes“.......................................................................10
The seven days of the week................................................................................................................11
The 4 Rivers of Paradise FIRAT, Ava MEZIN, PISON, KARUN.....................................................12
The symmetry of the pentagrams FIRAT, PISON, Ava MEZIN, PASIN......................................13
The Map of the rivers FIRAT, PISON, Ava MEZIN, PASIN for the Paradise..............................14
Overview of the (19) European waterways........................................................................................15
Overview of the (7) pentagrams for the water springs.......................................................................16
Overview of the (19) pentagram names for cities .............................................................................17
Eridu...............................................................................................................................................17
Nibru..............................................................................................................................................17
Erbil...............................................................................................................................................17
Overview of the (11) pentagrams for states, royals and peoples........................................................19
Overview of the (10) pentagrams for animals....................................................................................20
Overview of the (7) pentagrams for organs and body parts...............................................................21
Overview of the (19) pentagram names without etymologies............................................................22
The pentagrams in a cuneiform spelling ...........................................................................................24
Ahuramazda...................................................................................................................................24
(H)ormizd.......................................................................................................................................25
Darius.............................................................................................................................................25
The pentagrams (DI-WE/DI-WO) for Zeus in Mycenaean Greek ....................................................26
Zeus................................................................................................................................................26
DIWIA...........................................................................................................................................27
The Tree as a Hierarchical “Pentagram Model of the World”............................................................28
The pentagrams for the trees..........................................................................................................28
The Tree as a Hierarchical “Pentagram Model of the World”.......................................................30
Summary.............................................................................................................................................31
Appendices.........................................................................................................................................33
Appendix 1 – (280) Publications by J. Richter in Scribd .............................................................33
Appendix 2 - The (incomplete) overview of (~250) pentagrams..................................................40
Appendix 3 - The 2-dimensional alphabetical structures..............................................................51
Appendices
Appendix 1 – (280) Publications by J. Richter in Scribd

The publications (~280 titles) are sorted according to their storage date. This storage is my own
record of documentations.
January – December 2022 (23)

1. The Name-Giving of the European and Mid-East Waterways
2. De ontdekking van een tweede taalniveau
3. The Pentagrams' Grammar and Vocabulary
4. Over de oorsprong van de Europese riviernamen
5. Over de speurtocht naar de pentagrammenreeksen
6. De vier waterwegen naar het paradijs
7. Categorized Overview of the Pentagrams
8. A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise
9. A new Etymology for the Pentagrams (PITAR & MATIR)
10. Een nieuwe etymologie voor de pentagrammen (PITAR en MATIR)
11. The Origin of some Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
12. Languages, which start as Baskets full of Metaphors
13. De afleiding van de koningsnamen uit de deugden
14. How four Virtues anchored our Languages
15. Hoe de vier deugden de taal verankerden
16. Wie vier Tugenden die Sprache verankerten
17. Ein archaischer Entwurf in den griechischen und germanischen Mythologien
18. Een archaïsch ontwerp in de Griekse en Germaanse mythologien
19. An Archaic Structure in the Greek and Germanic Mythologies (12.1.2022)
20. Waarom onze voorouders zich Vadir en Madir noemden
21. Waarom de Dins-, Woens- en Donderdag heilig zijn
22. Why the Tues-, Wednes- and Thursday are Sacred Day...
23. Notes to Cicero's “The Nature of the Gods”
24. De (denkbare) lokalisatie van het Hunnenrijk
25. De twee levens van Karel de Grote
January – December 2021 (86)

1. Over een etymologie van de dagen van de week
2. Cicero's Etymology for the Names of the Gods
3. Fundamentals in the Name-Giving for the Days of the Week
4. Een bewijs, dat de dagen van de week (Woensdag en Dinsdag) aan de deugden 'Wijsheid' en
'Justitie' gewijd zijn
5. Evidence for the Correlation Between the Virtues 'Wisdom' and 'Justice'
6. Socrates' Last Specifications of the Virtues
7. De relatie tussen de pentagrammen en de precessie van de equinoxen
8. A Reduced Formula for the Pentagrams
9. The Genetic Roots in the Indo-European Alphabets
10. A Restoration of the Triads in European Languages
11. Een restauratie van de triaden in de Europese talen
12. The Bison-Cult (or Why the Minotaur and Quinotaur may Symbolize a Bison)
13. De rol van de vijfletter woorden in de Indo-Europese filosofie
14. De representatie van de Griekse, Romeinse en Germaanse triades in de dagen van de week
15. Een terugblik op de geschiedenis der taalkunde
16. De Sleutels Van de Indo-Europese Religie
17. De ontcijfering van de naam Minerva
18. Zoekmethoden en statistieken voor Jwr47's archief
19. Mijn gecorrigeerde levensloop (twee tegengestelde ...
20. Epiloog van een taalkundige (kabbalist)
21. The Antipodes in Archaic Linguistics
22. De antipoden in de archaïsche taalkunde
23. Samenvatting van De taalkunde
24. Languages With, Respectively Without an Ordered Alphabet
25. An Architecture for the Family of Alphabets
26. A Scenario and Reconstruction of the Linguistic Architecture
27. A Retrospect in my Analysis of Linguistics
28. Over de spelling en correcte uitspraak van de hemelgodennamen
29. The Common Sky-god's Names in the PIE-Languages
30. The Hittite Signary as the Origin of the PIE-Alpha...
31. The Origin of the Linear-B Signary
32. The Derivation and Composition of the PIE-Theonyms
33. The Lepontic Alphabet as a Source for the Runic Signaries
34. The Role of the Southern Semitic Order in the Ugaritic Signaries
35. De rol van de wijstwaterbronnen in Brabant
36. The Common YHV-Root in the Ugaritic Alphabets
37. De reconstructie van een woordenlijst uit de wortelperiode
38. An Initial Phase for a Number of Indo-European Languages
39. De opbouwfase van een aantal Europese talen (10.8.2021)
40. The Architecture of the Words '(to) Free'
41. Over de rol van het alfabet in de elektronica en de terugziendheid
42. Het wandelende vergrootglas (ofwel “Het ontbrekende gebrek")
43. The most precious PIE-Pentagrams
44. De reconstructie van de Nederlandse pentagrammen
45. Woorden, die de roos treffen als gevederde pijlen
46. The Composition of the Words DYAUSH-PITAR and PṚTHVI-MATIR...
47. An Architecture for 2-Dimensional Alphabets
48. The Search for the Fundamental Pentagrams
49. The Pentagrams in the Old- And Middle-Persian Languages
50. A Possible Historical Record for the Development of European Languages
51. Notes to the Origin of the Elder Futhark and Ogham Runes...
52. Historisch overzicht van de taalkundige pentagrammen
53. Pentagrams as a Protection against Linguistic Erosion
54. Unveiling the Architecture of the Alphabets and Runic Signaries
55. The Origin of the Futhark, Ogham and Gothic Runes
56. De oorsprong van de Futhark, Ogham en Gotische runen
57. The Pentagrams in Names Unveiled
58. A Linguistic Distribution of the Pentagrams
59. De rol van de pentagrammen in de namen der hemellichamen
60. Swap Mutations in the Pentagram List
61. The Role of the Pentagrams in the Globe's Architecture
62. The Pentagrams in the Kernel of the PIE-Dictionary
63. Gebeitelde woorden (24.4.2021)
64. The Reconstruction of a PIE-Language's Core
65. Een reconstructie van de Dutche woordenschat
66. The Secrets of the 2-Dimensional Alphabets
67. A Self-Repair System for Languages (9.4.2021)
68. Het MINOS Project
69. An Etymology for the Pentagrams
70. The Purpose of Chilperic's Additional Letters (30.3.2021)
71. De etymologie van de woorden “Bazin” en „Baas“
72. Het alfabetische pentagram (Het verhaal van de taal)
73. A Theory of Hierarchical Alphabets
74. The Role of the Pentagrams for the Merovingian Kingdom
75. De rol van de bijen (of cicaden) uit het koningsgraf van Childerik I
76. A New Chapter to the Philosophy of Language
77. Overview of the Alphabetic Arrays (14.2.2021)
78. Bericht over de analyse van een reeks alfabetten
79. The Arrays (and the Presumed Theonym TIEU) of the Ogham Signary (11.02.2021)
80. How to Read the Theonym „TIWÆS“ in the Runic „Futhark"-Signary... (30.01.2021)
81. The Pentagrams in the Name-giving of the Runes
82. De etymologie van de namen Diaus, Dieus en Djous
83. The Etymology of the Words Diaus, Dieus and Djous ... (Scribd)
84. The Evidence of Perfect Pentagrams in Greek, Roman...
85. The Evidence of Perfect and Imperfect Pentagrams
86. De woordenlijsten der perfecte en imperfecte pentagrammen
Januari – December 2020 (44)

1. Verbale echo's in de Europese talen – Over de naamgeving van de Frankenkoningen (Dutch)
2. Patterns of the European Languages
3. Another View on the Design of the Frankish Language
4. The Generation of Perfect Pentagrams (Like LIBER, FRANK and DYAUS)
5. The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia
6. Over de naamgeving voor de goden en vorsten van het Frankenrijk
7. Hoe de adelgeslachten met de namen Franken, Willem en Lodewijk de onsterfelijkheid
konden pachten
8. The Nomenclature of the Sky-Gods - How the Royals achieved Immortality - (Scribd)
9. Standardizing the Signaries - The Encryption and Decryption of alphabets (Scribd)
10. Another View on the Sefer Yetzirah (Scribd)
11. Alphabets With Integrated Dictionaries (Scribd)
1. The Quantization of the Ugaritic Alphabet (Scribd)
2. De architectuur van het Oegaritische alfabet (Scribd)
3. A Periodic Table for Ugaritic Signaries as a Root for the Sky-god Dyaus and the
Personal Pronouns for the 1st Person Singular and Dual Form
4. Periodic Tables for the Gaelic (Irish and Scottish) alphabets (Scribd)
12. Did the Word „Deus“ Exist in the Archaic Alphabets (Scribd)
1. Periodic Tables for the Euboean and Etruscan Alphabets (Scribd)
2. A Periodic Table for the Greek Alphabet
3. Periodic Tables for the Upper and Lower Sorbian Alphabets
4. Overview of the Periodic Tables of the Sami Languages
5. Eight Periodic Tables for the Sámi Languages
13. Het hart van de Dutche taal
1. Periodic Tables for the Sami Alphabets
2. A Periodic Table for the Dutch Language
3. Periodic Tables for the Dalecarlian Runes and the Elfdalian Alphabet (Scribd)
14. The Hierarchical Structure of the Hebrew Alphabet (Scribd)
15. De hiërarchische structuur van het Hebreeuwse alfabet (Scribd)
1. A Periodic Table for the Phoenician and Hebrew Alpabet (Scribd)
2. A Periodic Table for the Icelandic Alphabet (Scribd)
3. A Periodic Table for the Coptic Alphabet (Scribd)
4. A Periodic Table for the Cyrillic Alphabet (Scribd)
16. The Impact of Ternary Coding Systems (Scribd)
17. A Pedigree for Alphabets (Scribd)
18. The Composition of the European Alphabets (Scribd)
19. The Letter Repositioning in the Greek and Latin Alphabets
20. Unstably Classified Letters in Alphabets (Scribd)
21. Notes on the Common Architecture of Alphabetical Structures (Academia.edu)
1. A Periodic Table for PIE-Alphabets
2. A Periodic Classification for the Gothic Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
3. A Periodic Classification for the Futhark-Alphabets (obsolete, Scribd)
4. A Periodic Classification for the Latin Alphabet (obsolete, Scribd)
22. The Model of a Language as a Communication Link (Scribd)
23. The Roots of the Indo-European Alphabets (12.5.2020)
24. Samenvatting van "The Alphabet as an Elementary Document"
25. The Alphabet as an Elementary Document
26. The Origin of the Name Dyaus
27. De oorsprong van de naam Diaus
28. The History of Designing an Alphabet (Scribd)
29. Een architectuur voor de PIE-talen (Scribd)
30. An Architecture for the PIE-Languages
31. A Suggested Restoration of the 'Futhark'-Sequence (Scribd)
32. The Composition of the Sky- God's Name in PIE-Languages
33. The Ternary Codes in Language and Creation (Scribd)
34. The Role of Saussure's Letter "E"
35. The Optimal Number of Vowels in Languages (Scribd)
36. A Ternary Encoding to Optimize Communications and Cooperation
37. A Golden Box to Control the Lightnings
38. The Ancient Lightning Rods around the Mediterranean Sea
39. Die ältesten Blitz(ab)leiter am Mittelmeer (Scribd)
40. Pyramids in the Role as Power Plants
41. Piramides als energiecentrales (Scribd)
42. The Role of the Pyramids in Melting Glass and Meta... (Scribd)
43. The Egyptian Drilling Technology (Scribd)
44. The Architecture of the Younger Futhark Alphabet

1. The Sources for the IΩ- Pronouns
2. Notes to Herodotus' Histories of IΩ, Europa and Medea
3. The Role of Irrigation and Drainage in a Successful Civilisation
4. De rol van de irrigatie en drainage in een succesv... (Scribd)
5. Notes to Frazer's "Pausanias's Description of Greece"
6. The Initials of European Philosophy
7. Atlantis vormde 3400 jaar geleden een Helleens Delta-project
8. The War against Atlantis
9. The "Ego"-Root inside the Name "Thebes"
10. The Role of the AEtts in the Futharc Alpabet
11. The Reconstruction of a European Philosophy
12. Traces of an old religion (The Root "Wit" in Wittekind)
13. Woden (Wuþ) as the Designer and Author of the Futhark Alphabet
14. Is the Core "Wut" in "Wutach" symbolizing "Wutan" ("Woden")
15. The Bipolar Core of Germanic Languages
16. Simon Stevin's Redefinition of Scientific Arts
17. Simon Stevin's definitie van wetenschappelijk onderzoek
18. De etymologie van de woorden met Wit-, Wita en Witan-kernen
19. The "Vit"-Roots in the Anglo-Saxon Pedigree
20. The Traces of "Wit" in Saxony
21. King Chilperic I's letters (ΔΘZΨ) may be found at the beginning ("Futha") of the runic
alphabet and at the end (WIJZAE) of the Danish alphabet
22. Aan het slot (WIJZAE) van het Deense alfabet en aan het begin ("Futha") van het
runenalfabet bevinden zich de letters (ΔΘZΨ) van koning Chilperic I
23. The Role of the Ligature AE in the European Creation Legend
24. A Concept for a Runic Dictionary
25. Concentrating the Runes in the Runic Alphabets
26. Traces of Vit, Rod and Chrodo
27. De sleutelwoorden van het Futhark alfabet
28. The Keywords of the Futhark Alphabet
29. Het runenboek met het unieke woord Tiw
30. A short Essay about the Evolution of European Personal Pronouns
31. The Evolution of the European Personal Pronouns
32. De miraculeuze transformatie van de Europese samenleving
33. The Miraculous Transformation of European Civilization
34. The Duality in Greek and Germanic Philosophy
35. Bericht van de altaarschellist over de Lof der Zotheid
36. De bronnen van Brabant (de Helleputten aan de Brabantse breuklijnen)
37. De fundamenten van de samenleving
38. De rol van de waterbronnen bij de kerstening van Nederland
39. De etymologie van "wijst" en "wijstgrond"
40. The Antipodes Mith and With
41. The Role of the Dual Form in the Evolution of European Languages
42. De rol van de dualis in de ontwikkeling der Europese talen
43. The Search for Traces of a Dual Form in Quebec French
44. Synthese van de Germanistische & Griekse mythologie en etymologie
45. De restanten van de dualis in het Dutch, English en German
46. Notes to the Corner Wedge in the Ugaritic Alphabet
47. The Origin of the long IJ-symbol in the Dutch alphabet
48. Over de oorsprong van de „lange IJ“ in het Dutche alfabet
49. The Backbones of the Alphabets
50. The Alphabet and and the Symbolic Structure of Europe
51. The Unseen Words in the Runic Alphabet
52. De ongelezen woorden in het runenalfabet
53. The Role of the Vowels in Personal Pronouns of the 1st Person Singular
54. Over de volgorde van de klinkers in woorden en in godennamen
55. The Creation Legends of Hesiod and Ovid
56. De taal van Adam en Eva (published: ca. 2.2.2019)

1. King Chilperic's 4 Letters and the Alphabet's Adaptation
2. De 4 letters van koning Chilperic I en de aanpassing van het Frankenalfabet
3. The Symbolism of Hair Braids and Bonnets in Magical Powers
4. The Antipodes in PIE-Languages
5. In het Dutch, German en English is de dualis nog lang niet uitgestorven
6. In English, Dutch and German the dual form is still alive
7. The Descendants of the Dual Form " Wit "
8. A Structured Etymology for Germanic, Slavic and Romance Languages
9. The “Rod”-Core in Slavic Etymology (published: ca. 27.11.2018)
10. Encoding and decoding the runic alphabet
11. Über die Evolution der Sprachen
12. Over het ontwerpen van talen
13. The Art of Designing Languages
14. Notes to the usage of the Spanish words Nos and Vos, Nosotros and Vosotros
15. Notes to the Dual Form and the Nous-Concept in the Inari Sami language
16. Over het filosofische Nous-concept
17. Notes to the Philosophical Nous-Concept
18. The Common Root for European Religions (published: ca. 27.10.2018)
19. A Scenario for the Medieval Christianization of a Pagan Culture
20. Een scenario voor de middeleeuwse kerstening van een heidens volk
21. The Role of the Slavic gods Rod and Vid in the Futhorc-alphabet
22. The Unification of Medieval Europe
23. The Divergence of Germanic Religions
24. De correlatie tussen de dualis, Vut, Svantevit en de Sint-Vituskerken
25. The Correlation between Dual Forms, Vut, Svantevit and the Saint Vitus Churches
26. Die Rekonstruktion der Lage des Drususkanals (published: ca. 27.9.2018)
27. Die Entzifferung der Symbolik einer Runenreihe
28. Deciphering the Symbolism in Runic Alphabets
29. The Sky-God, Adam and the Personal Pronouns
30. Notities rond het boek Tiw (Published ca. 6.2.2018)
31. Notes to the book TIW
32. Von den Völkern, die nach dem Futhark benannt worden sind
33. Designing an Alphabet for the Runes
34. Die Wörter innerhalb der „Futhark“-Reihe
35. The hidden Symbolism of European Alphabets
36. Etymology, Religions and Myths
37. The Symbolism of the Yampoos and Wampoos in Poe's “Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym
from Nantucket”
38. Notizen zu " Über den Dualis " und " Gesammelte sprachwissenschaftliche Schriften "
39. Ϝut - Het Dutche sleutelwoord
40. Concepts for the Dual Forms
41. The etymology of the Greek dual form νώ (νῶϊ)
42. Proceedings in the Ego-pronouns' Etymology
43. Notities bij „De godsdiensten der volken“
44. The Role of *Teiwaz and *Dyeus in Filosofy
45. A Linguistic Control of Egotism
46. The Design of the Futhark Alphabet
47. An Architecture for the Runic Alphabets
48. The Celtic Hair Bonnets (Published Jun 24, 2018)
49. Die keltische Haarhauben
50. De sculpturen van de Walterich-kapel te Murrhardt
51. The rediscovery of a lost symbolism
52. Het herontdekken van een vergeten symbolisme
53. De god met de twee gezichten
54. The 3-faced sculpture at Michael's Church in Forchtenberg
55. Over de woorden en namen, die eeuwenlang bewaard gebleven zijn
56. De zeven Planeten in zeven Brabantse plaatsnamen
57. Analysis of the Futhorc-Header
58. The Gods in the Days of the Week and inside the Futhor-alphabet
59. Een reconstructie van de Dutche scheppingslegende
60. The Symbolism in Roman Numerals
61. The Keywords in the Alphabets Notes to the Futharc's Symbolism
62. The Mechanisms for Depositing Loess in the Netherlands
63. Over het ontstaan van de Halserug, de Heelwegen en Heilwegen in de windschaduw van de
Veluwe
64. Investigations of the Rue d'Enfer-Markers in France
65. Die Entwicklung des französischen Hellwegs ( " Rue d'Enfer ")
66. De oorsprong van de Heelwegen op de Halserug, bij Dinxperlo en Beltrum
67. The Reconstruction of the Gothic Alphabet's Design
68. Von der Entstehungsphase eines Hellwegs in Dinxperlo-Bocholt
69. Over de etymologie van de Hel-namen (Heelweg, Hellweg, Helle..) in Nederland
70. Recapitulatie van de projecten Ego-Pronomina, Futhark en Hellweg
71. Over het ontstaan en de ondergang van het Futhark-alfabet
72. Die Etymologie der Wörter Hellweg, Heelweg, Rue d'Enfer, Rue de l'Enfer und Santerre
73. The Etymology of the Words Hellweg, Rue d'Enfer and Santerre
74. The Decoding of the Kylver Stone' Runes
75. The Digamma-Joker of the Futhark
76. The Kernel of the Futhorc Languages
77. De kern van de Futhark-talen
78. Der Kern der Futhark-Sprachen
79. De symboolkern IE van het Dutch
80. Notes to Guy Deutscher's "Through the Language Glass"
81. Another Sight on the Unfolding of Language (Published 1 maart, 2018)

1. Notes to the Finnish linguistic symbolism of the sky-god's name and the days of the week
2. A modified Swadesh List (Published 12 / 17 / 2017)
3. A Paradise Made of Words
4. The Sky-God Names and the Correlating Personal Pronouns
5. The Nuclear Pillars of Symbolism (Published 10 / 28 / 2017)
6. The Role of the Dual Form in Symbolism and Linguistics (Oct 17, 2017)
7. The Correlation between the Central European Loess Belt, the Hellweg-Markers and the
Main Isoglosses
8. The Central Symbolic Core of Provencal Language (Oct 7, 2017)
December 2011 (2)

• Proceedings in the Pronouns' Etymology (Summary 2009-2018)
• The Hermetic Codex II - Bipolar Monotheism (Scribd)
Appendix 2 - The (incomplete) overview of ( ~250) pentagrams
According to a comment to the Sefer Jetsirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter 4,
paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the Hebrew
alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph ( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (
‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the tongue with the opening of
the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial sounds] made by the release of the lips
and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬, yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by
the width of the tongue [against the palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬,
ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau (‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with
the [emission of] sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental
sounds] produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest. 42”
The following dictionary documents a number (~250) of perfect pentagrams in various languages.
Only a subset of these words have been composed as pentagrams. Other words unintentionally may
have turned into pentagrams.
#
1. A
ADUZI P Adige , ladinisch Adesc, trentinisch Àdes, Adige, (river) Italian
ETUSC P Adisch , Etsch Etsch German
2. A
AFRIN P Afrin – City and tributary of the Orontes River Afrin Turkish
3. A
AGNUS P agnus, Agnus Dei - (Noun) A lamb, especially Lamb Latin
one used as a sacrifice.
4. A
ALBIS P Elbe, latin Albis, meaning "river" or "river-bed" Albis (river) Latin
LABSK P tschech LABSK Elbe German
5. A
ALPIS P Tributary of the Danube in Herodotus (4. 49) Alpis (river) Latin
6. A
AMRIT P Amrit - a Phoenician port located near present- Amrit (port) Punic (?)
day Tartus in Syria.
7. A
AMRIT P Nectar, s. AMṚTAṂ in Amrit – Yogawiki Nectar Sanskrit
8. A
ANGUS P Angus Anglicized form of Scottish Gaelic Angus (name) Scottish
Aonghas, perhaps literally "one choice". In Irish
myth, Aonghus was the god of love and youth.
9. A
APRIL P fourth month, AUERIL, from Latin (mensis) april (month), English
AVRIL P Aprilis 2nd Month Old French
10. A
ARJUN(A) P Core: Arjun Arjuna Sanskrit
11. A
AULIS P Aulis From Ancient Greek Αὐλίς (Aulís). Aulis (port) Latin
Ancient port-town, located in Boeotia in central
Greece
12. A
A ARMIN P The etymology of the Latin name Arminius is Armin Dutch
ARMINIUS - unknown Latin
13. B
BÆTIS P Baetis, a river (Guadalquivir) in Spain Guadalquivir Latin
14. B
BATIR P batir beat Spanish
15. B
BINZA P binza Pellicle Spanish
#
16. B
BISEL P bisel bevel Spanish
17. B
BISON P from Latin bison "wild ox," (animal) bison Latin
18. B
BÔZINE - Dialect: bôzine ‘landlady’. (bazin) landlady French
19. B
BRENG P To bring To bring Dutch
20. B
BRIAN P Brian. Etymology: Uncertain; possibly borrowed Brian Irish
from Proto-Brythonic *brɨɣėnt (“high, noble”).
21. B
B BÂTIR P bastir "build, construct, sew up, baste, make to build French
BASIN P baste (v.2) - Water vessel (of unknown origin) basin English
22. B
B BRAIN P Brain, brein; of uncertain origin, evt. van fr. PIE Brain Dutch
BREIN P root *mregh-m(n)o- "skull, brain" English
BREIThEEL P welsh breitheel welsh
BRÆG(E)N P oe. bræg(e)n (ne. brain)
*MREGh- - pie. *mregh-mo- (brains) PIE
MO
23. B
BREKhMÓS - Brekhmós: skull skull Greek
24. B
B BRIDE P Bride – Old-Frisian BREID; Dutch BRUID bride Dutch
B
BREID P a word of uncertain origin. English
BRUID - Old-Frisian
25. B
P BREChT P splendid (Brecht) splendid Dutch
B
PRAChT P Brecht (pronoun) bright Germanic
BRIGHT - bright (splendid) English
26. B
P BESIN P king Bisinus ( BESIN in Frankish) Thuringian Dutch
B
B
PISΕN P PISΕN in Lombard king Frankish
BASIN(A) P Basina, the queen of Thuringia (5th century). Basina v. Lombard
BAZIN P woman in charge Thuringia Thuringian
27. B
S BIDDEN P Fides, (confidence, trust)43 Fides (virtue) Dutch
F
FIDES P σφίδη (sphídē). σφίδη Latin
ΣΦΊΔΗ - Old English: BIDDAN "to ask, beg, pray” (sphídē). Old Greek
to ask, beg,
pray
28. C
CĀNUS P cānus (canus): grey, old, aged, venerable gray-haired Latin
29. C
CHURL P Churl (ceorl or CHURL), Churl English
lowest rank of freemen). (freeman)
30. C
CHURN P To churn (of unknown origin). Churn English
31. C
CRĪBLE - Crible - sieve, sifter, riddle Crible French
32. C
CROWN P "crown" – from Latin “corona” crown English
33. D
(D)JOUR - Jour day French
34. D
*DUIRO P Duero (river) Duero (river) Spain/Portug.
35. D
DARYVŠ - D- A- R- Ya- Va- ū- Š - Darius I Darius Old-Persian
DA(R)YVŠ - daryvuS
36. D
DECUS P Decus - deeds of honor, Grace, splendor, beauty. decus Latin
Honor, distinction, glory. Pride, dignity.
43 Numa is said to have built a temple to Fides publica; Source: fides in William Smith, editor (1848) A
Dictionary of Greek Biography and Mythology
#
37. D
DIAUS P Dyáuṣ Pitṛṛ Sky-Father Sanskrit
38. D
DIÉU(S) P Dieu God French
39. D
DIVES P Dives (river) in France Dives (river) French
40. D
DIVES P dives rich, wealthy Latin
41. D
DIVUS - Divine, godlike – from the same source as deus. Divine Latin
godlike
42. D
DOUIX - Douix (Source at the river Seine) Douix (river) French
43. D
DYEUS P *Dyeus (god) DIEUS (god) PIE
44. D
D DIS-PATER - Dīs Pater Dīs Pater Latin deity
DĪVES- P originally DĪVES-PATER (m.)
PATER
45. E
ELPIS P Elpis hope Greek
46. E
ERBIL P Erbil. also HAWLER or Arbela, capital and most Erbil
populated city in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq
47. E
ERIDU P Eridu ("confluence" of the rivers) is the first city Eridu (city) Sumerian
in the world by the ancient Sumerians
48. E
ERMÏN P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98): (Irminones) (H)ERMÏN – Latin
(ARMIN) Herman
49. E
S ESPIÑA P spine (thorn, backbone, needle) Thorn, back English
S
S
SPINE P spīna (thorn, backbone, needle) Needle Latin
S
S
SPĪNA P spiná (спинаṛ , back) backbone Russian
SPINÁ - σπίλος (spílos) (rock, reef, cliff) cliff Greek
ΣΠΊΛΟΣ - espiña spine Galician
SPELD - speld, diminutive form of SPINE needle Dutch
50. F
FAÐIR P Faðir, FAÐIR Father Old-Norse
51. F
FAϸIR P The “father” seems to be a feeding care-taker, Feeder-father rune
including the “foster” father. In contrast the
procreator father is named the “Kuni”.
52. F
FASTI P Fasti - Allowed days Fasti Latin
53. F
FĒLIS P Felis – cat, fret Cat (animal) Latin
54. F
FELIZ P feliz (happy) feliz Spanish
55. F
FESTI P Festī, Festî - ‘strength, power, document’ (veste) fort Old-German
56. F
FIETS P Origin uncertain. Maybe from “vietse” ‘running’; bicycle Dutch
etymology from fiets (rijwiel)
57. F
FINAR P finar to die Spanish
58. F
FIRAT P The name (Euphrates) is YEPRAT in Armenian Firat (river) Turkish
(Եփրատ), PERAT in Hebrew (‫)פרת‬, FIRAT in [Euphrates] Kurdish
Turkish and FIRAT in Kurdish.
59. F
FOSITE Fosite: Norse god for justice Fosite (god) Frisian
60. F
FRANC P Frank free Dutch
FRANK P
61. F
F FRIJŌNĄ - from Proto-Germanic *frijōną to love; to Proto-Germ.
V
F
FRIJŌN P to free; make free free; to like Prt.-W.
#
V
V VRÎEN P Germ.
F
FRIJEN P M.L. German
VRIEN P Low German
VRIJEN P Middle Dutch
FRIJŌN P Dutch
Gothic
62. F
L FILOS P Filos, from: “philosopher” love Greek
L
ΦIΛOΣ P ΦIΛOΣ Greek
LIEF(S) P Dutch
LIeBES - German
63. F
P FYSON P Rivers of Paradise: Pison, Gihon, Hiddekel (or Fyson (river) Mid.-English
PISON P Tigris), and Euphrates. Pison English
64. G
GAUTR P Runen-Sprachschatz (Runic dictionary,German) wise man Icelandic
65. G
GENUS P genus (GENUS, “kind, sort, ancestry, birth”) Family, Latin
pedigree
66. G
GENU(S) P *genu, English knee Knee Latin
67. G
D DI-WE (S) or - DI-WE or DI-WO or DI-WE (S) or DI-WO (S) Zeus (*DiI ēus) Mycenaean
DI-WO (S) - Zeus (*DiI ēus) Greek
68. H
H HLEIFR - loaf (n.), the Germanic origin is uncertain bread Germanic
K
HLAIFS Hleifr Old-Norse
KHLAIBUZ Hlaifs Gothic
69. H
S (HI)SP ANIA - Spain - The origins of the Roman name Hispania, Spain (state) Spanish
S
SP AIN P and the modern España, are uncertain, although English
SP ANIA - the Phoenicians and Carthaginians referred to the Phoenician
region as Spania
70. I
INFERNO Inferi: "inhabitants of infernal regions, the dead." Inferno (Hell) Latin
71. I
IOU-piter – Jupiter (D)IOU(S) JOU-piter Latin
DJOUS P (*DJOUS PATĒR)
72. I
ISLAM P Islam – "submission [to God]" Islam English
73. I
ISTÆV P Tacitus's Germania (AD 98) – Istvaeones ISTÆV – Latin
74. I
J IANUS P Janus -god of the beginning and end [1]. Janus Latin
JANUS P Janus French
75. J
JUDAS P Judas Judas (name) Dutch
76. J
JULES P Jules Jules (name) French
77. J
JURAT P Jurat in Guernsey en Jersey Jury (court) French
78. J
JURON P juron curse French
79. J
JUSTE P Just "just, righteous; sincere" just French
JUSTO P Spanish
80. J
JUTES P Jutes People of English
Jutland
81. k
KARUN P Karun, Iran's most effluent and only navigable Karun (river) English
river. In the Bible: Gihon River, at the Garden
of Eden near the Persian Gulf, fed by the four
rivers Tigris, Euphrates, Gihon (Karun) and
Pishon (Wadi Al-Batin). The name is derived
#
from the mountain range named Kuhrang (→ :
Karoen)
82. K
KAUTR P Related to (runes) “Kuþlant” (Gotland) and wise runic
“Guth” (God)
83. K
KOTUS P Kotys (war, slaughter) war, slaughter Greek
84. K
KREY(N) P sieve, sifter, riddle *KREY(N) PIE-root
85. K
K KRAUT P Kraut / cruyt – Gothic *krûþ (genitive *krûdis), herbs Dutch
C
KRUID – neuter, might be taken for krû-da German
CRUYT - Indo-European references are unsecure.
86. L
*LIWAR P Loire Loire (river) French
87. L
LACUS P the l-rune (OE lagu, ON lǫgr/laugr (i, k, l, m ) water in some Latin
LAGUZ Laguz form Old-Norse
LAUGR
88. L
LAIUS P Laius- Son of Labdacus. Father, by Jocasta, of Laius Greek
Oedipus, who killed him.
89. L
LAPIS P Stone - May be connected with Ancient Greek lapis Latin
λέπας (lépas, “bare rock, crag”), from Proto-
Indo-European *lep- (“to peel”)
90. L
LEVIS P Levis, light (not heavy), quick, swift . Fickle , Levis (light) Latin
dispensable , trivial, trifling , easy (e.g. food)
91. L
LEWIS P Lewis (Louis, Clovis) (royal) Lewis English
92. L
LIB(A)RŌ P Liver (Germanic: *LIB(A)RŌ-) liver English
LIFER P lifer (Old English) Old English
LIVER P
*LIBRŌ
93. L
LIBAR P libar suck Spanish
LIBER
94. L
LIBRA P libra Pound Spanish
P Libra Libra
(astrology)
95. L
LIBRA P Libra scales Latin
96. L
LIBRE P libre (adj.) free Spanish
97. L
LIEF(S) P Lief – crefte lieuis ‘power of love’ [10e century; Love Dutch
W.Ps.]
98. L
LIMES P Limes (border) border Latin
99. L
LII MOS P Limos starvation Greek
100. L
LIVES P lives lives English
101. L
LIVRE P livre book French
102. L
LOCUS P Location – Latin locus is from Old-Latinn stlocus Location Latin
‘id.’, etymology uncertain; maybe from → stal.
(loco-.)
103. L
LOUIS P Louis (Chlodowig) – LOUIS (royal) Louis French
104. L
LOUIS P Clovis (Chlodovechus) (Ch)LOUIS (royal) Clovis French
#
105. L
LUGAR P lugar {m} location Spanish
106. L
LUIER P luier (diaper) diaper Dutch
107. L
LÚKOS P LÚKOS ("wolf") Lúkos (wolf) Greek
108. L
LUXIA (?) - Luxia1 (river in Spain: Rio Tinto) Tinto (river) Latin
109. L
LUXOR P among the oldest inhabited cities in the world Luxor, Egypt
110. L
L LIBER P the word “Liberi” was a pluralia tantum Child Latin
LIBERI - (only used in the plural) Children
111. L
L LIBER P Liber - free, independent, unrestricted, unchecked free Latin
L
L
LIURE P (→ freeman) Old Occitan
L LIBRO P Old Occitan: liure ; Provencal libro Provencal
LIVRE P Portuguese: livre Portuguese
LIBRE P French: libre French
112. M
(Ava) MEZIN In Kurdish, the Tigris is known as Ava Mezin, Ava Mezin Kurdish
"the Great Water". [Tigris] river
113. M
*MOSIL P German Mosel, French Moselle, Dutch Moezel Mosel (river) German
114. M
MANSI P Are the Minoans and the Mansi in Siberia Mansi
related? | Minoans Part 6 (mensen)
115. M
MANUS - Manus - (मनस):—[from man] m. man or Manu man, mankind Sanskrit
(the father of men)
116. M
MARITSA - Maritsa (river) Maritsa river Bulgarian
MERIÇ P Meriç [meɾittʃ] Meriç[meɾittʃ] Turkish
117. M
MATIR P Mother – van Doorn A (2016). "On The Mother Gaulish
Gaulish Influence on Breton"
118. M
MATRI P Sicilian: [1] dativus: matri (MATRI) (dat.) Mother Sicilian
119. M
MEDIR P medir (algo) {verb} measure Spanish
120. M
MELIS P Melis (honeybee → [Telling the bees]) Melis (name) Dutch
121. M
MENRVA – MENRVA and MINERVA are Etruscan & Roman Menrva (god) Etruscan
MINERVA P names for Metis, the deity of wisdom Minerva Latin
122. M
MENSCh P man (person) from MENNISKO ('person') (1100) Man (person) Dutch
123. M
MERIT P Merit (Christianity), Merit (Buddhism), Variants: Merit English
MARIT P Maret (Estonia)/Marit (Swedish). (Name)
124. M
METIS P Metis (personified by Athena, pag. 2-59) Mind, (deity) Greek
(ΜΗΗΤΙΣ) P wisdom. She was the first wife of Zeus. wisdom
125. M
MIDAS P Midas (/ˈmaɪdəs/; Greek: Μίδας) is the name of Midas (royal) Greek
one of at least three members of the royal house
of Phrygia.
126. M
MILAS P Original capital of Caria. Milas Greek
127. M
MILES P Latin mīles (“soldier”) ; Myles (given name) mīles Latin
Etymology unknown, maybe of Etruscan origin. (“soldier”)
128. M
MÌNAS P Μήνας (moon) moon Greek
129. M
MINOR P minor (“less, smaller, inferior”) minor Latin
130. M
MINOS P Minos - Royal Name Minos (royal) Linear A
(Cretan)
#
131. M
MITÉRA - μητέρα (MITÉRA): [1] Mother New Greek
132. M
MIThER P mither (MIThER) Mother Scots
133. M
MIThRA(S) P Mithra - Zoroastrian angelic divinity (yazata) Mithra (god) Avestan
of covenant, light, and oath
134. M
MITRA P Mitra (Deity in the Rigveda) Mitra (god) Sanskrit
135. M
MÓÐIR P Móðir - MÓÐIR mother Icelandic
136. M
MΑRKT P markt (from Mercatus?) (market) market Dutch
137. M
ΜΈΤRΙΟS P Metrios - moderate, average, mean Metrion Greek
138. M
ΜΥΗΘΟΣ P Virtue: temperance: mythos (belief in real Myth Greek
history) - word of “unknown origin”
139. M
M MAINZ P Mainz – Mogontiacum. Main is from Latin Mainz (city) German
M
MENUS P Moenis (also MOENUS or MENUS), the name Main (river) German
MOENUS P the Romans used for the river.
140. M
M MELKS P Melk(en) milk Dutch
M
MÉLŽTI – (Lithuanian MÉLŽTI; Slovene MLÉSTI < Lithuanian
MLÉSTI - *MELZTI; all ‘milks’.) Slovene
141. N
NABIS P Nabis - Nabis, tyrant of Sparta Nabis (royal) Latin
142. N
NAVIS P Nāvis- ship or nave (middle or body of a church) ship Latin
143. N
NIFFER P Nibru was the original name of the city of Nibru Sumerian
NUFFAR - Nippur. Great complex of ruin mounds known to
NIBRU - the Arabs as Nuffar, written by the earlier
explorers Niffer, divided into two main parts by
the dry bed of the old Shatt-en-Nil (Arakhat)
Source: Nibru
144. N
NÎMES P Nîmes - Nemausus god of the local Volcae tribe. Nîmes French
145. N
NĪRAṂ P Nīraṃ water Sanskrit
146. N
NIRVA P nirvāṇa, “blown or put out, extinguished”), from Nirwana Sanskrit
ननस (nis, “out”) + व (vā, “to blow”).
147. N
NUGOR P Nugor- I jest, trifle, play the fool, talk nonsense I trifle Latin
148. O
(H)ORMIZD - *Hasura MazdʰaH - Ahura Mazda Armenian
- Ahura Mazda (supreme god) (H)ormazd Old-Persian
149. O
OCNUS P Ocnus – king of Alba Longa. He founded Ocnus (royal) Latin
modern Mantua in honor of his mother.[1]
150. O
OMNIS P Omnis - all, a word of unknown origin all Latin
151. P
*P ADIR P Pader (river) - word of unknown origin Pader (river) German
152. P
PANIS P Pānis (bread, loaf ) bread, loaf Latin
153. P
PARThI P Parthi - the Parthians, a Scythian people, Parthi Latin
154. P
PATIR P Patir (Vader) Vader Oscan
155. P
PEDIR P pedir algo {verb} request Spanish
156. P
PEDIS P Pĕdis - Louse louse Latin
157. P
PĒNIS P Penis ; Old Low German root: *PISA penis Latin
#
158. P
PÍAST P píast, péist -From Middle Irish péist, from Old Péist (beest) Irish
PÍEST Irish píast, from Latin bēstia.
159. P
PIeTER P Pieter (symbolic “PITER” or “PITAR”, because Pieter Dutch
the “e” indicates a long I vowel)
160. P
PILAR P short for "Maria del Pilar" and a popular Spanish Pilar (name) Spanish
given name
161. P
PILAR P Pilar (Catalan, Norwegian Bokmål, Nynorsk) pillar Catalan
Norse
162. P
PINEoS - Pineios ; Greek: Πηνειός Pineios (river) Greek
163. P
PITAR P Pitar (father) Father Sanskrit
164. P
PITER P Initial Name Sankt-Piter-Boerch (Санкт-Питер- Saint-Piter- Russian
Бурхъ) for Saint Petersburg (from Geschiedenis) Borough
165. P
PRAChT P Pracht (splendor) splendor Dutch
166. P
PRANG P Prang (nose clip) nose clip Dutch
167. P
PRITHVI - Prithvi earth Sanskrit
168. P
PRONG P Prong ([Fish-]fork) (Fish-)fork English
169. P
PYLOS P Pylos - "Palace of Nestor" in Homer's Iliad. Pylos Greek
170. P
PYOTR P Pjotr (name) Peter Russian
171. P
PYREN(e) P Pyrene (Heuneburg); → Hekataios von Milet Pyrene Greek
172. P
B P ADIS P Padus (Po) (river), Padus (Po) Latin
BODIS P Bodincus (old Ligurian) Bodincus Ligurian
173. P
F PISON P Rivers of Paradise: Pis(h)on, (along with Fyson (river) English
FYSON P Hiddekel (Tigris), Phrath (Euphrates) and Gihon) Pis(h)on Mid.-English
174. P
P POLIS P ancient Greek city-state, 1894, from Greek polis, polis Greek
PTOLIS - ptolis "citadel, fort, city, .." from PIE *tpolh-
"citadel; .. high ground; hilltop"
175. P
P POTIS P powerful, able, capable; possible powerful Latin
PATIS P husband Lithuanian
176. P
P POLISh P from Latin polire "to polish, make smooth; To polish (E) English
P
POLIRE - decorate, embellish;" , from: polīre ‘polish’, polieren (D) Latin
POLIS P unknown etymology. polijsten (NL) French
177. Q
QUERN P quern (n.) quern English
178. Q
QUR'AN P Quran – het heilige Boek van de Islam Quran Arabic
179. R
*RHIJUN P Rhein, Rhine, Rijn Rhine (river) Germanic
180. R
RAPID P rapid from French rapide, from Latin rapidus rapid English
181. R
RIJVΕN P rijven (to rake) (to write) To rake, write Dutch
182. R
RIVAL P rival - from Latin rivalis "a rival" originally, "of rival English
the same brook,"
183. R
RĪVΕN P rīven (mnd. rīven ‘to rub’) To rub Mnd.-Dutch
184. R
RIVΕT P rivet (fastener) rivet English
185. R
R RUÏNΕ P maybe from Latin verb ruere ruin Dutch
#
RUINA P (plural: RUINÆ) Latin
186. R
R RIJPΕN P ripen (etymology uncertain) ripen Dutch
R
RIPΕN P ripen English
REIFΕN - reifen German
187. S
SIBYL P sibyls are female prophets in Ancient Greece. sibyl English
188. S
SIFON P Siphon, sifon, syphon- from Ancient Greek ; sifon Old French
SIPhON P σίφων (síphōn, "pipe, tube for drawing wine from siphon English
SYPhON P a cask,"), of uncertain origin; σίφων Ancient
Greek
189. S
SILVA P Silva (wood, forest ) Silva Latin
190. S
SIMLA P Simla (city in India) Simla (stad) Indian (?)
191. S
SIMON P Simon Simon Dutch
192. S
SMILA P Smila (Σμίλα), city of Crusis, Herodotus. Smila Greek
Histories. 7.123.
193. S
SMILA Smile: Scandinavian source (such as Danish smile, smirk, Swedish
SMILE SMILE "smile," Swedish SMILA "smile, smirk, simper, fawn Danish
SMIÊT simper, fawn"), from Proto-Germanic *smil-, Latvian
extended form of PIE root *smei- "to laugh,
smile"
194. S
SOLYM(us) P Solym(us) (mountain) and Solym(us) (city) Solyma (city) Greek
195. s
SPAIN P Spain Spain English
196. S
SPILE P Spile wooden fork Latvian
197. S
SPINA P Spina - Etruscan city at the mouth of the Po-river Spina (city) Etruscan
198. S
SUTHI P tomb tomb Etruscan
199. S
SWINE P Swine - Old High German swin, Middle Dutch Swine English
swijn, Dutch zwijn, German Schwein, Old Norse, (animal)
Swedish, Danish svin)
200. S
S SABIN P Sabine [member of an Italian tribe] {1625} Sabine Etruscan
SABIJN P etymology: ‘kin’ sabijn Dutch
201. S
S SAUIL P sauil (Gothic), de zon en de letter “S” sun, Gothic
S
SAULI P sauli (Lithuanian, Indo-European Languages) (the letter S) Lithuanian
SÁULĖ - sáulė (Lithuanian)
202. T
TAGUS P The river Tagus in Spain, (in Spanish: Tajo) Tagus (river) Latin
203. T
TAMIS P tamis sifter French
204. T
TAPIR P Tapir Tapir English
205. T
TAXUS P Taxus baccata (European yew) yew English
206. T
TEIWS P The name of a Gothic deity named *TEIWS *TEIWS Gothic
(later *Tīus) (later *Tīus)
207. T
TERUG P terug (return, backwards) return Dutch
208. T nd
ThEMIS P ThEMIS – After METIS the 2 wife of Zeus Themis Greek
(ΘEMIΣ) P (justice)
209. T
THIUS P Thius (Late Latin) uncle Thius Latin
From Ancient Greek θεῖος (theîos).
#
210. T
ThÍVA(s) - Thebe (in Boeotië) (Griekenland) Thebe Greek
Greek: Θήβα, Thíva [ˈθiva]
211. T
THUIS P thuis (at home) “at home” Dutch
212. T
ThYBES P Thebes (Egypt) – Ancient Greek: Θῆβαι Thebes Egyptian
213. T
ThYMOS P Courage (θυμός) soul, will , temper, mind θυμός Greek
214. T
TIBER P Tiber Etymology pre-Latin, origin may be Italic. Tiber (river) Latin
215. T
TIEUS P TIEUS (Tieu) plural of - A surname, borrowed Tieu(s) Vietnamees
from Vietnamese Tiêu, from Chinese 蕭.
216. T
TIFOS P Tifos "still water" still water Aegean
217. T
TIMOR P timor (Latin) awe, reverence. fear, dread. timor Latin
218. T
TIVAR P Plural for the deity týr gods Old-Norse
219. T
TIVAS P *Tīwaz deity Proto-
Germanic
220. T
TIWAS P Tiwaz Sun (as God) Luwian
221. T
TIWAZ P Rune (ᛏ) for the deity Týr Týr (god) rune
222. T
TJEUS P nickname to define the JEU-sayers Val Medel Sursilvan
(Sw.)
223. T
TRIBΕ P Tribe (stam) Tribe English
224. T
TUROG P Locale pagan deity in Sussex Turog (god) Celtic (?)
225. T
T TAPIS P Tapis, rug French
T
TAPIS P Byzantine-Greek Byz.-Greek
TÁPĒS - Tápēs, Greek Greek
226. U
ULRIKE - Ulrike (female given name) Ulrike (name) German
227. U
UNIRΕ P ūnīre (to join, to unite, to put together), ūnīre Latin
228. U
U ÛÐIRA P Udder Udder Germanic
UIDER P Middle Dutch
UYDER P
229. U
U URINA P from Latin urina "urine," from PIE *ur- (source Urine, sperm Dutch
URINΕ P also of Greek ouron "urine"), variant of root *we- (source:urine) Latin
r- "water, liquid, milk, sperm" English
230. U
U UUATIRO – water (in watrischafo [709; ONW]) water (fluid) Dutch
W
WATRIS – Old-Irish uisce ‘water’ (also see → whisky); Dutch
UISCE - Old-Irish
231. V
VAÐIR P vaðir (from váð; piece of cloth; garment) Clothes (plr.) Old-Norse
232. V
VALIS P Waal Waal (river) Latin
ChALUZ
233. V
VANIR P Vanir- House of the Wise (group of gods Vanir (gods) English
associated with health, fertility, wisdom, and the
ability to see the future. )
234. V
VEINS P veins veins English
235. V
VENUS - Godess for love, beauty, desire, sex, fertility, Venus (god) Latin
prosperity and victory
#
236. V
VIDAR P Víðarr - son of Odin Víðarr (god) Old Norse
237. V
VIRAL P Viral viral English
238. V
VLIES P Vlies (membrane) membrane Dutch
239. V
VRAChT P Vracht (freight) freight Dutch
240. V
VRIJEN P (1): “VRIJEN”: to make love (1240). Originally: 1: To court Dutch
“to love” (from: vriend in Etymologiebank). 2: The free
(2): “de VRIJEN”: the “free people” people
(“FRANKs”)
241. V
W VIŽDĄ - “To have seen” - to wit (v.), weten, weten To know Dutch
W
WETEN - (German); OldChurchSlaw. viždą, vidiši, viděti to see, German
WISSEN ‘zien’ vědě ‘ik weet’; to know OCL
242. W
(W)ILUŠA - Wiluša (Ἴλιον, ĪĪlion ) Troy, ĪĪlion Hittite
243. W
WHIRL P whirl to spin English
244. W
WIJSEL P Wijsel, Wissel, Wisła Wijsel, Wissel German
VISLA P (ancient sources spell the name ISTULA) Wisła (river) Polish
245. W
WIJZEN P To point, to teach To teach Dutch
246. W
WISEN(t) - Bison bonasus, WISEN(t) of Europese BIZON Wisent Germanic
247. W
WIZARD - wizard – (originally): "to know the future." (?) philosopher English
248. W
WIZZŌD - wet wet Old.H.-Germ.
249. W
WRANG P wrang (sourish) sourish Dutch
250. W
WRONG P wrong wrong English
251. W
W WRITE P To write To write English
WRITA P Old Frisian
252. Y
YSULA P Yssel, IJssel Yssel (river) Latin
ISULA IJssel
253. Z
DŹWINA P Düna ; Polish Dźwina Düna (river) Polish
254. Z
ZEMLJA - Zemlja (earth) earth Slavic
255. Z
ZUNGE P Zunge; from Proto-West Germanic *tungā, from tongue German
*TUNGǬ - Proto-Germanic *tungǭ; from Proto-Indo- Prt-Germanic
LINGUA - European *dnnǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Latin lingua Latin
TONGUE - English
Dictionary with a number of (~250) perfect pentagrams

Appendix 3 - The 2-dimensional alphabetical structures 44
Overview
This overview contains a compact list of alphabetical, 2-dimensional arrays for a number of
alphabets.
The 2-dimensional arrays allows the display of Great Names (theonyms) and personal pronouns of
the 1st person (in singular, dual and plural) and 2nd person. I the PIE-languages most of the Great
Names are composed of the five representative letters of the 5 categories linguals, palatals,
gutturals, labials, dentals. Several royal families (including the Frankish royalties) also composed
their offspring's names with letters of the same categories, such as (C)LOUIS45.
A remarkable difference may be identified between the runic-based signaries and the Phoenician-
based alphabets:
1. The non-runic alphabets display the Great Name at the second row:
2. The Futhark-based runic signaries are displaying the Great Name at the third row
3. The Ogham-based signaries are displaying the Great Name at the fourth row
The following alphabetical arrays have been copied from the more detailed essay46:
1. The Hebrew Alphabet
2. The Latin alphabet
3. The elder Futhark signary
4. The younger Futhark signary
5. The Gothic alphabet
6. The early Greek alphabet
7. The early Etruscan alphabet
8. The Greek alphabet
9. The Coptic Alphabet
10. The Old English Latin Alphabet
11. The Fuydork-alphabet
12. The Cyrillic alphabet
13. The ogham signaries
14. The Ugaritic alphabets
44 Source: Overview of the Alphabetic Arrays (14.2.2021)

45 The Naming Convention for Kings in Francia
46 Source: How to Read the Theonym „TIWÆS“ in the Runic „Futhark"-Signary... (13.02.2021)
The categorization of the Hebrew alphabet
According to a comment to the Sefer Yetzirah the letters in the Hebrew alphabet had been
Based on Rabbi Saadia Gaon's Judeo-Arabic commentary on “Sefer Yetzirah” (chapter
4, paragraph 3), wherein he describes the phonetic sounds of the 22 characters of the
Hebrew alphabet and classifies them in groups based on their individual sounds: “Aleph
( ‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫ )ע‬are [gutturals sounds] produced from the depth of the
tongue with the opening of the throat, but bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫ )פ‬are [labial
sounds] made by the release of the lips and the end of the tongue; whereas gimel (‫)ג‬,
yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫ )ק‬are [palatals] separated by the width of the tongue [against the
palate] with the [emission of] sound. However, daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau
(‫ )ת‬are [linguals] separated by the mid-section of the tongue with the [emission of]
sound; whereas zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin (‫ )ש‬are [dental sounds]
produced between the teeth by a tongue that is at rest.47”
Phonetic Hebrew categorization letters Latin alphabet letters

category Categorization
linguals daleth (‫)ד‬, ṭet (‫)ט‬, lamed (‫)ל‬, nūn (‫)נ‬, tau (‫ )ת‬5 D, T, L, N, (Þ) 4
palatals gimel (‫)ג‬, yōd (‫)י‬, kaf (‫)כ‬, quf (‫)ק‬ 4 C, G, I, J, K, Q, X 7
gutturals aleph (‫)א‬, hé (‫)ה‬, ḥet (‫)ח‬, ‘ayin (‫)ע‬ 4 A, Ε, H, O, Y 5
labials bet (‫)ב‬, waw (‫)ו‬, mim (‫)מ‬, pé (‫)פ‬ 4 B, F, V, M, P, U, W 7

dentals zayin (‫)ז‬, samekh (‫)ס‬, ṣadi (‫)צ‬, resh (‫)ר‬, shin 5 Z, S, R 3
(‫)ש‬
Sum 22 26 + 1
Table 34 Hebrew categorization and the best-fit categorized Latin alphabet

5 Taw T22 Shin S21
4 Nun N14 Qoph K19 Ayin Gh16 Pe Ph17 Resh R20
3 Lamedh L12 Kaph Ch11 Heth H8 Mem M13 Tsade Ts18
2 Teth T9 Yodh I10 He Ε5 Waw V6 Samekh S15
1 Dalet D4 Gimel G3 Aleph Æ1 Bet B2 Zayin Z7
Table 35: The Hebrew alphabet displaying the the Great Name I10-Ε5-V6
The categorization of the Latin alphabet
Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Transcription
Ugaritic 30
ʾa b g ḫ d h w z ḥ ṭ y k š l mḏ n ẓ s ʿ p ṣ q r s ġ t ʾi ʾu s2
abecedaria
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Hebrew 22
‫ג ב א‬ ‫כ י טח ז ו הד‬ ‫מל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫שרק צ פ ע ס‬ ‫ת‬
Old-Greek 21 A B Γ Δ Ε Υ Ζ ΗΘ Ι Κ ΛΜ Ν ΟΠ s q Ρ Σ Τ
Classic Greek 21 A B Γ Δ Ε Ζ ΗΘ Ι Κ ΛΜ Ν ΟΠ Ρ Σ Τ YXΩ
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21-26
C Ϝ I V,U,W,
Latin 26 A B DE Z H Þ K LM N O P s QR S T
G V J X,Y,Z
Table 36 Ugaritic abecedaria (1) of the "Northern Semitic order" (27-30 letters)
(Categorized according to the Hebrew standard of Rabbi Saadia Gaon's comments)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21-26
C Ϝ I V,U,W,
Latin 26 A B DE Z HÞ K LM N O P s QR S T
G V J X,Y,Z
Table 37 Categorization of the Latin alphabet
(Source: Over de redenen, waarom onze voorvaderen een eigen runenreeks ontwierpen... )
The Latin alphabet is defined as linguals: D, Þ L, N, T, palatals: C - G, I (- J), K, Q, X , the
gutturals: A, Ε, H, O, Y, labials: B, ϝ48 - V, M, P, U, W and the dentals: Z, S, R.

6 (W)
5 T22 (X) (Y) (U) S21
4 N14 Q19 O16 P17 R20
3 L12 K11 H8 M13 (Ts18)
2 Þ9 I10(J10) Ε5 (ϝ6) → V6 (s15)
1 D4 C3 → G3 A1 B2 Z7
Table 38: The Latin alphabet with the theonym Þ-I-Ε-V–S (respectively Þ-I-Ε-U–S )
48 Digamma (ϝ) - an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet, may be exchanged by /W/, /F/, /U/, /V/
The categorization of the elder Futhark signary
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Elder ᚠ ᚢ ᚦ ᚨᚱ ᚲ ᚷ ᚹ ᚺ ᚾ ᛁ ᛃ ᛇ ᛈ ᛉ ᛊ ᛏ ᛒ ᛖ ᛗ ᛚ ᛜ ᛟ ᛞ
Futhark F UÞ A R KGW H N I J Æ P Z S T B E ML Ŋ O D
ætts "Freyr's ætt" "Hagal's ætt" Tyr's ('Mars') ætt
Table 39 The Categorization of the elder Futhark Signary
The display of TIAEWS – ordered vertically
Letter # 1 2 3 4 5 6
linguals Þ N T17 L Ŋ D
palatals K G I11 J
gutturals A H Æ13 E O
labials F U W8 P B M
dentals R Z S16
Table 40 Sorted Futhark Signary
The display of TIAEWS – ordered horizontally

6
ᛞ- D ᛗ- M
5
ᛜ- Ŋ ᛟ- O ᛒ- B
4
ᛚ- L ᛃ- J ᛖ- E ᛈ- P
3
ᛏ- T ᛁ- I ᛇ- Æ ᚹ- W ᛊ- S
2
ᚾ- N ᚷ- G ᚺ- H ᚢ- U ᛉ- Z
1
ᚦ- Þ ᚲ- K ᚨ- A ᚠ- F ᚱ- R
Table 41 Displaying the PIE-theonym TIÆWS for the sky-god in the Elder Futhark Signary
The categorization of the younger Futhark signary
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
Transcript Younger Futhark FUÞ AR C HN I Æ S T B M L R
Ætts "Freyr's ætt" "Hagal's ætt" Tyr's ('Mars') ætt
Table 42 The Categorization of the Younger Futhark Signary
linguals palatals labials gutturals dentals

6 D
5 Ŋ B/M O
4 L J P/B E S
3
T12 I9 U2/W Æ10 R16
2 N (G) (U) H Z/S
1 Þ K/C F A R
Table 43 Displaying the Germanic theonyms TIU and
T12I9U2Æ10R16 in the Younger Futhark Signary
The categorization of the Gothic alphabet
Gothic alphabet Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ϛ Ζ Η Φ Ψ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν G ᚢΠ Ϙ R S, Τ Υ Ϝ Χ Θ
Ω Ͳ
ϰ ᛃ Σ F ᛟϠ
Transliteration a b g d e g z h þ i k l m n j u p Q r s t w f xƕ o
↓ ↓ ↓
Greek alphabet Α Β Γ Δ Ε Υ Ζ Η Θ Ι ΚΛ ΜΝ Ξ ΟΠ Q Ρ Σ Τ Υ X Ω
Old Latin A DE F H I K MN O S V
C F
Latin alphabet A B G DE V Z H (θ) I KL MN OP Q v S Τ u v w x y z
Number value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Gothic alphabet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 44 The categorization table for the Gothic alphabet as defined by the Visigoth bishop Ulfilas
linguals gutturals palatals labials dentals #

6 ᛏ, Ͳ (Ϡ) ? Ω-Ω Χ-X Ϝ-F 3
5 Τ-Τ Θ – Ƕ/Y Ϙ-Q Υ-W 4
4 Ν-N ᚢ- O G-J Π-P 4
3 Λ-L Η-H Κ-K Μ-M S-S 5
2 ΦΨ - Þ Ε-E Ι - I Ϛ- F/V49 R - R 5
1 Δ-D Α-A Γ-G Β-B Ζ -Z 5
# 5 6 6 6 3 26
Table 45 Highlighting the Gothic theonym ΦΕΙϚR (ÞEIVR) in the Gothic Signary
(in Gothic letters and a Latin transliteration)
49 Digamma (ϝ)
The categorization of the early Greek alphabet
The following overview maps the correlation between the early Greek and the Classical Greek
alphabets:
Let-
Section A-section (h)E-section Y-section O-section
ters
Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
Transcription
Ugaritic
30
ʾa b g ḫ d h wz ḥ ṭ y k š l mḏ n ẓ s ʿ p ṣ q r s ġ t
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Hebrew 22
‫גב א‬ ‫ת שר ק צ פ ע ס נ מ ל כ י ט ח ז ו ה ד‬
Early Greek 21 A BΓ Δ Ε ΥΖΗΘΙ Κ ΛΜ Ν ΟΠ s q Ρ Σ Τ
Classical Greek 21 A B Γ Δ Ε ΖΗΘΙ Κ ΛΜ Ν ΟΠ Ρ Σ ΤYXΩ

5 Τ 1
4 Ν Ο Q Π Σ 5
3 Λ Η Κ Μ Ρ 5
2 Θ Ε Ι Υ s 5
1 Δ Α Γ Β Ζ 5
# 5 4 4 4 4 21
Table 47 Displaying the early Greek theonym (ΘΕΙΥs) in the early Hellenic Signary
(Greek uppercase letters)
The categorization of the early Etruscan alphabet
Fig. 6: Early Etruscan alphabet with transliteration
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
A B C D E VZ H Θ I K L M N (s) (o) P Ś Q R S T U Ś φ χ
Table 48 The categorized early Etruscan alphabet at the Bucchero-Amphore of Formello
(from: Formello Alphabet.jpg)
(The letters in brackets (s) and (o) are not used)

6 χ φ 2
5 T X U S 4
4 N (O) Q P R 5
3 L H K M Ś 5
2 Θ E I V (S) 5
1 D A C B Z 5
# 5 4 6 6 5 26
Table 49 Displaying the early Etruscan theonym ΘEIV(S) in the Hellenic Signary
The categorization of the Greek alphabet
Gothic alphabet Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ϛ Ζ Η Φ Ψ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν G ᚢΠ Ϙ R S, Τ Υ Ϝ Χ Θ
Ω Ͳ
ϰ ᛃ Σ F ᛟϠ
Transliteration a b g d e g z h þ i k l m n j u p Q r s t w f xƕ o
↓ ↓ ↓
Greek alphabet Α Β Γ Δ Ε Υ Ζ Η Θ Ι ΚΛ ΜΝ Ξ ΟΠ Q Ρ Σ Τ Υ X Ω
Old Latin A DE F H I K MN O S V
C F
Latin alphabet A B G DE V Z H (θ) I KL MN OP Q R S Τ u v w x y (z)
Number value 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Gothic alphabet 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Table 50 The categorization table for the Hellenic alphabet
Reordering the alphabet (24 letters) results in the following 2-dimensional map of the array:

6 X 1
5 Τ Ω Q Υ 4
4 Ν Ο Ξ Π 4
3 Λ Η Κ Μ Σ 5
2 Θ Ε Ι Υ Ρ 5
1 Δ Α Γ Β Ζ 5
# 5 5 6 5 3 24
Table 51 Displaying the Greek theonym ΘΕΙΥΡ (ThEIUR) in the Hellenic Signary
(Greek uppercase letters)
The categorization of the Caucasian alphabets
The display of the theonym T T IEWŽ in the Georgian alphabet

Originally consisting of 38 letters,[5] Georgian is presently written in a 33-letter alphabet, as five
letters (he, hie, vie, qari, hoe, which are highlighted by a gray background) are redundant:[24].
Old Georgian Asomtavruli alphabet

The Asomtavruli alphabet is very nearly phonemic, showing an excellent "fit" between
phonemes and graphemes. It is clearly modeled on the Greek alphabet, showing
basically the same alphabetic order, and with letters representing non-Greek phonemes
gathered at the end. Apart from letters for nearly all Georgian phonemes, the alphabet
also contains three letters representing Greek phonemes not found in Georgian (ē, ü and
ō).
Number code 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Greek Α Β Γ Δ Ε Ϝ Ζ Η Θ Ι Κ Λ Μ Ν (Ξ) Ο Π (Ϙ) Ρ
Asomtavruli Ⴀ Ⴁ Ⴂ Ⴃ Ⴄ Ⴅ Ⴆ Ⴡ Ⴇ Ⴈ Ⴉ Ⴊ Ⴋ Ⴌ Ⴢ Ⴍ Ⴎ Ⴏ Ⴐ
Transliteration a b g d e v z ē t i k’ l m n y o p’ zh r
Category A B G D E W S Ē TT I K L M N Y O P Ž R
Number code 2h 3h 4h 5h 6h 7h 8h 9h 1t 2t 3t 4t 5t 6t 7t 8t 9t 10t
Greek Σ Τ Υ Φ Χ (Ψ) – – – – – – – – – – – Ω
Asomtavruli Ⴑ Ⴒ Ⴣ Ⴔ Ⴕ Ⴖ Ⴗ Ⴘ Ⴙ Ⴚ Ⴛ Ⴜ Ⴝ Ⴞ Ⴤ Ⴟ Ⴠ Ⴥ
Transliteration s t’ ü p k gh q’ sh ch ts dz ts’ ch’ kh q j h ō
Category S T U PT KT Ḡ Q Š ČT CT J C Č X HH JJ H Ō
Table 52 Old Georgian Asomtavruli alphabet (Wikipedia-Source: Script, 37 symbols)
The Georgian alphabet

The complete list illustrates the double position for the number 400 which refers to W and U50:
Ⴀ Ⴁ Ⴂ Ⴃ Ⴄ Ⴅ Ⴆ Ⴡ Ⴇ Ⴈ Ⴉ Ⴊ Ⴋ Ⴌ Ⴢ Ⴍ Ⴎ Ⴏ Ⴐ Ⴑ Ⴒ
ani bani gani doni eni vini zeni he tani ini k'ani lasi mani nari hie oni p'ari zhani rae sani t'ari
A B G D E W S Ē TT I K L M N Y O P Ž R S T
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300
Ⴣ ႭჃ/ Ⴓ Ⴔ Ⴕ Ⴖ Ⴗ Ⴘ Ⴙ Ⴚ Ⴛ Ⴜ Ⴝ Ⴞ Ⴤ Ⴟ Ⴠ Ⴥ
vie uni pari kani ghani q'ari shini chini tsani dzili ts'ili ch'ari khani qari jani hae hoe
W U PT KT Ḡ Q Š ČT CT J C Č X HH JJ H Ō
400 400 500 600 700 800 900 1t 2t 3t 4t 5t 6t 7t 8t 9t 10t
Table 53 Georgian alphabet (38 symbols) and Georgian numerals (38 symbols)
50 Georgian scripts are unique in their appearance and their exact origin has never been established; however, in strictly
structural terms, their alphabetical order largely corresponds to the Greek alphabet, with the exception of letters
denoting uniquely Georgian sounds, which are grouped at the end.[3][4] (from: Georgian alphabet)
The derivation of the Georgian alphabet from the Ugaritic alphabet
The alphabet is based on an early Greek alphabet, which also contains the digamma “F” (“Υ”,
“W”):
Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27
transcription ʾa b g ḫ d h w z ḥ ṭ y k š l m ḏ n ẓ s ʿ p ṣ q r ṯ ġ t
Hebrew ‫ג ב א‬ ‫ו ה ד‬ ‫כ י ט ח ז‬ ‫מ ל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫ש ר ק צ פ ע ס‬ ‫ת‬
Early Greek A B Γ ΔΕ Υ ΖΗΘ Ι Κ ΛΜ Ν ΟΠ s q ΡΣ Τ
Classical Greek A B Γ ΔΕ ΖΗΘ Ι Κ ΛΜ Ν ΟΠ ΡΣ Τ
Georgian Ⴀ Ⴁ Ⴂ Ⴃ Ⴄ Ⴅ Ⴆ Ⴡ Ⴇ Ⴈ Ⴉ Ⴊ Ⴋ Ⴌ Ⴢ Ⴍ Ⴎ Ⴏ Ⴐ Ⴑ Ⴒ
transcription ABG DEWS (Ē) TT I K L M N (Y) O PŽ R S T
Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200 300
Table 54 Derivation of the Georgian alphabet from the Ugaritic alphabet
This 2-dimensional array lists the first 25 letters of the Georgian alphabet up to the letter Ḡ (700):
linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals sum
PT 1
5 4
T Ḡ O (W) / U
4 N KT (Y) P S 5
3 5
L K (Ē) M R
2 TT I E W Ž 5
1 5
D G A B S
5 5 5 6 4 25
Table 55 The theonym TT IEWŽ (ΘIEWŽ) in the 2-dimensional array of the Georgian alphabet
In this table the last 12 (specific Georgian) letters Q, Š ,ČT ,CT,J,C,Č ,X,HH,JJ ,H,Ō are skipped.
The categorization of the Armenian alphabet
The Armenian alphabet was developed around 405 AD by Mesrop Mashtots, an Armenian linguist
and ecclesiastical leader. The system originally had 36 letters; eventually, three more were adopted.
The alphabet was also in wide use in the Ottoman Empire around the 18th and 19th centuries51.
The alphabetic order of the symbols only follows the Greek alphabet up to the digamma F/V/W,
which inhibits the display of a suitable name (such as TJEWŽ instead of TJEMŽ) at the 2nd row of
the alphabetic array.
At the 3rd row the displayed theonym LIËVṘ also seems to be missing a standard theonym's
pattern. The architecture of the Armenian alphabet does not target to display one of the standard
PIE-theonyms (such as DIAUS, TEIWS or TIVAR).
Armenian աբ գ դ ե զ է ը թ ժ ի լ խ ծ կ հ ձ ղ ճ մ
transliteration A B G D JE/E Z E Ë T’ Ž I L X TS K H DZ Ṙ TŠ M
number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 200
Armenian յ ն շ ո չ պ ջ ռ ս վ տ ր ց ւ փ ք օ ֆ ու և
YEW/
transliteration J N Š VO/O TŠ’ P DŽ R S V T R’ TS’ W P’ K’ O F U
EW
number 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1t 2t 3t 4t 5t 6t 7t 8t 9t - - - -
Table 56 The Armenian alphabet
linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals Digraphs Sum

9 (U) 1
8 (F) 1
7 K’ P’ R’ (YEW/ 4
EW)
6 J W S TS’ 4
5 T K (O) V R DŽ 6
4 N X H P Š TŠ' 6
3 L I Ë VO/O Ṙ TŠ 6
2 T' JE/E E M Ž DZ 6
1 D G A B Z TS 6
5 7 5 9 7 7 40
Table 57 Highlighting the locations for theonyms (at LIËVṘ and TJEMŽ) in the 2-dimensional
array for the Armenian alphabet
In this table the special characters (Digraphs TS,DZ,TŠ,DŽ,TS, YEW/EW) seem to have been
inserted at lib in the alphabet.
51 Armenian alphabet
The categorization of the Caucasian Albanian alphabet
Mesrop Mashtots (362– 440 AD) was an early medieval Armenian linguist, composer, theologian,
statesman and hymnologist. He is best known for inventing the Armenian alphabet c. 405 AD[2].
He is also considered to be the creator of the Caucasian Albanian and Georgian alphabets by some
scholars.[3][4][5][6][7].
To compare these three alphabets (Georgian, Armenian and Caucasian Albanian) I decided to list
the third alphabetic array.
The Caucasian Albanian script was an alphabetic writing system used by the Caucasian Albanians,
one of the ancient Northeast Caucasian peoples whose territory comprised parts of present-day
Azerbaijan and Dagestan. It was used to write the Caucasian Albanian language and was one of
only two native scripts ever developed for speakers of an indigenous Caucasian language (i.e., a
language that has no genealogical relationship to other languages outside the Caucasus), the other
being the Georgian scripts.[1] The Armenian language, the third language of the Caucasus with its
own native script, is an independent branch of the Indo-European language family.
1..13 A1 B2 G3 D4 E5 Z6 e7 z8 T9 c10 Y11 z12 I13
14-26 g14 L15 n16 X17 d18 c19 ʒ20 k21 l22 H23 x24 a25 c26
27-39 c27 c28 M29 q30 N31 ʒ32 s33 ʒ34 O35 t36 F37 ʒ38 c39
40-52 p40 g41 R42 S43 V44 t45 s46 u47 c48 C49 W50 P51 K52
Table 58: Caucasian Albanian Alphabet (52 symbols)
The phonetic elements have been reduced to their core symbols to define the categories:
17 K52
16 C49
15 c48
14 g41
13 c39
12 q30
11 c28 s46
10 c27 S43
9 t45 c26 R42
8 t36 x24 P51 ʒ38
7 N31 k21 O35 W50 ʒ34
6 l22 c19 a25 u47 s33
5 d18 X17 H23t V44 ʒ32
4 n16 g14 Y11 p40 ʒ20
3
L15 I13 e7 F37 z12
2 T9 c10 E5 M29 z8
1 D4 G3 A1 B2 Z6
9 17 7 8 11
Table 59 Caucasian Albanian Alphabet (52 symbols)

Comparing the first 4 rows of the Caucasian alphabets
Most of the alphabetical theonyms are displayed in the 2th, 3 rd or 4th row of the alphabetical arrays.
The Georgian theonym clearly displays a suitable name: “ΘIEWŽ“.
linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals sum
4 N KT (Y) P S 5
3 L K (Ē) M R 5
2 TT I E W Ž 5
1 D G A B S 5
5 5 5 6 4 25
Table 60 A theonym TT IEWŽ (ΘIEWŽ) in the 2-dimensional array of the Georgian alphabet
In the following array for the Armenian alphabet the special character seem to have been inserted at
lib in the alphabet. The alphabetic order of the symbols does not follow the Greek alphabet up to the
digamma F/V/W, which inhibits the display of a suitable name (such as TJEWŽ instead of
TJEMŽ) at the 2nd row of the alphabetic array. Another possible theonym may be found at the
pattern LIËVṘ the 3rd row.
linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals Digraphs Sum
4 N X H P Š TŠ' 6
3 L I Ë VO/O Ṙ TŠ 6
2 T' JE/E E M Ž DZ 6
1 D G A B Z TS 6
5 7 5 9 7 7 40
Table 61 Highlighting the 2 possible locations for the theonyms in the Armenian alphabet
In the Caucasian Albanian Alphabet a letter c10 and the missing digamma F/V/W disturb the
required pattern (TIEVZ at the 2nd row) for the virtual theonym at the locations: T9 – c10 – E5 – M29
– z8. Another possible theonym may be found at the pattern L15I13e7F37z12 the 3rd row.

4 n16 g14 Y11 p40 ʒ20
3
L15 I13 e7 F37 z12
2
T9 c10 E5 M29 z8
1 D4 G3 A1 B2 Z6
9 17 7 8 11
Table 62 Highlighting the 2 possible locations for the theonyms in the Caucasian Albanian array
The categorization of the Coptic Alphabet
The definition of the categorization is synchronized with the standard Latin letters: as
linguals: D, Þ L, N, T, palatals: C, G, I, J, K, Q, X , the gutturals: A, Ε, H, O, Y, labials: B, ϝ52
- V, M, P, U, W and the dentals: Z, S, R.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Ⲁ, ⲁ Ⲃ, ⲃ Ⲅ, ⲅ Ⲇ, ⲇ Ⲉ, ⲉ Ⲋ, ⲋ Ⲍ, ⲍ Ⲏ, ⲏ Ⲑ, ⲑ Ⲓ, ⲓ Ⲕ, ⲕ Ⲗ, ⲗ Ⲙ, ⲙ Ⲛ, ⲛ Ⲝ, ⲝ Ⲟ, ⲟ Ⲡ, ⲡ
alpʰa bēta gamma dalda ei sou zēta ēta tʰēta iōta kappa laula mē nē kˢi ou pi
a b g d e ─ z ē tʰ i k l m n kˢ o p
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
63 Coptic alphabet (letters Ⲁ – Ⲡ) (source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptische_Schrift)

Only 21 letters may be categorized to the linguals, palatals, gutturals, labials, dentals. The other
letters are special characters, ligatures or mixtures, which are excluded from the original
architecture.
18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33
Ⲣ, ⲣ Ⲥ, ⲥ Ⲧ, ⲧ Ⲩ, ⲩ Ⲫ, ⲫ Ⲭ, ⲭ Ⲯ, ⲯ Ⲱ, ⲱ Ϣ, ϣ Ϥ, ϥ Ϧ, ϧ Ϩ, ϩ Ϫ, ϫ Ϭ, ϭ Ϯ, ϯ Ⳁ, ⳁ
rō sēmma tau he pʰi kʰi pˢi ō šai fai ḫai hori ḏanḏia čima ti pˢis ənše
r s t u pʰ Kʰ, pˢ ō š F ḫ h č, ḏ, /ttʃ/ č, kʲ ti -
/r/ /s/ /t/ /w/ /pʰ/ /kʰ/ /ps/ /oː/ /ʃ/ /f/ [x] /h/ /kʲ/ /ti/ -
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 - 90 - - - - - 900
64 Coptic alphabet (letters Ⲣ – Ⳁ), (source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptische_Schrift)

Linguals Gutturals Palatals Labials Dentals #
Ϥ, ϥ 1
7 Ϯ, ϯ Ϭ, ϭ Ⲯ, ⲯ 3
6 Ϫ, ϫ Ϩ, ϩ Ϧ, ϧ Ⲫ, ⲫ 4
5 Ⲧ, ⲧ Ⲱ, ⲱ Ⲭ, ⲭ (Ⲩ, ⲩ) 4
4 Ⲛ, ⲛ Ⲟ, ⲟ Ⲝ, ⲝ Ⲡ, ⲡ Ϣ, ϣ 5
3 Ⲗ, ⲗ Ⲏ, ⲏ Ⲕ, ⲕ Ⲙ, ⲙ Ⲥ, ⲥ 5
2 Ⲑ, ⲑ Ⲉ, ⲉ Ⲓ, ⲓ Ⲋ, ⲋ (Ⲩ, ⲩ) Ⲣ, ⲣ 5
1 Ⲇ, ⲇ Ⲁ, ⲁ Ⲅ, ⲅ Ⲃ, ⲃ Ⲍ, ⲍ 5
# 7 6 7 8 4 32
Table 65 Displaying the theonym ⲐⲈⲒⲊⲢ → ⲐⲈⲒⲨⲢ (ThEIWR) in the Greek substrate
of the Coptic alphabet (source: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koptische_Schrift)
52 Digamma (ϝ) - an archaic letter of the Greek alphabet , may be exchanged by /W/, /F/, /U/, /V/
The categorization of the Old English Latin Alphabet
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Ƿ/
A Æ B C D Ð E F Ᵹ/G H I L M N O P R S T Þ U X Y
W
Ƿ/
A Æ B C D Ð E F Ᵹ/G H I L M N O P R S T Þ U X Y
W
Table 66 Old English Latin alphabet (24 letters) in upper case letters

6 Þ Y Ƿ/W 3
5 T O U 3
4 N H X P 4
3 L E I M 4
2 Ð Æ Ᵹ/G F S 5
1 D A C B R 5
# 6 6 4 6 2 24
Table 67 Displaying the Old English theonym ÐÆGFS
The categorization of the Fuydork-alphabet
Fig. 7 {runes} F U Y D O R K G H N I A E S T B P L M V E,L M,W,

Source: Edward Larsson's notes
ᚠ ᚢ ᚤÞ ᛓ ᚱ ᚴ ᚵ ᚼ ᚾᛁᚷ ᛂ ᛋᛏ ᛒᛔᛚ ᛘ ᛦ ᛮ ᛯ
F U Y Þ O R K G H N I A E S T B P L M V E,L M,W
Table 68 The categorized FUYDORK-alphabet in Edward Larsson's notes
linguals palatals labials gutturals dentals

6 V
5 M E
4 L P A
3 T I B H
2 N G U O S
1 Þ K F Y R
Table 69 The 2-dimensional array for the FUYDORK-alphabet in Edward Larsson's notes .
The categorization of the Cyrillic alphabet
А1 а Бб В2 в Г3 г Д4 д Е5 е Ёё Жж З7 з И8 и Й10 й
К20 к Л30 л М40 м Н50 н О70 о П80 п Р100 р С200 с Т300 т У400 у Ф500 ф
Х600 х Ц900 ц Ч ч Шш Щщ Ъъ Ыы Ьь Ээ Юю Яя
Table 70: The categorization of the Russian alphabet (33 letters)

6 Ээ Ц900 ц Ф500 ф 3
5 Ыы Х600 х У400 у 4
4 Т300 т О70 о К20 к П80 п С200 с 5
3 Н50 н Ёё Й10 й М40 м Р100 р 5
2 Л30 л Е5 е (e) И8 и (i) В2 в (v) З7 з (z) 5
1 Д4 д А1 а Г3 г Б б (b) Жж 5
# 4 6 6 6 4 26
Table 71 Displaying the Russian theonym ЛЁИВЗ (LEIUZ) in the Cyrillic alphabet
In the case of the conservation of the Θ9 -letter the theonym changes from ЛЁИВЗ (LEIUZ) to
(Θ)ЁИВЗ (ThEIUZ):

6 Ээ Ц900 ц Ф500 ф 3
5 Т300 т Ыы Х600 х У400 у 4
4 Н50 н О70 о К20 к П80 п С200 с 5
3 Л30 л Ёё Й10 й М40 м Р100 р 5
2 (Θ9) (th) Е5 е (e) И8 и (i) В2 в (v) З7 з (z) 5
1 Д4 д А1 а Г3 г Б б (b) Жж 5
# 5 6 6 6 4 27
Table 72 Displaying the Russian theonym (Θ)ЁИВЗ (ThEIUZ) in the Cyrillic alphabet
The categorization of the ogham signaries
Aicme Beithe Aicme hÚatha Aicme Muine Aicme Ailme

Goidelic order B L N F/V S H D T C Q M G NG SS R A O U Ε I
Pictish order B L V S N H D T K KH M G NG ST R A O U Ε I
Medieval order B L F S V H D T K Q M G NG DD R A O U Ε I
Standard order B L F S N H D T C Q M G NG Z R A O U Ε I
Table 73 3 chronological orders (from Proto-Ogham (2008) and the “standard order”.
Ogham letters (from Wikipedia)
Aicme Beithe Aicme Muine

ᚁ [b] Beith ᚋ [m] Muin
ᚂ [l] Luis ᚌ [ɡ] Gort
ᚃ [w] Fearn ᚍ [ɡʷ] nGéadal
ᚄ [s] Sail ᚎ [st], [ts], [sw] Straif
ᚅ [n] Nion ᚏ [r] Ruis
Aicme hÚatha Aicme Ailme
ᚆ [j] Uath ᚐ [a] Ailm
ᚇ [d] Dair ᚑ [o] Onn
ᚈ [t] Tinne ᚒ [u] Úr
ᚉ [k] Coll ᚓ [e] Eadhadh
ᚊ [kʷ] Ceirt ᚔ [i] Iodhadh
Forfeda (rare, sounds uncertain)
ᚕ [k], [x], [eo] Éabhadh
ᚖ [oi] Ór
ᚗ [ui] Uilleann
ᚘ [p], [io] Ifín ᚚ [p] Peith
ᚙ [x], [ai] Eamhancholl V t e
Table 74 Ogham letters (from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham)
Displaying the theonym TIΕU in the Goidelic order

1- the chronological Goidelic order; B, L, N, F/V, S, H, D, T, C, Q, M, G, NG, SS , R, A, O, U, Ε, I,
forfeda; CH, TH, P, Ph, X-SK, and/or EA, OI, UI, IA, AE.
5 NG
4 T I Ε U
3 D G O M R
2 N Q A F/V SS
1 L C H B S
Table 75 Displaying the theonym TIΕU in the Ogham signary (for the Goidelic order)
Displaying the theonym TIΕU in the Pictish order
2- Pictish order; B, L, V, S, N, H, D, T, K, KH, M, G, NG, ST, R, A, O, U, Ε, I,
Forfeda; P, and D, RR, and/or OI, UI, IA, OE, and O-HO, MA. 36

5 NG
4 T I Ε U
3 D G O M R
2 N KH A V ST
1 L K H B S
Table 76 Displaying the theonym TIΕU in the Ogham signary (for the Pictish order)
Displaying the theonym NGIΕM in the Medieval order

3- Medieval order; B, L, F, S, V, H, D, T, K, Q, M, G, NG, DD, R, A, O, U, Ε, I,
forfeda; EA, OI, UI, IA, AE.
5 DD U
4 NG I Ε M
3 T G O V
2 D Q A F R
1 L K H B S
Table 77 Displaying the theonym NGIΕM in the Ogham signary (for the Medieval order)
Displaying the theonym TIΕU in the standard order

4- the standard order; B, L, F, S, N, H, D, T, C, Q, M, G, NG, Z, R, A, O, U, Ε, I,
forfeda; EA, OI, UI, IA, AE. P,...53

5 NG
4 T I Ε U
3 D G O M R
2 N Q A F Z
1 L C H B S
Table 78 Displaying the theonym TIΕU in the Ogham signary (for the standard order)
53 online source : www.ancientscripts.com/ogham.html

The categorization of the Ugaritic alphabet (1) - Northern Semitic order
The categorizing depends on the categorization of the letters Z8 / Z8 and Th10 (Θ,Þ) / Th10 (Θ,Þ).
Section A-section (h)E-section Y-section O-section IU-section

Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
transcription ʾa b g ḫ d h w z ḥ ṭ y k š l m ḏ n ẓ s ʿ p ṣ q r ṯ ġ t ʾi ʾu s2
Hebrew ‫גב א‬ ‫ט חז ו ה ד‬ ‫כ י‬ ‫מ ל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫ש ר ק צ פ ע ס‬ ‫ת‬

7 t→ ʾi → ʾu → s2 → 4
T27 Ƕ28 (I) Ω29 (U) S30

6 ṯ→ r→ 2
Θ 25 R24
5 n→ ʿ→ ġ→ ṣ→ 4
N17 O20 Gh26 Ṣ22

4 ḏ→ ḥ→ q→ p→ s→ 5
Z16 H9 Q23 P,Φ21 S19

3 l→ h(e) → k → m → ẓ → 5
L14 E6 K12 M15 Ẓ18

2 ṭ→ ḫ→ y→ w→ š→ 5
Th10 (Θ,Þ) Kh4 Y11 W7 Ś13

1 d→ ʾa → g→ b→ z→ 5
D5 A1 G3 B2 Z8
# 7 5 6 5 7 30
Table 80 Highlighting a sky-god's theonym ṬḪYWŠ in the Ugaritic Signary
(North Semitic alphabet in a Latin transliteration)
The categorization of the Ugaritic alphabet (2) -"Northern Semitic order"
The categorizing depends on the categorization of the letters Z8 / Z8 and Th10 (Θ,Þ) / Th10 (Θ,Þ).
Section A-section (h)E-section Y-section O-section IU-section

Index 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
transcription ʾa b g ḫ d h w z ḥ ṭ y k š l m ḏ n ẓ s ʿ p ṣ q r ṯ ġ t ʾi ʾu s2
Hebrew ‫גב א‬ ‫ט חז ו ה ד‬ ‫כ י‬ ‫מ ל‬ ‫נ‬ ‫ש ר ק צ פ ע ס‬ ‫ת‬

7 t→ ʾi → ʾu → s2 → 4
T27 Ƕ28 (I) Ω29 (U) S30

6 ẓ→ ṯ→ 2
Ẓ18 Θ 25
5 n→ ʿ→ ġ→ r→ 4
N17 O20 Gh26 R24

4 ḏ→ ḥ→ q→ p→ ṣ→ 5
Z16 H9 Q23 P,Φ21 Ṣ22

3 l → h(e) → k→ m→ s→ 5
L14 E6 K12 M15 S19

2 z→ ḫ→ y→ w→ š→ 5
Z8 Kh4 Y11 W7 Ś13

1 d → ʾa → g→ b→ ṭ→ 5
D5 A1 G3 B2 Th10 (Θ,Þ)
# 7 5 6 5 7 30
Table 82 Highlighting the sky-god's theonym ZḪYWŚ in the Ugaritic Signary
(North Semitic alphabet in a Latin transliteration)

The Pentagrams&#39; Grammar and Vocabulary

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The Pentagrams&#39; Grammar and Vocabulary

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The Pentagrams' Grammar and

Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

Table 2 Pentagrams for “Mother”

Table 3 Pentagrams for “Father”

Fig. 1: The runic word FAϸIR in the Runen-Sprach-Schatz

The word fathir ( FAϸIR ) seemed to concentrate of the “food”.

The father-gods as sky-gods

Table 4 The father-gods as sky-gods

The father-gods as chthonic gods

Table 5 The father-gods as chthonic gods

Table 6 The mother-goddess

Provencal 2 DIÉU IÉU 26 (?)

Geʽez abjad 3 NYḪWS YḪW 26

linguals palatals gutturals labials dentals

French and Provencal dialects

Swiss (Alpine) dialects - Romansh language

Table 10 Swiss (Alpine) dialects - Romansh language

Table 11 Iberian languages

# „Seven against translation of Deity / Virtue Pentagram Pentagram Virtue

Table 12 The cardinal virtues Metis, Themis, Thymos, Mythos

Greek Core Pentagrams Germanic Description Personification in the old

Mythos Μῦθ ΜΥΗΘ(ΟΣ) MYTh(OS) Religious myths Belief, piety

Table 13 The cardinal virtues ( Metis, Themis, Thymos, Mythos)

15 How four Virtues anchored our Languages

4 METIS Virtue Greek Wisdom Metis M E T I S Wednesday

5 *DII ĒUS Deity Greek Sky-Father Zeus D II Ē U S Thursday

18 A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

Location River Pentagram 1 2 3 4 5

northeast Tigris MEZIN M E Z I N

Fig. 2: Map of the Paradise with the 4 additional names

21 A Confirmation of the Rivers of Paradise

18 Dives Dives DIVES 105 Frankrijk

19 Rio Tinto Luxia1 LUXIA 100 Spain

Table 19 The important rivers as pentagrams

22 Over de speurtocht naar de pentagrammenreeksen

Water spring Latin/Greek Region Pentagram river 1 2 3 4 5

Table 21 Overview of the (19) pentagram names for cities

Table 23 Overview of the (10) pentagrams for animals

Table 24 Overview of the (7) pentagrams for body parts

29 brain | Etymology, origin and meaning of brain by etymonline

Table 25 Overview of the pentagram names without etymologies (# 1)

Table 26 Overview of the pentagram names without etymologies (# 2)

# Cunei- Category Triad Cat. Category

32 The Pentagrams in the Old- And Middle-Persian Languages

Fig. 3 Darius I (created by Diego Delso, licensed: CC BY-SA 4.0 )

Old Persian meaning

# Cuneiform Triad Triad # Transliteration Category

34 Hormizd I (272–273), Sasanian king

The pentagrams for the trees

38 The Tree as a Hierarchical “Pentagram Model of the World

# Pentagram P Information Definitio Languag

Table 32: The pentagrams for the trees

41 beam (n.) in https://www.etymonline.com/word/tree

# Pentagram P Information Definition Language

Appendix 1 – (280) Publications by J. Richter in Scribd

January – December 2022 (23)

January – December 2021 (86)

Januari – December 2020 (44)

Januari – December 2019 (56)

Januari – December 2018 (81)

The Pentagrams' Grammar and Vocabulary

The Pentagrams' Grammar and Vocabulary