NAME: JUNELYN RAMEL

SECTION: BSN 1-YA-18

LABORATORY ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

EXERCISE 6

NERVOUS SYSTEM

Objectives

 Know the parts of the nervous system.

 Distinguish the Central Nervous System from Peripheral Nervous System
 Give the functions of the different parts of the Central Nervous System

I. Label the parts of the following structures of the brain.( 7pts)

4

1
3
2

6 5
7

Multipolar Neuron

1. SYNAPTIC END BULB

2.MELIN SHEATH

3. CELL BODY

4. NUCLEUS

5. DENDRITES

6. AXON

7. NODE OF RANVIER
 Human Brain ( 13 pts)

A. FRONTAL LOBE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

B. HYPOTHALAMUS

C.PITUITARY GLAND

D. TEMPORAL LOBE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

E. PONS

F. MEDULLA OBLONGATA

G. SPINAL CORD

H. CEREBELLUM

I. MID

J. THALAMUS

K. OCCIPITAL LOBE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

L. CORPUS CALLOSUM

M. PARIETAL LOBE OF CEREBRAL HEMISPHERE

III. Questions:

1. Enumerate the Parts of Central Nervous System. ( 5pts)

1. BRAINSTEM

2. PONS

3. CEREBELLUM

4. DIENCEPHALON

2. Give the parts of the brain and spinal cord.( 5pts)

PARTS OF THE BRAIN PARTS OF THE SPINAL CORD

1. BRAINSTEM 1. 8 CERVICAL CORDS
2. MEDULLA OBLONGATA 2. 12 THORACIC CORDS
3. PONS 3. 5 LUMBAR CORDS
4.MIDBRAIN 4. 5 SACRAL CORDS
5.RETICULAR FORMATION 5. 1 COCCYGEAL CORD
6.CEREBELLUM
7.DIENCEPHALON
8.THALAMUS
9.SUBTHALAMUS
10.EPITHALAMUS
11.HYPOTHALAMUS
12.CEREBRUM
13.BASAL NUCLEI
14. LIMBIC SYSTEM

3. Discuss the functions of the different parts of the brain.( 10 pts)

PARTS OF THE BRAIN FUNCTIONS

1.BRAINSTEM Connects the spinal cord to the cerebrum;
consists of the medulla oblongata, pons, and
midbrain, with the reticular formation scattered
throughout the three regions; has many
important functions, as listed under each
subdivision; is the location of cranial nerve nuclei
- MEDULLA OBLONGATA Pathway for ascending and descending nerve
tracts; center for several important reflexes (e.g.,
 heart rate, breathing, swallowing, vomiting
- PONS Contains ascending and descending nerve tracts;
relays information between cerebrum and
cerebellum; site of reflex centers
- MIDBRAIN Contains ascending and descending nerve tracts;
serves as visual reflex center; part of auditory
pathway.
- RETICULAR FORMATION Scattered throughout brainstem; controls many
brainstem activities, including motor control, pain
perception, rhythmic contractions, and the sleep-
wake cycle.
2. CEREBELLUM Controls muscle movement and tone; governs
balance; regulates extent of intentional
movement; involved in learning motor skills
3. DIENCEPHALON Connects the brainstem to the cerebrum; has
many relays and homeostatic functions, as listed
under each subdivision.
- THALAMUS Major sensory relay center; influences mood and
movement
- SUBTHALAMUS Contains nerve tracts and nuclei
- EPITHALAMUS Contains nuclei responding to olfactory
stimulation and contains pineal gland
- HYPOTHALAMUS Major control center for maintaining homeostasis
and regulating endocrine function
4. CEREBRUM Controls conscious perception, thought, and
conscious motor activity; can override most other
systems
- BASAL NUCLEI Controls muscle activity and posture; largely
inhibits unintentional movement when at rest
- LIMBIC SYSTEM Autonomic response to smell, emotion, mood,
memory, and other such functions.

4. Enumerate the different cranial and spinal nerves. Give their functions. (10pts)

CRANIAL NERVES FUNCTIONS

1. OLFACTORY Sensory: sense of smell
2.OPTIC Sensory: sense of vision
3. OCULOMOTOR Motor to four of six extrinsic eye muscles and
upper eyelid.
Parasympathetic to constricts pupil, thickens
lens
4. TROCHLEAR Motor: motor to one eye muscle (superior
oblique)
5. TRIGEMINAL Sensory to face and teeth
Motor to muscles of mastication (chewing)
6. ABDUCENS Motor†: motor to one eye muscle (lateral
rectus)
7.FACIAL Sensory: sense of taste
Motor†: motor to muscles of facial
expression, throat and middle ear
Parasympathetic: parasympathetic to salivary
glands, lacrimal gland, and glands of nasal
cavity and palate.
8. VESTIBULOCOCHLEAR Sensory: senses of hearing (cochlear nerve)
and balance (vestibular nerve)
9. GLOSSOPHARYNGEAL Sensory: sense of taste from posterior one-
third of tongue; sensory from pharynx,
palatine tonsils, posterior one-third of
tongue, middle ear, carotid sinus, and carotid
body
Motor: motor to pharyngeal muscle
Parasympathetic: parasympathetic to parotid
salivary gland and glands of the posterior
one-third of tongue
10. VAGUS Sensory: sensory from inferior pharynx,
larynx, thoracic and abdominal organs; sense
of taste from posterior tongue
Motor: motor to soft palate, pharynx,
intrinsic laryngeal muscles (voice production),
and an extrinsic tongue muscle
Parasympathetic: parasympathetic to
thoracic and abdominal viscera
11. ACCESSORY Motor: motor to sternocleidomastoid and
trapezius
12. HYPOGLOSSAL Motor: motor to intrinsic and extrinsic
tongue muscles and throat muscles

SPINAL NERVES FUNCTIONS

CERVICAL PLEXUS (C1-4) Supplies the skin and muscles of the head,
neck, superior portion of the shoulders and
chest and diaphragm.
BRACHIAL PLEXUS(C5-T1) Supplies the upper limb and shoulder
LUMBOSACRAL PLEXUS (L1-S4) Supplies the lower limb

5.What are the functions and components of the Autonomic Nervous System? Give at least 5
examples. ( 10 pts)

COMPONENTS OF ANS FUNCTIONS

1. SYMPATHETIC “Fight or flight” prepares the body for physical activity
2. PARASYMPATHETIC “Rest and digest” stimulate involuntary activities of
the body at rest

EXAMPLES
1. It controls heart rate
2. It controls perspiration
3. It controls digestion
4. It controls salivation
5. It controls respiratory rate

III. Matching Type. ( 30pts )

F 1. Speech production A. Medulla oblongata

A 2. Regulate heart beat B. Midbrain

E 3. Coordination of body movements’ C. thalamus

E 4. Function in intellectual processes. D. hypothalamus

G 5. Pneumotaxic area and apnestic area E. cerebellum

F. cerebrum

G. Pons

C 6. Relays motor impulses from the cerebral cortex to the pons and spinal cord.

D 7. Controls and integrates the Autonomic Nervous System

G 8. Center for mind-over-body phenomena.

E 9. Maintain balance and equilibrium

D 10. Control normal body temperature

F 11. Special senses like vision, hearing, taste and smell.

C 12. Relay stations for all sensory impulses.

D 13. Articulates with the pituitary gland

E 14. Control muscular movement

G 15. Superior colliculi coordinate movements of the eyeballs.

Matching type. ( 10 pts )

A 1. Bradycardia A. Sympathetic
A 2. Vasoconstriction B. Parasympathetic

B 3. Erection

B 4. Mydriasis

A 5. Bronchodilation