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    HOUSING SEMINAR GRP 9

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    Housing Seminar GRP 9

    Uploaded by

    akshaya

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    GROUP - 9 . ee Fie | Zs TRAD || HOUSING BESEN TIONAL anna ‘TRADITONAL HOUSING OF INDIA ol ——— India has a long history of varied cultures, traditions, languages, rulers and religions. ‘This has resulted in a multitude of archive ctural ideas, influences and styles (most of them centuries old) that have evolved from different parts of the country. They were designed to suit the climate, the anthropom etry, the Vaastu Shashtra and used local ‘building materials and techniques for construction. Courtyards for interior spaces Indian houses in different parts of the country have adopted courtyards as a ‘way to respond to the climate of the region Pitched roofs with verandahs Pitched (slanted) roofs covered with Mangalore tiles of red baked clay are a common sight in Indian towns and villages. such roofs are not only suitable for heavy rains but provide a good height to the interior spaces as an added advantage, Pictorial motif references In India, we often tweak historical references to bring them into our contemporary homes and complement their largely modern ambience Richly carved wooden furniture ‘Wooden furniture, painstakingly and profusely carved with exquisite artistry, shouts vernac’ Indian style. Intricate carvings in wood and marble ‘were symbolic of prosperity in the olden days. H Intricate jaali patterns context Sot in a landscaped area with a thatched roof gazebo Jaalis are intricately carved cut-out patterns ‘walls or windows. They have been used in Indian architecture sinee bygone times. AGRAHARAM ‘An Agraharam or Agrahara is the name given to the Brahmin quarter of a heterogenous village or to any village inhabited by Brahmins. Agraharams were also known as Chaturvedimangalams The name originates from the fact that the agraharams have lines of houses on cither side of the road and the temple to the village god at the centre, thus resembling a garland around the temple Agraharams: The name literally means “a garland of houses”. It originates from the fact that the agraharams have lines of houses on cither side of the road and the temple to the village god at thethe centre, thus resembling a garland around the centre temple ‘TEMPLE According to the traditional hindu practice of architecture and town-planning, an agraharam is held to be two rows of houses running north - south on either side of a road at one end chich would be a temple to shiva and at cither end temle to vishnu The linear settlement pattern culminated at a temple or was arranged around the temple in various concentric rings, as seen in the great south Indian temple towns Origin and Evolution The Brahmin settlers of south India had migrated to various parts of the subcontinent and made their settlements around temples ‘The Brahmins in Kerala can be broadly classified into two groups-the Namboothiri Brahmins and the Tamil and Tulu Brahmins, The Namboothiri Brahmins claim themselves to be the true Malayala Brahmins of Kerala and the Tamil and Tulu Brahmins who had migrated to various parts of Kerala at different time periods were termed as Paradesi Brahmins by the indigenous communities ‘The planning of the agraharams followed a grid iron or concentric ring patterns, with the temple forming the main focus, ‘The house has a verandah at the entrance for social activities and a platform, slightly raised from the street, which runs the entire length of the row houses. It also acts as a transition from the street to the dwelling A passage which starts at the street face, runs through the house ending at the backyard As a community which handled the Vedasand religious texts, the Brahmins wielded power and influence in the social hierarchy. As the priestly class they received royal patronage and respect from the rulers and all the other communities. Wherever they went, the Brahmins made their settlements around temples, everyday around which revolved. their life The streets are narow and formed as intergal extension of the living space The row houses sharing a common wall had a Long verandah running along the front portion, supported by stone and wooden pillars CuLTURE ‘The matriarchal system of family led to the joint family system, where we had the members of a family living under the same roof. ‘The head of the family was the male head, the karanavar And the senior most females of the family. This joint family system brought in a system of group living and sense of sharing amongst the local communities. However, in the case of the agraharams the qualities of living together and sharing each other's space got reflected in their planning of the settlements and it zoomed down into the architecture of their houses. ‘The agraharam settlements, the linear division of the plots and the houses hich covered almost the whole of the plot area did not allow its settlers to have the luxury of a separate pond for each house. The sense of sharing the spaces is then best exhibited in the design of the puramthinna; the long connected verandah’s running in front of all the agraharams. ‘The puramthinna was an interstitial space which connected the street and the interiors of the house and this was also the place where religious as well as philosophical debates were held. The culture of living together and sharing has also played an important SETTLEMENT PATTERN - The evolution of this particular architectural typology may also speak about the so position of the Brahmin community. ~ Even though these migrant Brahmins weilded power in the caste ridden society , they were always a minority when compared to the local indigeneous population. - Moreover , when they moved into a new place and made their settlements , there was always a tendency amongst the members of the communities to settle together to ensure safety. Another reason behind this was that in most cases the early migrants to a particular place may be the members of a same family , and thus when they settle down in an aluen land they automatically evolved into a close knit community whose principles were based on strict religious norms. - The settlements were often made and donated to these families by the rulers. The settlement pattern followed by the traditional Brahmin settlers were guided by certain parameters like the: ~ The agraharams built around the temples were either arranged along the three sides of the main temple (i.e.,Agraharams inside the fort, Thiruvananthapuram) : otherwise , the most commonly seen pattern is the concentric circles around the temple ( eg : agraharams of srirangam) - The agraharams were often built on land donated by the royals and often the land was divided amongst the migrant Brahmins based on the social hierarchy existing within their caste group. - The highly regarded families , the priests and the scholars acquired the position near the temple and the palace complex : the others occupied the outerfringes PLANNING ‘The agrahara were usually followed a linear planning , quite in contrast to the arrangement of rooms around the courtyard as in the traditional Kerala houses, sr Layout of the Nalukettu and Layout of the Agrahara and Courtyard Courtyard 4 i | - The planning and architecture of these two housing patterns have evolved over time king inte consideration various parameter ke the local climate . conditions, availability of local building materials and the skill employed in the a7 construction. courts: EX ~The courtyard houses of agrahara show a direct response to the climate conditions of the plaace.In LAN the hot humid climatic conditions of this region , the courtyard ensures easy ventilation, = The opening in the roof provides light to the windowless rooms ‘The well ventilated space PLANNING ‘Traditionally the sloping roof of the houses lets in a little sunlight to interiors of the traditional Kerala houses , this is compensated by the presence of the large courtyard. ~The agraharams also incorporates a courtyard in its design however , here its position is not in the deva sthana, - The sacred tulsi planted and worshipped in the center of the courtyard. - The court has provisions of taps for ablution and also outlets for water drainage which takes the rainwater outside. - As in the traditional Kerala houses , there is a well attached to the kitchen and water can be drawn through the opening on the wall. ~ Another courtyard , larger in size is seen next to the kitchen and toilets which is functions as a washing and bathing space. ot has glass . tiles to let | the light in. - The spatial planning of the agraharams follows a linear pattern with rooms arranged one after the other. - The spaces inside have special purposes , and among them privacy of the ocuupants is of the least concern. PLANNING ~The passage starts at the street face , runs through the house ending at the backyard . - There are some open spaces too , in the form of sunken courtyards or backyards which are highly functional. ‘The various components of the agraharam are the following : - PURAMTHINA: - The long corridor / verandah running infront of the agraharams . This space also acted as a community gathering place where the men assembled for religious discourse. AKAMTHINA: - The small room next to puramthina , this room incorporates the konippadi ( stairway) leading to the upper storey. REZHI: ~ This is the central room in an agraharam which acts as the living / bedroom , the important religious ceremonies and rituals associated with the Brahmin community are also performed in this place. PLANNING E ‘THALAM: = Itis the space around the courtyard, the homakundam or the place for the sacrificial fire is located here. 1 4 A L A MITTAM: - The courtyard is a part of the rezhi itself and often there is no separation between these two spaces. ADUKKALA: - Adukkala is the another name of the kitchen. KUCHIL: - These are the rooms located at the extreme end, where the ladies during their menstrutation are housed. MACHIL: ' - Machil is the attic room . The stairway from the akamthinna leads to the machil. This room is assigned for the use of newly wedded couples. KITCHEN KOTTIL: - The independent structure located at the extreme end , it is often used. as a cowshed or as storage space. In the oled days the agraharams did not have toilets associated with the house and the system of scavengers lanes thus came into existence. PLANNING strairw: Room SECTION SHOWING THE SPATIAL PLANNING OF THE AGRAHARAM DRalNAGE ‘They had special paths known as scavengers lane made behind every stretch of streets. The wastes were collected outside the fort (southwest corner) and later taken to far off places to be disposed The drains running through the front were cleaned daily. The roads were also cleaned and sprinkled with water daily. There were common wells, two wells for each street that provided them with water, every morning the women folk crowded around the well for collecting water for their daily SECTION OF AGRAHARAM a a As in the traditional Kerala houses, there is a well attached to the kitchen and water can be drawn through the opening on the wall. Another courtyard, larger in size is seen next to the kitchen and toilets which is functions as a washing and bathing space. CHETTINAD HOUSE E +The Chettinad houses were originally single-storeyed buildings made of sun dried brick of mud and bamboo and thatch. “They evolved to become tile-roofed with a small two- storeyed tower at both ends of the front elevation. “They later expanded vertically into two-storeyed. structures and horizontally through the addition of numerous halls and courtyards that could accommodate guests at marriages and other ceremonies it was not unusual for three generations to live together in one house. *The Chettinad houses accommodate up to four *Chettinad homes characterized by their use of teak often flaunt beautiful pillars on the verandah as well as two towers on either side of the front verandah that, contain rooms used exclusively to conduct business. *The intricately carved front door leads to the thinnai/verandah called Muggapu where photos of the older generation of the family lie. *The courtyard inside is also surrounded by pillars and leads to the various different rooms. *Another courtyard at the rear of the house acts the meeting place for the women of the house who cook and socialize in its wake. PLANNING CONCEPT E *The concept of chettinadu house is believed to have arrived from kaveripoompatinam. +The planning concept was essentially based on occupation of the people and their desires . «Since they were traders they need spaces for keeping their valuables called inside room and outside room which served the purpose. *The dictated introverted planning was adopted to avoid multiple access. MUGAPPU: ‘Thinnai, Pattalai and main door. VALAVU: Spaces to be used by the joint family members, NADU VAASAL: This area comprises of rooms abutted by long colonnades and a courtyard, IRANDAN KATTU: Space reserved for women and children, Mucarry vata TRANDANKATTU —-MOONRAN KATTU Logon | Thin 2. Pata 3, Valo, 4, Nadu Van, ,Clonmde, 6 Rooms, 7.Door& Windows £.Bhojn Sola, 9 rand Kats, 10, Moran Kata MOONRAN KATTU: Cooking area and spaces where servants worked. CHETTINAD HOUSE - PLANNING +The Chettinad houses are built on a rectangular traversal plot that stretches across two streets, with the front door opening into the first street and the back into the second. *Looking in from the main threshold, your eye travels in a straight line across a series of inner courtyards, each a diminishing rectangle of light, leading out to the back door. VERANDAH FIRSTCOURTYARD CONJUGAL ROOM COLUMNS SECOND COURTYARD = iS $ [S¥se [siifece| ‘4 = shes 10 33% eS o2 en's ° 5 2 8 = ie rla| 2eeege {2.2 |e 7 1" ge 4 Sasi soaae t f— 1 1 THINNAL POOJA ROOM AND ‘CORRIDOR KITCHEN VERANDA STORAGE OF DOWRY ROOM THINNAI: + First comes an outer thinai Large raised platforms on either side of the central corridor. + The platforms lead off on one side into store rooms: and massive granaries and on the other, into the (Kanakupillai) or Accountant's room. + The doorleads into the first open air courtyard, with plllared corridors running on each side that lead into individual rooms, each meant for a married son,

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