Different Types of Coconuts (International)

 Malayan Yellow Dwarf - Their fruit is usually oblong and medium sized, weighing between 700
and 800 g. Thailand, Brazil, and Fiji are just a few of the nations where it can be found.
 Fiji Dwarf - It appears to be a lot more luxuriant. When compared to other coconut trees, the
leaflets are significantly narrower and shorter. This tree is a sturdy specimen that can tolerate poor
wind, poor soil, and considerable rain. Over the last few decades, this type of coconut has become
extremely popular in Florida.
 Golden Malay - The Golden Malay is known to be imported from Indonesia and is mostly grown
in portions of Bulgaria. They yield beautiful fruits with a bronze hue to them. These fruits turn red when
they are fully ripe.
 King Coconut - The King Coconut is a native of Sri Lanka, however it may be found in many
places of India. The King Coconut tree is believed to reach a height of 20 meters on average and produce
a clump of more than 20 nuts. With a lengthy and yet oval form, the nuts resemble a football. The fruits
are 20 to 30 cm long and have a brilliant orangish color to their skin.

The term "dwarf" refers to the fact that despite its low stature, this tree produces a huge number of
fruits. This is also one of the numerous reasons why people don't need to climb a ladder to get to the
fruit of the tree.

Processing Coconut Shell

 Before using, clean the shell and allow it to dry completely. Depending on the end usage and
placement, the flesh and/or fluid left inside the shell may decay and foster mold growth.
 It's possible that a split shell won't work for the reason you're looking for. Before using a split
shell, make sure you know how strong it needs to be.
 When manipulating the shell with hammers and sharp instruments, exercise caution.
 Coconut shells are a natural product that will degrade over time, especially if exposed to
extreme weather conditions.

Uses of Coconut shells

 Coconut shell activated carbon

It is one of nature's most magnificent gifts, as well as the most beneficial kind of
activated carbon. It's entirely safe because it's all natural. It can be used for a wide range of
things, from making medications to making BBQ grills. Soaps and toothpastes are made from it,
and it's a common ingredient. It is utilized as a food supplement in both animals and humans to
enhance good health and immunity because of its large adsorbing qualities. Because it is all-
natural, it is used to cook food on the grill. It comes on faster, and the temperature may be
simply changed to meet your needs. It is also more efficient and energy-efficient because it
burns hotter than a typical briquette. After burning, it creates relatively little ash and does not
 pollute the environment. Many sectors, such as the production of air and water purifiers, the
elimination of odors, and even the construction of golf courses, have chosen it because of its
environmental benefits.
Burn dried coconut shell for 3-5 hours at 300-500 degrees Celsius in a burning sink or
drum. To make activated charcoal, soak it for 12-18 hours in a chemical solution (25 percent
CaCl2 or ZnCl2). Use distilled or clean water to clean the charcoal. To be drained, spread on a
tray at room temperature.

 Coconut shell charcoal

As a residential and industrial fuel, coconut shell charcoal is widely utilized. Activated carbon is
exclusively made up of only one main element. This activated carbon is far superior to other
types of activated carbon, such as wood-based activated carbon. It is also extensively used in
laundries since it is more readily available than other types of coal. This charcoal is also
preferred by blacksmiths and goldsmiths because of its many advantages. It's made by
carbonizing the coconut shells with a small amount of air. Copra is dried using the heat
generated by this process. The drum method, which is utilized in a number of small-scale
companies, makes it simple to obtain shell charcoal.

Coconut shell charcoal can be used in a variety of ways. It is used to treat gastrointestinal issues
as well as acute poisoning in individuals. It's also utilized as a catalyst, as well as for water
purification, deodorization, and air and water purification, as well as the elimination of organic
compounds and solvent recovery.

Furnitures made out of Coconut Shell

Local

 Container 
 Plant Holder
 Basket
 Bowl
 Lampshades


International

 Coconut tile (China)

 Coconut Shell Brass Broidered Craft (India)

Lightweight Concrete using Coconut Shell as Coarse Aggregate (Nigeria)

International Journal of Current Research in 2017

Afolayan, J. O. Ejeh, S. P Amartey, Y. D. Idris, A.

Materials:

 Cement
 Fine Aggregate
 Coconut Shell Aggregate
 Water

In concrete, coconut shells can be utilized as aggregates. In this research, the workability, bulk density,
compressive strength, flexural tensile, water absorption, and thermal performance of coconut shell
concrete were studied.

Cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates, and water are mixed in the appropriate proportions to
make concrete. The usage of waste materials, whether from agriculture or industry, has increased as a
result of advances in concrete technology. The use of agricultural wastes as concrete aggregate, such as
coconut shell, may help to reduce the ozone layer's depletion. Large quantities of coarse aggregates are
commonly employed in the manufacture of concrete in civil engineering practice and construction
undertakings.

The purpose of this study was to see if coconut shell could be used as an aggregate in light-weight
concrete. To find the best and most cost-effective mix ratios that will provide compressive strengths that
are acceptable, concrete samples were made using various mix ratios. Coconut shell was used as a
coarse aggregate, fine river sand was used as a fine aggregate, and Portland cement was used as a
binder in the concrete samples. The qualities of coconut shell aggregate concrete have been studied
through experimental analysis of the properties of coconut shell aggregate concrete. Coconut shell has a
lot of potential as a coarse aggregate in lightweight concrete, according to the results of the
experiments. Because of the many procedures used, such as the fineness test, fine aggregate testing,
and so on. As the age and curing progressed, the aggregate nominal size produced the highest
compressive strength development.

Currently, the focus of study is on finding, developing, and implementing local alternative construction
materials, including the possibility of employing agricultural wastes as building materials.

Concrete Hollow Blocks using Coconut Shell as Aggregates (PH)

 The Scientific World Journal in 2017

Ganiron, Tomas Ganiron, Tommy Ganiron, Nieves

Due to the current economic and environmental crises, this research focuses on developing a product
made from agricultural waste as well as an alternative construction material that will help to alleviate
social and environmental problems. As a result, the use of coconut shells and fiber as a substitute for
aggregates in concrete hollow blocks became more widely recognized. The study's main focus is on the
environment, as well as construction and building technologies to improve the natural environment and
building materials. As well, the goal is to create a technical definition for concrete hollow blocks made
using coconut shell and fiber as aggregates, which will help save the environment while also
encouraging the government to find solutions for waste disposal in landfills preserving the environment,
educating contractors and developers on how to use recycled coconut shells and fibers to improve
construction processes and services, and maintaining product performance and recycling goals. A
concrete hollow block with the same proportions of coconut shells and fibers was compared to a
concrete hollow block with the same proportions of coconut shells and fibers. The results of the tests
were examined in the laboratory, where exact and thorough information was acquired.

Mixtures, combining, molding, testing, and curing are all part of the design process. The following
conclusions were formed after reviewing the outcomes of the above-mentioned findings. In comparison
to commercial CHB, the compressive strength of CHB with coconut shell and fiber achieved the highest
average loads and stresses. The load got a large value of the thermal conductivity of CHB with coconut
shell and fiber for cold and warm temperature resist freezing and heating. Shape and texture of the
particles, as well as their resistance to crushing, absorption, and surface moisture, grading, freezing, and
heating resistance, and lightness, are all good indicators of CHB with coconut shell and fibers.

Advantages

 Concrete that is cost-effective to make is made by lowering the cost of the materials used.
 Environmentally friendly – aids in the reduction of waste and resources
 Useful in Construction – can be used as a partition wall and low-cost dwelling.
 Tensile strength resists tension, whereas compressive strength resists compression.
 More resistant to crushing, impact, and abrasion when used in concrete