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Tamil-Teaching Adi's Book 9.4.07
Tamil-Teaching Adi's Book 9.4.07
MADE EASY
Third Edition
by
T. V. ADIKESAVALU
Digital Version
MADE EASY
Third Edition
by
T. V. ADIKESAVALU
Digital Version
2007
This book was prepared for the staff and students of Christian Medical College Vellore,
for use in the Tamil Study Programme. No part may be reproduced without permission of
the General Superintendent.
2
Adi’s Book.
CONTENTS
FOREWORD. 6
PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 7
THIRD EDITION: UPDATE. 8
I. NOTES FOR PRONUNCIATION & KEY FOR ABBREVIATIONS. 9
II. GRAMMAR LESSONS:
Lesson No. Page.
1. Greetings and Forms of Address. 10
2. Pronouns, Interrogative and Demonstrative. 12
3. Pronouns, Personal. 15
4. The Verb ‘to be’, implied. 17
5. Cardinal Numbers 1 to 10, and
Verbs - introduction. 19
6. Verbs - Positive Imperatives. 21
7. Verbs - Negative Imperatives, Weak & Strong Verbs, & Medials. 23
8. Nouns - forming the plural. 28
9. Nouns and Personal Pronouns - Accusative (Object) case. 30
10. Nouns and Personal Pronouns - Genitive (Possessive) Case. 34
11. Review, (Revision) No.I. 38
12. Verbs - Infinitives. 40
13. Nouns and Personal Pronouns, Dative Case, ‘to’ or ‘for’
& Verbs - Defective. 43
14. Verbs - defective (continued). 47
15. Cardinal Numbers 11 to 1000 & Time. 50
16. Verbs - Present tense, Positive. 54
17. Adjectives and Adverbs. 58
18. Post-Positions. 61
19. Nouns - Locative Case, 'at' or 'in'. 64
20. Post positions, (Continued). 67
21. Verbs - Future Tense, Positive, and Ordinal Numbers. 70
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Adi’s Book.
4
Adi’s Book.
5
Adi’s Book.
6
Adi’s Book.
This book is made for those who want to start speaking Tamil without the help of
the Tamil script. As this is just a short course of lessons, only common vocabulary is
used. Here and there a few words are inserted at an earlier stage to add interest to
sentences and phrases in lessons. Vocabulary must be steadily increased. To achieve this,
short stories may be used as a medium. For more advanced study, this book can never be
a substitute for the other well-written books.
In preparation of this book, the author is indebted to his students, who have been a
constant source of encouragement and stimulation and support, and to his wife for her
patience and understanding.
The works that were consulted in the preparation are:
"Direct Method" by Thiru P. Jothimuththu, Arden's Tamil Grammar and
Tamil Course for European Schools by Kerslake and Narayanaswamy.
Vellore
September 1968 T.V. Adikesavalu
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THIRD EDITION: UPDATE
My great respect for “Adi” is shared by many who have benefitted from his
teaching. There is no doubt that this book has been instrumental in making everyday
spoken Tamil available to a large number of foreign and Indian people. Most of these have
been staff or students in various courses at CMC, Vellore, who would not have been able
to give adequate time to learning the language starting with Tamil script. In recent years
there has been an increase in the number of short term visitors and it is hoped that this
computerised version will make it possible for more of them also to pick up a little Tamil,
and thus be able to increase the usefulness of their experience here.
The only very noticeable changes now made are the radical revision of Grammar at
a Glance to form of an Alphabetical List Of Grammar Principles, and the addition of a
Romanised Tamil-English Vocabulary, and extension of the English-Tamil one. These are
presented as Separate files, which can be viewed in separate windows for ease of reference
on screen.
CMC Vellore. February 2007 Brian Witchalls
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7
Adi’s Book.
PREFACE
To make the best use of this book, students are requested to pay attention to the following:
'Expansion drills' given at the end of each lesson may be studied again and again for a
thorough understanding of the grammar principle of the respective lesson and alignment of
words in Tamil sentences. 'Practical Conversation' F VKRUW DQG XVHIXO FRQYHUVDWLRQDO
sentences which may be memorised if the student has enough time. Otherwise, it will help
if one just reads the sentences often, as fast as two Tamilians would speak. Everyday
dialogues and short stories are meant for practical use of the language (for communication
of ideas in Tamil) whenever and wherever necessary. No conversation in Tamil will either
be attractive or effective without the quotation of a few of the Tamil proverbs and hence
common proverbs are given for occasional use. To enable the students to have an easy
reference to the grammar principles dealt with in the book, 'Grammar at a glance' with
examples are given.
One can learn to speak Tamil, the writer has no doubt, by continuous study of this book at
least for six months – 2 hours daily; an hour with the Tamil teacher and at least another
hour's practice at home, even if one is pessimistic about learning any language in a short
period of time. Frequent drilling and repetition of the exercises done already, speaking
with the Tamilians as often as possible, listening to the Tamilians talking and
comprehending it to the best of one's ability are the only ways of achieving proficiency in
the language. The secret of success in speaking Tamil is just to speak it out – right or
wrong, good or bad!!
Vellore
September 1968 T.V. Adikesavalu
8
Adi’s Book.
I. NOTES FOR PRONUNCIATION & KEY FOR ABBREVIATIONS
Notes for Pronunciation. Ask Tamil speakers to help. (note ensuing arguments!)
(English vowels, “Vellore English Accent pronunciation” not Oxford or London,etc).
Long vowels are expressed by a hyphen above the letters.
a as in but, shut as in arm, palm
ai as in gait, pain µ¶DVLQFat is not ever used.
e as in pen, bed as in say, made
i as in pit, kid ¯ as in sheep, meet
o as in dot, pot À as in code, roll
ow as in cow, town
u as in should, good Ì as in moon, cool
Palate sounds are expressed by a comma below the letters.
º DVLQXººH inside ¼ DVLQSD¼DPPRQH\
Ä DVLQSDÄDPIUXLW
Key for abbreviations used in the book:
accus. accusative n. noun
adv. adverb adj. adjective
pron. pronoun v. verb
nom. takes nominative case dat takes dative case
d.b. takes declensional base intr. intransitive
tr. transitive neut. neuter
imp. impersonal pers. personal
incl. inclusive excl. exclusive
m. masculine fem. feminine
w. weak verb s. strong verb
sing. singular pl. plural
9
Adi’s Book.
II. GRAMMAR LESSONS:
LESSON 1
GREETINGS AND FORMS OF ADDRESS.
10
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences.
1. DL\YD¼DNNDPYD¼DNNDPDL\ Good morning sir.
2. DPPYD¼DNNDPYD¼DNNDPDPP Good morning madam.
3. DPPYQJD, Madam, come.
DL\YQJD Sir, come.
4. DPPXNNUXQJD Madam, sit.
DL\XNNUXQJD Sir, sit.
5. YQJDDPPRUYQJDPP Come, madam.
6. YQJDDL\RUYQJDL\ Come, sir.
7. XNNUXQJDDPPRUXNNUXQJDPP Sit, madam.
8. XNNUXQJDDL\RUXNNUXQJDL\D Sit, sir – (formal)
9. DPPQ¯QJD\U" Madam, who (are) you?
10. L\Q¯QJD\U" Sir, who (are) you? – (formal)
11. Q¯QJD\UDPP"Q¯QJD\UP" Who (are) you, madam? – (formal)
12. Q¯QJD\UDL\"Q¯QJD\UDL\" Who (are) you, sir?
13. Q¯QJD\U" Who (are) you?
14 Q¯QJD\UDSS"Q¯QJD\US" Who (are) you?
15. YQJDDSSYQJDSS (Please) Come, sir.
16 Q¯QJDXNNUXQJDSS You (please) sit, sir.
Practical Conversation
A, one person, meeting B, another person.
A. YD¼DNNDPDPP Greetings, madam.
B. YD¼DNNDPDL\ Greetings sir.
A. YQJDYQJDXNNUXQJD Come in, come in, please sit.
B. QDQGULDL\ Thank you sir.
A. DPPQ¯QJD\U" Madam, who are you?
B. QQDPP I (am) (the) mother.
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11
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 2
PRONOUNS, INTERROGATIVE AND DEMONSTRATIVE
Questions in Tamil
4XHVWLRQVDUHIRUPHGLQ7DPLOE\DGGLQJµ¶WRWKHODVWZRUGLQDVHQWHQFHEXWLI
LQWHUURJDWLYHVVXFKDVZKDWZKRHWFRFFXULQDVHQWHQFHµ¶ZLOOQRWEHXVHGILQDOO\
$OVRµ¶FDQEHDIIL[HGWRDQ\ZRUGZKLFKQHHGVWREHHPSKDVLVHGDVDTXHVWLRQ
Note here also the plural forms of some words, formed by adding ‘nga’
Pronounce the final ‘e’ in the words inge, ange, enge, ille, kude, etc., as the “e” in bent
A slight ‘y’ is sometimes added to the beginning of the word enge, to make it
yenge, and also to other similar words starting with the ‘e’ sound. The ‘y’ is written
occasionally in this and subsequent lessons
enna what yenna what
edhu which one yedhu which one
edhunga which ones yedhunga which ones
enge where yenge where
inge here ange there
idhu this idhunga these
adhu that adhunga those
GKQ only, indeed.
µGKQ¶LVXVHGOLEHUDOO\HYHQJUDWXWLWRXVO\DVZLOOEHVHHQLQPDQ\H[DPSOHVLQ
subsequent lessons, where a translation of this word/attachment is often not included.
Vocabulary
NLGKDP paper YGK\U teacher
NÌGH basket jannal window
kude umbrella are room
QNNOL chair pusthaham book
kadhavu door SQ pen
ille no Pm yes
LOOH\ no? (is it not?) (isn’t that so?)
------------------------
12
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences.
1. DL\LGKXHQQDRULGKHQQD" Sir, what (is) this?
2. LGKXQNNDOL This (is) a chair.
3. DPPDGKXHQQDDGKHQQD" Madam, what (is) that?
4. DGKXPVH That (is) a table.
5. edhu pusthaham? Which (is) the book?
6. idhu pusthaham This (is) the book.
7. jannal enge? Where (is) the window?
8. jannal ange There (is) the window.
9. inge enna (or ingenna?) What (is) here?
10. inge kadhavu Here (is) the door.
11. idhu areya? (Is) this the room?
12. PLGKXDUHGKQ Yes, this (is) the room indeed.
13. LGKXSQY" (Is) this a pen?
14. LOOHLGKXSQLOOH No, this (is) not a pen.
15. LGKXYSQ" (Is) this a pen?
16 DGKXYSHQFLO" (Is) that a pencil?
17. PDGKXSHQFLOGKQ Yes, that (is) indeed a pencil.
18. LQJHGKQDQJHLOOH Here only, not there.
19. LQJH\DQJH\ Here or there?
20. PPRUPPDGKXGKQ Yes, yes, that (is) it.
------------------------
Practical Conversation.
L: Language teacher, S: student
L. QDPDVNUDPXNNUXQJD Greetings, please sit
S QDPDVWKDL\QDQGUL Greetings sir, thank (you)
L. DPPLGKXHQQD" Madam, what (is) this?
S. DL\DGKXQNNOL Sir, that (is a) chair
L. SXVWKDKDPHQJHDQJH\" Where is (the) book, there?
S. LQJHGKQDQJHLOOH Right here, not there
13
Adi’s Book.
14
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 3
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Singular Plural
QQ I QP we,(inclusive of
addressed person)
QQJD we (exclusive)
Q¯ you (not polite) Q¯QJD you (polite) (sing.or pl)
avan he (not polite) avanga they, (personal, pl)
ava she (not polite)
avar he or she (polite)
adhu it (neuter) adhunga they (neuter)
ivar this person ivanga these persons
evar which person evanga which persons
yevar which person yevanga which persons
en my (gen) unga your (gen)
yen my (gen)
indha this, or these andha that, or those
endha which (sing. or pl.)
yendha which (sing. or pl.)
----------------
paiyan boy
SH¼ girl VWKU¯ woman
thambi younger brother thangachchi younger sister
thambi youngster (male) thangachchi youngster (female)
D¼¼DQ elder brother DNN elder sister
doctor doctor
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15
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences.
1. DQGKDDL\\r? Who (is) that gentleman?
2. DYDU\U" Who (is) he?
3. avar, doctor He (is) a doctor
4. LQGKDDPP\U" Who (is) this lady?
5. LQGKDVWKU¯\U" Who (is) this woman?
6. LYDUYWK\U She (or he) (is) a teacher
7. evar doctor? Which person (is) a doctor?
8. LYDUGRFWRU" (Is) this person a doctor?
9. LOOHDYDUYWK\U No, he (or she) (is) a teacher.
10. DGKX\U" Who (is) that?
11. DPPLQGKDSDL\DQ\U" Mother, who (is) this boy?
12. DL\DQGKDSH¼\U" Sir, who (is) that girl?
13. WKDPELLQJHY Little brother, come here.
14. WKDQJDFKFKLDQJHXNNU Little sister, sit there.
15. LQWKDSH¼GRFWRU This girl is a doctor.
16. D¼¼LQJHXNNUXQJD Elder Brother, sit here.
17. DNNDQJHYQJD Elder sister, come there.
Practical Conversation.
General conversation between A and B.
A. YQJDPPLQGKDSDL\DQ\U" Greetings madam, who is this boy?
B. avan yen thambi. He (is) my younger brother.
A. LQGKDSH¼XQJDWKDQJDFKFKL\" (is) this girl your younger sister?
B. LOOHDYDHQDNN No, she (is) my elder sister.
A. HYDUGRFWRULYDUGRFWRU" Which person is a doctor,
is this (one) a doctor?
B. LOOHLYDUGRFWRULOOHLYDUYWK\U No, she is not a doctor, she is a teacher.
A. QLQJDGRFWRUYWK\U" Are you a doctor or a teacher?
B. nan doctordhan. I am a doctor indeed.
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16
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 4
THE VERB “TO BE”,- IMPLIED
periya big chinna small, little(size).
suham in good health suham ille unwell, sick.
SÀLWXYDUQ (guest) good–bye SÀLWXYQJD (host) good–bye.
nalla good ketta bad
petti box sari yes, right, well, (OK)
sari ille not right, no good.
MVWKL much, too much. romba very, much, too much.
konjam a little, just kammi little, short(measure).
----------------------
Short Sentences.
1. DPPQLQJDVXKDP" Madam, (are) you well?
2. QDQVXKDPGKQQDQGUL I (am) well, thank you.
3. DL\VXKDP" (Is the) gentleman well?
4. DL\NRQMDPVXKDPLOOH The gentleman (is a) little unwell.
5. DYDUURPEDVXKDPLOOH\" (Is) he very ill?
6. DPPQDOODVXKDP" (Is the) lady quite well?
7. LGKXFKLQQDQNNOL This (is a) small chair.
8. DGKXSHUL\DPVH That (is) a big table.
9. indha petti chinna petti. This box (is a) small box.
10. andha paiyan nalla paiyan. That boy (is a ) good boy.
11. LQGKDSH¼NHWWDSH¼ This girl (is a ) bad girl.
12. LGKXURPEDMVWKLLOOH\" This (is) too much, no? (is it not?)
13. adhu romba konjam, ( kammi), That (is) too little. (That (is) very little).
14. QQSRLWXYDUQYD¼DNNDP Good–bye (by the guest)
15. SÀLWXYQJDYD¼DNNDP Good–bye (by the host)
----------------------
17
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
A: Doctor, B: Woman with patient, C: Man.
A. QLQJDVXKDP" (Are) you well?
B. PQQVXKDPGKDQQDQGUL Yes, I (am) indeed well, thank you.
A. \UVXKDPLOOH" Who (is) not well?
B. DL\NRQMDPVXKDPLOOH He (is a) little unwell.
A. LQJHSHUL\DQNNOLXNNUXQJDDSS Here (is a) big chair,
(please) sit down, sir.
C. QDQGULLQGKDQNNOLQDOODQNNOL Thank you, this chair (is a ) good chair.
A. PDGKXQDOODSHUL\DQNNOL Yes, that (is a) good big chair.
----------------------
Expansion Drill For Lessons 3 & 4.
idhu yenna? idhu petti.
DGKXSXVWKDKDPSHWWL\ adhu pusthaham.
periya petti yenge? DGKXLQJHGKQ
ethu nalla petti? periya petti nallathu.
LQWKDFKLQQDSHWWLVDUL\" ille, athu sariyille.
indha pusthaham nallathu. PDWKXURPEDQDOODSXVWKDKDP
LGKXURPEDMVWKL athu romba kammi.
LGKXMVWKL\NDPPL\"
LGKXURPEDURPEDMVWKL adhu romba romba kammi.
LGKXVDUL\LOOH\" adhu romba sari. romba nallathu.
VDULSÀLWXYDUQ VDULSÀLWXYQJD
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 5
CARDINAL NUMBERS 1 TO 10, AND VERBS--INTRODUCTION
Cardinal Numbers
R¼¼X one UX six
UH¼GX two ÄX seven
PÌQX three ettu eight
QOX four ombathu nine
anju, (anji) five paththu ten
Verbs, Introduction.
(Note: w. weak and s. strong, given, with the medials applicable: see lessons 6 & 7).
irukkuthu it is, there are.
iru (s.ndh) wait, be,
nil (s. n) stand
HQGKLULHÄXQGKLULVQGK stand up, wake up, getup,
Vocabulary.
oru one, a, an, (The Indefinite Article)
XººH inside YHºL\H outside
ivlavu this much avlavu that much
(y)evlavu? how much? (y)eththane? how many?
iththane this many aththane that many
UÌE rupee Paisa paise
kaththi knife WKD¼¼L water
VYL key liter litre (measure)
SO milk pal tooth
SÌ flower SDÄDP fruit
Short Sentences
1. LQJHHWKWKDQHQNNOLLUXkkuthu? How many chairs are here?
2. LQJHQOXQNNOLLULNNXWKX There are four chairs here.
3. anjum anjum yeththane? Five and five are how many?
4. anjum anjum pathu. Five and five are ten.
19
Adi’s Book.
5. konjam irunga. Inge irunga. Wait a bit. Wait here.
6. DUHXººHLUXQJDXººHSÀQJD Wait inside the room. Go in.
7. HÄXQGKLUXYHºL\HQLO Get up. Stand outside.
8. LQJHPVHLUXNNXGK" Is there a table here?
9. PÌQXPQOXPHYODYX" Three and four make, how many?
10. PÌQXPQOXPÄXLOOH\" Three and four are seven, no?
11. XººHHQQDLUXNNXGKX" What is inside?
12. XººHPMH\XPQNNOL\XPLUXNNXWKX There are tables and chairs inside.
13. LYºDYXSONRQGXSÀQJD Take away this much milk.
14. DYºDYXSOLQJHLOOH There is not that much milk here.
15. DQJH\HYºDYXSOLUXNNXWKX" How much milk is there?
16. DQJHNRQMDPSOGKQLUXNNXGKX Only a little milk is there.
17. LQJHRUXQNNOLNRQGXY Bring one chair here.
18. UH¼GXSDÄDPXPRUXNDWKWKL\XPNRQGXY Bring two fruits and a knife
19. thanni romba kudinga. Drink a lot of water.
20. R¼¼XUH¼GXPÌQXVROOXQJD Say one, two, three.
21. DWKXSOLGKXGKQRUXSDO That is milk, this is a tooth!
Practical Conversation.
T: Tamil Teacher, S: Student.
T. QLQJDO"XººHYQJD Is that you? Come in.
S. QDQGULYD¼¼DNNDP Thank you, Greetings.
T. R¼¼XUH¼GXPÌQXVROOXQJD Say 1, 2, 3, etc.
S. R¼¼XUH¼GXPÌQXQOXDQMXUX 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
ÄXHWWXRPEDWKXSDWKWKX 7, 8, 9, 10.
T. LQJH\HWKWKDQHQNNOLirukkuthu? How many chairs are there here?
S. DQJHQOXQNNOLLUXNNXWKX There are four chairs there.
T. UH¼GXPPÌQXPHYODYX" How much is two and three?
S. UH¼GXPPÌQXPDQMXLOOH\" Two and three are five, no?
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20
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 6.
VERBS; POSITIVE IMPERATIVES.
The root of the verb itself is the ‘not polite’ form.
The root plus ‘nga’ is the ‘polite’ form. (pl.)
(Lesson 7 will develop the use of Medials, given in brackets here).
Not Polite. Polite.
XNNUQGK sit XNNUXQJD sit
YQGK come YQJD come
SÀQ go SÀQJD go
Practice the application similarly to other verbs, such as the following:-
padi (thth) read, learn, study. YVLWKWK read
HÄXGKXLQ write sei (dh) make, do.
SVXLQ speak sol, sollu (in) say, tell
nil, nillu (n) stand, stop kudi (thth) drink
NRQGXYQGK bring NRQGXSÀQ take away
WKD\UVHLGK make ready, prepare.
-----------------
Use the following with nouns and pronouns, as in some of the sentences below:-
-um……...-um and
-umille…..-umille neither….nor
---------------------
Short Sentences
1. WKDPELLQJHYXNNDU Little brother, come here. Sit.
2. DL\NRQMDPDQJHSÀQJD Sir, just go there.
3. intha pusthaham padinga. Read this book.
4. WKDQJDFKFKLNRQMDPWKD¼¼LNXGL Little sister, drink a little water.
5. QLQJDLQGKDSONXGLQJD You drink this milk.
6. SOXPWKD¼¼L\XPNRQGXSÀQJD Take away the water and milk.
7. idhu WKD¼¼L\XPLOOHSOXPLOOH. This is neither water or milk.
8. NRQMXPSVXQJD Speak a liittle.
21
Adi’s Book.
9. YD¼DNNDPVROOXQJD Say ‘greetings’.
10. UÌEYXPSDLVDYXPNRQGXYQJD Bring the rupee and the paise.
11. LQJHNDWKL\XPLOOHVYL\XPLOOH There is neither knife or key here.
12. LQJH\XPDQJH\XPHÄXGKX Write here and there.
13. LGKXYXPDWKXYXPWKD\UVHL Prepare this and that.
14. UH¼GXUÌESDWKXSDLVDNRGX Give two rupees and ten paise.
15. QDOODWKDPLÄSVXQJD Speak good tamil.
16. SHUL\DSHWWLNRQGXSÀ Take the big box.
17. Q¯DQJHQLOQ¯LQJHQLOOX You stand here. You, stand here.
18. Q¯QJDLQJHXNNUXQJD You, sit here.
19. LGKXNHWWDSÌLOOH This is not a bad flower.
20. DQGKDQDOODSÌNRQGXY Bring that good flower.
----------------------
Practical Conversation.
B: Boy selling milk. C: Customer.
C. WKDPELLQJHYSONRQGXY Little brother, come here. Bringe the milk.
B. HQQDDPP"\HYºDYXYQXP" What (is it) maam. How much do you want?
C. SOYLOH\HQQD"VROOXQJD What’s the price of the milk? Tell (me).
B. RPEDWKXUÌESDWKXSDLVHOLWHU Rs9.10 per litre.
C. DWKXURPEDMVWKLLOOH\" That is too much, no? (isn’t it?)
konjam kammi sei. Make it a bit less.
B. LOOHDPPLWKXURPEDNRQMDP No maam, this is very low (price).
C. LGKXSOXPLOOHWKD¼¼L\XPLOOH This is neither milk or water!
B. LGKXQDOODSONRQMDPNXGLQJD This is good milk. (Please) drink some.
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22
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 7.
NEGATIVE IMPERATIVES,
WEAK AND STRONG VERBS, AND MEDIALS,
Negative Imperative.
:LWKµGKH¶DQGµGKLQJD¶µGRQRW¶
(Weak and Strong Verbs – see below).
‘Not polite’ form.
5RRWSOXVµGKH¶IRUZHDNYHUEV SÀSÀKGH do not go
5RRWSOXVµNGKH¶IRUVWURQJYHUEV NXGLNXGLNGKH do not drink
‘Polite form’.
5RRWSOXVµGKLQJD¶IRUZHDNYHUEV SÀSÀKGLQJD do not go
5RRWSOXVµNGKLQJD¶IRUVWURQJYHUEV NXGLNXGLNNGKLQJD do not drink
Note. Strong verbs are indicated by ‘s’ and weak verbs by ‘w’ in the following lessons.
23
Adi’s Book.
Past Tense Medials.
Weak Verbs.
YQGK come ÀGXLQ run
SÀQ go SVXLQ speak
NRQGXYQGK bring PÌGXLQ close, cover
NRQGXSÀQ take away WKÌQJXLQ sleep
sei (dh) do YOHVHLGK work
HÄXWKXLQ write NWWXLQ show
Strong Verbs.
padi (thth) study nada (ndh) walk
kudi (thth) drink NPLWKWK show
YVLWKWK read thira (ndh) open
edu, yedu (thth) take vai (thth) place, put, keep
SUWKWK see, look at, look after, take care of
nil (ndh)* stand
,UUHJXODUQLOQWKQ QLQWKQ±µO¶LVGURSSHG
-------------------------
Vocabulary
V¯NUDP quickly V¯NUDP soon
YKDP fast PHGKXY slowly, gently
marapadiyum again YOH work (n)
ippo now appo then, at that time
padam picture apram afterwards
VDUL\ exactly, well ipdi this way, thus
VDGKGKDP loudly, aloud apdi that way
epdi how, which way QDOODQDOO well (adv.)
SDººLNÌGDP school thirumba again
kadidham letter thirumba-thirumba repeatedly
-------------------------
24
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences
LGKXNWWXQJDDGKXNWWGKLQJD Show this, don’t show that.
SONXGLQJDWKD¼¼LNXGLNNGKLQJD Drink milk, do not drink water.
LQJHYDQJHSÀKDGKH Come here, don’t go there.
YHºL\HSÀXººHYDUGKH Go out, don’t come in.
WKDPELSDººLNÌGDPSÀVLNUDPSÀ Little brother, go to school. Go soon.
PHGKXYYDLQJDDQJHYDLQJD Place it gently. Put it there.
LQGKDSDGDPSUNNGKLQJD Don’t look at this picture.
DQGKDSGDPSDGLNNGKLQJD Don’t study that lesson.
9. adhu thirumba padinga. Read that again.
VDGKGKDPSDGLQJD Read loudly.
QDOOSDGLQJD Read well.
YHKDPSDGLNNGKLQJD Don’t read fast.
LSSRYOHVHL\GKLQJDDSUDPVHLQJD Don’t work now, work afterwards.
LQGKDYOHQDOOVHLQJD Do this work well.
LSGLVHLQJDDSGLVHL\GKLQJD Do (it) this way, don’t do (it)that way.
MDQQDOPÌGGKLQJD Don’t close (the) window.
NDGKDYXWKLUDNNGKLQJD Don’t open (the) door.
DGKXHGXQJDLGKXHGXNNGKLQJD Take that. Don’t take this.
SDGDPSDUNNGKLQJDSGDPSDGLQJD Don’t look at (the) picture. Read (the) lesson.
LSSRDQJHSÀKGKH Don’t go there now.
YHKDPQDGDNNGKLQJD Do not walk fast.
URPEDPHGKXYQDGDQGJD Walk very slowly.
LSSRLQJHQLNNGKH
Don’t stand here now.*
QLONGKH QLNNGKH±µO¶LVGURSSHG
-------------------------
25
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
T: Teacher. S: Younger student
7WKDPELLQJHWKÌQJGKH
Don’t (go to) sleep here, young fellow.
S. ennanga? (-nga = plural ending, denotes respect.)
What? (Pardon, madam)?
7LSSRSDGLDSUDPSVX
Study now, talk later.
6HQGKDSGDP"SHUL\DSXVWKDKDPLQJLOOH
Which lesson? (There is) no big book here.
7DQJHSXVWKDKDPLUXNNXGKXSGDPÄXPHGKXYVDGKGKDPYVL
There is a book.. Read lesson 7 slowly (and) loudly.
6WKLUXPEDWKLUXPEDVROOGKLQJDQDQQDOODSDL\DQ
Don’t say (that) again and again. I’m (a) good boy.
7DSGL\"VDULLSSRSDGL
Is that so? All right, now read.
S. saringa.
All right madam.
----------------------
Expansion Drill For Lessons 5, 6, 7.
WKDPLÄSDGLQJD WKDPLÄSGDPSDGLQJD
WKDPLÄSGDPQDOODSDGLQJD WKDPLÄSGDPYVLQJD
WKDPLÄSGDPYKDPYVLQJD ingeyum angeyum vVLNNGKLQJD
HOODPYVLQJD SGDP\HOOPYVLQJD
URPEDPHGKXYYVLNNGKLQJD
1RWH,QVHUWµHUXWKX¶RUµSVX¶RUµVROOX¶LQVWHDGRIµSDGL¶DQGµYVL¶LQWKHDERYH
----------------------
DYºDYXHÄXGKGKLQJD DSGLHÄXGKGKLQJD
DQJHHÄXGKGKLQJD elOPHÄXGKGKLQJD
LSSRYOHVHLQJD LSSRXQJDYOHVHLQJD
26
Adi’s Book.
LSSRXQJDYOHHOOPVHLQJD LSSRDQJHYOHQDOODVHLQJD
LSSRXQJDYOHYKDPVHLQJD LSSRDQJHYOHVDUL\VHLQJD
DSUDPSHUL\DYOHVHLQJD DSUDPDQGKDYOHVHL\dhinga.
PDUXSDGL\DPDQGKDYOHVHL\GKLQJD
LGKXPVH\XPLOOHQNNOL\XPLOOH LGKXVYL\XPLOOHNDWKWKL\XPLOOH
LGKXSOXPLOOHWKD¼¼L\XPLOOH QDPXPLOOHQ¯QJDºXPLOOH
SHQYXPLOOHSHQFLOXPLOOH ipdiyumille / apdiyumille.
Note: Verbs (positive and negative) are to be drilled the same way as shown above.
Nouns, adjectives and adverbs are also to be drilled in the same pattern.
----------------------
SOLQJHNRQGXYQJD SOXPSDÄDPXPLQJHNRQGXYQJD
NDWKWKLNRQGXYQJD LSSRWKD¼¼LNRQGXYQJD
LSSRQDOOWKD¼¼LNRQGXYQJD LSSRDYºDYXWKD¼¼LNRGXYDUGKLQJD
NHWWDWKD¼¼LNRQGXYDUGKLQJD
NHWWDWKD¼¼LPDUXSDGL\XPNRQGXYDUGKLQJD
----------------------
PHGKXYQDGDNNGKLQJDÀGXQJD YKDPÀGXQJDURPEDYKDPÀGXQJD
PDUXSDGLXPÀGXQJD WKLUXPEDWKLUXPEDÀGXQJD
LSDGL\XPDSDGL\XPÀGGKLQJD VDUL\ÀGXQJD
DYºDYXPHGKXYÀGGKLQJD LYºDYXYKDPÀGXQJD
RUXNDGLGKDPHÄXWKXQJD LQWKDNDGLGKDPHÄXWKXQJD
XQJDSGDPHÄXWKXQJD LQJH\XPDQJH\XPHÄXWKXQJD
URPEDQDOODHÄXWKXQJD SGDPHOOPHÄXWKXQJD
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27
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 8.
NOUNS,F)250,1*7+(3/85$/
Nouns, Singular plus ‘nga’ = Plural
PVH table PVHQJD tables
QNNOL chair QNNOLQJD Chairs
Note: Singular nouns ending in ‘m’ drop the final ‘m’ before adding ‘nga’.
maram, tree maranga, trees
pusthaham, book pusthahanga, books
--------------------------
Vocabulary
YUWKWKH word SWWX song
pudhu, pudhiya new SDÄD\D old (things)
DQKD many vayasu age (persons).
sila some, a few. pala several
VSSLGX eat YLºD\GX play
SGX sing padu lie down
anuppu send NÌSSLGX call
LGKÀ here it is DGKÀ there it is
Short Sentences
LQGKDSXGKL\DSDL\DQ\U" Who is this new boy?
SDÄD\DSDL\DQ\HQJH" Where is the old (former) boy?
WKDPELLQJHYDQJHÀGX Little brother, come here. Run there.
YKDPÀGX Run fast.
LSSRSXGKXWKD¼¼LNRQGXY Now bring new water
DSSRSDÄD\DWKD¼¼LNRQGXYUDGK Then, do not bring old water.
LQGKDSWWXSGX Sing this song.
LQGKDQDOODSWWXSGX Sing this good song.
NHWWDSWWXSGGKLQJD Don’t sing (the) bad song.
LSGLSGGKLQJD Don’t sing like this.
28
Adi’s Book.
DQJHYLºD\GXQJD Play there
LQJHYLºD\GGKLQJD Don’t play here.
LGKXQDOODSDÄDPURPEDQDOOSDÄDPVSSLGXQJD
This is good fruit, very good fruit. Eat (please).
DSGLQDGDNNGKLQJDVLNUDPQDGDQJD Don’t walk like that. Walk fast.
VLODSXGKXSXVWKDKDQJDNRQGXYQJD Bring some new books.
SDÄD\DSXVWKDKDPLQJHYDLNNGKHNRQGXSÀ
Don’t leave (the) old book here, take it away.
LQJHVLODQNNOLQJDDQXSSXQJD Send a few chairs here.
18. pala nalla pusthahanga ange ille. Several good books are not there.
LQJHNÌSSLGGKHDQJHNÌSSLGX Don’t call here, call there.
DQJHSDGXNNGKHLQJHSDGX Don’t lie down there, lie here.
21. ipdi sei. inge sei. apdi ille! Do (it) like this. Do (it) here. Not like that!
DQGKDFKLQQDSDL\DQLSSRLQJHNÌSSLGX Call that small boy here now.
Practical Conversation.
A: Any Person. E: New Employee.
$Q¯LQJHSXWKXSDL\DQLOOH\" You (are a) new boy here, aren’t you?
(PLSSÀQQSXWKXSDL\DQGKQ Yes, I (am) a new boy only.
$SDÄD\DSDL\DQ\HQJH" Where (is the) old (former) boy?
(DYDQLSSÀLQJHLOOH He (is) not here now.
$VLODWDPLÄYUWKWKHQJDVROOXSSLQJOLVKSVGKH
Speak some Tamil words. Don’t speak English.
E. inge romba sadhdham. antha chinna paiyanga kuppidunga.
Here (it’s) very noisy. Call those small boys (please)
$Q¯QJDXººHYLOD\GGKLQJDYHºL\HYLOD\GXQJD
Don’t play inside, play outside, (please).
E. romba nandri. Many thanks.
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29
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 9.
NOUNS AND PERSONAL PRONOUNS,
ACCUSATIVE (OBJECTIVE) CASE.
To form the accusatives of nouns, the ending ‘e’ is suffixed to the nominatives.
Nom. AvanSDL\DQGKQ He is only a boy.
Acc. Avane kuppidunga. Call him.
When the object is unspecified neuter, the accusative case ending is generally omitted.
30
Adi’s Book.
Pronouns
Pronoun Declensional Base* Accusative
QQ I en enne me
QP we (incl) QP namme us
QQJD we (excl) HQJDº HQJDºH us
Q¯ you un unne you (sing)
Q¯QJD you XQJDº XQJDºH you (pl)
avan he avan avane him
avar he or she (polite) avar avare him or her
ava she (impolite) ava DYDºH her
adhu it adhu adhe it
adhunga they (things) DGKXQJDº DGKXQJDºH them
avanga they (persons) DYDQJDº DYDQJDºH them
Vocabulary
GX sheep PGX bullock, (ox)
pasu cow maram tree
Y¯GX house VSDWKUL hospital
WKÀWWDP garden YGDKH rent
UX river NL¼DUX well
sadhdham noise kayiru string
VGKDP cooked rice arisi uncooked rice
nel paddy (rice from or in the field).
SU name, person NÌGD also
mundhi early pindhi late
L¼¼DNNL today QºDNNL tomorrow
QºD¼¼DNNL the day after tomorrow QWKWKX yesterday
vettu (w. in) cut (with an axe) kadi (s. thth) bite
adi (s.thth) strike, hit kuli (s.thth) bathe
mara (s.ndh) forget PDUDQWKXSÀZQ forget
NOVWW ask D¼¼DNL that day
31
Adi’s Book.
32
Adi’s Book.
SHQFLOOHDSGLNDGLNNGKLQJD Don’t bite the pencile like that.
WKWKXWKD¼¼LQDOOWKD¼¼L (The) river water is good water.
XQJDNDL\XPNOXPNWWXQJD Show your hands and feet.
LGKX\USU"LGKXQDOODSU Whose name is this? This is a good name.
Q¯QJDDSSNXGH\HNRQGXSÀQJD You take father(’s) umbrella.
HQNDQQHNRQMDPSUXQJD Just look at my eye.
GRFWRULGKXNHWWDSDO" Doctor, is this a bad tooth?
-------------------------
Practical Conversation.
T: Tenant L: Landlord.
7LGKX\UY¯GX"XQJDY¯G" Whose house is this? Your house?
/PQJD\HQQDYQXP" Yes. What do you want?
7LQGKDY¯GXYQXPYDGDKHHYºDYX" (I) want this house. How much (is the) rent?
L. vadahe apram. Rent (can be discussed) later.
7LQJHWKÀWWDPLOOH\" Is there no garden here?
NL¼DUX\HQJH" Where is the well?
/YDQJDNL¼DUXPWKÀWWDPSUNNDYQJD
Come (along), come and see the garden and the well
T. eththane arenga irukkathu? How many rooms are there.
/PÌQXFKLQQDDUHQJDUH¼GXSHUL\DDUHQJDLUXNNXWKX
There are three small rooms and two big rooms.
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33
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 10.
NOUNS AND PERSONAL PRONOUNS
GENITIVE (POSSESSIVE) CASE.
There are two genitive forms.
For Pronouns:-
In the first, some pronouns have their own possessive case form.
others do not change, as seen below.
In the second, the addition of ‘udeya’ reinforces the possessive.
QQ HQPVH HQXGH\DPVH my table
QQJD HQJDPVH HQJDºXGH\DPVH our table
avan DYDQPVH DYDQXGH\DPVH his table
avanga DYDQJDPVH DYDQJDºXGH\DPVH their table
For Nouns:-
SRQQDPPNDL SRQQDPPYXGH\DNDL 3RQQDPP¶VIDFH
maram ile marathudeya ile the tree’s leaf
Pronoun Possessive
QQ I en enudeya my
QP we nam namudeya our (incl)
QQJD we enga HQJDºXGH\D our (excl)
Q¯ you un unudeya your (sing)
Q¯QJD you unga XQJDºXGH\D your (pl)
avan he avan avanudeya his
ava she ava DYDºXGH\D her
avar he or she avar avarudeya his or her
avanga they (persons) avanga DYDQJDºXGH\D their
adhu it adhan adhanudeya its
adhunga they (things) adhunga DGKXQJDºXGH\D their
Animate Nouns also use ‘idam’ or ‘idathle’ to express ‘in posession of’.
See Lesson 28, page 102.
-------------------------
34
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences
DGKXXQNDLLGKX\HQNDLLGKX\UNDL"
That is your hand. This is my hand. Whose hand is this?
XQJDSDGDPHQJH"LGKXDYDQJDSXVWKDKDPLOOH\"
Where is your picture? This is their book is it not?
DYDUXGH\DSDGDPNWWGKLQJDQDPXGH\DSXVWKDKDPHQJH"
Don’t show his picture. Where is our book
LQGKDNÌGH\UNÌGH"LQGKDNÌGHDYDQXGH\DNÌGHLOOH
Whose basket is this? This basket is not his basket.
HGKXXQJDºXGH\DPVH"LGKXXQJDPVH
Which is your table? This is your table.
Y\HWKLUDXQY\HQDOOWKLUDQNNHNWWX
Open (Your) mouth. Open your mouth well.(wide). Show (your) tongue.
QDPSDL\DQSDººLNÌGDPHGKX"
Which is our boy’s school?
LGKX\UVSDWKUL"LGKX\HQJDVSDWKUL
Whose hospital is this? This is our hospital.
DGKX\HYDUY¯GXDYDUXGH\DY¯GLYDUXGH\DY¯G"
Whose house is that, that person’s house, or this person’s house.
HQQHSUNNGKLQJDSDGDWKWKHYVLQJDVDUL\YVLQJD
Don’t look at me. Read the lesson. Read it well.
HQXGH\DWKDOHFKLQQDWKDOHDYDQXGH\DPÌNNXSHUL\DWKX
My head is a small head. His nose is a big one.
XQJDºXGH\DSU\HQQD"DGKDQSU\HQQD"
What is your name. What is its name.(what is it called).
HQSUMRKQDGKDQSUWRP My name is John. Its name is Tom.
PMHPOHHQSQLUXNNXWK" Is my pen on the table?
DGKDQVYLLQJHLOOH Its key is not here.
-------------------------
35
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
G: Gardener E: Employer.
*YQJDLDKWKÀWWDWKWKHSUXQJD Come sir, look at the garden.
(LGKXURPEDQDOODWKÀWWDP This is a very good garden.
inge yeththane maranga irukkuthu? How many trees are here?
*LQJHSDWKXPDUDQJDGKQLUXNNXWKX There are only ten trees here.
E. adhu enna sedi? What (kind of) plant is that?
*DGKXRUXSÌVHGL That is a flower(ing) plant.
(DQGKDSÌFKHGLLQJHYDLNNGKLQJD Don’t put that flowering plant here.
G. saringa. All right.
Expansion Drill For Lessons 8,9,10.
Genitive(Possessive)
LGKXHQY¯GX . LGKXXQJDºXGH\DY¯GX
LGKX\UY¯GX" LGKXDYDQJDY¯GX
LGKXQDPY¯GXLOOH LGKX\HQJDºXGH\DY¯GXLOOH
WKDPELLGKXXQY¯G" idKXDYDUY¯GXLOOH\"
LGKXDYDUXGH\DY¯GXGKQ . FKLQQDGXDPPHQJH"
DGKDQXGH\DDPPLQJHLOOH DGKDQDPPYHºL\LUXNNXWKX
Accusative(Object)
HQQHSUXQJD HQY¯WWHSUXQJD
HQXGH\DSXVWKDWKWKHSUXQJD HQSXVWKDKDQJDOHSUXQJD
HQSH¼¼HSUXQJD HQSDL\DQHSUXQJD
HQJDPDUDWKWKHYHWWWKLQJD HQJDSDÄDWKWKHVSLGXQJD
HQJDÌU
WKWKHSUXQJD
YLOODJH HQJDWWHNÌSLGXQJD
\HQJDPWWHNWWXQJD WKDPELXQSGDWKWKHYVL
WKDQJDFKFKLXQPXKDWKWKHNWWX VGKDWKWKHV¯NUDPVSLGX
PWWHDGLWWHDGLNNGKH XQNDL\HNWWX
XQND¼¼HPXGX idhu en petti
indha paiyan yen thambi. ivan enudeya thambi.
LQGKDSH¼HQWKDQJDFKFKL iva yenudeya thangachchi.
36
Adi’s Book.
Verbs, Positive and Negative.
Q¯QJDVSDWKULSÀQJD QºDNNLLQJHYQJD
QDºD¼¼DNNLYDUGKLQJD LGKHPDUDQGKXSÀKGKLQJD
Q¯QJDPXQGKLNXºLQJD Q¯QJDDSUDPNXºLQJD
V¯NUDPN¯ÄHSÀQJD LSSRPOHSÀKGKLQJD
DYDUSU\HQQD" DYDUSUHNºXQJD
XQJDSUHVROOXQJD DYDUSUMRVHSK"
XQJDNOHNWWGKLQJD XQJDºXGH\DY\HQDOODWKLUXQJD
XQJDQNNHVDUL\NWWXQJD PDUXSDGL\XPPOHSÀQJD
DQJHLQGKDGRFWRUHSUXQJD LQJHYLºD\GGKLQJDYHºL\ÀGXQJD
DQJH\HOOUXPSWWXSGXQJD ‘tome’ inge anuppunga.
LQGKDNDGLGKDWKWKHQºDNNLDQXSSXQJD PDUDWKWKXN¯ÄHSDGXNNGKLQJD
PVHPOHSDGXQJD LGKX\UXGH\DSHWWL"
LQGKDDPPXQJDDPPXQJDPP LYDUXQJDºXGH\DDPP
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37
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 11.
REVIEW (REVISION) No 1.
The translation is not given, -read the sentences and understand them.
This is a test of your progress.
DL\YQJDYD¼DNNDPXººHYQJDXNNUXQJDDQJHXNNUXQJDLQJHXNNUXQJD
DPPSÀQJDDQJHSÀQJDV¯NUDPSÀQJDDSGLSÀQJDLSSRSÀQJDDSUDPSÀQJD
LGKX\U"LYDQ\U"LYD\U"LQGKDSDL\DQ\U"LQGKDSH¼\U"LQGKDPP\U"
LYDQHQWKDPELDYDHQWKDQJDFKFKLLQGKDSDL\DQHQWKDPELLQGKDPPHQDPP
LQGKDSH¼HQXGH\DWKDQJDFKFKLLYDUHQDSSDYDUHQJDPPLYDUHQJDSS
Q¯QJDVXKDP"QQVXKDPGKQDPPVXKDP"DPPURPEDVXKDP
DL\VXKDPLOOH\"PDL\VXKDPLOOHDL\YXPDPPYXPVXKDP"
Q¯QJDHOOUXPQ¯QJHOOUXPVXKDP"QQJDHOOPQQJHOOPVXKDPGKQ
LGKXHQQD"LGKHQQD"LGKXSXVWKDKDP"PLGKXSXVWKDKDPGKQLGKX\U
SXVWKDKDPXQJDSXVWKDKDP"DGKXHQSXVWKDKDPLQGKDSXVWKDKDP\USXVWKDKDP"
LQGKDSXVWKDKDPDYDUSXVWKDKDPPMHPOHQDOODSXVWKDKDPLUXNNXGKXNRQGXYQJD
SDGLQJDQDOODSDGLQJDVDGKGKDPSDGLQJDRUXSGDPSDGLQJDHOOPSDGLNNGKLQJD
LGKXXQJDDUH\"LGKXFKLQQDDUHLGKXURPEDFKLQQDDUHLOOH\"XQJDDUH\HQJH"
HQJHXQJDDUH"DGKXYLGKXY"LQJH\DQJH\"MDQQDOHPÌGXQJDNDGKDYH
WKLUDQJDNRQMDPWKLUDNNGKLQJDMVWKLPÌGGKLQJDNRQMDPPÌGXQJDQDOOD
WKLUDQJDHQSHWWL\HLQJHYDLQJDYHOL\YDLNNGKLQJDLGKDQVYLNRQGXYQJD
LGKXVSDWKULSVGKLQJDVDGKGKDPSVGKLQJDMDVWKLVDGKGKDPVHL\GKLQJD
DQJHSÀQJDDSGLSÀQJDURPEDPHGKXYSVXQJDDYºDYXVDGKGKDPSVGKH
QDQGULSÀLWXYDUQDSUDPYQJDSÀLYQJDWKLUXPEDYQJDSÀLWXYQJD
PDUXSDGL\XPYQJDQºDNNLDQJHYQJDWKLUXPEDWKLUXPEDYQJDQ¯QJDOXP
DPPYXPYQJDQºD¼¼DNNLYDUGKLQJD
LQJHHWKWKDQHQNNOLQJDLUXNNXWKX"P̼XQNNOLLUXNNXWKXQOXQNNOL
LOOH\R¼¼XLQJHYDLQJDUHQGXDQJHNRQGXSÀQJDPVH\XPQNNOL\XP
NRQGXSÀQJDLQJHPVH\XPLOOHQNNOL\XPLOOHLQJHSQLUXNNXGK"LOOHLQJH
SQYXPLOOHSHQFLOXPLOOHLGKXSDÄD\DPVHLQJHVLODQNNOL\XPDQJHDQKD
QNNOL\XPLUXNNXGKXQJDDYDQJDºXGH\DQNNOL\HQJH
38
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
$DNNHOGHUVLVWHU7WKDQJDFKFKL<RXQJHUVLVWHU
$YLPDOVSSGXY¼XPV¯NUDPNRQGXYD
Vimala, I want food. Bring (it) quickly.
7DNNVSSGXLSSRY¼XP"
Sister , do you want food now?
$PNXGLNNDWKD¼¼LNÌGDY¼XP
Yes, (I) want drinking water also.
7LGKÀVSSGXPWKD¼¼L\XPPHGKXYVSSLGDNN
Here are food and water. Eat slowly sister.
$WKDQJDFKFKLDSUDPVLODSDÄDQJDNRQGXYDQ¯NÌGDNRQMDPSONXGL
Sister, bring some fruit later on. You also, drink some milk.
7MVWKLSONRGXNNGKLQJD Don’t give (me) too much milk.
$LYºDYXSONXGLVDUL\" Drink this much milk, alright?
7VDULDNNDYºDYXGKQ Alright sister. That much only.
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39
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 12.
VERBS F,1),1,7,9(6
Infinitives
These are formed by adding ‘a’ and ‘ka’to the roots of weak and strong verbs respectively.
solla (w) to say or tell. nadakka (s) to walk
YDQGNRQGXYDUHH[FHSWLRQV
vara to come konduvara to bring
Vocabulary.
SÌQH cat QL dog
pasu cow idam place, space
W¯ tea NSL coffee
chakkare sugar YH¼¼H butter
uppu salt vellam jaggary
VSSGX meal rotti bread
YÄDSDÄDP plantain (banana)
PLWWL sweets kade shop
sedi (a) plant
VXGDWKD¼¼L hot water
SDFKFKHWKD¼¼L cold water, raw water, (uncooked, unboiled)
40
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences
VDSSGXWKD\UVSSLGDYQJD The meal (is) ready, come to eat.
2. avare konjam irukka sollunga. Tell him to wait a little.
DYDQHYHºL\HQLNNDVROOXQJD Ask him to stand outside.
DYDOHSONXGLNNDNÌSSLGX Call her to drink milk.
NDGH\HSUNNDSÀQJD Go to see (the) shop.
URWWL\XPYH¼¼H\XPNRQGXYQJD Bring (the) bread and butter.
FKDNNDUHNRQGXYDUDSÀQJD Go to bring sugar.
LQGKDYOHVHL\DWKD\ULUXQJD Be ready to do this work.
YHºL\HSÀKDQ¯QJDWKD\U" Are you ready to go out.
PLWWLLUXNNXGK" Are there sweets?
NRQMDPPLWWLNRQGXYDQJD Bring some sweets.
NRQMDPNSL\XPNRQMDPW¯\XPWKD\UVHLQJDV¯NUDP
Prepare some tea and coffee. Quick.
LGKXSDGLNNDSHUL\DSDGDPLOOH\" This is a big lesson to study, is it not?
RUXFKLQQDNDGLGKDPHÄXWKDYQJD Come to write a small letter.
HGKXVÌGDWKD¼¼LHGKXSDFKFKHWKD¼¼L"
Which is hot water, which is cold water?
DGKXSDFKFKHWKD¼¼L\" Is that cold water?
DGKXSDVXQDOOSDVXSDVXYHDGLNNGKLQJD
That is a cow, (a) good cow, do not beat the cow.
LGKXNHWWDQL This is a bad dog.
NHWWDQ\HQDOODGLQJD Beat the bad dog severely.
HQSÌQHDQJHLUXNNXGKX My cat is there.
DGKHLQJHNÌSSLGXQJD Call that here.
PLWWLMVWKLVSSLGGKLQJD Don’t eat much sweets.
LGKXQDOODVSSGX This is a good meal.
-------------------------
41
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
E: Elder Brother Y: Younger Brother.
(WKDPELSDGLNNDSÀ Little brother, go to study.
<VDULDQQQ¯QJDNXGDYQJD Alright big brother, you come too.
(LGKXSDGLNNDQDOODSXVWKDKDP" Is this a good book to study?
<PDQQLGKXYVLNNDQDOODGKX Yes brother, this is good to read.
(HQQHSUNNDDSUDPY Come to see me afterwards.
<QLSSRLOOH" Why not now?
(WKDPELWKLUXPEDWKLUXPEDSVGKH Brother, don’t keep on talking.
XQSGDPWKD\UVHL\DSÀ Go to prepare your lesson.
<VDULDQQSRLWXYDUQ Alright brother, goodbye.
Expansion Drill For Lessons 11 & 12.
LGKXWKÌQJDQDOODLGDP YHºL\HQDGDNNDSÀQJD
LGKXXNNUDQDOODLGDP SXVWKDKDPSDGLNNDSÀQJD
LGKXVSSLGDQDOODLGDP SGDPNNNDSÀQJD
idhu padukka nalla idam. SDGDPSUNNDSÀQJD
LGKXYOHVHL\DQDOODLGDP NDGKDYXWKLUDNNDSÀQJD
LGKXNXºLNNDQDOODLGDP DSSYHNXSSLGDSÀQJD
idhu padikka nalla idam. naiye konduvara pÀnga.
WKDPELYOHVHL\DYQJD DYDUHPHGKXYSVDVROOXQJD
DPPWKDPLÄSDGLNNDYQJD DYDUHWKD¼¼LNRQGXYDUDVROOXQJD
DL\WKDPLÄSVDYQJD DYDQJDºHNDGLGKDPHÄXWKDVROOXQJD
DUHXººHWKÌQJDYQJD DYDQJDºHLGKXHOOPNRQGXSÀKDVROOXQJD
VSSGXVSSLGDYQJD DYDQJDºHLGKXQJD\HOOP\HGXNNDVROOXQJD
XQJDWKRWWDWKHNPLNNDYQJD DQGKDPPYHXNNUDVROOXQJD
DYDQY¯WWHNtta vnga. andhaiyve irukka sollunga.
NXGLNNDWKD¼¼LNRQGXSÀQJD VSSLGDSOXPSDÄDPXPNRQGXYQJD
LSSRQDOOWKÌQJDSÀQJD DSUDP7KDPLÄSDGLNNDYQJD
LGKXYDVLNNDQDOODSGDP DYDQJDWKÀWWDPXPNL¼DUXPSUNNDYQJD
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
42
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 13.
NOUNSAND PERSONAL PRONOUNS, DATIVE CASE &
VERBS, DEFECTIVE.
Nouns, followed by endings to form Dative Case meaning ‘to’ or ‘for’.
‘ukku’ to µXNNKD¶ for
PVH PVHNNX to the table PVHNNKD for the table
Nouns ending in ‘m’, ‘du’ and ‘ru’ are exceptions.
‘m’ and ‘r’ change to ‘thu’. ‘du’ changes to ‘ttu’.
Noun Declensional base Declined form
maram marathu marathukku
Y¯GX Y¯WWX Y¯WWXNNX
UX WKWKX WKWKXNNX
Defective Verbs:-
The following are impersonal verbs. Y¼XP¶ is wanted
SÀGKXP is enough puri to be clear YLºDQJX to be clear.
theri know, see, understand, feel, appear pidi to be liked
They cannot be conjugated like regular verbs, excepting neuter present tense and past
tense and future tense.
7KHVXEMHFWQRXQRUSURQRXQWDNHVGDWLYHFDVHDVLQµHQDNNXY¼XP,ZDQW
-------------------------
43
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
YH¼XP is wanted Y¼P is not wanted
SÀGKXP is enough SÀGKGKX is not enough
theriyum is known WKHUL\GKX is not known
pasi hunger dhayavuseidhu please
innum more, yet innum enna what else?
HOO all (adj) HOOP all things
HOOUXP all persons
Short Sentences
VDSSLGDHOOUXPWKD\U"YQJDXNNUXQJD
Is every one ready to eat? Come, sit.)
XQJDºXNNXHQQDY¼XP"DYDUXNNXNSSLSÀGKXP"
What do you want? Is the coffee enough for him?
DYDºXNNNXSOYQP"XQJDºXNNXW¯Y¼XPNSSLY¼XP"
Does she not want milk? Do you want tea or coffee?
XQJDºXNNXLQQXPHQQDY¼XP" What else do you want?
HQQXNNXW¯LQQXPY¼XP I want more tea.
LQGKDW¯SÀGKGKXLQQXPNRQMDPY¼XPNRQGXYQJD
This tea is not enough, (I) want a little more. Bring (it).
DYDQJDºXNNXLQGKDW¯SÀGKGK"LQQXPY¼XP"
Is this tea not enough for them? Do they want more?
HQJDºXNNXURPEDMVWKLY¼PNRQMDPSÀGKXP
We do not want too much, a little is enough.
LQGKXHQQDXQJDºXNNXWKHUL\XP"GKD\DYXVHLGKXHQQDNNXVROOXQJD
What is this, do you know? Please tell me.
HQQDNNXVROOXQJDDYDUXNNXVROOGKLQJD
Tell me, do not tell him.
LQGKDSGDQJDHOOPSGDQJHOOPXQJDºXNNXWKHUL\XP"
Do you know (or) do you understand all these lessons?)
44
Adi’s Book.
12. enakku HOOSGDQJDºum
WKHUL\GKX
I do not know all the lessons.(* all without exception).
VLODSGDPGKQWKHUL\XPSDODSGDPWKHUL\GKX
I know only a few lessons. Several lessons I do not know.
HOOUXNNXPLGKXWKHUL\GK" Does not everyone know this?
DYDUXNNXURPEDVDGKGKDPVROOXQJD Speak to him very loudly.
Practical Conversation.
M: Mother C: Child.
0VSSGXWKD\ULUXNNXWKXHOOUXPYQJD
Food is ready, come (along) everybody.
&DPPHQDNNXLSSRVSSGXY¼P
Mother, I don’t want food now.
0\QY¼PXQQDNNXSDVLLOOH\"
Why not, are you not hungry?
&PDPPHQQDNNXkonjam kuda pasi ille.
Yes mother, I am not a bit hungry.
0XQDNNXYUXPHQQDYUHQQDY¼XP"
What else do you want?
&HQDNNXNRQMDPGKQVWKDPXPWKD¼¼L\XPY¼XP
I want only a little rice and water
0LYºDYXSÀGKXPLQQXPY¼XP"
Is this enough or do you want (some) more.
&HQDNNXLGKXSÀGKXP This is enough for me.
-------------------------
45
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 13.
LGKX\UXNNXY¼XP" DGKXHQQXNNXY¼P
DGKXHQJDOXNNXY¼XP HGKXXQJDOXNNXY¼XP"
LGKXYXPDGKXYXPQDPDNNXY¼XP \HOOPQDPDNNXY¼P
-------------------------
LQGKDSXVWKDKDPXQDNNXY¼XP" LQGKDSGDPHQJDOXNNXSÀGKXP
LQGKDQNNOLDYDºXNNXY¼XP LQGKDVSSGXHQDNNXSÀGKGKX
LQGKDSÌXQJDSH¼¼XNNXY¼P" LQGKDSOSÌQHNNXSÀGKXP"
DQGKDPVHSDL\DQXNNXY¼P" LQGKDWKD¼¼LQLNNXSÀWKWKX
LQGKDWKD¼¼LDYDQJDºXNNXY¼P" DQGKDNLGKDPDYDUXNNXSÀGKXP"
-------------------------
XQJDºXNNXLQGKDSGDPWKHUL\XP" HQDNNXLQGKDSGDPVDUL\WKHUL\GKX
\HQQDNNXLQGKDSGDPQDOOWKHUL\XP HQJDOXNNXPLQGKDSGDPWKHUL\GKX
XQJDºXNNXLYDUWKHUL\XP" XQJDºXNNXLGKXLQQXPWKHUL\XP"
HQDNNXLYDUVDUL\WKHUL\GKX XQJDºXNNXHQQHWKHUL\GK"
XQJDºXNNXDQGKDDL\QDOOWKHUL\XP" DYDUXNNXSVDWKHUL\GK"
HQQXNNXDQWKDL\URPEDQDOODWKHUL\XP LYDUXNNXGRFWRUWKHUL\GK"
XQJDºXNNXSGDQJDHOOPWKHUL\XP" P¼DYDUXNNXYGK\UHWKHUL\GK"
HQDNNXSGDQJDHOOPNRQMDPWKHUL\XP DYDQJDOXNNXQPHOOUXPWKHUL\GKX
-------------------------
DL\GKD\DYXVHLGKXWKDPLÄSVXQJD HOOUXNNXPYD¼DNNDPVROOXQJD
DPPGKD\DYXVHLGKXLQJHSGXQJD HOOUXNNXPXQJDSGDPNWWXQJD
GKD\DYXVHLGKXQNNOLNRQGXYQJD HOOUH\XPLQJHYDUDVROOXQJD
LSSRGKD\DYXVHLGKXVSSGXNRQGXYQJD HOOUH\XPLQJHNÌSSLGXQJD
GKD\DYXVHLGKXHOOUH\XPVSSLGDNÌSSLGX LGKXQJDHOOWKWKXNNXHYºDYX"
GKD\DYXVHLGKXDYDUHLGKXNOXQJD SHWWLQJDHOOWKWKXNNXPSÌWWXQJD
thambi, ‘dhayavuseidhu’ sollu. VPQHOOWKWKH\XPNUXNNXNRQGXSÀ
thambi, ‘nandri’ kuda sollu. SDÄDQJDHOOWKWKH\XPPVHPOHYDLQJD
dhayavuseidhuvum nandriyum sollu. paiyangalukku pusthahanga kodunga.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
46
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 14.
VERBS, DEFECTIVE (CONTINUED).
Defective Verbs. (follow dative)
puriyuthu is clear, understood. puriyale is not clear, not understood.
YLºDQJXGKX is clear, understood. YLºDQJDOH is not clear, not understood.
Adverbs. (follow dative). (Adverbs are more fully covered in Lesson 17).
PXQQOH before, in front of, ago. SLQQOH after, behind.
-------------------------
Vocabulary
sangadhi matter, news VDPDFKUDP matter, news
kashtam difficulty, problem vile price
YDÄDDGM plantain YÄDSDÄDP plantain (fruit)
NÌGD also, even. -um also, even
YQJXZLQ buy vil (s.thth) sell
kodu (s.thth) give WKZQGK give.
NDWKWKXNNRºZQG learn VROOLNNRºZQG learn
kaththukkodu (s.thth) teach sollikkodu(s.thth) teach
kashtappadu (w.tt) worry, suffer. SÌWWu (n) lock
-------------------------
Short Sentences.
UPDQHQQDVDPDFKFKUDPQDOODVDPDFKFKUDP"
Raman, what news, is it good news.
LOOHQJDLOOHDL\QDOOVDPDFKFKUDPLOOH No, no sir, not good news.
UPDQXNNXLQGKDNLGKDPNRGXQJD Give this letter to Raman.
LQGKDNDGLGKDWKWKHV¯NUDPNRQGXSÀQJD Take this letter quickly.
\DUXQJDWKDPLÄYGK\U"LYDUXQJDºXGH\DYGK\U"
Who is your Tamil teacher? Is he your teacher
DL\WKD\DYXVHLWKXHQDNNXWKDPLÄVROOLNRGXQJD Sir, please teach me Tamil.
XQJDOXNNXHQWKDPLÄQDOOYLODQJXWK" Is my Tamil very clear to you?
47
Adi’s Book.
HQQDNNXMVWKLYLºDQJDOHNRQMDPGKQYLºDQJDWKX
Not very clear to me, (I) only understand a little.
DYDUXNNXWKDPLÄQDOOSXUL\DGKXXQJDºXNNXSXUL\DOH\"
He understands Tamil well, do you not understand?
LQGKDSÌWWXNNXVYLLUXNNXWK"LGKXNNXVYLHQJH"
Is there a key for this lock? Where is the key for this.
HQY¯WWXNNXSLQQOHSHUL\DYÄDPDUDPLUXNNXWKX
There is a big plantain tree behind my house.
HQDNNXSLQQOHYDUGKLQJDHQQDNNXPXQQOHSÀQJD
Don’t come behind me, go in front of me.
PMHNNXPXQOHQNNOLLUXNNXWKX The chair is in front of the table.
VSDWKULNNXSLQQOHRUXWKÀWWDPLUXNNXWKX There is a garden behind the hospital.
(OODUXPDQJHYLºD\GDSÀQJDQ¯NXGDSÀ Everyone go there to play. You go too.
DYDUXNNXSHWWLY¼XPDYDUXNNKDRUXSHWWLYQJXQJD
He wants a box. Buy a box for him.
LGKXHQQDNNKDLOOHDYDUXNNKD This is not for me, (it’s) for him.
LGKX\UXNNKDXQJDWKDPELNN" For whom is this, your little brother?
XQJDSHWWL\HSDWKXUÌENNXYLNNGKLQJD Do not sell your box for ten rupees.
XQJDºukku* pusthaham irukkuWK"
Do you have a book.*(Dative ending = has, have).
\UXNNXSXVWKDKDPLOOH"HOOUXNNXPLUXNNXWK"
Who has no book? (does) everybody have one?
XQJDºXNNXDUHHQJHLUXNNXGKX" Where is the room for you?
XQJDºXNNXHQQDNDVKWDP"XQJDNDVKWDPHQQD" What is your difficulty?
NDVKWDSSDGGKLQJDLGKXSHUL\DNDVKWDPLOOH
Do not worry, this is not a big problem.
LSSRQ¯QJDVÌKDP"QDOOVSSLGXQJD Are you well now? Eat well.
-------------------------
48
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
Between friends, A and B.
$HQQDVDQJKDGLµS" What news (friend, mate)
%\HOOPQDOOVDQJKDGKLGKQ Everything is good (news).
$HQQDNNXNRQMDPNDVKWDPQQVÌKDPLOOH I have some trouble. I am not well.
%DSGL\"HQQDNDVKWDP" Is that so? What trouble?
$HQQDNNXURPEDND¼NDVKWDP I have a lot of eye trouble.
%VDULV¯NUDPND¼GRFWRUHSUXQJD Alright, see an eye doctor quickly.
$SXUL\XGKXGRFWRUSUHQQD" I Understand, what is the doctor’s name?
%DYDUSUGRFWRUUPDQ His name is Doctor Raman.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 14.
HQDNNXSDÄDPXPSOXPNÌGDY¼XP DYDQXNNXURWWL\XPYH¼¼H\XPSÀGKGKX
LQQXPXSSXNRQGXYDUGKLQJD GKD\DYXVHLGKXNRQMDPYHOODPNRQGXYQJD
PXQQOHURWWLNRQGXYQJD DSUDPSDÄDPNRQGXYQJD
Q¯QJDDYDUXNNXPXQQOHXNNUXQJD HOOUXNNXPSLQQOHXNNUGKLQJD
HQY¯WWXNNXPXQQOH\XPSLQQOH\XPPDUDQJDLOOH
DYDUY¯WWXNNXSLQQOHSHUL\DWKÀWWDPLUXNNXGKX HQJDºXNNXPXQQOHQLNNGKLQJD
-------------------------
NDGKDYHQDOOSÌWWXQJD DQGKDSÌWWXNNXLQGKDVYLVDUL\LUXNNXGK"
XQJDSHWWLNNXLQGKDSÌWWXSÀGXQJD SÌWWXNNKDNDGHNNXSÀKGKLQJD
LGKXNNKDNDVKWDPY¼P HOOUXNNXPQDOODGKXVHLQJD
-------------------------
LGKXLQJH\UXNNKDLUXNNXGKX" idhu yennakku, adhu unnakku.
DGKXHOOUXNNXPLOOH\" DGKHXQJDºXNNKDGKQVSSLGXQJD
idhukku yenna vile? LGKXNNX\HYºDYXY¼XP"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
49
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 15.
CARDINAL NUMBERS 10 F$1'7,0(
SDGKLQR¼¼X 11 SDGKLQUX 16
SDQQH¼GX 12 padKLQÄX 17
SDGKLPÌQX 13 padhinettu 18
SDGKLQOX 14 paththombadhu 19
padhinanju 15 irubadhu 20
paththu 10.
irubadhu 20 LUXQÌUX 200
muppadhu 30 PXQQÌUX 300
QSSDGKX 40 QQÌUX 400
ambadhu 50 DLQÌUX 500
UXEDGKX 60 UXQÌUX 600
ÄXEDGKX 70 ÄXQÌUX 700
H¼EDGKX 80 H¼¼ÌUX 800
WKR¼¼ÌUX 90 WKRºº\LUDP 900
QÌUX 100 \LUDP 1000
The Adjective form of ‘paththu’ is ‘baththu’, so we have:-
21 LUXEDWKWKXR¼¼X
22 LUXEDWKWKXUH¼GX
78 yerubaththu ettu etc.
7KH$GMHFWLYHIRUPRIµQÌUX¶LVµQÌWKWKX¶VRZHKDYH
101 QÌWKWKXR¼¼X
102 QÌWKWKXUH¼GX
506 DLQQÌWKWKXUX etc.
7KH$GMHFWLYHIRUPRIµ\LUDP¶LVµ\LUDWKWKX¶VRZHKDYH
925 WKROO\LUDWKWKXLUXbaththanju
1567 \LUDWKWKXDLQÌWKWKXUXEDWKWKX\ÄX
5439 DQM\LUDWKWKXQQÌWKWKXPXSSDWKWKµXRPEDWKX
-------------------------
50
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
NODPH
NODLOH
NODPEDUHNWKOH morning,
VLQJODP
VLQGKDUDP evening, after 4pm.
pahal day time UWKUL
UYX night
nadu mid, middle
naduppahal noon, midday PDGK\QDP afternoon
PD¼LNNX at…o’clock PD¼L bell, gong, hour, o’clock
VDQGKÀVKDP happiness
NXÄDQGKH child P¼DYDU student (incl schoolboys)
(m) (f)
WKÀWWDNNUDQ WKÀWWDNUL gardener
YOHNNUDQ YOHNUL worker, house servant
SONUDQ SONUL milk seller
-------------------------
Short Sentences.
LSSRPD¼LHQQD" What is the time now.
LSSRHQQDPD¼L" What is the time now.
LSSRPD¼LHYºDYX" What is the time now.
LSSRPD¼LHWKWKDQH" What is the time now.
LSSRHWWXPD¼L Now it is 8 o’clock
Q¯QJDLQJHHWWXPD¼LNNXYQJD You come here at 8 o’clock.
SDQQH¼GXPD¼LNNXVSSLGDSÀQJD Go to eat at 12 o’clock.
DGKXNNXPXQQOHSÀKGLQJD Don’t go before that.
XQJDWKÀWWDNNUDQHLQJHNÌSSLGXQJD Call your gardener here.
DSUDPWKÀWWDWKWKXNNDSRQJD,SSRY¼P
Go to the garden afterwards. No need now.
DYDQJDºXNNXYOHNUDQLOOH\" Do they not have a servant?
DYDQJDºXNNXLSSRYOHNUDQLOOH They don’t have a servant now.
DQGKDYOHNUDQXNNXLSSRYOHLOOH That servant has no work now.
51
Adi’s Book.
Q¯Y¯WWXNNXSÀQºDNNLNODPHY you go home. Come tomorrow morning.
LQQDNLVLQJODPDQMXPD¼LNNXYQJD Come at 5 o’clock this evening.
DYDUY¯WWXNNXYOHVHL\DSÀQJD Go to his house to work.
UWKULHWWXPD¼LNNXHQQHSUNNDYQJD Come to see me at 8 o’clock tonight.
UDYXPSDKDOXPYOHVHL\GKLQJD Do not work day and night.
SDKDONRQMDPUWKULNRQMDPYOHVHLQJD Do some work by day, and some by night.
LGKXUWKULNNXY¼XPLWKXUWKULVSSGX
This is wanted for the night.This is night food.
L¼¼DNNLSDKDOVSSGXURPEDQDOODVSSGX
Today’s meal is a very good meal.
-------------------------
Practical Conversation.
V: Visitor S: Village Schoolmaster.
9YD¼DNNDPDL\Q¯QJDGKQLQJHYGK\U"
Greetings sir, are you the teacher here?
6PDL\QQGKDQLQJHYGK\U Yes sir, I am the teacher here.
9LQJHHWKWKDQHNXÄDQGKHQJDSDGLNUQJD" How many children are studying here?
6LQJHDPEDWKXNXÄDQGKHQJDSDGLNUQJD Fifty children are studying here.
9HOOUXPQDOOSDGLNUDQJDO Do they all study well?
6PQJDHOOUXPQDOOSDGLNUQJD Yes sir, they are all studying well.
9QDOODGKXLGKHNNNDHQDNNXURPEDVDQGKÀVKDP
That’s good. I am very happy to hear this.
-------------------------
52
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 15.
RUXUÌENNXQÌUXSDLVH
LSSRPD¼L\HQQD"QOXLOOH\" VDLQJODPDQMXPD¼LNNDPXQHQQHSUXQJD
LOOHVLQJODPYDUGKLQJD PDGK\QDPVDUL\PÌQXPD¼LNNXYQJD
UWKULNNXHQQDVSSGXY¼XP" L¼¼DNNLNODPHVSSGXQDOODVSSGX
LSSRUWKULLOOHSDKDOWKÌQJGKH QOXPD¼LNNXYOHVHLDSUDPY¯WWXNNXSÀ
-------------------------
pathum pathum irubadhu. QSSDGKXPLUXEDGKXPUXEDGKX
ambadhum muppadhum enbadhu. HÄXEDGKXPUXEDGKXPQÌWKXPXSSDGKX
LQJHLUXEDWKXDQMXSUVSSLGXQJD DQGKDDUHNNXSDGKLQHWWXSUSÀQJD
Q¯QJDSDWKXSUXPLQJHXNNUXQJD
-------------------------
VSDWKULNNXQSSDWKXPÌQXQNNOLNRQGXSÀQJD
N¯ÄHPXSSDGKXRPEDGKXSXVWKDKDPNRQGXYQJD
POHSDGKLQUXSXVWKDKDPNRQGXYQJD LQJHHWWXQNNOLYDLQJD
DGKXQJDºXNNXPXQQOHHWWXPVHQJDYDLQJD
L¼¼DNNLHWKWKDQHSUXNNXVSSGXY¼XP"
L¼¼DNNLLUXEDWKXSUXNNXSÀGKXP QºDNNLQSSDGKXRQQXSUXNNXYHQXP
-------------------------
RUXµWXPEOHU¶SOV¯NUDPNRQGXYQJD ELVNÀWKWKXHYºDYXLUXNNXGKX"
SDGKLQOXELVNÀWKWKXGKQLUXNNXGK
QDPDNNX\HOOPSD¼¼HQGXYDÄDSDÄDPSÀGKXP
DYDQJDºXNNXSDWKWKRPEDGKXNDSSXNSSLDQXSSXQJD
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
53
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 16.
VERBS, PRESENT TENSE, POSITIVE.
Firstly, Memorise the following pronouns with the related verb endings,
For ‘weak’ verbs the singular is formed using a medial ‘r’ plus the verb ending,as
GHYHORSHGKHUHZLWKWKHYHUEµSÀ¶
Singular Plural
QQ SÀUQ QP SÀUÀP(excl.)
QQJD SÀUÀP(incl.)
Q¯ SÀUe Q¯QJD SÀUinga
avan SÀUQ
ava SÀU avanga SÀUanga
avar SÀUU
adhu SÀdhu* adhunga SÀdhunga*
*the medial ‘r’ is dropped for neuter singular and plural.
For ‘strong’ verbs the singular is formed using a medial ‘kr’ plus the verb ending,as
developed here with the verb ‘padi’.
Singular Plural
QQ SDGLNUn QP padikrÀP(excl.)
QQJD padikrÀP(incl.)
Q¯ padikre Q¯QJD padikringa
avan padikrQ
ava padikr avanga padikranga
avar padikrU
adhu padikkdhu* adhunga padikkdhunga*
*again, the medial ‘r’ is dropped for neuter singular and plural.
54
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
YWKX duck NÀÄL chicken
NXÄDQGKH child kattadam building
NLGKDPNDGXGKVL letter, paper. idam place, space.
pai bag SL mat
sedi plant kodi vine, creeper
ile leaf YVDO gate
PÌWWH bundle mutte egg
WKÌNNDP sleep(n)
WKÌQJXZLQ sleep(v), lie down SÀGXZWW throw, drop
NXºLVQ bathe (intr) NXºLSDWWXZLQ bathe (tr)
-------------------------
Short Sentences.
YDQJDPPDYQJDHQJHSÀULQJD" Hello, madam, where are youn going?
QDQHQY¯WWXNNXSÀUQVDULSÀLYQJD I amgoing to my house. OK, goodbye.
DYDUHQQDNRQGXYDUU"PXWWHQJDNRQGXYDUU"
What is he bringing? Is he bringing eggs?
XQJDºXNNX\HQQDPXWWHY¼XPNÀÄLPXWWH\YWKXPXWWH\"
What eggs do you want, chicken eggs or duck eggs?
LGKXQDOODSL,QGKDS\HDQJHSÀGXQJD.
Thisis a good mat. Spread this mat there. (idiom).
HQDNNXV¯NUDPVSSGXpÀdunga.
Serve me food, quick! (idiom).
SLPOHHQQDLUXNNXWKXRUXSDL\"SDLNNXOOHSDÄDPLUXNNXWK"
What is on the mat, a.bag?. Are there fruits inside the bag.
SDQWKHWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXNRQGXSÀQJDDQJHYLºD\GX
Take the ball to the garden, play there.
DYDQLSSRQDOODWKÌQJUQUWKULGKQDYDQXNNXWKÌNNDPLOOH
He is sleeping well now. Only last night he had no sleep
55
Adi’s Book.
YHOHNNUDQHQNDGLGKDPNRQGXSÀUDQ The servant is taking my letter.
LQJHNKLGKDPQSÀGULQJD"NDGXGKVLLQJHSÀGGKLQJD
Why are you throwing paper here? Don’t throw paper here.
12. dhayavuseidhu enakku oru kadidham pÀdunga.
Please drop me a line. (idiom)
LQGKDVHGLNNXMVWKLLOHLOOHSÌGKQMVWKLLUXNNXWKX
This plant has not many leaves,it has many flowers.
DQGKDVHGLNNXURPEDWKD¼¼LY¼XP
That plant needs a lot of water.
DGKXQDOODLGKDPLOOHDQGKDLGDWKWKXNNXSÀKGKLQJD
That is not a good place. do not go to that place.
SÌQHQJDDQJHHQQDVHLGKXQJD"
What are the cats doing here?
QDQLSSRXQJDY¯WWXNNXYDUQQ¯QJDHQY¯WWXNNX\HSSRYDULQJD"
I am coming to your house now. When are you coming to my house?
SHUL\DQLPXQQOHÀGXWKXFKLQQDQLDGKXNNXSLQQOHÀGXWKX
A big dog is running ahead. A small dog is running behind it.
LGKXSHUL\DNDWWDGDPLGKXNNXSHUL\DYVDOLUXNNXWKX
This is a big building. It has a big entrance.
\UXNNXNLGKDP\HÄXGKULQJDXQJDPPYXNN"
To whom are you writing a letter, to your mother?
LNDGLGKDP\UNRQGXSÀUQJD"
LLNDGLGKDP\UNRQGXSÀUDGKX"
Who is taking the letter?
*Note: when the number and gender of the subject are not known,
either the 3rd person plural or the neuter singular is used.
-------------------------
56
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
C: Customer F: Fruit Seller.
&LGKXXQJDSDÄDNDGH\"HQQDSDÄDQJDLUXNNXWKX"
Is this your fruit shop? What fruits do you have.
)PQJD\HQNDGHGKQYÄDSDÄDPLUXNNXWKXHYºDYXY¼XP"
Yes madam,it is my shop. I have plantains. How much do you want?
&HQDNNXRUXGD]DQYÄDSDÄDPY¼XPGD]DQHQQDYLOH"
I want one dozen plantains. How much is a dozen?
)RUXGD]DQLUXEDWKXUÌEPP Twenty Rupees a dozen madam.
&DGKXURPEDYLOHSSGD]DQSDWKLQDQMXNNXNRGXSS
7KDW¶VDKLJKSULFH*LYHDGR]HQIRUILIWHHQ¶S
)VDULQJDPPRUXGD]DQSÀWKXP" Alright madam, is a dozen enough?
&SÀWKXPLSSR\HQQDNNXMVWKLY¼P Enough. I don’t want more now.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 16.
QQHQQDVHLUQ" QQLQJHLUXNUQ"
QPHQQDVHLUÀP" QQJDLQJHLUXNUÀP"
Q¯\HQQDVHLUH" Q¯LQJHLUXNU\"
Q¯QJD\HQQDVHLULQJD" Q¯QJDLQJHLUXNULQJDº"
DYDQHQQDVHLUQ" DYDQLQJHLUXNUQ
DYD\HQQDVHLU" DYDLQJHLUXNUº
DYDQJD\HQQDVHLUQJD" DYDQJDLQJHLUXNUQJDº
-------------------------
DYDUXNNXQDOOWKÌNNDP NXÄDQGKHQJDYKDPHQJHSÀUQJD"
DYDUQDOODWKÌQJUU NXÄDQGKHQJDWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXSÀUQJD
DYDUHNXSSLGDLSSRSÀKGLQJD NXÄDQGKHQJDDQJHHQQDVHL\DSÀUQJD"
DYDUPOHWKÌQJUU DYDQJDDQJHSDQGKHYLºD\GDSÀUQJDO"
DYDUSDLPOHWKÌQJUU DYDQJDLSSRWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXYHºL\HÀGUQJD
DYDUXNNXSLQQOHSÌQHWKÌQJDWKX DYDQJD\QDQJHYHºL\HÀGDY¼XP"
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57
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 17.
ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS.
Adjectives.
:RUGVOLNHQDOOJRRGNHWWDEDGDUHDGMHFWLYHVE\QDWXUH
Adjectives can also be formed from abstract nouns,
E\VXIIL[LQJµQD¶RUµXººD¶DVIROORZV
suham health VXKDPQD healthy.
VXKDPXººD healthy.
VDQGKÀVKDP happiness, joy VDQGKÀVKDPQD happy, joyful.
VDQGKÀVKDPXººD happy, joyful.
Adverbs.
:RUGVOLNHPXQGKLEHIRUHPOHDERYHDUHDGYHUEVE\QDWXUH
Adverbs can also be formed from abstract nouns, E\VXIIL[LQJµ¶DVIROORZV
suham health VXKDP healthy.
VDQGKÀVKDP happiness, joy VDQGKÀVKDP happy, joyful.
Vocabulary
GKVDP country naharam city
PK¼DP state, province SDWWD¼DP town
MLOO district JUPDP village
YOÌU Vellore madhurai Madurai, Madura.
ÌU place, large area. NRQMDPNRQMDP gradually
VDQGKÀVKDP happiness PÀVDP badness, evil.
VDQGKÀVKDPQD happy (adj) PÀVDPQD bad, evil (adj).
VDQGKÀVKDP happy (adv) PÀVDP bad, evil (adv)
sulabam ease, easiness varuththam sorrow, sadness.
VXODEDPQD easy (adj) YDUXWKWKDPQD sorrowful (adj)
VXODEDP easy (adv) YDUXWKWKDP sorrowful (adv)
pathi (follows acc) about, regarding varaththappadu(w.tt) feel sorry, regret
kashtappadu (w.tt) be troubled, worry varaththappadu(w.tt) feel sorry, worry
58
Adi’s Book.
Short Sentences.
XQJDWKDPELHQJHLUXNNUUXººHYYHºL\HY"
Where is your brother, inside or outside?
GKD\DYXVHLGKXDYDQHLQJHNRQMDPNÌSSLGXQJD
Please just call him here.
DQGKDNKLGKDWKWKHHQJHNRQGXSÀULQJD" Where are you taking that paper?
LGKH\UXNNXNRQGXYDULQJDHQDNN" To whom are you bringing this, to me?
LSSRQ¯QJDWKDPLÄQDOOSVULQJDº" Are you speaking tamil well now?
LOOHMVWKLLOOHNRQMDPSVUQNRQMDPGKQ
No, not much. I speak a little, only a little.
HGKXXQJDGKVDP"DGKXSHUL\DGKVDP"
Which is your country? I as that a big country?
XQJDGKVDPHQDNNXQDOOWKHUL\XP Your country is well known to me.
HQJDGKVDWKWKHSDWKLXQJDºXNNXQDOODWKHUL\XP"DGKHNNNDHQQDNNXVDQGKÀVKDP
You know about our country well? I am happy to hear it!
QQHQSGDWKWKHVDQGKÀVKDPSDGLNUQ
I am studying my lesson happily.
WKDPLÄSDGLNNDVXODEDPLUXNNXGKXLOOH\"
It’s easy to study Tamil, is it not?
LOOHLOOHWKDPLÄSDGLNNDURPEDNDVKWDPLUXNNXGKX
No, no, it is very difficult to study Tamil.
LGKHVROODHQDNNXYDUXWKDPLUXNNXGKX I am sorry to say this.
LGKHNNNDHQDNNXVDQGKÀVKDPLOOH I am not happy to hear this.
YDUXWKWKDSSDGGKLQJDNRQMDPNRQMDPSDGLQJDDGKXVXODEDPLOOHNDVKWDPXPLOOH
Don’t worry, study little by little. It is neither hard nor easy
FKHQQDLSHUL\DQDKDUDPYOÌUFKLQQDSDWWDQXPLUXNNXGKXQQÌUXNNXSÀUQ
Chennai is a big city, Vellore is a small town. I am going (to my family) home.
WKDPLÄQGXPK¼DWKOHDQKDJUPDQJDLUXNNXWKXLQGKL\HQJDGKVDP
In Tamil Nadu State there are many villages. India is our country.
-------------------------
59
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
E: Employer C: Cook..
(DQWRQ\VSSGXWKD\U" Antony, is the food ready?
&PDL\WKD\UDLUXNNXWKX Yes sir, it is ready.
(\HQDNNXURPEDYOHLUXNNXWKXVDSSDGXV¯NUDPNRQGXYDQJD
I have a lot of work, bring the food quickly.
&VDULQJDLGKÀNRQGXYDUQ Alright sir, here it is look, I am bringing it.
(URWWLYH¼¼HPXWWHNSLSÀWKXP Bread, butter, egg, coffee are enough.
&LSSRXQJDºXNNXVWKDPY¼P" Don’t you want rice now?
(LSSRY¼PDGKHUDWKULNNXVSLGUQ. I don’t want it now. I will eat that tonight.
(Lit: I am eating that for the night).
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 15.
LQGKDSDL\DQVDQGKÀVKDPLUXNNLUQ HQDNNXLGKHSDWKLVDQGKÀVKDP
DQGKDL\YDUXWKWKDPLUXNUU enakku idhe pathi varuththam ille.
QPHOOPVXKDPLUXNUÀP DYDUYOHURPEDPÀVDP
YÄDLOHSUNNDQDOOLUXNNXWKX LQGKDSGDPSDGLNNDNDVKWDP
SHUL\DSDL\DQPÀVDPLUXNUQ DYDQJDLSSRVXKDPGKQ
SGDQJDHOOPVXODEDPLUXNNXWKXQJD tKDPLÄSVDURPEDVXODEDPLOOH\"
VLODSGDQJDGKQNDVKWDPLUXNNXWKX DQJHMDVWKLVDGKGKDPVDGKGKDPSVDGKH
-------------------------
HQJDJUPDPXQJDºXNNXWKHUL\XP" HQJDJUPDWKWKHSDWKLWKHUL\XP"
LSSRQQHQJUPDWKWKHSDWKLVROUQ XQJDÌUHSDWKi apram sollunga.
JUPDWKWKXNNXººHRUXNL¼DUXLUXNNXGKX DGKXURPEDSHUL\DSDÄD\DNL¼DUX
NLQDWKWKXWKD¼¼LNXGLNNDQDOODWKX HOOUXPLQGKDWKD¼¼L\HNRQGXSÀUDQJD
DQJHSDODFKLQQDY¯GXQJDLUXNNXGKX VLODSHUL\DY¯GXNXGDLUXNNXGKX
HQJUPDWKWKXNNXSUµNXSSDP¶ HQJUPDWKWKXSUXQJDºXNNXWKHUL\WK"
-------------------------
HQY¯WWXNNXHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXYDULQJD" XQJDY¯WWXNNXVDUL\QOXPD¼LNNXYDUQ
GKD\DYXVHLWKXYDUDPDUDQWKXSÀKGKLQJD VDULQQL¼¼DNNLQOXPD¼LNNXYDUQ
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60
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 18.
POST POSITIONS.
There are no prepositions in Tamil, but base endings and Post-Positions are used instead.
These postpositions follow nouns and pronouns and the preceding nouns and pronouns
have various case endings, as given below. Some postpositions are used as adverbs.
Postposition Meaning Preceding Case
varekkum upto, as far as )
varelum upto, as far as ) Nominative.
mattum upto, as far as )
suththi around )
paththi about, concerning )
thavira except, besides ) Accusative.
SÀOD like,such as )
kondu by means of )
PXQQOH before, in front of )
mundhi before, in front of )
SLQQOH after, behind ) Dative
pindhi after, behind )
apram after. )
N¯ÄH down, under, beneath ,below )
POH up, over, above, on )
kitta near ) (Declensional Base)
YDÄL\ by way of, via, (through) )
PXODP through, (between) )
Vocabulary
YUWKWKH word YN\DP sentence
arththam meaning kari meat
idadhu left (side) valadhu right (side)
QUD straight pakkam side, direction
YDÄL way suththi around
61
Adi’s Book.
sowkyam good health VRZN\DP healthy(adv)
suham good health VXKDPQD healthy(adj)
sudhdham cleanliness VXGKGKDP clean
sudhdham sei clean (w.dh) LSSRHOOPLSSROOP nowadays
NWKWKX wind, breeze, air, veyyil sun, heat (weather)
PDÄH rain (noun) PDÄHSHL rain (verb)
Short Sentences.
L¼¼DNNLHSGLLUXNULQJD"VXKDPLUXNULQJDº"
How are you today? are you well?
PQQVRZN\DPLUXNUQQ¯QJDºXPVRZN\DP"
Yes, I am well. are you also well?
LGKHSDWKWKLXQJDºDNNXWKHUL\XP"HQQDNNXVROXQJD
Do you know about this? Tell me.
HQDNNXDGKHSDWKWKLMDVWKLWKHUL\GKX I do not know much about that.
HQDNNXHOOPWKHUL\XPQQDSUDPVROUQ
I know everything. I will tell (you) afterwards.
HQGKDSDNNDPSÀULQJD"DQGKDSDNNDP"
Which way are you going? That way?
QDQGKDSDNNDPSÀULQJD"DGKXQDOODYDÄLLOOH
Why are you going that way? That is not a good way.
LGDGKXSDNNDPSÀQJDYDODGKXSDNNDPSÀKGLQJD
Go to the left. Do not go to the right.
LGKHWKDYLUDLQQXPWKHUL\XP" Do you know more besides this.
HQQHWKDYLUDHOOUXPYLºD\GKUQJD All except me are playing.
HSSRNXºLNNDSÀULQJDLSSRYDSUDP"
When are you going to bathe, now or later?
12. maraththe suththi jasthi sediyum kodiyum irukkudhu.
There are many plants and vines around the tree.
WKÀWWDNNUDQWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXQUDSÀUQ
The gardener is going straight to the garden.
62
Adi’s Book.
\QHÄXQGKLUXNULQJD"QHQGKLUXNULQJD"QDOOWKÌQJXQJD
Why are you getting up? Why are you getting up? Sleep well.
XQJDSDGDQJDºHPDUDNNGKLQJD Don’t forget ypur lessons.
Q¯QJDLSSRQDOOQDGDNNULQJD You are walking well now.
\UHNXSLGULQJDHQQH\DYDUH\" Who are you calling, him or me?
Q\XPSÌQH\XPYKDPHQJHÀGXGKXQJD"
Where are the dog and cat running?
QPDGKHLSSRSUNNDSÀUÀP We are going to see that now.
DYDQLSSROOPPHGKXYDYOHVHLUQ He works slowly nowadays.
HQQDNNXLGKHSÀODRUXQLY¼XP I want a dog like this one.
22. adhu kayithe kondu kattunga. Tie that with string.
Practical Conversation.
C: Customer M: Meat Man.
&LQJHY¶SSHQQDNDULLUXNNXWKX" Come here ‘pa. What meat do you have?
0WWXNDULLUXNNXWKX I have mutton.
&PWWXNDULLOOH\" No beef?
0LOOHQJDPWWXNDULQºDNNLNR¼GXYDUQ No, I am bringing (will bring) beef tomorrow.
&HQQDNNXVXGKGKDPQDQDOONDULY¼XP I want good clean meat.
0VDULQJDµPQºDNNLNOHOHÄXPD¼LNNXNR¼GXYDUQ
Alright madam, I am bringing (will bring it) tomorrow morning at 7 o’clock.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 18.
WKDPELLQJHY PVHNLWWDSÀPVHYDUHNNXPSÀQJD
LQGKDSXVWKDKDWKWKHPVHPOHYDL PHVHNNXPOHRUXSDGDPLUXNNXWKX
PVH\HVXWKWKLQNNOLQJDLUXNNXWKX PVHNNXPXQQOHNÌGDQNNOLLUXNNXWKX
PVHNNXSLQQOHQOXQNNOLQJDLUXNNXWKX PVH\HSDWKWKLDSUDPSVUQ
PVHSDNNDPSÀKGKLQJD PVH\HWKDYLUDLQJHR¼¼XPLOOH
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63
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 19.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS F/2&$7,9(&$6(
Locative Case.
‘le’ suffixed to nouns expresses locations, ‘at’ or ‘in’.
VSDWKUL hospital VSDWKULOH at the hospital, in the hospital.
Exceptions.
Nouns ending in ‘m’ ‘du’ ‘ru’,
change to ‘th’ ‘tt’ ‘th’, respectively,
before ‘le’ is added. Thus we have:-
Noun. Locative Case.
maram tree marathle in the tree.
Y¯GX house Y¯WWOH in the house.
NL¼DUX well NL¼DWKOH in the well.
Vocabulary
Q but kadetheru bazaar.
mail mile NO stone, milestone.
GKÌUDP distance kilometer kilometre
NÀYLO temple, church vali pain
SDººLNÌGDP school vali edu (s.thth) feel pain.
Short Sentences.
Y¯WWOHXQJDDSSLUXNUU"HQQDVHLUU Is your father at home? What is he doing?
DYDULSSRLQJHLOOHVSDWKULOHYOHVHLUU
He is not here now. he is working at the hospital.
LSSROPDYDUURPEDYOHVHLUDU He is working a lot these days.
PVHOHHQSXVWKDKDQJDLUXNNXGK" Are my books in the table (drawer)?
LOOHXQJDSXVWKDKDQJDPVHOHLOOHSHWWLOHLUXNNXGKX
No, your books are not in the drawer. They are in the box.
HQJDÌUWKOHURPEDNRQMDPWKD¼¼LGKQLUXNNXGKX
There is only very little water in the river of our place.
64
Adi’s Book.
WKÀWWDWKOHWKÀWWDNNUDQYOHVHLUQ The gardener is working in the garden.
SDººLNÌGDWKOHSDL\DQJDSGDQJDSDGLNNUQJD
The boys are studying lessons in the school.
LQGKDSXVWKDKDWKOHHWKWKDQHSGDQJDLUXNNXGKX"
How many lessons are there in this book?
DQWKDSXVWKDKDWKOHLUXEDWKXSGDQJDLUXNNXGKX
There are 20 lessons in that book.
11. en kaileLSSRMDVWKLSD¼DPille. I do not have much money now. (idiom).
\HQGKDNDGHOHYÄDSDÄDPYLNNXGKX" At which shop are plantains sold?
13. arele \U\ULUXNUQJD" Who are in the room. (‘who-all’, idiom).
14. idhule enna enna irukkudhu? What is in this. (‘what-all’, idiom).
15. vali enge yedukkudhu? vali yenge? Where does it hurt? Where is the pain.
16. ennakku vayithle jasthi vali edukkudhu. I have much pain in the stomach.
PUOHURPEDYDOLHGXNNXGK" Isthere much pain in the chest?
LQGKDSGDWKOHNDVKWDPQDYUWKHQJDLOOH
There are no difficult words in this lesson.
DQGKDNL¼DWKOHWKD¼¼LLUXNNXGK" Is there water in that well?
UWKULOHQYOHVHLULQJD" Why are you working in the night?
XQJDºXNNXNSLOHFKDNNDUHY¼XP" Do you want sugar in your coffee?
Practical Conversation.
C: Customer A; Autorickshaw Man.
&QQNDGHWKHUXNNXSÀKDY¼XP I want to go to the bazaar.
$YQJDWÀOHXNNUXQJD Come on sir, sit in the auto.
&NDGHWKHUXNNXSÀKDHYºDYXSD¼DPY¼XP"
How much money (do you) want, to go to the bazaar?
$SDWKXUÌENRGXQJDSÀWKXP Give ten Rupees, (it’s) enough.
&NDGHWKHUXHQJH"DWKXURPEDGKÌUDP" Where is the bazaar? Is it a long way?
$WKHUL\XPDL\DGKXRUXN\HPRUXPDLOLOOHDGKXURPEDGKÌUDPLOOHQNLWWDYXPLOOH
I know, sir. It is one km, Not one mile. It’s not very far, but it’s not near either!
-------------------------
65
Adi’s Book.
NDGHOHL¼¼DNNLMDVWKLVPQLOOH QºDNNLNÀYLOOHHQQHSUXQJD
NDGHOHLSSRNDGHNUDULOOH HQQDNNXDVSDWKULOHPDGK\QDPYOHLOOH
HQJDWKÀWWDWKOHRUXNL¼DUXLUXNNXGKX SDººLNÌGDWKOHSDL\DQJDLOOH
NL¼DWKOHWKD¼¼LURPEDN¯ÄHLUXNNXGKX XQJDÌUWKOHWKD¼¼LLUXNNXGK"
LOOHQJDHQJDNL¼DWKOHNXGDWKD¼¼LLOOH QDPDNNHOOPLQGKDÌUOHWKD¼¼LLOOH
HQJDÌUOHDSSDPPD¼¼DQWKDPELQJDDNNWKDQJDFKFKLQJDHOOUXPLUXNUQJD
LQGKDSXVWKDKDWKOHVXODEDPQDSGDPXPNDVKWDPQDSGDPXPLUXNNXGKX
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66
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 20.
POST-POSITIONS F&217,18('
‘idam’ or ‘idaththukku’, suffixed to the declensional bases of pronouns,
are used to express ‘to’ (in motion).
This form is used for verbs such as ‘go’, ‘come’, ‘bring’, and ‘take’,
e.g.:-
HQQLGDPDGKHNRQGXYDUGLQJD Do not bring that to me.
DYDULGDWKWKXNNXLSSRSÀKGLQJD Do not go to him now.
This is interchangable with the Dative Case in some places, where the verbs are not in
motion, as in:-
HQQLGDPDQGKDSQDYHNRGXQJD Give that pen to me.
-------------------------
Vocabulary
WKDSO post WKDSOS¯V post office
WKDSONUDQ postman
eppovum always sila samayam sometimes
RUXYOH perhaps adikkadi often
VGKUDQDP usually, normally. vDÄDNNDP usually, normally.
-------------------------
XQJDSXVWKDKDWKHHQNLWWDNRQGXYQJDXQJDSXVWKDKDWKHHQQLGDPNRQGXYQJD
Bring your book to me. or Bring your book near me.
DYDQLGDPDGKHNRQGXSÀKGKLQJD Don’t take that to him.
HQXGH\DWKDPELNÌGDHQQHSÀODLUXNUQ My little brother is also like me.
QPHOOPSQYHNRQGXHÄXGKUÀP All of us write with a pen.
DYDQJDLQWKDYDÄL\HQJHSÀUQJD Where are they going through this way?
Q¯QJDLQGKDYDÄL\NÀYLOOXNNXSÀULQJD You are going to the church by this way.
NÀYLOHQJDY¯WWXNNXNLWWDLUXNNXGKX The temple (church) is near our house.
67
Adi’s Book.
VSDWKULDYDUXGH\DY¯WWXNNXURPEDGKÌUDPLUXNNXGKX
The hospital is far away from his house.
XQJDJUPDPHYºDYXGKÌUDP"DGKHNLWWDYGKÌUDP"
How far is your village? Near or far?
MDQQDOPÌODP\UHSUNULQJD" Who are you seeing through the window?
LQGKDNDGLGKDWKHPQLNNDPPÌODPDQXSSXQJD
Send this letter through Manikkam.
WKDSONDUDQHQQDNRQGXYDUQ" What does the postman bring?
WKDSONDUDQQDPDNNXWKDSONRQGXYDUQ
The postman is bringing us the post.
Q¯QJDDGLNNDGLWKDSOS¯VXNNXSÀULQJDO"
Do you often go to the post office?
LOOHQQVLODVDPD\DPGKQSÀUQ No, I go there only sometimes.
HSSRYXPQDOOYOHVHLQJDDSUDPQDOOVSSLGXQJD
Always work well. Then eat well.
QQDGLNNDGLNÀYLOOXNNXSÀUQQ¯QJDHSGL
I often go to church, how about you?
Q¯QJDHSSRYXPWKDPLÄSVXQJDHQJOLVKSVGKLQJD
Always speak Tamil. Do not speak English.
VLODVDPD\DPNRQMDPHQJOLVKSVXQJD Sometimes speak a little English.
HQQDNNXLGKHSÀODRUXSXVWKDKDPY¼XP
I want a book like this.
DYDULGDWKWKXNNXLSSRSÀKGKLQJDQODNNLHQQLGDPYQJD
Don’t go to him now. Come to me tomorrow.
22. ennidam andha nalla pusthaham ille. I don’t have that good book with me.
QQVXKDPLOOHGRFWRULGDPSÀUQ I am not well, I am going to the doctor.
HQQLGDPDQGKDSQYHNRGXQJD Give that pen to me.
LSSRPDÄHSHLGKXNXGHNRQGXSÀQJD It is raining now. Take an umbrella.
-------------------------
68
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
D: Driver, V: Villager.
'DL\LQJHYQJDFKHQQDLNNXHQGKDSDNNDPSÀKDY¼XP"
Sir, come here. Which way should iI go to Chennai?
9PXQQOHQHUDSÀQJDDSUDPLGDWKXSDNNDPWKLUXPEXQJD
Go straight first, then turn left.
'FKHQQDLHYDºDYXGKÌUDP" How far is Chennai?
9FKHQQDLQXWKXSDWKXNLORPHWDUGKÌUDP Chennai is110 kilometers distance.
'HQGKDÌUYDÄL\FKHQQDLNNXSÀUÀP" Through which town do we go toChennai?
9NQMLSÌUDPYDÄL\SÀUÀP We go via Kanjipuram.
'YDÄLOHLQQXPHQQDÌUXQJDYDUXGKX" What other places are on the way?
9UNGXPVULSHUXPSXGÌUXPYDÄLOHYDUXGKX
Arcot and Sriperumbudur are on the way.
-------------------------
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 20.
LQGKDSQYHSÀODRUXQDOODSQYQJX XQJDQLHQQ\HSÀODLUXNNXGKX
XQJDºXNNXLGKHSÀODY¼XP" HQQDNNXLSSRDGKHSÀODSÀGKXP
DYDUXNNXPXKDP\USÀODLUXNNXGKX" HQXGH\DNXÄDQGKHQJDHQQHSÀODLUXNNXGKX
LQGKDWKWKXYDÄL\FUOHSÀKGKLQJD XQJDWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXYDÄL\Y¯WWXNNXSÀUQ
HQJDY¯WWXYDÄL\NÀYLOOXNNXSÀQJD
Q¯QJDOWKDSOS¯VYDÄL\SÀULQJDO" QQHSSRYXPWKDSOS¯VYDÄL\SÀUQ
PVLODVDPD\DPDQGKDSDNNDPSÀUQ DGLNNDGLDQGKDYDÄL\VSDWKULNNXSÀUQ
XQJDºXGH\DÌUHYºDYXGKÌUDP" XQÌUGKÌUDPNLWWDY"
HQÌUNLWWDLOOHDGKXURPEDGKÌUDP XQJDÌUHGKXDGKXYOÌUUQL\"
L¼¼DNNLHQQDNNXWKDSOLOOH\" L¼¼DNNLXQJDºXNNXR¼¼XPLlle.
WKDSOHQJHNRQGXSÀUQJD"
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69
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 21.
VERBS, FUTURE POSITIVE, AND
ORDINAL NUMBERS.
Verbs, Future Positive.
For Weak Verbs.
Root plus ‘v’ plus verbal endings, except neuter sngular and plural.
QQSÀYQ I will go QQJDSÀYÀP we will go
Q¯SÀYH you will go Q¯QJDSÀYLQJD you will go
DYDQSÀYQ he will go DYDQJDSÀYQJD they will go
DYDSÀY she will go
DYDUSÀYU he/she will go
But for neuter, Root plus ‘vum’ plus verbal endings
DWKXSÀYXP it will go DGKXQJDSÀYXP they will go
For Strong Verbs.
Root plus ‘pp’ plus verbal endings, except neuter sngular and plural.
QQDGLSSQ I will strike QQJDDGLSSÀP we will strike
Q¯DGLSSH you will strike Q¯QJDDGLSSLQJD you will strike
DYDQDGLSSQ he will strike DYDQJDDGLSSQJD they will strike
DYDDGLSS she will strike
DYDUDGLSSU he/she will strike
But for neuter, Root plus ‘kkum’ plus verbal endings
athu adikkum it will strike adhunga adikkum
Ordinal Numbers.
WKHVHDUHIRUPHGE\VXIIL[LQJµP¶RUµYDGKX¶WRWKH&DUGLQDO1XPEHUV
R¼¼X one R¼¼PR¼¼YDGKX first
UH¼GX two UH¼GPUH¼GYDGKX second
paththu ten SDWKWKPSDWKWKYDWKX tenth
SDQQH¼GX twelve SDQQH¼GPSDQQH¼GYDGKX twelfth
-------------------------
70
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary.
NLÄDPH day of the week QOGKLQDP dayof the month
QLWKWKXNLÄDPH Sunday QOGKÀUXP daily
WKLQJDNLÄDPH Monday GKLQDQGKÀUXP daily
VHYYNLÄDPH Tuesday YUDP week
EXGKDQNLÄDPH Wednesday YUDPGKÀUXP weekly
Y\ÄDNLÄDPH Thursday PVDP month
YHººLNLÄDPH Friday PVDPGKÀUXP monthly
VDQLNLÄDPH Saturday varusham year
WKGL date YDUXVKDPGKÀUXP yearly, annually
PXGKDORQQP first kadasi last
QWKWKX yesterday mundhQO the day before yesterday
QºDNNL tomorrow QODQQDNNL the day after tomorrow
SÀQD last, previous (time) aduththa next
VQKLGKDU friend theru street
badhil reply, answer(n) badhil sol reply, answer(w.n)
NWKWKLUX wait thirumbu return(w.in)
-------------------------
Sentences.
L¼¼DNNLHQQDNLÄDPHLGKXVDQLNLÄDPH\"
What day is it today, is it Saturday?
PQHWKXYHººLNLÄDPHPXQGKQºY\ÄDNLÄDPHQºDNNLHQQ"
Yes, yesterday was Friday, the day before yesterday Thursday, what’s tomorrow.
QºDNNLWKLQJDNLÄDPHLOOHQJDQºDNNLQLWKWKXNLÄDPHLOOH\"
Tomorrow(‘s) Monday. No, no, tomorrow (‘s) Sunday, isn’t it?
DWKXVDULGKQRUXYUDWKOHHWKWKDQHQODQJDLUXNNXGKXWKHUL\XP"
That’s right. how many days are in one week, do you know?
RUXYUDWKOHÄXQORUXYDUXVKDWKWKXNNXPÌQÌWKWKXNNXPOHLUXNNXP
Seven days in one week, in one year there will be more than three hundred.
71
Adi’s Book.
DGKXVDULPÌQÌWKXUXSDWKXDQMXQORUXYDUDVKDWKOHLUXNNXWKX
That’s right, there are 365 days in one year.
Q¯QJDYUDWKOHHWKWKDQHQOYOHVHLULQJD" How many days are you working in a week?
L¼¼DNLWKGLHQQDLGKXSDWKWKPWKGLLOOH\"
What is today’s date, it’s the 10th, isn’t it?
WKGLHQQDNNXWKHUL\DGKXQ¯QJDQOGKÀUXPµHQQDWKGL¶NNULQJD
I don’t know the date, you ask ‘what’s the date’ every day.
LQQDNNLHQDPPYXPDSSYXPÀVÌULOLUXQGKXYDUDQJD
Today my mother and father are coming from Hosur.
LUXEDWKPWKGL\UYDUDQJD" Who is coming on the 20th?
DQQDNLSDQQH¼GXSUYDUDYDQJD That day 12 people are coming.
QQQºDNNLFKHQQDLNNXSÀYQQ¯QJDºXPYDUDYLQJDO"
I will go to Chennai tomorrow. Will you come too?
QPQLWKWKXNLÄDPHNÀYLOXNNXSÀYRP
We will go to church on Sunday.
DQGKDQLXQQHNDGLNNXPDGKDQNLWWDSÀKGH
That dog will bite you, don’t go near it.
LQGKDSÌQHHQNOHVXWKWKLÀGXWKX
This cat is running round my feet.
VLODVDPD\DPHQQLNÌGDDSGLVHL\XP Sometimes my dog does that.
HQJDYOHNUDQYHOHVHL\DGKLQDQGKÀUXPYDUXYQDYDQQOGKÀUDPLQJHLUXNUQ
Our servant will come daily to work. He is here every day.
QQJDDYDQXNNXPVDPGKÀUXPSD¼DPNRGXSSÀP
We give him money every month.
QQSÀQDYUDPYOÌUOHLOOH I was not in Vellore last week.
DGXWKWKDEXWKDQNLÄDPHYQJD Come next Wednesday.
DGXWKWKDYDUXVKDPPUFKPVDPPÌQPWKGLWKLUXPEXQJD
Return next year on the third of March.
VHULDSGLGKQVHLYQSÀLWXYDUQ Alright, I’ll do that. Goodbye.
-------------------------
72
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
Sending a message to a friend.
M: Master, S: Servant.
0XQQDNNXRUXNDGLGKDPNRGXSSQDGKXHQVQKLGKDUY¯WWXNNXNRQGXSÀ
I will give you a letter. Take it to my friend’s house.
6DSGL\VHLYQDYDUEDGKLOY¼XP" I will do so. Do you want his answer?
0PDYDUEDGKLOY¼XPS¯VXNNXHWWXPD¼LNNXSÀYDUDGKXNNXPXQQOHSÀ
Yes, I want his reply. He will go to the office at eight o’clock. You go before that.
6DYDUY¯GXHQJHLUXNNXWKX"GKD\DYXVHLGKXHQQDNNXNWWXYLQJDO"
Where is his house? Will you please show me?
0DGKXWKWKDWKHUXOHNÀYLOXNNXSLQQOHLUXNNXWKX
It is in the next street behind the temple.
S. saringa, ippo ennakku theriyum. Alright sir, now I know.
0QQXQQDNNKDNWKWKLUXSSQV¯NUDPY I will wait for you. Come quick!
6LSSRYÀGXYQURPEDV¯NUDPWKLUXPEDYQ
I will run right now. I will return very soon.
-------------------------
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 21.
QQLQJHVSSLGXYQ QQDGKHSDGLSSQ
QPLQJHVSSLGXYÀP QPDGKHSDGLSSÀP
Q¯LQJHVSSLGXYH Q¯DGKHSDGLSSH
Q¯QJDLQJHVSSLGXYLQJD Q¯QJDDGKHSDGLSSLQJD
DYDQLQJHVSSLGXYQ DYDQDGKHSDGLSSQ
DYDLQJHVSSLGXY DYDDGKHSDGLSS
DYDULQJHVSSLGXYU DYDUDGKHSDGLSSU
DYDQJDLQJHVSSLGXYQJD DYDQJDDGKHSDGLSSQJD
DGKXLQJHVSSLGXP adhu adhe padikkum
DGKXQJDLQJHVSSLGXP adhunga adhe padikkum
Note:- Substitute µWKXQJX¶DQGµHÄXWKX¶ IRUµVSSLGX¶
and ‘kudi’ and ‘adi’ for ‘padi’.
73
Adi’s Book.
GLQDQGKÀUXPNOHOHHQGKLULSSQ
YUDPGKÀUXPDYDUNÀYLOOXNNXSÀYDU
PVDPGKÀUXPQQFKHQQDLNNXSÀYQ
YDUXVKDPGKÀUXPDYDQJDHQQDNNXSXVWKDKDWKHDQXSSXYQJD
LQGKDYUDPY¯WWOHLUXSSQ
DGXWKWKDYUDPYOHNNXSÀYQ
SÀQDYUDPQQLQJHLOOH
DGXWKWKDPVDPPXWKDOYUDPEDQJDOÌUOHLUXSSQ
LQGKDPVDPNDGDVLYUDPLQJHWKLUXPEXYQ
QLWKWKXNNLÄDPHYUDWKOHPXWKDOQO
VDQLNLÄDPHYUDWKOHNDGDVLQO
YDUXVKDWKOHMDQDYDU\PVDPRQQPPVDP
YDUXVKDWKOHGHVHPEDUPVDPNDGDVLPVDP
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
74
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 22.
VERBS, PRESENT AND PAST NEGATIVES,
AND POTENTIAL FORM.
Present & Past Negatives.
infinitive plue ‘le’ irrespective of number, gender and person.
SÀKDOHRUQQSÀKDOH I do not go, or I did not go.
NXGLNNDOHQQNXGLNNDOH I do not drink, or I did not drink.
-------------------------
Potential Form-‘may’. (Permission).
LQILQLWLYHSOXHµOP¶LUUHVSHFWLYHRIQXPEHUJHQGHUDQGSHUVRQ
Q¯QJDSÀKDOP you may go.
Vocabulary
DGKDQOH therefore QLQQ because
DSGL\ just like that DSGL\" really? is that so?
DYºDYXGKQ that is all DSGLGKQ that’s it
PDWWXPGKQ only. DQJHGKQ only there
PWKUXP only. sudu hot (to touch)
purukkam sultry, humid NXºLUFKFKL cool, coolness, cold
nadu(s.tt) plant. ishtam, piriyam liking (follows Dative)
pidi(s.thth) catch, but idiomatically also used for these other meanings:-
pidikkum is liked SLGLNNGKX is not liked
these follow the dative case, such as in
idhe ennakku pidikkum I like this.
DGKHHQQDNNXSLGLNNGKX I don’t like that.
Short Sentences.
L¼¼DNNLDYDUXNNXVÌKDPLOOHDGKDQOHDYDULQJHYDUDOH
He is not well today, therefore he did not come here.
DYDUL¼¼DNNLLQJHYDUDOHQLQQDYDUXNNXVRZN\DPLOOH
He has not come here today because he is not well.
75
Adi’s Book.
Q¯QJDPWKUXPNÀYLOXNNXSRULQJDO Are you alone going to the temple?
LQQXP\UDQJHSÀYDQJD" Who else will go there?
QQLSSRVSSLGDOHDSUDPVSSLGXYQ I am not eating now, I will eat afterwards.
DYDQJDQºDNNLHQJDY¯WWOHVSSLGDOP They may eat in our house tomorrow.
QQJDLSSRY¯WWXNNXSÀKDOP" May we go home now?
QQLQQDNNLNDGHNNXYDUDOHQ¯QJDPWKUXPSÀKDOP
I am not coming to the shop today, you may go by yourself.
QQQLSGLXUXNUQ"QLQQQQUWKULQDOODWKÌQJDOH
Why am I like this? Because I did not sleep well last night.
LQGKDNDGLGKDPHQWKDPELUXGKDOH My little brother did not write this letter.
Q¯QJDPDWWXPNDGLGDWKHSDGLNNDOP Only you may read the letter.
DSGL\"DSSRDGKHQQPWKUXPSDGLSSQ
Really? Then I shall read it by myself.
DSGLGKQDSGLGKQDGKHPDUXSDGL\XPVROOXQJD
That’s it, that’s it, say that again.
XQJDºXNNXHGKXLVKWDPNSSL\W¯\" Which do you like, coffee or tea?
XQJDºXNNXHGKXURPEDSLGLNNXPNRÄL\WWXNDUL\"
Which do you like most, chicken or mutton?
DYDUXNNXVWKDPSLUL\GKXURWWLGKQSLUL\DP
He does not like rice, he likes only bread.
XQJDHOOUXNNXPLQJHVSSLGDLVKWDP" Do all of you like to eat here?
QDPHOOUXPDSUDPVSSLGDOP All of us may eat afterwards.
XQJDYOHDYODYXGKQLSSRSÀKDOP That’s all of your work, you may go now.
QQPDGKXUDLNNXSÀUQDGKDQOHQºDNNLSGDPLOOH
I am going to Madurai, so there is no lesson tomorrow.
QQºD¼¼DNLQQLQJHLUXSSQ But I shall be here the day after tomorrow.
L¼¼DNLSDººLNÌGDPLUXNNXGKXQQºDNNLLOOH
Today there is school, but not tomorrow.
DSGL\"VDULLQQDNNLSDººLNÌGDWKWKXNNXSÀUQ
Is that so? Okay, I shall go to school today.
76
Adi’s Book.
Q¯QJDLQGKDWKD¼¼L\HNXGLNNDOPLGKXQDOODWKD¼¼L
You can drink this water, this is good water.
Q¯QJDPWKUXPV¯NUDPQDGDNNDOH You only are not walking briskly.
XQJDW¯HSGLXQJDºXNNXLVKWDPSDOY¼XPY¼PVXGDSOYQXP"
How do you like your tea, do you want milk or not? Do you want hot milk?
Practical Conversation.
P: ponnamma S: Shanti.
3QPYHºL\HYLºD\GDSÀKDOP" May we go out to play.
6LOOHSRQQDPPHQQDNNXQUDPLOOHQQLQQDNLYDUDOH
No ponnamma, I have no time. I am not coming today.
3QWKXPDÄHSHL\DOHDGKDQOHYLºD\GDURPEDQDOODLUXQGDGKX
Yesterday it did not rain, so it was very good to play.
6DGKXVHULGKQQL¼¼DNNLURPEDYH\\LOLOOH\"
That’s right, but today it is very hot, isn’t it?
3PURPEDYH\\LOGKQ\HQQDVHL\DOP"
Yes, very hot. What can be done?!
6LGKXYH\\LONODPDSGLGKQLUXNNXP This is summer. It will be like that.
3VLQJODWKOHNRQMDPNXºLUFKFKL\LUXNNXGKXQLQQDSSRNWKXDGLNNXGKX
It’s a bit cool in the evening, because it’s breezy then.
6UWKULURPEDSXUXNNDPLUXNNXGKXQLQQNWKXDSSRNRQMDPNÌGDLOOH
It is sultry at night, because then there is no breeze at all.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 15.
DYDULQJHVLODVDPD\DPYOHVHL\YDUU QDYDUQWKXYDUDOHQHQDNNX
WKHUL\GKX DYDUXNNXURPEDWKDOHYDOLDGKDQOHDYDUYOHNNXYDUDOH
DYDQJDPDUDWKWKXNNXN¯ÄHLUXNUQJDQLQQURPEDYH\\LOLUXNNXGKX
QQLGKHSDWKWKLNNNDOHQ¯QJDLGKHDSUDPVROODOP
QQXQJDºXNNXRUXQDOODVDQJDGKLVROODOP"
HQXGH\DDSSDQJHGKQLUXNUUQ¯QJDDYDUHSUNNDOH\"
QQJDHSSÀYXPVGKDPVSSLGUÀPVLODVDPD\DPFKDSSWKWKLNÌGDVSLGUÀP
HQJDºXNNXLQGKDY¯GXGKQURPEDSLGLNNXP
77
Adi’s Book.
DQGKDY¯WWOHLUXNNDXQJDºXNNXSLGLNNGK"
LQGKDYOHDYºDYXGKQLSSRQ¯QJDDGKHVHL\DOP
DSGLGKQDSGLGKQPDUXSDGL\XPDSGL\VHLQJD
HGKXXQJDºXNNXMVWKLSLUL\XPVWKDPFKDSSWKWKL\"
LQGKDSXVWKDKDPXQJDºXNNKDQ¯QJDLGKHVDQGKÀVKDPSDGLNNDOP
L¼¼DNNLSGDPVXODEDPLUXNNDOPSUSSÀP
Q¯QJDSGDWKWKHPHGKXYSDGLQJDOP"SNNDOP
QQSONXGLNNDOHQLQQHQQDNNXSOSLGLNNXPLOOH
SÀQDYUDPHOOPQQNDGLGKDPHÄXWKDOH
QºDNNLNDGLGKDQJDHOOPHÄXWKXYQ
QQHQDUHOHSDGLSSQQ¯QJDLQGKDLGDWKOHSDGLNNDOP
WKÀWWDNNUDUVHGLQJDºHQDGXYUQLQJHY¼PDQJHQDGDVROOXQJD
QPQWKWKXVDQJDGKL\HSDWKWKLNRQMDPSVDOP"
LGKHOOPURPEDQDOODYN\DQJDLGKXQJDºHWKLUXPEDWKLUXPEDVROODOP
DYDUSXVWKDKDPHQNDLNNXDGXWKWKDYUXPYDUXP
QQDGKHXQJDºXNNXSDGLNNDNRGXSSQ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
78
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 23.
THE VEGETABLE SHOP, AND
REVIEW (REVISION) No.II.
7KH9HJHWDEOH6KRSNLNDGH
Vocabulary
NL vegetable NLNDUL vegetables
WKDNNOLNNL tomato(es) NDWKWKDULNNL brinjal(s)
YHQGHNNL lady’s fingers SDFKFKHSDWW¼L green peas
JÀVHSÌ cauliflower JÀVHPXWWHJÀVHNLÄH cabbage
HOOYLGKDPQD all kinds of are half
Practical Conversation.
C: Customer V; Vegetable Seller.
&XQJDºLGDPHQQDNLLUXNNXGKX" What are the vegetables that you have?
9HQQLGDPHOOPYLGKDPQDNLNDULQJDLUXNNXGKXXQJDºXNNXHQQDNLY¼XP"
I have all kinds of vegetables. What vegetables do you want.
&HQQDNNXQDOONDWKWKDULNNLRUXN¯ORY¼XP I want one kilo of fresh brinjals.
9VDULQJDXQJDºXNNXLQQXPHQQDNLY¼XP"JÀVHPXWWH\XPJÀVHSÌYXPLUXNNXGKX
Alright sir, what other veg do you want? I have cabbage and cauliflower.
&L¼¼DNLQQDGKHOOPYQJDOHXQQLGDPWKDNNOLSDÄDQJDLUXNNXGK"
I am not buying them today. Do you have tomatoes?
9LOOHQJDHQQLGDPURPEDQDOODWKDNNOLLOOHXQJDºXNNXSDFKFKHSDWW¼LY¼XP"
No sir, I don’t have very good tomatoes. Do you want green peas.
&SDFKFKHSDWW¼LYLOHMVWKL\LUXNNXGKXYHQGDLNNLLUXNNXGK"
The price of peas is too much. Do you have ladies fingers?
9LUXNNXGKX\HYODYXY¼XP" I have. How much do you want?
&DUHN¯ORYHQGDLNNLNRGXQJDLSSRDGKXSÀGKXP
Give me half a kilo of ladies fingers. That’s enough now.
-------------------------
79
Adi’s Book.
Review No II.
DL\YQJDYD¼DNNDPHSGLLUXNULQJDVRZN\DP"XQJDY¯WWOHHOOUXPVÌKDP"LQJH
HOOUXP VÌKDPGKQ WKDPEL\XP WKDQJDFKFKL\XP NÌGD VXKDP" DSSYXP DPPYXP
VÌKDPLUXNUQJDO"DSSYXPDPPYXPLSSRY¯WWOHLOOHDYDQJDQºDNNLYDUDYDQJD
LGKX \U WKÀWWDP" LGKX XQJD WKÀWWDP" XQJDºXNNX QDOO WKÀWWDP LUXNNXGKX XQJD
WKÀWWDP RUX QDOO WKÀWWDP XQJDºXGH\D WKÀWWDP QDOOD XUXNNXGKX LQGKD VHGLOH UH¼GX
SÌGKQ LUXNNXGKX DQGKD NRGLOH MVWKL LOH\XP SÌYXP LUXNNXGKXQJD LQGKD WKÀWWD
PDUDQJDURPEDSHUL\DPDUDQJDLOOH\"XQJDWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXNL¼DUXNÌGDURPEDQDOODGKX
WKÀWWDNNUDQLQJHYOHVHLUQDYDQXNNXWKÀWWDWKOHNDVKWDPQDYOHLOOH
UPDQ VSSGX WKD\U" QQJD LSSR VSSLGD YDUDOP" HQJDºXNNX LSSR VSSGX
Y¼P LQQXP \UXNNX VSSGX Y¼XP" LYºDYX VSSGX HOOUXNNXP SÀGKXP"
HOOUXNNXPQSÀGKGKX"DGKHHQQDNNXNWWXQJDGKD\DYXVHLWKXHQDNNXV¯NUDPVSSGX
SÀGXQJDNRQMDPWKD¼¼LNRQGXYQJDV¯NUDPV¯NUDP
WKDPEL LQJH YD Q¯ HQJH SÀUH" \U Y¯WWXNNX SÀUH VSDWKULNNX DSUDP SÀ L¼¼DNL
SÀKGH QºDNNLSÀKDOP XQ WKDQJDFKFKL HQQD VHLU" DYD Y¯WWOH YOH VHLU DYDOH LSSR
LQJHNÌSSLGXDYDLQJHYDUDOP"WKDQJDFKFKLYKDPYDRUXQDOODSWWXSGX
VDUL XQJDºXNNKD RUX QDOO SWWX SGUQ XQJDºXNNX HQ SWWX LVKWDP" P XQ SWWX
HQQDNNX URPED LVKWDP DSSR Q¯QJD HQ SWWH NNNDOP HQ SWWX HSGL LUXNNXGKX" XQ
SWWXQJDHSSRYXPQDOOLUXNNXPVDULQQSÀLWXYUQ6DULWKDQJDFKFKLSÀLWXY
DGKX \U SHWWL WKHUL\XP" DQGKD SHWWL\ WKLUDQJD DGKH DSGL PÌGGKLQJD DUH XOOH
NRQGXSÀQJDLQJHYDLQJDLGKXQDOOLGDPRUXSHWWLYDLNNDURPEDQDOODLGDPQ¯QJDLSSR
SHWWL\HYDLNNDOPLQGKDFKLQQDSHWWLXQJDOXNNXSÀGKXP"SHUL\DSHWWLY¼XP"
QQJD NWSGLNNX VLQJODP DQMX PD¼LNNX SÀYÀP DGKDQOH Q¯QJD PDGK\QDP QOX
PD¼LNNX YQJD QDQ NWSGLNNX YDUDOH Q¯QJD PWKUXP SÀKDOP DSGL\" VDUL QQ
DSGL\ VHLUQ QºDNNL NRQMDP PXQGKL YDUXYLQJDO" GKD\DYXVHLWKX SLQGKL YDUGKLQJD
HOOUXPV¯NUDPYDUXYDQJD
80
Adi’s Book.
Q¯QJDGRFWRULGDPSÀULQJDO"QDYDULGDPSÀULQJD"QLQQQQVXKDPLOOHLQQXP\U
GRFWRULGDP SÀYDQJD" Q¯QJD PXQQOH SÀQJD QQ SLQQOH YDUQ GRFWRU LSSR \HQJH
LUXNUU" QQ NÌGD DYDUH SUSSQ QP GRFWRU Y¯WWXNNX SÀKDOP" VLOD VDPD\DP DYDU
LSSRVSDWKULOHLUXSSU
LSSRPDÄHSHLGKXDGKDQOHYHºL\HSÀKGKLQJDNXGHNRQGXSÀQJDQLQQURPEDPDÄH
SHLGKXL¼¼DNLHOOPYH\\LOLOOHLSSRMDVWKLPDÄHSHL\DOHQNWKWKXNRQMDPDGLNNXGKX
DSUDPPDÄHSHL\DOPDGKDQOHV¯NUDPY¯WWXNNXLSSRÀGXQJD
L¼¼DNLQDOODQOQLQQL¼¼DNLQQQDOOWKDPLÄSVUQSÀQDWKLQJDNLÄDPHHQQDWKGL"
QºDNNL HQQD PXWKDO WKGL\" P PXWKDO WKGLGKQ VDUL URPED VDQGKÀVKDP QLQQ
QºDNNL \HQ NDLNNX SD¼DP YDUXP YHººLNNLUDPH PDGK\QDP PDUXSDGL\XP YQJD
GKD\DYXVHLGKXYUDPGKÀUDPYQJDQºD¼¼DNLYDUGKLQJD
Q¯QJD NXºLNNDOH\" DSSR \HQJH NXºLNND SÀULQJD" XQJDºXNNX NXºLNND \HQQD WKD¼¼L
Y¼XP"VXGDWKD¼¼LLUXNNXGK"LUXNNXGKXQURPEDURPEDVXGDLUXNNXGKXVDULDSSR
QQ SDFKFKH WKD¼¼LOH NXºLNUQ LGKX XQJDºXNNX URPED NDVKWDP XQJD NDVKWDWKWKXNNX
HOOP URPED QDQGUL UPDQ HQ Q\H DSUDP NXºLSDWWXYH\ HQ QL NRQMDPNÌGD VXGK
GKDPLOOH
HQDNNX HÄXWKD RUX NLGKDP Y¼XP XQJDOLGDP NLGKDP LUXNNXGK" LQGKD FKLQQD
NLGKDPSÀWKXP"DGKXGKQSÀWKXPWKDPELLGKHSÀODLQQRUXNLGKDPLUXNNXGK"
LQGKDSDNNDPYDUHNNXPHÄXWKDOPDGXWKDSDNNDWKOHHÄXWKGKLQJDGKD\DYXVHLGKXLQGKD
NDGLGKDP WKDSOOH SÀGXQJD QDPDNNX WKDSO \U NRQGXYDUQJD" WKDSONUDQ GKLQDQ
GKÀUXPNOHLOHHWWXPD¼LNNXQDPDNNHOOPWKDSONRQGXYDUQ
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81
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 24.
VERBS, FUTURE TENSE, NEGATIVE.
Future Negative.
,QILQLWLYHSOXVµPWW¶SOXVYHUEDOHQGLQJVH[FHSWLQJWKHQHXWHUIRUPV
SÀKDPWWQ I will not go. SÀKDPWWQJD They will not go.
DGLNNDPWWQ I will not strike DGLNNDPWWLQJD You will not strike.
Exceptions, - Neuter Forms.
Weak Verbs, Singular. ,QILQLWLYHSOXVµGKX¶
SÀKGKX It will not go. WKÌQJGKX It will not sleep.
Plural. as for neuter singular, but with the plural verbal endings
SÀKGKXQJD They will not go. WKÌQJGKXQJD They will not sleep.
DGLNNGKXQJD they will not strike. NXGLNNGKXQJD They will not drink.
Vocabulary
LQGKL\ India jananga people
NLÄDNNX East NLÄDNN in the East
PUNX, West PUN in the west
vadakku North YDGDNN in the North
therku South WKHUN in the South.
NODP time (long) QUDP time (short)
ghavanam care, attention JKDYDQDP carefully
YLWK\VDP difference YLWK\VDPQD different (adj)
SD¼DP money SD¼DNNUDQ rich man
NXÄDQGKHSLOODL child SD¼DNNUL rich woman
Q male SH¼ female, girl
NOYL question RU the same
DQKDP almost, mostly PGKLUL sort, kind, type.
82
Adi’s Book.
FKRNNFKDWWH shirt choli blouse
SÀWWXNRºXGXWKWKXNRº wear, put on WKX¼LQJD clothes
NDWWLNNRº wear(sari, dhoti)
thirumbu(w.in) turn (int) thiruppu(w.in) turn (tr)
iduppu waist, hip
Short Sentences.
QPQLWKWKXNLÄDPHYOHVHL\DSÀKDPWWÀPQLQQQLWKWKXNLÄDPHQDPDNNXYOHLOOH
We will not go to work on Sunday, because on Sunday we have no work.
SD¼DNNUDQLGDPMVWKLSD¼DPLUXNNXP The rich man will have lots of money.
LGKXXQJDºXGH\DNXÄDQGKH\"NXÄDQGKHSU\HQQD"
Is this your child? What is the child’s name.
XQJDºXNNXHWKWKDQHNXÄDQGKHLUXNNXGKX"
How many chidren do you have.
HQQDNNXPÌQXNXÄDQGKHUH¼GXSDL\DQRUXSH¼LUXNNXGKX
I have three children; there are two boys, one girl.
DYDQJDºXNNXSUDQJDQDU\DQDQQDQGNDPDOLUXNNXGKX
Their names are Narayanan, Anand and Kamala.
LQGKDNXÄDQGKHNNXYD\DVXHQQD" How old is this child?
LGKXNNXYD\DVXQOXLGKXNNXQOXYD\DVX
It is 4 years old.
LSSRXQJDºXNNKDRUXNOYLLUXNNXGKX Now here is a question for you.
RUXN¯OROHHWKWKDQHYDÄDSDÄDPLUXNNXP" How many plantains are in one kilo?
DGKXQDOONºYLLOOH\" That is a good question, is it not?
URPEDQDOODNºYLGKQQNDVKWDPQDNºYL
A very good question indeed, but a difficult question.
VXODEDPQDNºYLDSUDPNSSQ I will ask an easy question later.
GKD\DYXVHLGKXLQGKDNOYLNNXLSSREDGKLOVROOXQJD
Please reply now to this question.
HQGKDSGDPXQJDºXNNXVXODEDPLUXNNXGKX"
Which lesson is easy for you?
83
Adi’s Book.
HQDNNXVLODNºYLVXODEDPVLODNºYLNDVKWDP
Some lessons are easy and some are hard for me.
XQJDºXNNXHOOPSGDPXP sulabam. All the lessons are easy for you.
(all the lessons, without exception).
Q¯QJDLQGKL\OHHYºDYXNODP (HYºDYXQº) irukringa?
How long have you been in India?
QQLQGKL\OHUH¼GXYDUXVKDPLUXNUQ I have been here since two years
(I have been here for two years).
VSDWKULOHQ¯QJDHYºDYXQUDPLUXSSLQJD"
How long will you be at the hospital?
QQVSDWKULOHLQQXPPÌQXPD¼LQUDPLUXSSQ
I will be in the hospital for three hours more.
WPEDUDPFKHQQDLNNXHQGKDSDNNDPLUXNNXGKX"
On which side of Chennai is Tambaram.
FKHQQDLNNXWPEDUDPWKHUNXSDNNDPLUXNNXGKXDGKHFKHQQDLNNXWKHUNLUXNNXGKX
Tambaram is on the South side of Chennai. It is South of Chennai.
QPPDGKXUHNNXYDGDNLUXNUÀP We are North of Madurai.
PXGKDOHNLÄDNNHSÀQJDDSUDPWKHUNWKLUXPEXQJD
First go to the East, then turn to the South.
LSSRHQSDNNDPWKLUXPEXQJDDSGLWKLUXPEKGLQJD
Now turn towards me. Don’t turn that way.
QUDSÀQJDLQGKDSDNNDPDQGKDSDNNDPWKLUXPEKGKLQJD
Go straight. Don’t turn this side or that.
DYDUQºDNNLLQJHYDUDPWWU He will not come here tomorrow.
LGKXURPEDQDOODQLDGKXNDGLNNGKX This is a very good dog, it will not bite.
LQGKDSÌQH\XPSONXGLNNXP"
*Will this cat also drink milk?
*This is also a proverb, similar in meaning to ‘butter wouldn’t melt in his mouth’.
-------------------------
84
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
F; Foreigner, I: Indian.
)XQJDGKVDWKOH¼XQJDHQQDWKX¼LQJDSÀWWXNRºUQJD"
What clothes do men wear in your country?
,HQJDGKVDWKOH¼XQJDURPEDSUGKÀWLNDWWXNRºUQJDVLODSUSDQWXGXWKWKXNRºUQJD
In our country many wear a dhoti, some wear pants. (trousers)
)SH¼¼XQJDHQQDYLGKDPQDWKX¼LQJDSÀWWXNNRºYQJD"
What kind of clothes do women wear?
,DQKDPSH¼¼XQJDHOOPVOHSXGDYHNDWWLNNRºUQJDQLSSRVHOYDNDPLVHLUXNNXWKX
Almost all the women wear sarees, but now the selva kamise is here.
)LQGKL\HOOPMDQDQJDºXNNXRUPGKLULWKX¼LGKQ"
Do people dress the same way throughout India?
,LOOHRUPGKLUL\LOOHVLODLGDQJDOOHYLWK\VDPWKX¼LQJDSÀWWXNNRºUQJD
No, not all the same way, they dress differently in some places.
)DYDQJDLGXSSXNNXPOHHQQDSÀWWXNNRºUQJD"
What do they wear above the waist?
,QXQJDLGXSSXNNXPOHFKRNND\XPSH¼¼XQJDFKÀOL\XPXGXWKWKXNNRºUQJD
The men wear shirts and the women wear cholies above the waist.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 24.
Q¯QJDPDUDSDGL\XPNºYLQJDNSSLQJDº"LOOHQQHOONºYLQJDºXPNNNDPWWQ
LQGKDSH¼NXÄDQGKHNNXYD\DVXHQQD"\HQXGH\DSH¼YD\DVXUH¼GX
DQGKDVDQJKDGLHQDNNXVROODPWWLQJDº"QQLSSRSVDPWWQHQDNNXYOHLUXNNXGKX
VDULXQJDYOH\HJKDYDQDPVHLQJDQQDSUDPYDUQ
DYDUL¼¼DNLXQJDºXNNXSD¼DPNRGXNNDPWWUQQXQJDºXNNXSD¼DPDGLNNDGLWKDUDPWWQ
DYDQJDURPEDQUDPLQJHLUXNNDPWWQJDDYDULQGKDÌUOHURPEDNDODPQºLUXNUU
LQGKDQLDGLNNDGLLQJHYDUGKXVLODVDPD\DPGKQYDUXP
DQGKDNXÄDQGKHLSSRSGGKXQºDNNLVLQJOXPSGXP
DYDDNNNÌGDL¼¼DNNLSGDPWWHQJDSÌQHVGKDPVSSLGGKXSOGKQNXGLNNXP
SD¼DNNUDQXNNXMVWKLSD¼DPLUXNNXGKXQVDQGKÀVKDPLOOH
85
Adi’s Book.
DGXWKWKDYUDPQQFKHQQDLNNXSÀKDPWWQQQDYDUHWKLUXPEDNÌSSLGDPWWQ
QQJDDYºDYXGKÌUDPQDGDNNDPWWÀPQ¯QJDLQGKDDUHOHWKÌQJDPWWLQJDO"
XQJDSXVWKDKDPPVHPOHLUXNNGK"DYDUSDFKFKHWKD¼¼LOHNXºLNNDPWWU
QQJD\HSSRYXPSDKDOOHWKÌQJDPWWÀPNXÄDQGKHQJDPDGK\QDWKOHYLºD\GDPWWDQJD
Q¯QJDNDGKDYHVDUL\PÌGDPWWLQJDXQJDSDGDWKWKHHQDNNXNWWDPWWLQJDº"
XQJDºXNNKDDYDUWKLUXPEDSGDPWWUHQSXVWKDKDWKWKHQºDNNLDQXSSDPWWLQJDº"
LQGKDYUDPHQDNNXNDGLGKDQJDYDUGKXDQGKDSQQDOODVDUL\DHÄXGKDGKX
NHWWDQLNDGLNNXPQDOODQLNDGLNNGKXHQSHWWL\HWKLUDNNDPWWQDSUDPWKLUDSSQ
NSSLNRQMDPV¯NUDPWKD\UVHL\DPWWLQJDO"VDULLSSRGKQVHL\DSÀUQ
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
86
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 25.
NOUNS & PRONOUNS F,167580(17$/&$6(
‘BY MEANS OF’, ‘WITH’.
& VERBS,
‘SHOULD’, ‘SHOULD NOT’, ‘MUST’, ‘MUST NOT’.
87
Adi’s Book.
‘Should’, ‘Should Not’, ‘Must’, ‘Must Not’.
‘Should’
‘Should’ is expressed by Infinitive plus µ¼um’ for any verb,
regardless of number, gender or person.
SÀKD¼XP should go YVLNND¼XP should read
LQILQLWLYHSOXVµ¼XP¶DOVRH[SUHVVHVµQHHG¶UHIOHVVRQ
‘Should Not’
‘Should not’ is expressed by Infinitive plus µNÌGGKX¶ for any verb,
regardless of number, gender or person.
SÀKDNÌGGKX should not go YVLNNDNÌGGKX should not read
‘Must’, ‘Must Not’
These are expressed as above,
EXWLQERWKSRVLWLYHDQGQHJDWLYHIRUPVWKHZRUGµNDWW\DP¶SUHFHGHVWKHLQILQLWLYH
QQDYDUHNDWW\DPSUNND¼XP I must see him.
Q¯QJDLQGKDSOHNDWW\DPNXGLNNDNÌGGKX You must not drink this milk.
Vocabulary
udhe kick (n) VPQ thing(s), article(s)
udhe (s.th) kick manni (s.th) forgive
aru (s.th) cut (with a knife) vettu (w.in) cut (with an axe)
Short Sentences.
SDL\DQJDSDQGKHNOOHXGKHNUQJD
The boys are kicking the ball with the legs. (feet).
DYDUURWWL\HNDWKWKL\OHDUXNUU He is cutting the bread with the knife.
Q¯QJDLQGKDNDWKWKL\OHPDUDWKHDUXNNDNÌGGKX
You should not cut wood with this knife.
DYDUHOOSGDQJDºXPNDWW\XPSDGLNND¼XP
He must study all the lessons.
QPWKDPLÄURPEDPHGKXYSVDNNXGGKX
We should not speak Tamil very slowly.
88
Adi’s Book.
DQGKDPPLQQXPQDOODWKDPLÄSVD¼XP That lady should speak better Tamil.
QQHQJOLVKDGLNNDGLNDWW\XPSVDNNXGGKX I must not speak English often.
DYDUOHQQVLODVDPD\DPLQJHYUQ I am coming here sometimes because of him.
Q¯QJDHQQHNDWW\DPPDQQLNND¼XP You must forgive me.
HQQOHXQJDºXNNXLQGKDNDVKWDPLOOH\"
You have this trouble because of me, haven’t you?
XQJDºOHRUXNDVKWDPXPLOOHYDUXWKWKDSSDGGKLQJD
There is no trouble at all on account of you, don’t worry.
Q¯QJDLQGKDYOH\HJKDYDQDPVHL\D¼XP You should do this work carefully.
QQVSDWKULNNXSÀKDHQGKDSDNNDPWKLUXPED¼XP"
Which way should I turn to go to the hospital?
PXGKDOOHQUDSÀKD¼XPDSUDPYDODGKXSDNNDPWKLUXPED¼XP
You should first go straight, then turn to the right (side).
LGDWKXSDNNDPWKLUXPEDNÌGGKX You should not turn to the left (side).
HQJDQDOODSÌQH\HQ¯DGLNNDNÌGGKX You should not hit our nice cat.
XQJDºXNNX\USD¼DPNRGXNND¼XP" Who should give you money?
DYDUXNNXQ¯QJDLYºDYXSD¼DPNRGXNNDNÌGGKX
You should not give him this much money.
QQLSSR\HQQDNXGLNND¼XPNSSL\SO"
What should I drink now, coffee or milk?
Q¯LSSRMVWKLSONXGLNNDNÌGGKX You should not drink much milk now.
QQW¯NXGDNXGLNNDNÌGGK" Should I not drink even tea?
WKDPELQ¯\QVDGKGKDPSVUH"LQJHDSGLSVDNÌGGKX
Little brother, why are you talking loudly. You should not speak like that here.
QPNODPHLQJHHWWXPD¼LNNXNDWW\XPLUXNND¼XP
We must be here at 8 o’clock in the morning.
LQGKDDUH\HSSÀYXPVXGKGKDPLUXNND¼XP This room should always be clean.
Q¯QJDººPY¯WWXNNXYHºL\HYLºD\GD¼XPY¯WWXNNXººHYLºD\GDNNÌGGKX
All of you should play outside the house. You should not play inside.
-------------------------
89
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
Leaving the Railway Station.
T: Traveller, A: Autorickshaw Driver.
7LGKXXQYDQGL\" Is this your vehicle?
$PDQJDQ¯QJD\HQJHSÀKDY¼XP" Yes sir, where do you want to go?
7QQVDLGSHWWDLNNXSÀKDY¼XPHYºDYXSD¼DPNNUH
I want to go to Saidhapet. How much money do you want?
$VDLGKSHWWDLURPEDGKÌUDPQÌUXUÌENRGXQJD
Saidapet is a long way. Give me 100 rupees.
7QQDYºDYXSD¼DPNRGXNNDPWWQDPEDWKXUÌENRGXSSQ
I will not give that much money. I will give 50 rupees.
$LOOHQJDQQDPEDWKXUÌENNXDYºDYXGKÌUDPYDUDPWWQ
No sir, I will not come (go) that far for 50 Rupees.
7XQQÀGXSVDHQDNNXQUDPLOOHQ¯SÀKDOP
I don’t have time to talk to you. You may go.
$DL\UXEDWKDQMXNRGXQJDV¯NUDPSÀKDOP
Sir, give sixty five. We may go quickly. (Quick, let’s go).
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 25.
HQQLGDWKOHXQJDSXVWKDKDPLOOHXQJDºLGDPGKQLUXNNXPQ¯QJDDSGLSVDNÌGGKX
DYDUXPDSGLVROODNÌGGKXQQQDGKSÀODVROOD¼XP"LGKXRUXNOYL\"
QPQDPXGH\DNXÄDQGKHNNXLGKHSÀODVSSGXGKQNRGXNND¼XP
DYDQJDMVWKLPLWWLDGLNNDGLVSLGDNÌGGKX
FKHQQDLNNXSÀKDQ¯QJDYDODGKXSDNNDPWKLUXPEXQJD
Q¯QJDQUDSÀKDNÌGGKXLGDGKXSDNNDPWKLUXPEDNÌGGKX
LQGKDFKLQQDYOH\HVHL\DLYºDYXQUDPLUXNNDNÌGGKX
LGKHURPEDYKDPVHL\D¼XPPHGKXYVHL\GKLQJD
DL\Q¯QJDWKDPLÄYKDPYDVLNND¼XPHÄXWKD¼XPSVD¼XP
WKDPLÄLSGLURPEDPHGKXYSVDNÌGGKX
Q¯QJDLSSRDQGKDYOH\HVHL\DY¼PW¯WKD\UVHL\DY¼XP
QQV¯NUDPYHºL\HSÀKDQXPSÀKDY¼XP
90
Adi’s Book.
WKDPELDQGKDVPQH\QNOOHXGKHNUH"DGKHDSGLNOOHXGKHNNDNÌGGKX
Q¯QJDGKQYUDPGKÀUXPSWWXSGD¼XPSWWHHSSRYXPURPEDVDGKGKDPSGDNÌGGKX
QQL¼¼DNNLDQKDNDGLGKDQJDHÄXGKD¼XPQ¯QJDHOOPNDVKWDPQDNºYLNNNDNÌGGKX
DYDUWKDSOS¯VXNNXSÀKD¼XPV¯NUDPYQJDQ¯QJDV¯NUDPEDGKLOVROOD¼XP
SDººLNÌGDWKWKXNNXLQGKDYDÄLOHGKQSÀKD¼XPSD¼DPNNNDHQQLGDPYDUDNÌGGKX
QQURPEDNHWWDYDQQ¯QJDHQQHPDQQLNNDNÌGGKX
URWWL\HHGKOHDUXNNDSÀULQJD"LQGKDNDWKWKL\OHGKQURWWL\HDUXNND¼XP
NLGDWKWKHNDWKWKL\OHDUXNNDNÌGGKX
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
91
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 26.
NOUNS & PRONOUNS Fµ:,7+¶
VERBS.Fµ1(('¶µ1(('127¶
92
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
SSRYXP always µSSRYXP¶SOXVDQ\QHJDWLYH never
XGDQ at once, immediately FK¯WWX chit, note.
nimisham minute YLQGLQRGL second (n)
LQQRUXYURUX another (adj) inno¼¼XYUR¼¼X another (one, thing)(n)
VNNX excuse, pretext VNNXVROZQ make excuse, (false?)
POH mountain WKHQLQGKL\ South India
UL lake padahu boat
DÄDKX beauty DÄDKQD beautiful
Short Sentences.
LYDUÀGXSÀQJDLYDUXQJDºXNNXNDGH\HNWWXYU
Go with this person. he will show you the shop.
DYDUXQJDºÀGXSVDPWWUHQQÀGXSVXQJD
He will not speak with you. Speak with me.
QQGRFWRUHSUNND¼XPDYDUHSUNNDOP"
I should see the doctor. may I see him?
Q¯QJDLSSRDYDUHNDWW\DPSUNND¼XP Must you see him now?
PQQDYDUHNDWW\DPSUNND¼XPXGDQSDUNND¼XP
Yes, I must see him. I should see him immediately.
VDULDQJHXNNUXQJDLQJHQLNNDNÌGGKXAlright, sit there. You should not stand here.
DYDUYURUXGRFWRUÀGXSVUUNRQMDPLUXQJD
He is talking with another doctor. Just (please) wait.
WKDPELLQGKDSDL\DQÀGX\HSSRYXPYLºD\GGKH
Little brother, never play with this boy.
QDOODSDL\DQJDNHWWDSDL\DQJDOÀGXYLºD\GDPWWQJD
Good boys will not play with the bad boys.
LQGKDSXVWKDKDWKWKHXQJDºÀGXNRQGXSÀKDY¼P
You need not take this book with you.
93
Adi’s Book.
LGKHSDGLNNDXQJDºXNNXLVKWDPLUXNNGKX
You will not like to read this.
QQLQQRUXSXVWKDKDPNRGXSSQQ¯QJDDGKHSDGLNNDOP
I will give another book. You may read that.
QDOODSXVWKDKDWKWKHMDVWKLV¯NUDPSDGLNNDNÌGGKXJKDYDQDPGKQSDGLNND¼XP
You should not study a good book too quickly. You should study carefully.
VDULQQLGKHJKDYDQDPGKQSDGLSSQLGKHURPEDYKDPSDGLNNDPWWQ
Okay, I will study it carefully. I will not study it very quickly.
DGXWKDYUDPLQGKDSXVWKDKDWKWKÀGXHQQLGDPYQJD
Next week come to me with this book.
DSSRLGKHSDWKLQPUH¼GXSUXPSVXYÀP
Then both of us will speak about this.
QDPPÀGXVSSLGDLQQXP\UYDUQJD" Who else is coming to eat with us?
LGKX\UFK¯WWX"LQGKDFK¯WWÀGX\HQJHSÀULQJD"
Whose chit is this? Where are you going with this chit?
LQGKDFK¯WWHQQHÄXWKDOH I did not write this chit.
GKD\DYXVHLWKXLGKHDYDULGDPXGDQNRQGXSÀQJD
Please take this to him at once.
\HQQHLSSRNÌSSLGDY¼P\HQQDNNXMVWKLYOHLUXNNXGKX
You need not call me now. I have a lot of work.
DGXWKDPVDPQ¯QJDHQDNNXNDWW\DPDQGKDSD¼DPNRGXNND¼XP
You must give me that money next month
Q¯QJDVNNXVROODNÌGDGKX You should not make (false?) excuses.
Q¯QJDQDOODVDPDFKFKUDWKWKÀGXYDULQJDLOOH\
You are coming with good news, is it not?
\HQNDGLGDWKWKÀGXWKDSOS¯VXNNXSÀQJD
Go to the post office with my letter.
-------------------------
94
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation.
Discussing Summer Resorts.
F: Foreigner, I: Indian
)LQGKL\OHNÀGDLNODWKWKXNNXHQJHSÀKDOP"
Where can one go for the summer in India?
,YDGDLQGKL\OHVLODLGDPXPWKHQLQGKL\OHVLODLGDPXPLUXNNXGKX
There are some places in North India and some in South India.
)QQWKHQLQGKL\YXNNXSÀKD¼XPWKHQLQGKL\OHURPEDDÄDKQDLGDPHGKX"
I should go to South India. Which is the most beautiful place in South India?
,WKHQLQGKL\OHQ¯ODJLULPDOH\XPNÀGDLNQDOPDOH\XPURPEDDÄDKQDLGDQJD
In South India the Nilgiri Hills and Kodaikanal Hills are very beautiful.
DGKXQJDNÌOLUFKL\QDLGDQJDNÌGD They are cool places also.
)YDGDLQGKL\OHURPEDURPEDDÄDKQDLGDQJDHGKX"
In North India which are the most beautiful places?
,NVKPLUGKQYDGDLQGKL\OHURPEDDÄDKQDLGDPQ¯QJDNVKPLUHNDWW\DPSDUNND¼XP
Kashmir is the most beautiful place in North India. You must see Kashmir.
)Q¯ODJLUL\LOXPNÀGDLNQDOLOXPULQJDLUXNNXGK"
Are there lakes in the Nilgiris and Kodaikanal?
,PLUXNNXGKXNÀGDLNQDOULGKQURPEDDÄDKQDULDGKXOHSDGDKXQJDLUXNNXGKX
Yes, there are. Kodaikanal lake is indeed a very beautiful lake. There are boats on it.
-------------------------
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 26.
Q¯QJDLQGKDYOH\HQXGDQVHL\DNXGGKX NRQMDPLUXQJDQQRUXYLQGLOHYUQ
QQLQQRUXYOHNRGXNND¼XPLQGKDYOH\HV¯NUDPVHLQJD
QPXQJDOHSDWKXQLPLVKDWKWKXNNXDSUDPSUNNDOP"
LQGKDYOHVHL\DXQJDºXNNXHWKWKDQHQLPLVKDPY¼XP"
HQDNNKDQ¯QJDLQQR¼¼XNÌGDNDWW\DPVHL\D¼XP GKD\DYXVHLGKXVNNXVROOGKLQJD
µQQLGKHVHL\DPWWQ¶HSSRYXPVROGKLQJDQ¯QJDQODNNLNÀYLOXNNX\UÀGXSÀULQJD"
QLNXWWL\ÀGXYLºD\GDHQDNNXURPEDLVKWDP HOOUÀGXPHSSRYXPWKDPLÄOHSVXQJD
95
Adi’s Book.
QQNÌGDHQJOLVKOHDGLNNDGLSVDNÌGGKX \UXQJDºÀGXYOHVHLUQJD"
LQGKDNXÄDQGKH\ÀGXNDGHNNXSÀQJD SOÀGXSDÄDPXPVSSLGXQJD
GRFWRUÀGXRUXSH¼URPEDYHKDPSÀUD LQGKDNDGLGKDWKWKÀGXDYDULGDPSÀQJD
DYDUEDGKLOÀGXWKLUXPEDYDUD¼XPWKHUL\XP"
VLODVDPD\DPQQVWKDWKWKÀGXFKDSSWKWKL\XPVDSSLGUQ
PVHPOHSXVWKDKDWKWKÀGXNLGKDPXPYDLQJD SQYÀGXSHQFLOXPNRQGXYQJD
L¼¼DNNLPDÄH\ÀGXNWKWKXPURPEDDGLNNXGKXGKD\DYXVHLGKXSÌYÀGXLOH\XPNRQGXYD
XQJDOÀGXWKDPLÄSVDHQDNNXURPEDVDQGKÀVKDP
NXÄDQGKHQJDºÀGXYLºD\GDHQDNNXHSSRYXPURPEDVDQGKÀVKDP
Q\ÀGXSÌQH\XPURPEDQUDPYLºD\GDGKXLQGKDSGDWKWKÀGXLQQRUXSGDPSDGLQJD
VXGDWKD¼¼L\ÀGXNRQMDPSDFKFKHWKD¼¼L\XPNRQGXYQJD
LQJHUH¼GXQNNOL\ÀGXRUXPVH\XPSÀGXQJD DYDUL¼¼DNNLDYDQJDºÀGXSÀKDPWWU
XQJDºÀGXXQJDDPPYXPFKHQQDLNNXYDUQJDO"
D¼¼DQÀGXWKDPEL\XPDNNYÀGXWKDQJDFKFKL\XPUH¼GXWWÀOHSÀUDQJDO"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
96
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 27.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS
ABLATIVE CASE, ‘FROM’,
&
‘CAN’, ‘CANNOT’, ‘COULD’, ‘COULD NOT’.
‘From.
Inanimate Nouns use noun plus ‘ilirundhu’.
SQYLOLUXQGKX from the pen kaththiyilirundhu from the knife
As we have seen before:-
Nouns ending in ‘m’ and ‘ru’ change to ‘thth’.
Nouns ending in ‘du’ change to ‘tt’.
pusthaham pusthahaththilirundhu from the book
kayiru kayiththilirundhu from the string
Y¯GX Y¯WWLOLUXQGKX from the house
Animate Nouns, and Pronouns.
Animate Nouns, use noun plus ‘idamirundhu’.
UPDQ UPDQLGDPLUXQGKX from Raman.
pasu pasuvidamirundhu from the cow.
Pronouns,
use declensional base plus ‘idamirundhu’ similarly, to give ‘from’ – (me, you, them, etc.).
QQ ennidamirundhu QP namidamirundhu
QQJD HQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX
Q¯ unnidamirundhu Q¯QJD XQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX
avan avanidamirundhu avanga DYDQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX
ava DYDºLGDPLUXQGKX
avar avaridamirundhu
adhu adhanidamirundhu adhunga DGKXQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX
Adverbs:- plus ‘irundhu’
ingerundhu from here apdirundhu from that way
97
Adi’s Book.
‘Can’, ‘Cannot’, ‘Could’, ‘Could Not’.
‘Cannot’. ‘am not able to’ infinitive plus ‘mudiyale’ for present
kudikkamudiyale am not able to drink, cannot drink.
‘Could not’. ‘was not able to’ infinitive plus ‘mudiyale’ for past.
kudikkamudiyale was not able to drink, could not drink.
Vocabulary
UX climb up, get in irangu climb down, alight.
YD¼GL vehicle parava ille never mind, no matter.
purappadu (w.tt) set out, start YLÄXZQGK fall, drop.
QLFKFKD\DP certainly
Short Sentences.
XQJDGKVDWKWKLOLUXQGKXXQJDºXNNXNDGLGKDPDGLNNDGLYDUXWK"
Do you often get letters from your country?
HQDPPYLGDPLUXQGKXHQDNNXDGLNNDGLNDGLGKDPYDUXGKX
I often get letters from my mother.
LQGKDFK¯WWH\ULGDPLUXQGKXNRQGXYDULQJD"
From whom are you bringing this chit?
98
Adi’s Book.
QQWKRPDVLGDPLUXQGKXFK¯WWHNRQGXSÀUQ
I am taking a chit from Thomas.
Q¯QJDLSSRHQJLUXQGKXYDULQJD" Where are you coming from now?
QQLSSRQUDHQY¯WWLOLUXQGKXYDUQ I am coming straight from my house.
HYDULGDPLUXQGKXSXVWKDKDQJDNRQGXSÀULQJD"
From whom are you taking the books?
PVH\LOLUXQGKXHQSXVWKDKDQJDºHHGXQJD
Take my books from the table.
Y¯WWHPOHUXQGKXN¯ÄHSDUNNGKLQJD Do not look down from the house.
QDPY\LOLUXQGKXHSSRYXPQDOODYUWKHQJDYDUD¼XP
Always good words should come from our mouth.
LQJHUXQGKXDQJHDGLNNDGLSÀKDNÌGGKX
You should not often go from here to there.
Q¯QJDLSSRQDOOWKDPLÄSVDPXGL\XP Now you can talk Tamil well.
PQQWKDPLÄSVDPXGL\XPQQHWKXQDOODSVDPXGL\DOH
Yes, I can speak Tamil, but yesterday I could not speak well.
SDUYLOOHPXGKDOHPHGKXYSVXQJD Never mind, speak slowly at first.
LGKXVXODEDPDQDSGDPDGKDQOHLGKHNDWW\DPQ¯QJDYDVLNNDPXGL\XP
This is an easy lesson, so you can certainly read this.
Q¯QJDQWKXDQWKDSXWKXY¯GXSUNNDPXGLQGKDGK"
Could you see that new house yesterday?
PDGKHSUWKQGKD\DYXVHLWKXHQQHPDQQLQJDQQXNNUDPXGL\DOHQQSÀKD¼XP
Yes, I saw it. Please forgive me , I cannot sit down, I should go.
Q¯QJDQºDNNLLQJHWKLUXPEDYDUDPXGL\XP"
Can you come here again tomorrow.
DYDQJDLQJHYHººLNLÄDPHYDUDY¼P\QLQQD¼¼DNNLQQLQJHYDUDPWWQ
They need not come here on Friday, because I will not come here that day.
SDWKWKXQLPLVKDWKOHW¯WKD\UVHL\DPXGL\XP"
Can you make tea in ten minutes?
99
Adi’s Book.
QQDYºDYXV¯NUDPW¯WKD\UVHL\DPXGL\DGKX
I cannot make tea that quickly.
W¯WKD\UVHL\DHQDNNXSDGKLQDQMXQLPLVKDPY¼XP
I need 15 minutes to make tea.
DGXWKWKDYDUXVKDPGHOOL\LOLUXQGKXHQDSSYDUXYU
My father will come from Delhi next year.
XQJDºXNNXHSSRUXQGKXPUOHYDOLNNXGKX"
Since when do you have pain in the chest.
Practical Conversation. - The Traveller’s Bungalow.
T: Traveller, L: Local Man, S: Servant.
7QQXGDQHWUDYHOOHUVEDQJDOÀNNXSÀKD¼XPDGKXLQJHUXQGKXHYºDYXGKÌUDP"
I must go to the travellers Bungalow at once. How far is it from here.
/DGKXLQJHUXQGKXRUXNLORPHWHUGKÌUDWKOHLUXNNXGKXFUOHDQMXQLPLVKDPSLGLNNXP
It is one kilometer from here. In the car it will take five minutes.
7QQHQGKDSDNNDPSÀKD¼XP"LSGLSÀKDOP"
Which way should I go? May I go this way?
/DQGKDSDNNDPSÀKDY¼PLQGKDYDÄL\QUDSÀQJD
You need not go that way. Go straight this way.
7Q¯QJDHQQÀGXYDULQJDº Are you coming with me?
/LOOHQQ\HQJHSÀKDPXGL\GKXHQLQQQQLQJHYOHVHL\DLUXNND¼XP
No, I cannot go anywhere, because I should be here to work.
100
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 27.
LGKXHOOPLGKHOOPLQJHUXQGKXXGDQNRQGXSÀQJD
DYDQJDDQJHUXQGKXHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXSXUDSSDGXYQJD"
HQQLGDPLUXQGKXXQJDSXVWKDKDPHSSRNRQGXSÀULQJD"
LSSRSDUYLOOHQWKLUXPEDLQGKDPWKLULVHL\DNÌGGKX
LQGKDSGDWKWKHQ¯QJDVXODEDPSDGLNNDPXGL\XP
\ULGDPLUXQGKXLQGKDVPQNRQGXYULQJD" HSSRUXQGKXWKDPLÄSDGLNULQJD"
S¯VLOLUXQGKXHSSRWKLUXPEDYDUDYLQJD" DYDUND¼¼LOLUXQGKXWKD¼¼LYDUXGKX
YHºL\LOLUXQGKXURPEDVDGKGKDPYDUXGKX HQDUH\LOLUXQGKXXQJDºHNÌSSLGUQ
DQGKDSDL\DQPDUDWKWKLOLUXQGKXYLÄXYQ QQXQJDºHSÀODQDOODSVDPXGL\GKX
Q¯QJDLQJHDQMXQLPLVKDPLUXNNDPXGL\XP" YDQGLOHPHGKXYHÄXQJDLSGLHÄXQJD
QQXQJDºÀGXYKDPQDGDNNDPXGL\GKX QQDYDUHL¼¼DNLSUNNDPXGL\GKX
YDQGL\LOLUXQGKXVPQJDºHV¯NUDPHGXQJD DGXWKDYUDPQ¯QJDYDUDPXGL\GK"
LGKHSDWKLQ¯QJDQLFKFKD\DPVROODPXGL\XP" QQVXGDWKD¼¼LOHNXºLNNDPXGL\GKX
HQDNNKDQ¯QJDLQGKDYOHVHL\DPXGL\XP" LQGKDUÌEDQNDL\LOLUXQGKXYLÄXGKX"
LQGKDNXÄDQGKHQDOOQDGDNNXPXGL\XP" LSSRXQJDY¯WWLOLUXQGKXYDULQJDº"
LQGKDYN\DWKWKHQQWKDPLÄHVROODPXGL\GKX WKDPELXQDNNXWKDPLÄWKHUL\XP"
NÌGH\LOLUXQGXNXGH\HHGXQJD Q¯WKDPLÄHSVDPXGL\XP"
XQJDºXNNXNDGH\LOLUXQGKXSDÄDQJDNRQGXYDUXYQ
WKDQJDFKFKLPVH\HPOHXNNUGKHN¯UHLUDQJX
PDUXSDGL\XPPVHPOHUDNXGGKX
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
101
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 28.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS
LOCATIVE CASE, ‘IN’, ‘AT’
‘In’, ‘At’.
Inanimate Nouns use noun plus ‘le’.
arele in the room PVHOH in the table (drawer).
As seen before:-
Nouns ending in ‘m’ and ‘ru’ change to ‘th’.
Nouns ending in ‘du’ change to ‘tt’.
VGKDP VGKDWKOH in the rice
UX WKOH in the river
Y¯GX Y¯WWOH in the house
102
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
NÌWWDP meeting, assembly pala-sarakku provisions (grain.etc.)
YDÄDNNDP habit, custom manushar man, woman
railvandi train kudhire horse
ND¼¼GL glass, mirror PÌNNXND¼¼GL eye-glasses, spectacles
nalladhu is good, that’s good kettadhu is bad, that’s bad
alladhu or illena if not, otherwise
VXPUFKXPU approximately VXPUDLUX to feel better (in health)
marunthu medicine uyaram height
Short Sentences.
LQGKDÌUOHSHUL\DVSDWKULHQJHLUXNNXGKX" Where is the big hospital in this place?
DGKXLQJHUXQGKXURPEDGKÌUDWKOHLUXNNXGKX That is far away from here.
DGKXHWKWKDQHNLORPHWHUGKÌUDWKOHLUXNNXGKX" How many kilometers away is it?
LQGKDLGDWKWKLOLUXQGKXVXPUDQMXNLORPHWHUGKÌUDP
It is about five kilometers away from this place.
HQGKDYDQGLOHSÀULQJDPWWXYDQGLONXGKLUHYDQGLO"
By which cart are you going, by bullock cart or horse cart?
QQWROHSÀUHQQLQQQQDYODYXGKÌUDPQDGDNNDPXGL\GKX
I am going in an auto, because I can’t walk that distance.
HQQLGDPURPEDSD¼DPLUXNNXGKXDGKDQOHQQFUOHSÀYQ
I have a lot of money, so I will go in a car.
YOÌULOLUXQGKXDQJHSÀKDHYºDYXSD¼DPY¼XP"
How much money is needed to go there from Vellore?
WKDPELXQLGDWKOHVLODNHWWDYDÄDNNDQJDLUXNNXGKX
Little brother , you have some bad habits.
QDOODGKXY"LOOHURPEDNHWWDGKXGKQ
Is that good? No, indeed it is very bad.
Q¯HSSRYXPQDOOYDÄDNNDPGKQNDWKWKXNRººD¼XP
You should always learn only good habits.
103
Adi’s Book.
QQLGKHSDWKLPDUXSDGL\XPXQQÀGXSVDPWWQ
I will not speak again about this with you.
XQJDOOXNNXNSSLOHFKDNNDUHY¼XP"
Do you want sugar in your coffee?
HQQDNNXNSSLOHSOXPFKDNNDUH\XPNDWW\DPY¼XP
I must have milk and sugar in my coffee.
DQGKDSHWWL\DSGLSÀGDNXGGKX
You should not throw that box that way.
DGKXOHDQKDND¼¼DGLVPQLUXNNXGKX
There are many glass things in it.
DGKHURPEDPHGKXYNLÄHYDLNND¼XP
You should put that down very gently.
SÀQDUH¼GXYUDPQLQJDQYOHNNXYDUDOH"
Why did you not come to work for the last two weeks?
QQYDUDOHQLQQHQDNNXMÀUDP
I did not come because I had fever.
XQJDºXNNXWKDOHYDOLHGXNNXGK"
Do you have headache?
QQGRFWRUDGKDQOHHQQLGDWKOHHOOVDQJKDGL\XPVROOD¼XP
I am a doctor, you shuld tell me everything.
QDOODYDQJDNHWWDGKXVHL\DPWWQJD
Good people wil not do bad things.
FKLQQDYDQJDSHUL\DYDQJDYUWKH\HNNND¼XP
Youngsters should listen to the word of the elders.
HQNDLOHDSSRSD¼DPLOOHDGKDQOHQQND¼¼DGLYQJDOH
I had no money then, so I did not buy the mirror.
\ULGDWKOHHQSXVWKDKDQJDLUXNNXWKXQJD"
Who has my books?
-------------------------
104
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. - At The Bazaar.
S: Stranger, M: Merchant.
S. kadetheru entha pakkam irukkudhu?
Which way is the bazaar?
0NDGHWKHUXNRQMDGKÌUDWKOHLUXNNXGKXDGKXNLWWDLOOH
The bazaar is some distance. It’s not near.
6FUDQJHSÀKDPXGL\XPDOODGKXQDGDNNDY¼XP"
Can the car go there, or need I walk?
0NDGHWKHUXNNXXººHFUSÀKDPXGL\GXQLQQURPEDMDQQDQJDLUXSSQJD
The car can’t go inside the bazaar because there will be many people.
6LGKHOOPHQQDNDGHQJD" What are all these shops?
0LGKHOOPSDODVDUDNNXNDGHQJD
These are all provision stores.
6SÌNDGHSDÄDNDGHNLNDULNDGHHQJHLUXNXGKXQJD"
Where are the flower fruit and vegetable shops?
0DGKHOOPLGKXNNXSLQQOHLUXNNXGKXQJDYQJDXQJDºXNNXNWUQ
All those are behind this. Come along, I will show you.
6QQNRQMDPWKX¼LYQJD¼XPYQJDWKX¼LNDGHNNXSÀKDOP
I want to buy some material. Come, let us go to the cloth shop.
-------------------------
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 28.
XQJDºLGDWKOHDQGKDQDOODYDÄDNNDPLUXNNXGKX
QQDYDUÀGXQºDNNLPÌQXNLORPHWHUQDGDSSQ
HQDNNXNRQMDPNSSLDOODWKXW¯Y¼XP
Q¯QJDYDÄDNNDPSÀODXQJDYOHVHLQJD
DYDUNXGKLUHPOHYDUXYUQQVDLNNDOOHYDUXYQ
YD¼GL\LOLUXQGKXVPQHOOPY¯WWXNNXNRQGXSÀQJD
HQPÌNNXND¼¼DGLNRQGXYQJDDSSRGKQQQLGKHYVLNNDPXGL\XP
LQGKDND¼¼DGLY¯WWOH\ULUXNNUQJD"
105
Adi’s Book.
LQJHQXQJDXNNUDNÌGGKXSH¼¼XQJDXNNUXYQJD
inge PEDºHQJDXNNUDNÌGGKXSRPEDºHQJDXNNUXYQJD
(same meaning as previous sentence, but colloquial equivalent words)
QWKXHOOPHQDNNXURPEDMRUDP
QQMRUDWKXNNKDPDUXQWKXYQJDSÀUQ
QODNNLXQJDMRUDPVXPULUXNNXP
VXPUUHQGXPVDWKWKXNNXDSUDPHQQHSDUXQJD
\ULGDPLUXQGKXLQGKDNHWWDYDÄDNNDQJDNDWKWKXNRºUH"
QQLQQDNNLUH¼GXSGDWKWKXNNXPOHSDGLNNDPWWQ
XQJDºLGDWKOHQLFKFKD\DPSD¼DPLUXNNXGKXLOOH\"
XQJDX\DUDPQDNXGKLUHPOLUXQGKXLUDQJXQJD
ippo ennidathle andha nalla pusthaham irukkudhu.
HQQDNNXLQGKDVNNXVROOGKLQJD
RUXQDOODPÌNNXND¼¼GLLQGKDÌUOHYQJDPXGL\XP"
Q¯QJDV¯NUDPWKDPLÄNDWKWKXNRººDPXGL\XPLQQXQQVRºUQ
LQGKDSXVWKDKDWKOHXQJDOXNNXHQGKDSGDPQDOODSLGLNNXP"
Q¯QJDLQGKDNDGHOHND¼¼GLVPQYQJDOP
Q¯QJDXGDQVSDWKULNNXSÀKD¼XPQLQQXQJDºXNNXURPEDMVWKLMRUDP
HQNDGLGKDWKWKXNNXQ¯QJDQDOODEDGKLONRGXNNDOH
DQGKDNÌWWDWKOHFKXPDUHWKWKDQHSULUXNUQJD"
LQQRUXSGDWKOHRUXQDOODSDGDPLUXNNXGKX
PGXNXGKLUH\HSÀODYKDPÀGDPXGL\GKX
XQJDºXNNXDGLNDGLMRUDPYDUXWK"
FKHQQDLLQJHUXQGKXVXPUQÌWKXPXSSDWKXNLORPHWDUGKÌUDPLUXNNXGKX
Q¯QJDLQGKDYOH\HHWKWKDQHQLPLVKDWKWKOHVHL\DPXGL\XP"
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
106
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 29.
NOUNS AND PRONOUNS – COMPLETE DECLENSIONS.
Nouns.
Regular.
Case Meaning Animate Inanimate
Nominative (x=Subj) UPDQ petti
Accusative (x=Obj) UPDQH pettiye
Instrumental (by x) UPDQ SHWWL\OH
Instrumental (with x) UPDQÀGX SHWWL\ÀGX
Dative (to x) UPDQXNNX pettikku
Dative (for x) UPDQXNNKD SHWWLNNKD
Ablative (from x) UPDQLGDPLUXQGKX pettiyilirundu
Genitive (x’s) UPDQ petti
Locative (in x) UPDQLGDWKOH pettile
Vocative (oh x! ) UPDQ SHWWL\RER[
(where x = any noun or pronoun)
107
Adi’s Book.
Personal Pronouns.
QQ QP QQJD Q¯
enne namme HQJDºH unne
HQQOH QDPPOH engDºOH XQQOH
HQQÀGX QDPPÀGX HQJDºÀGX XQQÀGX
enakku namakku HQJDºXNNX unnakku
HQDNNKD QDPDNNKD HQJDºXNNKD XQQDNNKD
ennidamirundhu nammidamirundhu HQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX unnidamirundhu
en nam enga un
ennidathle nammidathle HQJDºLGDthle unnidathle
Q¯QJD avan ava avar
XQJDºH avane DYDºH avare
XQJDºOH DYDQOH DYDºOH DYDUOH
XQJDºÀGX DYDQÀGX DYDºÀGX DYDUÀGX
XQJDºXNNX avanukku DYDºXNNX avarukku
XQJDºXNNKD DYDQXNNKD DYDºXNNKD DYDUXNNKD
XQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX avanidamirundhu DYDºLGDPLUXQGKX avaridamirundhu
unga avan ava avar
XQJDºLGDWKOH avanidathle DYDºLGDWKOH avaridathle
avanga adhu adhunga HOOUXP
DYDQJDºH adhe DGKXQJDºH HOOU\XP
DYDQJDºOH DGKOH DGKXQJDºOH HOOUOXm
DYDQJDºÀGX DGKÀGX DGKXQJDºÀGX HOOUÀGXP
DYDQJDºXNNX adhukku DGKXQJDºXNNX HOOUXNNXP
DYDQJDºXNNKD DGKXNNKD DGKXQJDºXNNKD HOOUXNNKDYXP
DYDQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX adhanidamirundhu DGKXQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX
HOOULGDPLUXQGKXP
avanga adhan adhunga, ellUXGD\DYXP
DYDQJDºLGDWKOH adhanidathle DGKXQJDºLGDWKOH HOOULGDWKWKLOXP
DGKXQJDºLOLUXQGKX
DOWHUQDWLYH
-------------------------
108
Adi’s Book.
Reflexive Pronouns.
To avoid repetition of the pronouns, reflexive pronouns are used inTamil.
µWKP¶DQGµWKQJD¶DUHWKHWZRSOXUDOIRUPVIRUµWKQ¶7KHVHDUHRQO\XVHGIRUrd Person.
WKQVLQJRQHVHOI WKPSO WKDQJDºSO
thanne thamme WKDQJDºH
WKDQQOH WKDPPOH WKDQJDºOH
WKDQQÀGX WKDPPÀGX WKDQJDºÀGX
thanakku thamakku WKDQJDºXNNu
WKDQDNNKD WKDPDNNKD WKDQJDºXNNKD
thannidamirundhu thammidamirundhu WKDQJDºLGDPLUXQGKX
than tham thanga
thannidathle thammidathle WKDQJDºLGDWKOH
Vocabulary
salave wash (n) salave sei (s.thth) wash , do washing
kanji starch (n) kanji podu (w.tt) starch, put starch
WKDYDUPH without fail.
Practical Conversation. – With a Dhobi.
C: Customer D: Dhobi.
&GKÀEL\Q¯QJD\UY¯WWOHWKX¼LYHºXNULQJD"'KRELIRUZKRPGR\RXZDVKFORWKHV"
'XQJDSDNNDWKWKXY¯WWOHQQGKQYHºXNUQ I am washing in the adjacent house.
&QÌUXWKX¼LNNXHYºDYXSD¼DPYQJULQJD" How much do you charge for 100 pieces
'QÌUXWKX¼LNNXSDWKLQDQMXUÌEYQJUQ I charge Rs 15.00 for 100 pieces.
&RUXPVDWKOHHWKWKDQHVDODYHNRGXNNDPXGL\XP"
How many washes can you give each month?
'RUXPDVDWKOHUH¼GXVDODYHWKDYDUPHNRGXNNDPXGL\XPWKX¼LNNXNDQMLSÀGD¼XP"
I can give two washes a month without fail. Do you want starch for your clothes?
&HQWKX¼LQJDOOXNNXNDQMLY¼PQURPEDVXGKGKDPVDODYHVHL\D¼XP
I don’t want starch for my clothes, but you should wash them very clean.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
109
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 30.
VERBS, STRONG, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘THTH’ AS MEDIAL..
padi study YVL read
kudi drink vai put, place
SU see, look at, look after edu take, lift, pick up
padu lie down adi hit, strike
kadi bite NXºL bathe
kodu give kaththukodu teach
vil sell manni forgive
udhe kick aru cut (with knife)
LÄX pull XED\ÀJLXED\ÀKL use
thude wipe DYLÄ untie
kide obtain thai sew, stitch
sandhi meet VDPEGKL earn
dhandi punish thuve wash
nine think pari pluck, snatch
poru bear (suffering) vali feel painful
YVDQHSU smell PÀQGKXSU smell
UDPEL begin uchchari pronounce
PL graze gudhi jump
DÄL destroy ghavani listen, pay attention
NLÄL tear kure reduce, decrease
same cook siri laugh
nane wet WKL rub
ude break madi fold
marai hide *pidi (pidi) is liked (catch)
valar grow, rear *pasi feel hungry
mudi finish, close
YU perspire
*only neuter present, past and future
110
Adi’s Book.
The predicate in the past tense agrees with the number, gender and person of the subject.
(as seen before in the present tense and future tense)
SUWKQ I saw, SUWKÀP We saw, SUWKQJD They saw,etc.
Vocabulary
niram colour vali pain, ache
YHººH white vali, vali edu feel pain
karuppu black pasi hunger
sivappu red pasi, pasi edu feel hunger
pachche green GKKDP thirst
PDQMDº yellow GKKDPHGX feel thirst
paruppu brown mukyam importance
ÌGK violet vahappu class, standard
Q¯ODP blue VDPH\DONUDn cook (n)
UDQMX orange padukke bed
Short Sentences.
QWKXPUOHMVWKLYDOLHGXWKWKDGKX Yesterday I had a lot of pain in my chest.
DSGL\VDULLSSRHQJHYDOLNNXGKX" Is that so? Right, where does it hurt now?
3. enakku ippo romba pasi edukkudhu. I am very hungry now.
QWKXXQJDºXNNXQDOODSDVLHGXWKWKDGK" Yesterday were you very hungry?
XQJDºXNNXDGLNNDGLGKKDPHGXNNXGK" Do you often feel thirsty?
L¼¼DNLPDGK\QDPHQDNNXURPEDGKKDPHGXWKWKDGKX
This afternoon I was very thirsty.
LGKXNRQMDPNDVKWDPQDSGDPLGKHQDOODJKDYDQLWKWKLQJDº"
This is a slightly difficult lesson; did you pay good attention?
QWKXQQRUXQDOODPDQXVKDUHVDQGKLWWQ Yesterday I met a good man.
Q¯QJDPDUXSDGL\XPDYDUHVDQGKLSSLQJDº" Will you meet him again?
HQDNNKDRUXVDPH\DONUDQHSUWKWKLQJDO" Did you look for a cook for me?
LYDUGKQLQGKDVSSWWHVDPHWKWKUVDPH\DOVHLGKU
This person himself cooked this food.
111
Adi’s Book.
DL\XQJDºXNNXHOOYLGKDPQDVSSGXPVDPHNNDWKHUL\XP"
Sir, do you know how to cook all kinds of foods?
LGKXHOOPPXN\DPQDSGDQJD These are all important lessons.
LGKHWKLUXPEDWKLUXPEDSDGLNND¼XP You should study them again and again.
XQJDºLGDPNRQMDPYHººHNLGKDPLUXNNXGK"
Do you have some white (unlined) paper?
LQGKDNDUXSSXGX\UXGH\DGX" Whose goat is this black goat?
LOHSDFKFKHQLUDPLUXNNXGKXSÌVLYDSSLUXNNXGKX
The leaf is green, the flower is red.
WKDNNOLSDÄDPXPVLODDSSLOSDÄDPXPVLYDSSLUXNNXWKX
Tomatoes and some apples are red.
UXSDFKFKHYDÄDSDÄDPXPUXPDQMDºYDÄDSDÄXPXPYQJXQJD
Buy six green and six yellow plantains.
QQJDDQGKDNHWWDSDL\DQHSLGLWKÀPQDYDQHDGLNNDOH
We caught that bad boy, but did not beat him.
\HQGKDQLXQJDOHNDGLWKWKDGKX" Which dog bit you?
QQHQDUHOHSDGXWKQQWKÌQJDOH I laid down in my room but did not sleep.
WKÀWWDNUDQPWWHQDGLWKWKQ" Why did the gardener beat the ox.
QLQQDQGKDPGXNL¼DWKWKXWKD¼¼L\HNXGLWKWKDGKX
Because the ox drank the well-water.
HQPÌNNXND¼¼GL\HQJHYDLWKWKLQJD" Where did you put my spectacles?
ND¼¼GKLOH\UPXKDWKWKHSUWKLQJD" Whose face did you see in the mirror?
QWKXQLQJDHQJHNXºLWKWKLQJD Where did you bathe yesterday?
UPDQHQDNNXRUXQDOOSXVWKDKDPNRGXWKWKQ
Raman gave me a good book.
URWWL\HHQGKDNDWKL\OHDUXWKWKLQJD" With which knife did you cut the bread?
XQJDºXNNX\UWKDPLÄNDWKWKXNRGXWKWKQJD" Who taught you Tamil?
-------------------------
112
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. – With Your Servant.
M: Master, S: Servant.
0DQGKDVPDQHOOPHQFUXNNXNRQGXSÀ Take all this luggage to my car.
6DQGKDSHWWLNÌGDNRQGXSÀKDQXP" Should I take that box as well?
0PSHWWLSDGXNNHHOOPNRQGXSÀKDY¼XPLSSRHQDNKDRUXWLFNHWYQJX
Yes, trunk, bedding, everything should be taken. Buy a ticket for me now.
6HQGKDÌUXNNXWLFNHWYQJD¼XP" To which place should I buy a ticket?
0NRONDWKWKYXNNXPÌQXPXGKDOYDKXSSXWLFNHWYQJX
Buy three First Class tickets to Calcutta.
6UD\LOYDQGLHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXVWVKDQXNNXYUXP"
What time will the train come to the station?
0UD\LOYDQGLVWVKDQXNNXVDUL\SDWKXPD¼LNNXYUXP
The train will come to the station at 10 o’clock exactly.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 29.
Q\HHQQDNDGLWKWKDGKX" Q\H\UDGLWKWKQJD"
Q¯QJDQ\XPDGLNNDOHSÌQH\XPDGLNNDOH QLDYDUHNDGLWKWKDGKX
DGKDQOHDYDUDWKHDGLWKWKU Q¯QJDQ\HQDYLÄWhthinga?
LQGKDSGDPQ¯QJDSDGLWKWKLQJDº" LQGKDSGDPNDWKWKXNRGXWKWKQJDº"
LQGKDSGDPJKDYDQLWKWKLQJDº L¼¼DNLYGK\UHVDQGKLWKWKÀP
LGKXNNKDHQNXÄDQGKHGKDQGLWKWKQ NXÄDQGKHDQGKDSXVWKDKDWKWKHNLÄLWKWKDGKX
LQGKDVDQJDGKL\HQPDUDLWKWKLQJD" LQGKDVDQJDGL\HQ¯QJDHQDNNXQVROODOH"
DQGKDVDPFKFKUDPHQQDNNXQWKXGKQNLGDLWKWKDGKX
DQGKDNDGLGDWKWKHSDGLWKWKQ QQURPEDURPEDVLULWKWKQ
XQJDºXNNXHQGKDQLUDPSLGLWKWKDGKX" HQDNNXQ¯ODQLUDPURPEDSLGLWKWKDGKX
HQJDQLGKQSDÄXSSXQLUDP DYDQJDºXNNXDQGKDNDUXSSXSÌQHSLGLNNDOH
DQGKDYHººHQLUDQLHQDNNXY¼XP SDFKFKHLOHNNXSLQQOHVLYDSSXSÌLUXNNXGKX
L¼¼DNNLHQDNNXURPEDSDVLHGXWKDGKX L¼¼DNNLNODPHHQDNNXURPEDSDVLWKDGKX
HQDNNXGKKDPNÌGDHGXWKWKDGKX ippo enakku pasiyum dhKDPXPHGXNNDGKX
HQNOMDVWKLYDOLWKWKDGKX LQGKDPDUXQGKHNOOHQDOOWKLWKQ
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113
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 31.
VERBS, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘THTH’ AS MEDIAL, CONTINUED.
Vocabulary
WKPDGLVWKWK delay pidi (s.thth) catch
thaiyal stitch (n) ÄHDGM poor (no money)
WKX¼L cloth kuruhal narrowness
Q¯ODP length ahalam, agalam breadth, width
uyaram height kutte short
UDP depth nadu, madhdhi centre
sadhuram square vattam circle
NXºLNUDDUH bathroom NDNNÌVX latrine
innu that (Conjunction) vishayam news, matter
Short Sentences.
WKXQL\WKD¼¼LOH\QQDQHWKWKLQJD" Why did you wet this cloth with water?
LGKXURPEDQDOODYLVKD\DPLQQXQQQLQHWKWKQ
I thought it was a very good thing.
Q¯QJDDSGLQLQHNNDOHLOOH\" You did not think so, did you?
HQJDNL¼DUXUDPQDNL¼DUX Our well is a deep well.
XQJDVSDWKULNDWWDGDPX\DUDPQDNDWWDGDP
Your hospital building is a high building.
DYDUDSSX\DUDPLUXNUU His father is tall.
HQDUHMVWKLQ¯ODPLOOH My room is not very long.
XQJDYDWWDPQDWKÀWWDPHQJH" Where is your round garden.
RUXSHUL\DVDGKXUDPQDSHWWLY¼XP I want a big square box.
Q¯QJDLQGKDDKDODPQDDUHOHWKÌQJDOP You may sleep in this wide room.
DYDQJDY¯WWXNNXYDÄLNXUXKDOLUXNNXGKX The way to their house is narrow.
XQJDNXÄDQGKHHSSRYXPVLULNNXGKX Your child is always laughing.
PQQNÌGDDSGLGKQQLQHWKWKQ Yes, I thought so too.
114
Adi’s Book.
Q¯QJDNÌGD\QDSGLVLULWKWKLQJD" Why did you also laugh like that?
LQGKDQ\XQJD\UYDºDUNUQJD" Who is rearing these dogs.
QNNULQJDXQJDºHNDGLWKWKDQJDº" Why d’you ask, did they bite you?
DQGKDPPÄHGKQQNXÄDQGKHQJDºHQDOYDºDUWKWKU
That woman is only poor, but she brought up her children well.
QQRUXQDOODSXVWKDKDWKWKHSDGLNNDUDPELWKWKQ I began to study a good book.
XQJDYOH\HHSSRPXGLWKLQJD" When did you finish your work?
GKD\DYXVHLGKXRUXWKD\DONUDQHNÌSSLGXQJD Please call a tailor.
DL\XQJDWKDL\DOQDOODLOOHDWKXQLSGLWKDLWKWKLQJD
Sir, your stitching is not good, why did you sew it like this.
WKDL\DONUDUPXGKDOOHWKX¼L\HNLÄLWKWKUDSUDPWKDLNNDUDPELWKWKU
The tailor tore the cloth first, then began to sew.
DGKXRUXPXN\DPQDNDGLGKDPDGKHNLÄLNNGKLQJD
That is an important letter, don’t tear it.
HQXGH\DPÌWWH\H\UDYLÄWKWKQJDVROOXQJD Tell me, who untied my bundle?
QQGKQDGKHDYLÄWKWKQHQQHQ¯QJDNDWW\DPPDQQLNND¼XP
I untied it, you must excuse me.
Practical Conversation. – At The Hotel.
T: Traveller, H: Hotel Manager.
7HQDNNXRUXSHUL\DVXGKGKDPQDDUHY¼XP I want a big clean room.
+QDOODGKXYQJDXQJDºXNNXRUXSHUL\DDUHNRGXNNUQ
Alright, come along, I will give you a big room.
7LQGKDDUHNNXRUXQºXNNXHYºDYXSD¼DP" How much per day for this room?
+LGKXNNXRUXQºXNNXDLQÌUXUÌEYQJDUQXQJDºXNNXHWKWKDQHQºXNNXY¼XP"
We charge Rs 500.00 per day for this. For how many days do you want the room?
7DUHRUXYUDWKWKXNNXY¼XP I want the room for a week.
+RQVX¯WNXOLNUDDUHLQJHGKQLUXNNXGKXHSSRYXPVXGXÀGXGKXWKD¼¼LNLGHNNXWKX
Ensuite bathroom is here. Hot running water is always available.
7QDOODGKXW¯HWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXNLGHNNXP" Good. At what time can we get tea?
-------------------------
115
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 30.
LYDUHQJHWKDL\DONUDU" HQJDWKX¼LQJDHOOPLYDUGKQWKDLNUU
DYDUWKX¼LQJDºHPXGKDOOHWKD¼¼LOHQDQHNUU
LSGL\XPDSGL\XPWKX¼L\HNLÄLNUU LYDUWKDL\DOHQJDºXNNXURPEDSLGLNNXP
LQGKDYDÄLURPEDNXUXKDOLUXNNXGKX URPEDQ¯ODPQDNDGLGKDPHÄXGKGKLQJD
HQJDWKÀWWDWKOHLGKXGKQURPEDX\DUDPQDPDUDP
DQGKDDJDODPQDYDÄLOHSÀQJD
YDWWDPQDNL¼DWKOHWKD¼¼LMVWKLLOOH DGKXUDPQDNL¼DUXLOOH
Q¯QJDV¯NUDPWKDPLÄSVXYLQJDLQQXQQQLQHNUQ
QLQJDHOOUXPWKDPLÄQDOOSVULQJDLQQXDYDUVROUU
DQGKDWKDL\DONUDUDÄDKWKDLNUULQQXHQVQKLGKDUVROUU
HOODPXWWHQJDOXPRUNÌGHOHYDLNNGKLQJD WKX¼LQJDHOOPRUXPÌWWH\NDWWXQJD
PXWWH\HPÌWWHOHYDLNNDNÌGGKX NXGH\HNÌGHOHYDLNNDOP
NDGHNNXSÀKDNXGH\XPNÌGH\XPNRQGXYQJD
YQJDLQGKDYOHVHL\DYQJD QLQJDLQGKDYOHVHL\DOH
LQGKDYOHVHL\GKLQJD \ULQGKDYOHVHLUQJD"
WKLUXPEDLQGKDYOHVHLYLQJDº" LOOHQQDGKHVHL\DPWWQ
DYDULQGKDYOHNDWW\DPVHL\D¼XP
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116
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 32.
VERBS, WEAK, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘DH’ AS MEDIAL..
sei make, do nei weave
PDÄHSHL
rain DÄX cry
PDÄHSHLFRQMXJDWHVRQO\IRU1HXWHUSUHVHQWSDVWDQGIXWXUH
XÄXUXÄX plough WKRÄX worship
Vocabulary
NDGDYXº God PÀVDP evil, badness
RYR¼¼X one of each RYRUXYDU one by one (person)
ovoru each (adj) RYR¼¼ one by one
R¼¼ together ovoruvarum each person
U plough vayal, nilam field
ÌUDYDQ farmer NXGL\QDYDQ farmer
QHVDYºL weaver QHVDYXYOH weaving
V\DP colour JHWWLV\DP fast colour
uduppu clothes QÌO thread
pattu silk melisu thin, fine
SUSÀQDGKX be famous (thing) SUSÀQDYDU be famous (person)
buddi bottle marundhu medicine
mai-buddi ink-bottle mai ink
ÌWKWKXZLQ pour YUVWKWK pour
SD¼DSSDL purse
Short Sentences.
LQGKDYOH\HHOOUXPR¼¼VHLGKDQJD They all did this work together.
LGKXPÀVDPQDYOHLGKH\UVHLGKDGKX" This is a bad job. Who did this.
XQJDÌUOHQDOOPDÄHSHLGKDGK" Did it rain hard at your place?
UDQLSDWWXSXGXYHNNXSUSÀQDGKX Arni is famous for silk sarees.
NQMLSXUDWKOHNÌGDSDWWXVOHQHLUQJD At Kanjipuram also they weave silk sarees.
,QGKDDÄDKQDVOH\HNDL\OHQHLGKQJD They wove this beautiful saree by hand.
117
Adi’s Book.
DQGKDSDL\DQXNNXURPEDSDVLHGXWKWKDGKXDGKDQDOHGKQDYDQDSGLDÄXGKQ
That boy was very hungry, that is why he cried like that.
NXGL\QDYDQYD\DOOHUÌUDUQ The farmer is ploughing in the field.
NXGL\QDYDQXNNXµÌUDYDQ¶LQQXLQQRUXSU The farmer has another name, ‘uravan’.
SÀQDQLWKWKXNLÄDPHNÀYLOOHWKRÄXGKÀP We worshipped at church last Sunday
RYYRUXPDQXVKDUXPGKLQDQGKÀUXPNDGDYXºHWKÀUD¼XP
Each and every person should worship God daily.
,QGKDVPQRYYR¼¼XPHQQDYLOH" What is the price of each of these?
Q¯QJDRYYRUXYDUXPRUXSWWXSGD¼XP Everyone of you should sing a song.
XQJDSQOHPDLLUXNNXGK Is there ink in your pen.
LOOHHQSQOHNRQMDPPDLÌWKWKXQJD No, pour a little ink in my pen.
16. mai buddile enna mai irukkudhu? What ink is in the ink-bottle?
17. mai-buddile karuppu mai irukkudhu. There is black ink in the ink-bottle.
Q¯QJDRYYRUXWKDPLÄSGDPXPQDOOSDGLNND¼XP
You should study each Tamil lesson well.
LGKXPDUXQGKXEXGGLGKQ" This is a medicine bottle, is it not?
HQDÄDKQDXGXSSHQ¯QJDSUWKWKLQJDO" Did you see my beautiful garment?
Practical Conversation. – At a Cloth Shop.
W: Woman Customer, S: Shopkeeper.
:DL\XQJDºLGDPQÌOVOHQJDLUXNNXGK" Sir, do you have cotton sarees?
6PQJDPPHQJDºLGDPPDGKXUDLFÀLPEDWWÌUQÌOSDGDYHQJDLUXNNXGKX
Yes madam, we have Madhurai, Coimbatore, cotton sarees.
:PHOLVXWKX¼LOHVLODPDGXUDLSXGXYHQJDSUNND¼XPQV\DPJHWWL\LUXNNX¼XP
I want to see some Madhurai sarees in fine material, but they should be fast colours.
6VDULQJDLQGKDQ¯ODQLUDVOHYQJLNROOXQJDJHWWLVD\DPV\DPHSSRYXPSÀKGKX
Alright madam, take this blue saree. Fast colour. The colour will never fade.
:DQGKDSDWWXVOHQJDHOOPHQGKDÌUOHQHLUQJD"
Where do they weave all those silk sarees?
118
Adi’s Book.
6SDWWXVOHQJDUDQL\LOXPNQMLSÌUDWKWKLOXPQHLUQJD
They weave silk sarees in Arni and Kanchipuram.
:LSSRHQDNNXSDWWXVOHY¼PQÌOVHOHSÀGKXP
I don’t want silk sarees now, cotton will do.
6VDULQJDPPXQJDLVKWDP Alright madam, as you please.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 32.
LQGKDYOH\UVHLGKDGKX" QQLQGKDYOH\HVHL\DOH
Q¯QJDGKQLSGLVHLGKLQJDº" URPEDQOLQJHPDÄHSHL\DOH
SÀQDYDUXVKDPNÌGDMVWKLPDÄHLOOH SÀQDPVDPURPEDPDÄHSHLGKDGKX
QDºDNNLNÌGDPDÄHSHL\DOP XQJDNXÄDQGKHUWKULDÄXGKQ"
NXÄDQGKHNNXURPEDSDVLHGXWKWKDGKX DGKDQOHDGKXURPEDDÄXGKDGKX
FKLQQDNXÄDQGKHQDOODÄX¼XP DSSRGKQNXÄDQGKHNNXQDOOSDVLHGXNNXP
YOÌUXNNXNLWWDRUXFKLQQDJUPDWKOHQÌOVOHQJDQHLUQJD
LQGKDJUPDWKOHHOOUXNNXPQHVDYXYOHQDOODWKHUL\XP
QHVDYºLQJDºXNNXLSSRHOOPNDVKWDPLOOH
DYDQJDRUXQººHHWKWKDQHVOHQHLYQJD"
ÌUDYDQLGDPULUXNNXGKX UOHDYDQQLODWKWKHYD\DOHÌUDUQ
ÌUDYDQÀGXPGXQJDQºHOOPYOHVHLGKXQJD
ovvoru paiyanukkum pusthaham irukudhu. RYYRUXYDUXPSGDWKWKHQDOOSDGLNND¼XP
RYYRUXYDUDQGKDDUHNNXSÀQJD LQGKDSDÄDPRYYR¼¼XPHQQDYLOH"
SDÄDQJDºHRYYR¼¼PVHPOHYDLQJD
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119
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 33.
VERBS, - PAST TENSE
WITH ‘NDH’ AS MEDIAL.
Strong Verbs with ‘ndh’ as medial in the past tense.
iru be pira to be born
endhiri get up mara forget
kida lie down thira open
kala mix nada walk
para fly DºD measure
kara yield milk PL graze
Weak Verbs with ‘ndh’ as medial in the past tense.
XNNU sit puhu enter
WK give kuni bend forward
Y come VL lean
NRQGXY bring ale, thiri wander
SÀLVU reach vandKXVU arrive
ÀL cease nahar move (intr)
YLÄX fall HÄX rise
YDºDU grow (intr) YÄ live
QUDPSRUXWKWKXY be late, come late
The following verbs conjugate only for Neuter; Present, Past and Future.
ude break eri burn
theri know mudi finish (intr)
QÀ ache, pain puri be clear
Short Sentences.
QWKXNOHOHQQVDUL\QOXPD¼LNNXHÄXQGKQ
Yesterday I got up at exactly 4 o’clock in the morning.
LQGKDQNNOLHSGLXGHQGKDGKX"LGKDQPOH\UXNNUQGKQJD"
How did this chair break? Who sat on it?
120
Adi’s Book.
HWKWKDQHSGDQJDºHPDUDQGKLQJD"QLQJDSGDQJDºHPDUDNNDNÌGGKX
How many lessons did you forget? You should not forget lessons.
Q¯QJDOHQSHWWL\HWKLUDQGKLQJD" Did you open my box?
DQGKDPPYXNNXHQQDNXÄDQGKHSLUDQGKDGKX" What was the child born to that lady?
LQGKDYOHHSSRPXGLndhadhu? When was this work finished? (intr)
Q¯QJDLGKHHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXPXGLththinga? At what time did you finish this work?
L¼¼DNLPDGK\QDPQ¯QJDWKLUXPEDWKLUXPEDQDGDQGKLQJD
You walked again and again this afternoon.
DGKDQDOHGKQXQJDºXNNXNOYDOLNNXGKX That is why your legs are aching.
QLQJDYOHNUDQXNNXHYºDYXSD¼DPWKDQGKLQJD"
How much money did you give to the servant?
XQJDNXÄDQGKH\HNRQGXYDQGKLQJDºQQDGKHSDUNND¼XP
Did you bring your child? I must see it.
L¼¼DNLQ¯QJDQURPEDQUDPSRUXWKWKXYDQGKLQJD"
Why did you come very late today?
HQQÀGXQ¯QJDHSSRYXPWKDPLÄOHSVXYLQJDº"
Will you always speak with me inTamil?
QQQNNOLPOHVLQGKQDGKDQOHDGKXNLÄHYLÄXQGKDGKX
I leaned on the chair, therefore it fell down.
SONUDQSOHVDUL\DºDQGKQ" Did the milkman measure the milk properly?
QWKXLQGKDNOQÀQGKDGKXL¼¼DNLLQGKDNDLQÀKXGKX
Yesterday this leg ached. Today this leg is aching.
Q¯QJDMVWKLSOXPSDÄDPXPVSSLGD¼XPSXULQGKDGK
You should take a lot of fruit and milk, you understand.?
LQGKDPDQXVKDUHQJHSLÄDQGKUHSGLYDODUQGKU\UXNNXPWKHUL\GKX
Nobody knows where this man was born and how he was brought up.
Q¯QJDNXQLQGKLQJDDSSRXQJDSD¼DSSDLNLÄHYLÄXQGKDGKX
You bent down, then your purse fell down.
DGKXXQJDºXNNXHSGLWKHULQGKDGKX"Q¯QJDDGKHSUWKWKLQJDº"
How did you know that? Did you see it?
121
Adi’s Book.
QQXQJDOHSUNNDXQJDY¯WWXNNXYDQGKQ I came to your house to see you.
QQLSSRGKQWKÌNNDWKWKLOLULQGKXHÄXQGKQ I woke up just now from sleep.
LQGKDVDQGKÀVKDPQDVDQJKDGLHQDNNXQWKXGKQWKHULQGKDGKX
Only yesterday I came to know of this happy news.
XQJDSÌQHHSGLNL¼DWKOHYLÄXQGKDGKX" How did your cat fall into the well?
HQQDOODND¼¼GLUHQGXGHQGKDGKX My nice mirror broke into two.
Practical Conversation. – School Caretaker.
S: Schoolmaster, C: Caretaker.
6L¼¼DNNLHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXSDººLNÌGDPWKLUDQGKHSS"
At what time did you open the school today ‘pa.
&QQHWWXPD¼LNNXSDººLNÌGDPWKLUDQGKQ
I opened the school at 8 o’clock.
6NXÄDQGKHQJDHOOUXPVDUL\QDQUDWKOHYDKDSSXNNXYDQGKQJDº"
Did all of the children come to the class in time?
&PQJDHOOSLººHQJDºXPVDUL\QDQUDWKOHYDKDSSXNNXYDQGKQJDºD"
Yes Sir, all the children came to the class on time.
6HQGKDSDL\DQPDUDWKWKLOLUXQGKXYLÄXQGKQ
Which boy fell from the tree?
&UPDQHQQXPX\DUDPQDSDL\DQPDUDWKWKLOLUXQGKXYLÄXQGKQ
The tall boycalled Raman fell from the tree.
6DYDQNDLNOXGHQGKDGKHQQD" Did he break an arm or leg?
&WKHUL\GKXQJDQRUXGRFWRUDYDQHSUWKWKU
I don’t know Sir, but a doctor saw him.
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122
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 34.
VERBS, - PAST TENSE
WITH ‘NDH’ AS MEDIAL, CONTINUED.
Vocabulary
pasu cow pul grass
YLWK\VDP difference LQLPOH henceforth
WKDQL\ alone R¼¼ together
WKD¼¼L\ watery moththam in all, total, on the whole.
kodi flag, vine DE\VDP exercise (n).
YLºDNNX lamp puthu new
dhadave time, (No. of times) WKÀL wash (clothes)
NL dry Ira wet
Short Sentences.
QWKWKHOOPQ¯QJDYH\LOOHWKLULQGKLQJD All of yesterday you wandered in the sun.
DGKDQOGKQL¼¼DNLQ¯QJDVXKDPLOOH That is why you are unwell today.
XQJDºHVDQGKLNNDÌUHOOPDOHQGKQ I wandered all over the place to meet you.
QQURPEDQUDPHQDUHOHLUXQGKQ I was in my room for a very long time.
NÀYLOOHPRWKWKDPHWKWKDQHYLºDNNXQJDHULQGKDGK"
How many lamps in all were burning in the temple?
UWKULURPEDPDÄHSHLGKDGKXNWKWKOHGKQÀLQGKDGKX
It rained heavily at night; only in the morning did it cease.
QLQJDXQJDYOHVDUL\VHL\DOHLQLPOHDSGLVHL\DNÌGGKX
You are not doing your work properly. Henceforth you should not do that.
QQLQJHDQMXYDUXVKDWKWKXNNXPXQQOHYOHNNXVUQGKQ
I joined here for work five years ago.
Q¯QJDRUXQDOODSXVWKDKDPHQDNNXDQXSSLQLQJD
You sent me a good book.
DQJHQ¯QJDHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXSÀLVUQGKLQJD"
At what time did you reach there?
123
Adi’s Book.
DYDQJDVLQJODPDQMXPD¼LNNXLQJHYDQGKXVUQGKQJD
They arrived at here at five o’clock in the evening.
LQGKDPVHNNXPDQGKDPVHNNXP\HQQDYLWK\VDP"
What is the difference between this table and that table?
LQGKDPVHSXGKL\DGKXSXWKXVXDQGKDPVHSDÄD\DGKXSDUDVX
This table is new, that table is old.
LGKXUH¼GXNNXPDYºDYXGKQYLWK\VDP
That’s all the difference between these two.
WKDPLÄSXVWKDKDQJDºHWKDQL\YDLQJD Put the Tamil books separately.
HOOSXVWKDKDQJDºXPR¼¼YDLNNGKLQJD Don’t put all the books together.
Q¯QJDDQGKDLGDWKWKXNNXWKDQL\SÀKDNÌGKGKX
You should not go to that place alone.
L¼¼DNLSOWKD¼¼L\LOOHDGKXGKQQDOODGKX
Today the milk is not watery, that is indeed good.
DYDUQDOODSONUDUDYDUSOOHWKD¼¼LNDODNNDOH
He is a good milkman. He did not mix water with the milk.
NDWWDGDWKWKXNNXPOHHQJDGKVDWKWKXNRGLSDUDNNXGKX
Our national flag is flying over the building.
SÀQDYUDWKOHRUXURSOQK\DYLPQDPURPEDÌ\DUDWKOHSDUDQGKDGKX
Last week an aeroplane flew at a great height.
HQJDSDVXURPEDQDOODSONDUDNNXGKX Our cow yields a lot of good milk.
XQJDSDVXHWKWKDQHO¯WDUSONDUDQGKDGKX"
How many litres of milk did your cow give?
SONUDUSDVXYHSONDUDQGKU The milkman milked the cow.
QQJDSDODYDUXVKDPVDQGKÀVKDPYDUQGKÀP We lived happily for many years.
LQGKDDE\VDPÀYYRUXQººHUH¼GXGKDGDYHVHL\DQXP
You should do this exercise twice every day.
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124
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. – Housework.
H: Housewuife, C: Cleaner.
+LQGKDDUH\HVXGKGKDPVHLGKLQJDO" Have you cleaned this room?
&LQQXPLOOHQJDNRQMDPQUDWKOHVXGKGKDPVHL\DSÀUQ
Not yet Madam, I am going to clean it in a little while.
+PVHQNNOLHOOPGKÌVL\LUXNNXGKXGKÌVLQDOODWKXGHQJD
The tables and chairs are all dusty. Dust them properly.
&VDULQJD¶PDDGKXQJDHOOPWKX¼L\OHQDOOWKXGLSSQ
Alright Madam, I will wipe all of them well with a cloth.
+WKX¼LQJDURPEDDÄXNNDLUXNNXGKXL¼¼DNNLNDWW\DPWKÀLNND¼XP
The clothes are very dirty. You must wash them today.
&L¼¼DNNLPDGK\QDPWKX¼LQJDHOOPWKDYDUPDWKÀLSSQ
I shall wash all the clothes this afternoon without fail.
+¯UDWKX¼LQJDºHY¯WWXNNXPXQQOHN\DSÀGGKLQJDWKÀWWDWKOHN\DSÀGXQJD
Don’t put the wet clothes to dry in front of the house. Put them in the garden to dry.
&VDULQJD¶PDDSGL\VHLUQ Alright Madam, I will do so.
Expansion Drill, For Lessons 33&34.
SONUDQURPEDNODPHYDQGKQV¯NUDPSONDUDQGKQDGKXOHNRQMDPWKD¼¼L\XP
NDODQGKQLGKHOOPSUNNDQQDQJHLUXQGKQLQGKDVDQJDGKLXQJDºXNNXVROODQQ
PDUDQGKQXQJDYOHHSSRPXGLQGKDGKX"NRQMDQUDWKWKXNNXPXQQOHPXGLQGKDGKX
LQJHYDQGKQRUXQLPLVKDPXNNUQGKQHQYWK\ULQGKDSXVWKDKDPNRQGXYDQGKU
SXVWKDKDPNDL\LOLUXQGKXN¯ÄHYLÄXQGKDGKXDGKHHQDNNXSDGLNNDWKDQGUQQDGKH
HGXNNDNXQLQGKQSWWXVDGKGKDPUWKULSDWKWKXPD¼LNNXÀLQGKDGKXGRFWRUHVDQGKLNND
VSDWKULHOOPDOHQGKQDYDUVDUL\SDQQHQGXPD¼LNNXDUHNNXXººHSXKXQGKUDSSRGKQ
PDÄH\XPÀLQGKDGKXDQGKDYLVKD\DPHQDNNXLSSRGKQSXULQGKDGKXQ¯QJDPVHPOH
VLQGKLQJDXQJDSQDYLÄXQGKDGKXDSSRDGKXUH¼GXGHQGKDGKXXQJDY¯WWOHUWKULHOOP
YLºDNNX\QHULQGKDGKX"UWKULXQJDºXNNXQDOODWKÌNNDP"YLºDNNXVDQJDGKLXQJDºXNNX
HSGLWKHULQGKDGKX"UWKULHQWKDOHURPEDQRQGKDGKXHQDNNXURPEDWKDOHYDOLDGKDQOH
QQY¯WWLOLUXQGKXQDKDUDOHLGLRPWKDOHYDOLNODPHGKQÀLQGKDGKX
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125
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 35.
VERBS, WEAK, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘IN’ OR ‘N’ AS MEDIAL.
Among the following Weak Verbs:-
those ending in ‘u’ drop the’u’ and take ‘in’ as medial.
those not ending in ’u’ take ‘n’ as medial.
KX become, happen NDÄXYX wash (dishes not clothes)
YLÄXQJXPHO chew, masticate SD¼¼X do, make
madakku fold, bend nadaththu conduct
Q¯WWX stretch niruththu stop (trans)
thodangu begin, start WKDººX push
thattu pat, knock thittu scold
NQPOSÀ be lost kattu tie, build
WKGX search for PWKWKX change
VHWKWKXSSÀ die thadavu stroke, smear
ÀWWX drive XQGNNX create
Q¯QGKX swim virumbu desire
thirudu steal PUXLQWU change
PQGKXSÀ be deceived PDUDQGKXSÀ forget
PWKWKX deceive, cheat WKÀQX appear, seem
PWWXWU hang thongu hang
WKÌNNX lift pidungu wrench
NDÄDWWX take off, dismantle, strip
Vocabulary
male mountain siharam hill-top
PDLGKQDP open field, space
kulam tank kutte pond, puddle
samudhram ocean, sea kare shore, bank
ÀWWDO hotel NDFKUL performance
arume excellence avasaram urgency
126
Adi’s Book.
thuvarppu tartness SXºLSSX sourness
uppu saltness thithippu, inippu sweetness
kasappu bitterness NUDP pungence
rusi taste (n) UXVLSUVWKWK taste (v)
rasam pepper water PLºDKX pepper
Sentences.
LQGKL\YDNNXYDGDNNURPEDX\DUDPQDPDOHLUXNNXGKX
There is a very high mountain in the North of India.
WHQVLQJKXPKLODU\XPHYHUHVWVLKDUDWKWKXNNXPXGKDOPXGKDOOHSÀLVUQGKQJD
Tensingh and Hilary reached the top of Everest first of all.
SDUDWKWKHWKLUXGDDQGKDSDL\DQPDUDWKWKXPOHULQQ
That boy climbed up the tree to steal the fruit.
YD¼GL\LOLUXQGKXHSGLLUDQJLQLQJD" How did you get down from the cart?
NDGDOWKD¼¼LURPEDXSSLUXNNXGKX Sea water is very salty.
QDQJDPDGKXUDLOHRUXQDOODÀWWDOOHWKDQJLQÀP
We stayed in a good hotel in Madhurai.
Q¯QJDUWKULQDOODWKÌQJLQLQJDº" Did you sleep well last night?
LQJHGKQQDPNXÄDQGKHQJDQWKXYLOD\GLQQJD
Our children played only here yesterday.
LGKXYLºD\WWXPDLGKQDP This is the playing field.
DYDUSWWXNDFKFKULDQXPH\LUXQGKDGKX
His music performance was excellent.
DYDUHOOSWWXPQDOODSGLQU He sang all the songs well.
QWKXHQQDQDWKXHQQFKXQ¯QJDHOOUXPHQÀGLQLQJD"
What happened yesterday, why did all of you run?
DYDUHQDNNXGRFWRUY¯WWHNWWLQU He showed me the doctor’s house.
QQHQNXÄDQGKHQJDºXNNXRUXQDOODNDGKHVRQQQ
I told my children a good story.
DQGKDNÌWWDWKOH\UDUXPH\SVLQDQJD"
Who spoke excellently at that meeting.
127
Adi’s Book.
LGKXNXGLWKD¼¼LNXODPLGKXOH\UXPQLQGKDNXGKGKX
This is a drinking water tank. No one should swim in it.
NÀGDLNQDOULURPEDDÄDKQDUL The kodaikanal lake is a beautiful one.
QQXQJDOXNNKDNÀYLOXNNXPXQQOHURPEDQUDPQLQQ
I waited for you near the temple for a very long time.
DYDQWKLUXGLQQDGKDQOHDYDQHSÀO¯VNUDQJDSLGLWKWKQJD
He stole, therefore the police caught him.
20. yenna sonninga? dhayavuseithu marupadiyum sollunga.
What did you say? Please say it again.
QLQJDXQJDºHSDWKWKLHÄXGKLQLQJDQNXÄDQGKH\HSDWKWKLR¼¼XPHÄXWKDOH
You wrote about yourself, but you did not write anything about the child.
LQGKDPLWW\HVSSLGXQJDLGKXURPEDLQLSSLUXNNXP
Eat these sweets, this will be very sweet.
LGKXURPEDNDVDSSXHQDNNXNDVDSSQDPDUXQGKXY¼P
This is very bitter. I don’t want bitter medicine.
ÀWWDOVSSGXURPEDNUDPQURPEDUXVL\LUXNNXGKXVLODVDPD\DPDGKXVXGXLOOH
Hotel food is very hot (taste), but it is very tasty. Sometimes it is not hot (temp).
SXºLSSQDUDVDPHQDNNXSLGLNNGKX I do not like sour pepper water.
QLQGKDSDÄDPWKXYDUSSLUXNNXGKX" Why is this fruit tart.
XQJDDUDKQDNXGH\HHQJHYQJLQLQJD" Where did you buy your beautiful umbrella?
XQSDVXHQJDWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXYDQGKDGKX
Your cow came into our garden.
DGKXSXOPWKUXPLOOHVHGLQJDºXPPLQGKDGKX
It ate not only grass, but plants as well.
LQLPOHGXPGXQJDWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXYDUDNÌGGKX
From now on, goats and cows should not come into the garden.
L¼¼DNLQQPRWKWKDPDQMXSGDPSDGLWKWKQ
Today I studied five lessons in total
-------------------------
128
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. – At the Tailor’s.
T: Tailor C: Customer.
&DL\HQDNNXVLODXGXSSXQJDDYDVDUDPY¼XPV¯NUDPNRGXNNDPXGL\XP"
Sir, I want some garments urgently. Can you give them quickly?
7UH¼GXQººHNRGXSSQVDUL\" I will give them in two days, alright?
&QWKWKXLQGKDWKX¼LYQJLQQLGKXOHUH¼GXSQWVXPUH¼GXFKRNN\XPWKDLNND¼XP
I bought this material yesterday. Out of this two pants and two shirts should come.
7HQQDVRQQLQJDLQGKDWKXQLUH¼GXSQWVXPUH¼GXFKRNN\XPSÀGKGKX
(Ibeg your pardon), This is not enough cloth for two pants and two shirts.
&QQSÀGKXPQDWKX¼LYQJDPDUDQGKDSÀQQL¼¼DNLVDLQJODPYQJXYQ
I forgot to buy enough cloth. I will buy it this evening.
7LQQRUXWKXQLHQDNNXNWWLQLQJDLOOH\"DGKH\HQQDVHL\D¼XP"
You showed me some other cloth, didn’t you? What’s to be done with that?
&PDGKXEORXVWKX¼LLQGKDDºDYXOHPÌQXEORXVWKDLNND¼XP
Yes, that is blouse cloth. Three blouses are to be made of this size.
7VDULQJDHOOPYHººLNLÄDPHNDWW\DPNRGXSSQ
Alright Sir, I will give them on Friday without fail.
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129
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 36.
VERBS, WEAK, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘IN’ OR ‘N’ AS MEDIAL, CONTINUED.
Vocabulary
PDOKLDSSÌ jasmine UÀMSSÌ rose
dazan dozen kadhambam mixed flowers, garland
LSÀZQ be finished adi foot (length)
PGKGKLUH pill NLFKFKDO fever
H¼¼H oil udambu body
Sentences.
QQLQGKDWKDSOOHSÀGDPDUDQGKXSÀQQ I forgot to post this letter.
Q¯QJD\HQQDVHL\DYLUXPELQLQJD" What did you wish to do?
LQGKDGXGKQYÄHLOH\HPHQQDGKX Only this goat chewed the plantain leaf.
LQGKDPGKGKLUH\HPHOODNÌGGKXQ¯QJDLGKHYLÄXQJD¼XP
You should not chew this pill. You should swallow this.
XQJDNDL\XPNOXPQDOODQ¯WWDPXGL\XP"
Can you stretch your arms and legs well?
QWKWKXNDLNONRQMDPNRQMDPQ¯WWLQQDSSRQDOOQ¯WWDPXGLQGKDGKX
Yesterday I stretched hands and legs little by little, then I was able to stretch well.
SÀQDPVDPGKQQQJDWKDPLÄNDWKWKXNNRººDWKRGDQJLQÀP
Only last month we started to learn Tamil.
DYDUNDGKDYHURPEDPHGKXYWKDWWLQU He knocked at the door very gently.
HQSQDN¼PDOSÀQDGKXNQPDOSÀFKXY¯GHOOPWKGLQQNLGHNNDOH
My pen was lost. I searched for it all over the house; didn’t get it.
PÌQXYDUXVKDWKWKXNNXPXQQOHDYDUDSSVHWKWKXSÀQU
His father died three years ago.
DYDUHSGLVHWKWKXSÀQU What did he die of?
DYDUXNNXURPEDQONLFKFKDOLUXQGKDGKX
He had fever for a long time.
130
Adi’s Book.
YD¼GLNNUDQYD¼GL\HURPEDYKDPÀWWLQQ
The cart driver drove the cart very fast.
XQJDNDL\HQDOONDÄXYLQLQJDº" Did you wash your hands well.
\ULQGKDYOH\HSD¼¼QJD" Who did this work?
NÌWWDPHQJHQDGDQGKDGKX"NÌWWDWKWKH\UQDGDWKWKLQQJD"
Where was the meeting held? Who conducted the meeting?
DYDUHLQJHQQLUXWKWKLQ¯QJD" Why did you stop him here?
LQGKDSQYH\UNLÄHWKDOOLQQJD" Who knocked this pen down?
QQDYDQHWKLWWLQQQDGLNNDOH I scolded him but did not hit him.
DYDUWKDQY¯WWHWKQNDWWLQU He built his house himself.
L¼¼DNNLQDPQ\HQ¯QJDNXOLSSWWLQLQJDº Did you bathe our dog today?
HQPVH\HLQGKDSDNNDPQWKLULSSLQLQJD" Why did you turn my table this way?
23. chennaiyilirundhu eppo thirumbininga? When did you return from Chennai.
XQJDSDÄD\DWKX¼L\HPWKWKLQLQJDº" Did you change your old clothes?
LQGKDH¼QH\HXGDPEXHOOPQDOOWKDGDYLQLQJDº"
Did you smear well the whole body with this oil?
Practical Conversation. – At a Flower Stall.
W: Woman, F: Flower Girl.
:LQJHYD¶PDXQQLGDP\HQQDSÌLUXNNXGKX" Come here. What flowers do you have?
)LSSRHQQLGDPPDOOLKDLSÌPWKUXPLUXNNXGKX I have only jasmine flowers.
:XQNLWWDUÀMDSÌLOOH\ Don’t you have roses?
)HQNLWWDLUXQGKDGKXQHOOPLSÀQDGKXLSÀFKFKX
I had, but they are all gone.
W. kadhambam oru adi enna vile? How much is a foot of mixed flowers?
)LQGKDNDGKDPEDPRUXDGLDQMXUÌEDGKXHÄXUÌEDGL
This garland is five Rupees a foot, that one is seven Rupees a foot.
:UÀMSÌGD]DQHQQDYLOHYLNUH¶P" For how much do you sell a dozen roses ‘ma?
)QDOOUÀMDSÌSDQQHQGXUÌEGD]DQ Good roses, twelve rupees a dozen.
-------------------------
131
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 30.
HQDNNXPDOHPOHUDURPEDLVKWDPPDOH\LOLUXQGKXQQVXODPEDPLUDQJLQQ
DYDUL¼¼DNNLNODPHHWWXPD¼LNNXFKHQQDLOHYD¼GLULQUNWSGLOHPDGK\QDPLUDQJLQU
ÀWWDOVSSGXHQDNNXSLGLNNGKXHQJDºXNNXNXGLNNDWKD¼¼LUL\LOLUXQGKXYDUXGKX
FKHQQDLNDGDONDUHNDGDUNDUHURPEDDÄDKQDGKX
PDÄHNODWKOHNXºDWKOHNXWWHOHNL¼DWKOHHOOLGDWKWKLOXPWKD¼¼LSUNNDOP
HQJDÌUWKOHHSSRYXPNRQMDWKD¼¼LGKQÀGXGKX
LGKXDUDPH\QDVSSGXQNRQMDPNUDPLUXNNXGKX
XQJDNL¼DWKWKXWKD¼¼LURPEDXSSLUXNNXGKXLQGKDSDÄDPQURPEDSXºLSSLUXNXGKX"
DYDQJDLQGKDURWWL\UXVLSUWKWKQJD
DGKXURPEDUXVL\LUXNNXGKXLQQXVRQQQJDL¼¼DNNLVSSGXUXVLLOOH
DPPLQGKDNDVDSSXPDUXQGKHNXGLNNDPWWQ
DGKXNXGLNNDURPEDURPEDNDVDSSLUXNNXGKX
UDVDPQWKLWKLSSLUXNNXGKX"DGXOHFKDNNDUHNDODQGKLQJDº"
QQXQJDºXNNXRUXYLVKD\DPVRQQQQ¯QJDDGKHPDUDQGKDSSÀQLJDº"
DYDUHQQDXQJDºHNNNDYLUXPELQU"
QQLSSRGKQDGKHSDWKWKLSVDWKRGDQJLQQ
HQDNNXXQJDY¯GXWKHUL\GKXDYDUGKQDGKHHQDNNXNWWLQU
Q¯QJDXQJDY¯WWHHSSRPWKWKLQLQJD"
HQFUVYLN¼PDOSÀFKFKXDGKHURPEDQUDPWKGLQQ
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132
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 37.
VERBS, WEAK, PAST TENSE
WITH ‘TT’ AS MEDIAL.
In the following verbs, ‘du’ is dropped when adding the medial ’tt’ and endings.
VSSLGX eat thodu touch
SÀGX throw vidu leave
padu suffer kashtappadu suffer, worry.
SUD\VDSSDGX try, endeavour VDQGKÀVKDSSDGX rejoice
ahappadu be found purappadu set out, start (on journey).
kumbidu worship NÌSSLGX call
nadu plant sudu burn, shoot (with gun).
NºYLSSDGX hear
Vocabulary
NOVWW hear NÌFKFKDOSÀGX make a noise
DK\DPYQDP sky NDGDYXºGKYDQ God
ulaham world EKÌPL the Earth
FKDQGUDQQLO moon nakshathram star
DPYDVH new moon SRZU¼DPL full moon
VÌU\DQ sun veyyil sunshine, sun heat.
PD¼ mud, earth PD¼DO sand, gravel
neruppu fire neruppu petti match box
WKXSSNNL gun NDLWKXSSNL handgun
padippu education miruham animal
NGX forest iruttu dark (n).
singam lion puli tiger
pul grass pudhar bush, thicket
Sentences.
WKÀWWDNNDUDQRUXSHUL\DPDUDWKWKHYHWWLQQ The gardener cut a big tree.
DYDQDQGKDPDUDWKWKHWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXYHºL\HSÀWWQ
He threw the wood out of the garden.
133
Adi’s Book.
QQJHOOPLSSRGKQVSSLWWÀPQ¯QJDVSSLGDOH\"
All of us ate just now; are you not eating?
QQJDQDOODVDQJDGKL\NºYLSDWWÀPURPEDVDQGKÀVKDSSDWWÀP
We heard the good news, we were very happy.
Q¯QJDHQQHSDODGKDGDYHNÌSSLWWLQJDQQQYDUDPXGL\DOH
You invited me several times, but I could not come.
DYDQXNNXSDGLSSXLOOHDGKDQOHNDVKWDSSDWWQ
He was not educated, so he suffered.
HQWKÀWWDWKOHDQKDSÌVHGLQJDQDWWQ
I planted many flowering plants in my garden.
WKDPLÄNDWKWKXNNRººDQQURPEDSUD\DVDSSDWWQ
I tried hard to learn Tamil.
K\DWKOHHQQHQQDLUXNNXGKX" What (things) are in the sky?
YQDWKOHVÌU\DQXPFKDQGKUDQXPQDNVKDWKUDPXPLUXNXGKX
The sun moon and stars are in the sky.
L¼¼DNLSRZU¼DPLDGKDQOGKQQLOYHSUNNDDÄDKLUXNNXGKX
Today is the full moon, so the moon is very beautiful to look at.
DPYVHQºFKDQGKUDQWKHUL\GKX At the new moon time the moon is unseen.
D¼¼DNLURPEDLUXWWLUXNNXP It will be very dark then.
QPVDQGKÀVKDPLUXNNDGKLQDQGKÀUXPNDGDYXºHNXPELGD¼XP
We should worship God daily to be happy.
NDGDYXºURPEDURPEDQDOODYDUDYDUQDPXNNXHOOPVHLYU
God is very kind, he will do everything for us.
NWWXPLUXKDQJDºHVXGDWKXSSNNLY¼XPNDLWKXSSNNLSÀGKGKX
A gun is needed for shooting wild animals, a handgun is not enough.
SÀO¯VNUDQJDWKXSNNL\OHSXOL\HVXWWQJD
The police shot a tiger with a gun.
VLQJDPXPSXOL\XPNWWXPLUXKDQJDGXPPGXPY¯WWXPLUXKDQJD
The lion and tiger are wild animals, the goat and the ox are domestic animals.
134
Adi’s Book.
QWKWKXSGDPXQJDºXNNXQDOOYLºDQJLQDGK
Was yesterday’s lesson very clear to you.
8QJDSHWWL\HVDUL\SÌWWLQLQJDº" Did you lock your box properly?
21. indha marundhe aththane dhadave thadavininga?
How many times did you apply this medicine?
QQDYDULGDSDODGKDGDYHPQGKXSÀQQ
I was deceived by him several times.
HQQHDYDUDQKDGKDGDYHPWKWKLQU He cheated me many times.
LQGKDLUXWWXLUXWWQDDUHOHHSGLYOHVHLULQJD
How do you work in this dark room.
$YDUDQGKDYOH\HYLWWXYLWWU
QLQQDGKXDYDUXNNXSLGLNNDOH
LQWHVLILHGµYLWWU¶ He left (got out of) that job because he disliked it.
Practical Conversation. – At a Rural Hospital.
D: Doctor, P: Patient..
'XQSUHQQD¶P"XQYD\DVXHQQD"XQÌUHGKX"
What is your name? How old are you? Which is your village?
3HQSUFKLQQDPPQYD\DVXLUXEDWKWKDQMXHQÌUPOÌU
My name is Chinnamma. I am twenty five years old. My village is Melur
D. unakku enna kashtam? What is your trouble?
P. yenakku joram, irumbal, thale vali. I have fever, cough , headache.
'XQJDºXNNXLQGKDNDVKWDPHWKWKDQHQºLUXNNXGKX"
How long have you had this trouble?
3HQDNNXUH¼GXYUDPLQGKDNDVKWDP I have had this trouble for two weeks.
'XQJDºXNNXLQQXPHQQDYUHQQDNDVKWDP"
What other trouble do you have?
3DL\HQDNNXXGDPEXHOOPURPEDYDOL Sir, there is pain all over my body.
'VDULµPDDQJHXNNUQQPDUXQGKXNRGXNUQ
Alright ‘ma, sit there, I will give you some medicine.
-------------------------
135
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 37.
L¼¼DNNLNODPHHQQDVSSLWWLQJD"HQQHHQQDNWWLQJD"QQDGKHSDWKWKLPDUDQGKXSÀQQ
SDUYLOOHHQQH\QNÌSSLWWLQJD"QQDYDQJDºHDSGL\NÌSSLWWHQ
QDSGLVDGKGKDPSÀWWLQJD"\ULQJHNÌFKFKDOSÀWWDGKX? (making a noise).
DYDUXNNUDQQQNNOL\HSÀWWQPXGKDOOHNXÄDQGKHQJDºXNNXVSSGXSÀWWQJD
DGKXNNXDSUDPQQJDVDSSLWWÀPXQJDOHSDWKWKLQQQWKWKXGKQNOYLSDWWQ
LQGKDSXVWKDKDPHQDNNXYDÄLOHDKDSSDWWDGKXHQNXÄDQGKHDGKHDQJHSÀWWDGKX
SÌVHGLQJDºHNL¼DWKWKXNNXYDODGKXSDNNDPQDWWLQJDº"
\UGXPGXQJDºHWKÀWWDWKWKXNNXXººHYLWWDGKX"
LQGKDYOH\HPXGLNNDURPEDSUD\DVDSDWWQDGKXNNKDURPEDNDVKWDSSDWWQ
NDGDVLOHDQGKDYOHPXGLQGKDGKXDGKDQOHQQURPEDVDQGKÀVKDSDWW¼
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136
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 38.
REVIEW (REVISION) No.III.
Vocabulary
DL\À oh dear! DL\ÀSYDP poor soul
GKÀ something palahe, palake plank, board
jebam prayer jebam sei pray
visanappadu (w.tt) be sad
Practical Conversation. – Mother and Father.
M: Mother, F: Father.
)ND¼¼DQHQJHSÀQQ"HSSRWKLUXPEDYDUXYQ"
Where did Kannan go? When will he come back?
0ND¼¼DQSDººLNÌGDWKWKXNNXSÀQQDQMXPD¼LNNXDSUDPWKLUXPEXYQ
He went to school. He will come back after 5 o’clock.
)DYDQQWKWKXY¯WWXNNXQURPEDSLQGKLYDQGKQ"
Why did he come back very late yesterday?
0DYDQURPEDSLQGKLYDQGKQQLQQSDººLNÌGDWKOHURPEDQUDPYLOD\GLQQ
He came very late because he played in the school for a very long time.
)L¼¼DNNLPDGK\QDPHQJHVSSLWWQ" Where did he eat this afternoon?
0DYDQL¼¼DNNLWKDQVQKLGKDUÀGXSDººLNÌGDWKOHVSSLWWQY¯WWOHVSSLGDOH
Today he ate with his friends in the school. He didn’t eat at home.
)DQGKDVSSGXDYDQXNNXSLGLWKWKDGK" Did he like that food?
0DYDQVQKLGKDUDYDQXNNXQDOODVSSGXNRGXWKWKQJD
DGKXDYDQXNNXURPEDSLGLWKWKDGKXLQQXVRQQQ
His friends gave him good food. He said that he liked it very much.
-------------------------
137
Adi’s Book.
Review No. III
DL\Q¯QJD\U"XQJDSUQQD"XQJDÌUHGKX"\HQSUNULVKQDQHQÌUVODP
VODP LQJLUXQGKX URPED GKÌUDP" XQJD ÌU GKÌUDP NLWWDY" VODP HYºDYX GKÌUDWKOH
LUXNNXGKX" \HQ ÌU LQJLUXQGKX URPED GKÌUDP LQJLUXQGKX DLQÌUX NLORPHWDU GKÌUDWKOH
LUXNNXGKXDGKXSHUL\DSDW¼DPFKLQQDQDKDUDPLOOHDQGKDÌUQDOODÌULOOH\"
PPURPEDQDOOÌUGKQ
QQXGDQHFKHQQDLNNXSÀKD¼XPQ¯QJDºXPHQQÀGXYDULQJDºHQQÀGXYDUDXQJDºXNNX
VDQGKÀVKDP" LQQXP \U FKHQQDLNNX SÀUQJD" HQ PDQDYL\XP NXÄDQGKHQJDºXP NÌGD
YDUXYQJDURPEDQDOODGKXDSSRQQXPXQJDºÀGXYDUQQQHWKWKDQHPQLNNXWKD\U
LUXNND¼XP" QºDNNL NODPH UX PD¼LNNX DQGKD PDUDWKWKXNNXN¯ÄH WKD\U LUXQJD QQ
VDUL\UXPD¼LNNXXQJDºHVDQGKLSSQDGKXNNDSUDPQQJHOOPFKHQQDLNNXSÀKDOP
Q¯QJDYOH\H JKDYDQDP VHL\D¼XP DYDQJD LQGKDYOH\H VDUL\ VHL\DOH Q¯QJDLQGKD
YOH\HSDODGKDGDYHVHLGKLQJDDGKDQOHLGKHVHL\DXQJDºXNNXVXODEDPLUXNNXP
L¼¼DNNL NÌWWDP HQJH QDGDNNXP" QWKX NÌWWDWKOH QQ HSGL SVLQQ" Q¯QJD DUXPH\
SHVLQLQJDQQQDOODSVDOHDQGKDNÌWWDWKOHRUXYDUSVDOHQGKÀSDGLWKWKU
NÌWWDPDQMXPD¼LNNXUDPELWKWKDGKXHWWXPD¼LNNXPXGLQGKDGKXDQJHSDODVWKU¯QJDNÌGD
YDQGKDQJDQQµMRKQ¶HNÌWWDWKWKXNNXNÌSSLWWQQDYDUYDUDOH
LQGKD UDPQD NL¼DWKWKX WKD¼¼L QDOO WKD¼¼L HQJD DQDODPQD WKÀWWDWKOH X\DUDPQD
PDUDQJDLUXNNXGKXQJDQQHQWKÀWWDWKWKLOLUXQGKXRUXDÄDKQDSXNRQGXYDQGKQXQJD
YDWWDPQDNL¼DWKWKHQQNÌGDSDUWKQNXWWH\QDPDQXVKDUVDGKXUDPQDSDODNH\HHQJH
NRQGXSÀUU HQJD ÌU UL DÄDKQD HUL QQJD DQGKD ULOH QLQGKD DGLNNDGL SÀYÀP NXGL
WKD¼¼LNXODWKOHQLQGKDNÌGGKXNRYLOXNNXPXQQOHRUXNXODPLUXNNXGKXHOOUXPDQGKD
NXODWKLOLUXQGKX NXGLNND WKD¼¼L NRQGXSÀUQJD XQJDºXNNX QLQGKD WKHUL\XP" QQ
XQJDOOXNNXQLQGKDNDWKWKXNRGXNUQVDULURPEDQDQGUL
DYDUXNNXLSSRURPEDSD¼DNDVKWDPDYDULGDPSÀGKXPQDSD¼DPLOOHDGKDQOHDYDU
URPED NDVKWDSSDGUU DYDUXNNX DQMX NXUDQGKHQJD LQQX WKÀQDGKX LGKH SDWKWKL \DU
VRQQDQJD"DYDUDPPSRQDYDUXVKDPVHWKXSÀQDUDGKXNNKDDYDUURPEDYLVDQDSDWWU
QQ RUX Qº DYDU Y¯WWXNNX SÀQQ QQJD UH¼GX SUXP URPED QUDP SDOD YLVKD\DP
SVLQÀPLSSRDYDUXNNXURPEDVDQGKÀVKDPQQXPVDQGKÀVKDSDWWQ
138
Adi’s Book.
DQGKD SHUL\D YOH\H PXGLNND RUX YDUXP QDGKX QDQJD HOOP LQGKD YOH\H R¼¼
UDPELWKWKÀP DGKH PÌQX PD¼LOH PXGLNND YLUXPELQÀP DGKXNNK URPED
SUD\DVDSDWWÀP Q PXGL\DOH RUX Qº YOH QDGDNNDOH QLQQ D¼¼DNNL MVWKL PDÄH
SHLGKDGKX DGKDQOH URPED NRQMDPGKQ YOH VHLGKÀP LGKX VXODEDPQD YOH
LOOHNDVKWDPQDYOHQ¯QJDWKDQL\VHL\DPXGL\GKXDL\ÀSYDPHQOHXQJDºXNNXURPED
NDVKWDP XQJD NDVKWDWKWKXNNK URPED QDQGUL LQLPOH QQJD LQGKD YLGKDPQD YOH
VHL\DPWWÀP
Q¯QJD HQQH HQ DUHOH VDQGKLNNDOP QDºDNNL NODPH NDWW\DP YQJD QQ HQ DUHOH
HSSRYXPLUXNUQQDºDNNLNÌGDLUXSSQUPDQXPUDK¯PXPMQXPSRQDVDQLNNLÄDPHHQJD
Y¯WWXNNXYDQGKQJDHQY¯GXHQJHLUXNNXGKXWKHUL\XP"WKHUL\XPXQJDYLGXNÀYLOXNNX
PXQQOHLUXNNXGKXVDULGKQ"LSSRXQJDY¯WWOH\ULUXNUQJD"DYDQJDOOPQºD¼¼DNNL
FKHQQDLOLUXQGKXSXUDSSDGUQJDHQQLGDPYDUDDYDQJDºXNNXVDQGKÀVKDP
JDVW PVDP SDGKLQDQMP WKGL HQJDºXNNX YOH LOOH QLQQ D¼¼DNNL VXGKDQGKLUD
GKLQDPLQGHSHQGHQFHGD\DGXWKWKDYUDPWKLQJDNLÄDPHQQJDPDUXSDGL\XPYOHNNX
SÀYÀPQQNLÄHQOYDGKXDUHOHYOHVHLUQQ¯QJDHQDNNXURPEDQONDGLGKDPSÀGDOH
QQGKQ XQJDºXNNX SDOD GKDGDYH HÄXGKLQQ XQJDOLGDPLUXQGKX HQDNNX RUX
NDGLGKDPNÌGDYDUDOHGKD\DYXVHLGKXXGDQDYDUXNNXHÄXGKXQJDLGKHQLQJDPDUDQGKX
SÀKDNÌGGKXYLODQJXGKLOOH\
DYDU SHUL\D SD¼DNNUDU DYDUXNNX DQKD YOHNUDQJD LUXNUDQJD DYDUY¯WWOH HSSRYXP
SDGKLQDQMX SU YHOH VHLUQJD LQGKD SD¼DNNUDU HOOUXNNXP QDOODYDU DYDU HOOUXNNXP
QDOODGKXVHLUUQHOOSD¼DNNUDUXPQDOODYDQJDLOOHLYDUHQ¯QJDVDQGKLWWLQJDºQQ
DYDUHRURUXGKDGDYHVDQGKLWWQRURUXRQO\RQFH
QPLSSRNDGDYXºHNXPELGDSÀYÀPYQJDQPQºGKÀUXPMHEDPVHL\D¼XP
QPQOODYDQJDOLUXNNDNDGDYXºMHEDPYD¼DNNDPURPEDPXN\DPNDGDYXºYD¼DNNDP
SUD\HU WR *RG HQDNNX VDQGKÀVKDWKWKH NRGXNNXGKX Q¯QJD YDUXWKWKDSSDGGKLQJD
NDGDYXº XQJDºH NSSWKWKXYU DYDU HQQH NSSWKWKLQU LQGKD QDOOD YUWKWKHNNKD
XQJDºXNNXHQQDQGULXQJDYUWKWKH\HQQNSSQYD¼DNNDPSÀLWXYDUQ
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139
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 39.
PAST PARTICIPLES.
The meaning and use of the Past participles will be seen from the examples given below.
Forming Past Participles.
Verbs, past tense not taking ‘in’ as medial:-
drop the ending, and substitute ‘u’.
Past Tense Past Participle Meaning
YDQGKQ vandhu having come
DGLWKWKQ adiththu having struck
VHLGKQ seidhu having done
Verbs, past tense taking ‘in’ as medial:-
drop the termination.
YQJLQQ YQJL having bought
NWWLQQ NWWL having shown
SGLQQ SGL having sung
Irregular Past Participles.
SÀQQ SÀL having gone
QQ L having become
VRQQQ solli having said
-------------------------
Negative Past Participles.
These are formed by DGGLQJµPH¶WRWKHLQILQLWLYH
vara YDUPH without coming
adikka DGLNNPH without hitting
VSSLGD VSSLGPH without eating.
140
Adi’s Book.
Sentences.
NXÄDQGKHQJDSDºLNNÌGDWKWKXNNXSÀLSDGLNÄDQJD
The children go toschool and study.
DQJHHOOUXPR¼¼DVUQGKXYLºD\GUQJD
There they all join together and play.
QQRUXFK¯WWXHÄXWKLNRGXNUQDGKHNRQGXSÀLGRFWRULGDPNRGXQJD
I shall write a chit and give it to you. Take it and give it to the doctor.
DYDQVSSLWWXYHºL\HSÀQQ He ate and went out.
LQGKDSXVWKDKDWKWKHWKLUDQGKXYVLQJD Open this book and read.
QQQOGKÀUXPNDGDYXºHNXPELWWXWKÌQJDSÀUQ
Daily I pray to God and go to sleep.
SD¼DWKWKHPVHPOHYDLWKXNXºLNNDSÀQQ
I went to bathe having kept the money on the table.
GKD\DYXVHLGKXLYDUÀGXSÀLHQY¯WWHDYDUXNNXNWWLYQJD
Please go with him, show my house and come.
QQXQJDºXNNXSDODGKDGDYHVROOLDQXSSLQQ
I sent word for you several times. (idiom).
SHWWL\HQDOOPÌGLSÌWWXSÀGXQJD Close the box well and lock it.
NXÄDQGKHDPPYLGDPÀGLYDQGKDGKX The child came running to the mother.
QPVSSWWHHSSRYXPQDOOPH¼¼XVSSLGD¼XP
We should always chew our food well and eat it.
V¯NUDPVSSLWWXXGDQHDQJHSÀQJD Eat quickly and go there immediately.
XQJDEDGKLOHSUWKXGKQQQFKHQQDLNNXSÀYQ
Only after having seen your reply I shall go to Chennai.
Q¯QJDDQJHSRKPHLQJHLUXNNDPXGL\GKX
You cannot remain here without going there.
DYDQJDEDGKLOLOOPHQQNDWW\DPSÀKDPWWQ
I will certainly not go without their reply.
141
Adi’s Book.
LQGKDYOH\HVHLGKXDYDQJDY¯WWXNNXSÀQQJD
Having done this work they went home.
FKLQQDSDL\DQJDPDLGKQDWKOHÀGLGLYLºD\GUQJD
Small boys are playing happily in the open field.
NÀYLOXNNXSÀKDQUDSÀLLGDGKXSDNNDPWKLUXPED¼XP
To go to the temple, go straight and turn right.
DYDQJDHQWKDPLÄSWWHNWWXYLÄXQGKXYLÄXQGKXVLULWKWKQJD
Having heard my Tamil song they laughed hilariously. (idiom)(fell about, laughing!)
QQJDPDPE\LOLUXQGKXQWKWKXSXUDSSDWWXL¼¼DNNLYOÌUYDQGKXVUQGKÀP
Setting out from Mumbai yesterday, we reached Vellore today.
LQGKDSXVWKDKDWKHV¯NUDPSDGLWKWKXPXGLWKWKXHQQLGDPNRGXQJD
Read and finish this book soon and give it to me.
L¼¼DNNLQQVDQGKÀVKDPLOOPHYOHVHLUQQLQQNXºLNNPHYDQGKQ
I am unhappily working because I came without bathing.
NDGKDYXWKLUDQGXLUXNNXGKXGKD\DYXVHLGKXPÌGXQJD
The door is open, please close it.
L¼¼DNNLHQJDFUNHWWXSÀQDGKXNHWWXSÀFKXDGKDQOHQQJDQDGDQGKXYDQGKÀP
Our car broke down today, so we came walking.
Practical Conversation. – At a Furniture Shop.
C: Customer S: Shopkeeper.
&DL\XQJDOLGDPPVHQNNOLQJDWKD\ULUXNNXGK"
Do you have chairs and tables ready made?
6PLUXNNXGKXXQJDºXNNXHQQDHQWKDPDUDWKOHYQXP"
Yes we have, what wood do you want?
&QÌNNDPDUDWKOHYDLWKXLUXNULQJDO" Do you have them in rosewood?
6PXQQOHYDLWKXLUXQGKÀPLSSRWNNXPDUDWKOHGKQLUXNNXGKX
We had before. Now we have them only in teakwood.
&XQJDNDGHOHYDWWDYDWWDPQDVSSWWXPVHLUXNNXGK"
Do you have a round dining table in your store?
142
Adi’s Book.
6LSSRWKD\ULOOHHQJDºXNNXUGDUNRGXQJDRUXYUDWKOHVHLWKXNRGXNUÀP
Not ready now. Give us an order. We’ll make it and give it in a week.
&L¼¼DNNLUGDUNRGXSSÀPHQJDVPQHSSRHWKWKDQHQººHHQJDºXNNXNLGDLNNXP
We’ll give an order today. When can we get our things.
6XQJDUGDUXNNKDQDQGULXQJDVPPXQJDºXNNXRUXYUDWKOHNDWW\DPNLGDLNNXP
Thanks for your order. You will get your things without fail in a week.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 39.
QQV¯NUDPVSSLWWXWKÌQJDSÀQQWKÌNNDWKWKLOLUXQGKXHÄXQGKXHQQDVHLGKLQJD"NRQMDP
QUDPWKÌQJLDSUDPNDGLGKDPHÄXGKLQQNDGLGKDPHÄXGKLDYDULGDPNRGXWKWKQDYDU
DGKH YQJL WKDSO S¯VXNNX NRQGXSÀQU DGKH NRQGXSÀL WKDSO SHWWLOH SÀWWU DQGKD
NDGLGKDP VUQGKX EDGKLOXP YDQGKDGKX XQJDºXNNX \HQQD VROOL DQXSSLQU" DYDU
XQJDºXNNKDLQGKDSXVWKDKDWKWKHNRGXWKWKXDQXSSLQU LGKH VSSLWWX WKD¼¼L NXGLQJD
LQJHUXQGKX HWWX PD¼LNNX SXUDSSDWWX DQJH HWKWKDQH PD¼LNNX SRLVUQGKLQJD" QQ UWKUL
UH¼GX PDQLNNX YDQGKX VUQGKQ DYDQJD NDVKWDSSDWWX LQGKD SXVWKDKDP HÄXGKLQQJD
YOÌUH Y¯WWX HSSR SRULQJD" LQGKD DUXPH\QD WKX¼L\H WKRWWX SULQJD XQJD SWWH NNNX
URPED VDQGKÀVKDSSDWWQ DYDQJD HOOP NRYLOXNNX SÀL NDGDYXºH NXPELWWX YDUQJD
NDGH\LOLUXQGKXRUXGD]DQSDÄDPYQJLYDQGKQQQJDVDLQJODPHOOPYLºD\GLLSSRGKQ
SÀUÀP DYDU RUX PD¼L QUDP SVL XNNUQGKU QLQJD PDUDQGKXSÀL LQGKD YOH\H
VHLGKLQJDº"XQJDPVH\HNRQMDPWKDOOLYDLQJDQQJDLQJHYDQGKXRUXYDUXVKDPQDGKX
FKFKXSONUDQJDSOOHWKD¼¼LNDODQGKXYLNUQJD Q¯QJD L¼¼DNNL HQQH SUNNPH
SÀKDNÌGGKX WKDPEL SDGLNNPH LQJH HQQD VHLUH R¼¼XP PDUDNNPH HOO
VDQJDGKL\XPVROOD¼XP Q¯QJD DQGKD WKLUXGDQH SLGLNNPH YLGDNÌGKGKX QQJD Y¯WWOH
VSSLGPHÀWWDOOHVSSLWWÀPDGKHHQDUHOHYDLNNPHLQJHQYDLWKWKLQJD"LGKXNNKDQQ
ÄPH HQQD VHLYQ" QQ HQQOH VLULNNPH LUXNND PXGL\GKX LQGKD QDOOD YGK\U
NXUDQGKHQJDºHDGLNNPHNDWKWKXNNRGXNUUURPEDQOPDÄHSHL\PHLUXNNXGKXNSSL
LOOPHQQYOHVHL\DPXGL\GKXSD¼DPLOOPHNDGHWKHUXNNXSÀKDPWWHQVLODVDPD\DP
QQ FKDNNDUH LOOPH NSSL NXGLNUQ YOH LOOPH DYDUXNNX URPED NDVKWDP LUXNNXGKX
DQKDSUY¯GXLOOPHVSSGXLOOPHWKX¼LQJDLOOPHNDVKWDSDGUQJDXQJDXGKDYLLOOPH
QQLQGKDYOHVHL\DPXGL\GKX
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143
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 40.
PERFECT AND IMPERFECT TENSES.
Perfect Tenses
To form Perfect Tenses for any Verb, use the
Past Participle plus ‘iru’ plus Personal Endings
according to Number, Gender, Person and Tense.
e.g. QQYDQGKXLUXNUQ QQYDQGKLUXNUQ I have come.
similarly, QQYDQGKLUXQGKQ I had come
QQYDQGKLUXSSQ I will have come
Note:- Future perfect also expresses ‘would have’
QQYDQGKLUXSSQ I would have come.
Imperfect Tenses
To form Imperfect Tenses for any Verb, use the
Past Participle plus ‘kondiru’ plus Personal Endings
according to Number, Gender, Person and Tense.
DYDUYDQGKXNRQGLUXNUU avar YDQGKXNRQGLUXNUU He is coming
similarly, DYDUYDQGKXNRQGLUXQGKU He was coming
DYDUYDQGKXNRQGLUXSSU He will be coming
Colloquial Corruption.-modifying ‘kond’ to ‘knu’ or ‘kittu’,
NRQGLUXNUU NQXXUXNUU NLWWXLUXNUU
NRQGLUXQGKQ knu irunGKQ NLWWXLUXQGKQ
NRQGLUXSSQ NQXLUXSSQ NLWWXLUXSSQ
QQLSSRHÄXGKLNQXLUXNUQHÄXGKLNRQGLUXNUQ I am writing now.
QQVSSLWWXNLWWXLUXQGKQVSSLWWXNRQGKLUXQGKQ I was eating.
Sentences.
QPLQGKDYLGKDPQDYOHPXQQOHVHLGKLUXNUÀP
We have done this kind of work before.
XQJDºHSUNNDQQSDODGKDGDYHYDQGKLUXQGKQ
I had come to see you several times.
144
Adi’s Book.
DYDUQºDNNLVDLQJODPUNWWXNNXSÀLLUXSSU
By tomorrow evening he will have gone to Arcot.
Q¯QJDDYDUHHQJHHSGLVDQGKLWKWKXLUXNULQJD"
Where and how have you met him?
QQXQJDºHNDGHWKHUXOHSUWKWKXLUXNUQ I have seen you in the bazaar.
NXÄDQGKHWKXQJLNLWWXLUXNNXGKX The child is sleeping.
DYDUUWKULWKÌNNDPLOWKDLUXQGKUDGKDQOHLSSRQDOOWKÌQJUU
He was without sleep last night, so he sleeps soundly now.
Q¯QJDLQQXPNRQMDPQººHQDOOWKDPLÄSVLNRQGLUXSSLQJD
In a few days you will be speaking Tamil fluently.
QWKWKXY¯WWOHHQQDVHLGKXNRQGLUXQGKLQJD"
What were you doing yesterday at home?
QQQWKWKHOOPNDGLGKDQJDHÄXGKLNRQGLUXQGKQ
Yesterday I was writing letters the whole day.
SÌQHSONXGLWKWKXNRQGLUXNNXGKX Tlhe cat is drinking milk.
QQLQGKDPDUXQGKXNXGLWKWKLUXNUQ I have taken this medicine.
DYDQJDLQJHURPEDVDGKGKDPSVLNRQGLUXNUQJD
They are talking here very loudly.
QºDNNLLQQUDPQPUHQGXSUXPUD\LOOHSÀLNRQGLUXSSÀP
Tomorrow by this time we will both be going in the train.
QQUWKULXQJDºHSUNNDYDUDOHQLQQDSSRPDÄHSHLGKXNRQGLUXQGKDGKX
I did not come to see you last night because it was raining.
Q¯QJDQWKWKXNÌWWDWKWKXNNXYDQGKLULQGKLQJDº"
Did you come to the meeting yesterday
QQJDLSSRSDWKWKXSUXNNXVSSGGXVDPHWKWKXLUXNUÀP
We have cooked food for ten people now.
DYDQDQJHQSÀLNRQGLUXNUQ" Why is he going there?
VDQLNNLÄDPHVLQJODPQQJDNWKWKXYQJDSÀLNRQGLUXNUÀP.
On Saturday evening we were going for a stroll. (lit. getting air, ‘breath of fresh air’)
145
Adi’s Book.
DSGL\"URPEDVDQGKÀVKDPQQJDNÌGDL¼¼DNNLSÀKDSÀUÀP
Is that so? very glad, we are also going today.
DYDUQDPDNNKDUH¼GXPD¼LQUDPNWKWKXNRQGKLUXQGKU
He was waiting for us for two hours.
DSSYXPDPPYXPQDPPLGDPLUXQGXNDGLGKDPHGKLUSUWKWKXNRQGLUXSSQJD.
Mother and father will be expecting letters from us. (looking for).
NXÄDQGKHDGLNNDGLQDÄXGKXNRQGKLUXQGKDGKX"
Why was the child crying frequently?
DGKXNNXWKÌNNDPYDUDOHDGKDQOHHQDNNXNDVKWDPNRGXWKWKXNRQGLUXQGKDGKX
It did not get sleep, hence it was giving me trouble.
QQJDUXSUWKDPLÄNDWKWKXNRQGLUXNUÀP
We six people are learning Tamil.
Practical Conversation. – Study or Play?
M: Mother, C: Child.
0NULVKQSDGLNNPHLSSRHQQDVHLGKXNRQGLUXNUH"
Krishna, what are you doing now instead of studying.
&YLºD\GLNRQGLUXNUQNRQMDQUDWKWKXNNXDSUDPSDGLNUQ¶P
I am playing. I will study after a little while, mum.
0QQXQDNNXSDODGKDGDYHVROOLLUXNUQQ¯VDUL\UXPD¼LNNXSDGLNNDUDPELNND¼XP
I have told you several times. You should start studying at exactly six.
&QºD\LOLUXQGKXDSGL\VHLUQL¼¼DNNLPDWWXPNRQMDQUDPYLºD\GUQ¶P
From tomorrow I will do just that. Today only I am playing just a little while.
0VXPPSVLNRQGLUXNNGKHQºDNNLYLG\OD\PQQ¯LSSRNDWW\DPSDGLNND¼XP
Don’t keep talking. Tomorrow you may play, but now you must study.
&VDUL¶PDSSYDQGKU" Alright mum. Has father come?
0LQQXPYDUDOHQ¯V¯NUDPSÀLSDGLLOOQDSSYDQGKXXQQHDGLSSU
Not come yet. You go and study quick, or father will come and hit you.
-------------------------
146
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 40.
HQJD VDPH\DONUDU L¼¼DNNL QDOOD VDPH\DO VHLGKLUXNUU QQ DYDUH SDOD GKDGDYH
VDQGKLWKWKXLUXQGKQXQJDY¯WWXNNXYDUDQLQHWKWKXLUXQGKQDYDQDQGKDPXN\DPQD
NDGLGKDWKH NLÄLWKWKX LUXSSQ LYºDYX QUDP DYDQJD SGDP UDPELWKWKX LUXSSQJD QQ
LQGKD SXVWKDKDP LYºDYXGKQ PXGLWKWKX LUXNUQ DQGKD SDL\DQJD URPED VLULWKWKX
NRQGLUXNUQJDQ¯QJDHSSRYXPDGKHSDWKWKLQQLQHWKWKXNRQGKLUXQGKLQJD"
LQQXP PDÄH SHLGKXNRQGLUXNNXGK" GRNWRU VSDWKULOH YOH VHLGKX NRQGLUXNUU
NXÄDQGKHQURPEDDÄXGKXNRQGLUXNUQ"L¼¼DNNLHWKWKDQHVOHQJDQHLGKLUXSSQJD"Q¯QJD
HYODYXQUDPXNNUQGKXNRQGLUXQGK¯QJD"XÄDYDQJDYD\DOOHXÄXGKXNRQGKLUXNUQJDQ¯QJD
SDÄD\DSGDQJDºHPDUDQGKXSÀLLUXNULQJDLOOH\"DYDQJDLQQXPVSSLWWXNRQGLUXNUQJD
LGKXNNXXººHLQGKDVDPFKFKUDPHOOUXNNXPWKHULQGKXLUXNNXP
QQXQJDÌUXNNXDGLNNDGLYDQGKXLUXQGKQQ¯QJDDYDUXNNXHYºDYXSD¼DPNRGXWKWKX
LUXNULQJD DGKX YKDP HQJH SÀLNRQGLUXNNXGKX" NÌWWDP HWWX PD¼LNNX PXQQOH
PXGLQGKXLUXQGKDGKXDYDUXNNXSDODNDGLGKDQJDHÄXGKLLUXNUQFKLQQDSDL\DQJSÌQJD
WKLUXGLNRQGLUXQGKQJD Q¯QJD SWWX DÄDK SGLNRQGLUXQGKLQJD QQ DGKH JKDYDQDP
NWWXNRQGLUXQGKQ LQGKD YH\LOOH Q DOHQGKXNRQGLUXNULQJD" QQ XQJDºHGKQ
WKGLNRQGLUXQGKQQ¯QJDURPEDQHUDPLQJHLOOHHQJHSÀLLUXQGKLQJD"DQGKDPPSDWWX
VOHQJDOHPDGLWKWKXNRQGLUXNUQJDQQDUHQJDHOOPSÌWWLLUXQGKQLSSRDGKXQJDHOOP
thirandhu irukkudhu.
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147
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 41.
CONDITIONAL FORMS.
Positive Conditional-‘if’.
Present and Future Conditional is expressed:-
(a) by adding µ¶WRWKHSDVWmedial,
Past tense Conditional Meaning
YDQGKQ YDQGK if I come
SUWKQ SUWKWK if I see
VRQQQ VRQQ if I say
or (b) by adding µQ¶WRSUHVHQWSDVWDQGIXWXUHWHQVH
Q¯QJDYDULQJDQ if you come
Q¯QJDYDQGKLQJDQ if you come
Q¯QJDYDUXYLQJDQ if you come
to make the present and future conditional forms.
Past Conditional is expressed:-
(a) by adding µ¶WRWKHSDVWSHUIHFWPHGLDO
QLQJDYDQGKXLUXQGK if you came
Negative Conditional ‘if not’.
7KLVLVH[SUHVVHGE\DGGLQJµYLWW¶RUµLOOQD¶WRan infinitive,
regardless of number, gender, person or tense.
Q¯QJDYDUYLWW or QLQJDYDUDOHQ meaning:-
if you do not come, or if you did not come, or if you will not come.
Note:-µYLWW¶RUµLOOQD¶IRllows nouns or pronouns.
SHQFLOLOOQSQNRQGXYQJDRUSHQFLOYLWWSQNRQGXYQJD
Bring a pen if not a pencil.
QLQJDDQJHLOOHQQQYDUDPWWQRUQLQJDDQJHLOOYLWWQQYDUDPWWQ
I will not come of you are not there.
-------------------------
148
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary for Lesson 41
aththe aunt FKLWKWKDSS uncle
P¯VH moustache PXºH grow
ºSU person QUDPFKX it is time
LQQRUXYURUX another ghanam, ede weight
maththa the other OVX lightness
LQQR¼¼XYUR¼¼X another one RUXYºH perhaps
NXUHNDPPLKX decrease NXÄL tap, pipe, tube
udambu body YUH different, any other
jananga people
Sentences.
Q¯QJDQºGKÀUXPWKDPLÄSDGLWKWKWKDPLÄQDOODSHVDPXGL\XP
If you study Tamil daily, you can speak Tamil well.
DYDUHQQHNÌSSLWWDGKQQQSÀYQ Only if he calls me I shall go.
DYDUHQQHNÌSSLGDOQNÌSSLGYLWWQQSÀKDPWWQ
If he does not call me I shall not go.
NXÄDQGKHQJDSONXGLWKWKVXKDPLUXSSQJD
If the children drink milk they will be healthy.
JKDQDPNXUH\DNDPPLKDNRQMDPVSSLGD¼XP
You should eat less to lose weight.
JKDQDPNXUHQGKXGDPEXOVDLUXNNXP If you lose weight the body will be light.
HQQDNNXLQGKDQNNOLY¼PYUR¼¼XNRQGXYDQGKQDOOLUXNNXP
I don’t want this chair, if you bring another one it will be nice.
SDWKWKXSULQGKDYOHVHLWKDGKHV¯NUDPPXGL\XP
If ten people do this work it will be finished quickly.
NÌWWDWKWKXNNXURPEDMDQDQJDYDQGKQQSÀKDPWWQ
If a lot of people come to the meeting I will not go.
Q¯QJDUPDQSUWKWKWLQJHYDUDVROOXQJD
If you see Raman, tell him to come here.
149
Adi’s Book.
XQJDºXNNXSD¼DPLOOYLWWHQDNNXVROOXQJD
Tell me if you don’t have money.
URPEDQDQGULHQDNNXSD¼DPY¼XPQQQXQJDOOXNNXVROYQ
Many thanks, if I want money I shall tell you.
PDÄHSHLGKQ¯QJDYHºL\HSÀKDNÌGGKX
If it rains you should not go out.
DYDUXNNXVXKDPLOOQGRFWRULGDPXGDQHNDWWD\DPSÀKD¼XP
If he is not well he must go to the doctor’s at once.
Q¯QJDPGKXYSVLQHQDNNXVDUL\YLºDQJXGKX
If you speak slowly I understand properly.
QQR¼¼XVR¼¼DYDUYUR¼¼XVHLUU If I say one thing, he does another.
DWKWKHNNXP¯VHPXºHWKWKFKLWWDSSYUSURYHUE
If an aunt grows a moustache, she will become an uncle. (Eng. Pigs might fly!)
URPEDGKÌUDPQDGDQGKXQJDNOYDOLNNXP
If you walk a long distance your legs will ache.
Q¯QJDSGLQDYDUGXYUQ¯QJDSDGYLWWDYDUGDPWWU
If you sing she will dance, if you do not sing she will not dance.
DÄXGKDGKQNXÄDQGKHNNXSONLGDLNNXP A child will get milk only if it cries.
Q¯QJDWKD\ULUXQGKQPLSSRYHºL\HSÀKDOP
If you are ready, we may go out now.
XQJDºXNNXRUXQNXÄDQGKHSLUDQGKHOOUXPVDQGKÀVKDSSDGXYQJD
If a baby boy is born to you, everybody will rejoice.
QPYOHOHJKDYDQDPLUXQGKGKQYOH\HQDOODVHL\DPXGL\XP
Only if we are careful in our work can we do the work well.
DYDUHQY¯WWXNNXYDUYLWWHQDNNXYDUXWKWKDPLUXNNXP
If he does not come to my house I shall be sorry.
RUXYOHQQYDUDPWWQ\QLQQURPEDQUDPFKFKX
Perhaps I shall not come, because the time is over.
-------------------------
150
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. – Can I Drink This Water?
W: Westerner L: Local Indian.
:DL\XQJDºXNNXNXGLNNDWKD¼¼LHSGLNLGDLNNXGKX"
Sir, how do you get your drinking water?
/HQJDºXNNXNXÄLPÌODPWKD¼¼LYDUXGKX We get water through pipes.
:NXÄLNNX\HQJLUXQGKXWKD¼¼LNLGDLNNXGKX" From where is the water piped?
/WKWKLOLUXQGKXNXÄDLNNXWKD¼¼LYDUXGKX Water comes to the pipe from the river.
:WKWKLOHWKD¼¼LLOOYLWW\HQQDVHLYLQJD"
If there is no water in the river, what will you do?
,WKWKLOLUXQGKXWKD¼¼LNLGDLNNYLWWY¯WWXNL¼DWKWKLOLUXQGKXWKD¼¼LNLGDLNNXP
If we don’t get water from the river, we’ll get it from the well of our house.
:QNL¼DWKWKXWKD¼¼LXSSLUXQGK\HQQDVHLYLQJD"
But if the well water is salty, what will you do?
,HQQDVHL\DOP"\HQJDºXNNXYUHWKD¼¼LLOOHWKD¼¼LNNXSD¼DPNRGXWKXYQJD¼XP
What can we do? We have no other water. We should get water by payingfor it.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 41.
DQGKDSHWWLJKDQDPLUXQGKQQDGKHWKÌNNDPXGL\GKXSDWKWKXOLQGKDYOH\HVHLGK
V¯NUDPPXGL\XPLGKHMDQDQJDSDUWKWKXLUXQGKYLÄXQGKXYLÄXQGKXVLULWKWKXLUXSSQJD
QQ FKHQQDLNNX SÀQ RUXYºH DYDUH VDQGKLSSQ Q¯QJD QDGDQGKX SÀQ URPED QUDP
KXP WKDPLÄ SGDQJD OVD VXODEDP LUXQGK QDOO LUXNNXP XQJD JKDQDP NXUHQGK
XQJDOXNNXQDOODGKXQDQWKDPLÄOHSHVLQQ¯QJDOXPWKDPLÄSHVXYLQJDLOOH\"DYDUXNNXW¯
SLGLNNYLWW NSSL NXGLNNDOP QLQJD VDPH\DO VHL\D PXGL\YLWW VXKDP KDPWWLQJD
SÌVHGLQJDLOOYLWWWKÀWWDPDÄDKLUXNNGKXUWKULOHWKÌNNDPLOOYLWWDGXWKWKDQOYHOH
VHL\DNDVKWDPLUXNNXPNWKWKXDGLNNYLWWLQQXPVÌGLUXNNXP QºGKÀUDP WKDPLÄ
SDGLNNYLWW SGXQJD PDUDQGKX SÀKXP LQGKD VDQJKDGL XQJDºXNNX VROOYLWW HQDNNX
WKÌNNDPYDUGKXDYDUNÌWWDWKWKXNNXYDQGKXLUXQGKHOOPWKHULQGKXLUXNNXPDYDQJD
SDQDPNRGXWKWKXLUXQGKQQJDDQGKDVPQHYQJLLUXSSÀP
PDÄH SHLGKX LUXQGK LYºDYX VÌG LUXNNGKX Q¯QJD DYDUH NWWX LUXQGK DYDU DGKH
XQJDºXNNX NRGXWKWKX LUXSSU SDºOLNÌGDP LOOHQ NXÄDQGKHQJDºXNNX URPED VDQGKÀVKDP
XQJDºXNNXSDVLLOOHQVSSLGGKLQJDGKKDPHGXWKWKDGKXQMVWKLWKD¼¼LNXGLNND¼XP
151
Adi’s Book.
WKDSOS¯VSDNNDPSÀYLQJDQDGKHWKDSOOHSÀGXQJDXQJDYOH\HLSSRUDPELWKWKGKQ
VLQJODWKWKXNNX XººH PXGL\XP YGK\U SGDQJDºH VDUL\ NDWKWKXNNRGXNNYLWW
PQDYDUXNNX NDVKWDP Y¯WWOH FKDNNDUH LOOHQ YHOODP XED\ÀJLNNDOP NDLOH SD¼DP
LOOYLWW URPED NDVKWDP LUXNNXGKX DGKX XQJDOXNNX WKHUL\DOHQ HQQH NOXQJD PDOH
POHLUXQGKXSUWKWKJUPDPHOOPQDOOWKHUL\XGKX
PÌNNXND¼¼GL LOOYLWW QDQ SDGLNND PXGL\DOH WKLUXGDQH GKDQGLNNDOHQ PDUXSDGL\XP
WKLUXGXYQ QDOODGKX QLQHNNYLWW SDUYD LOOH Q NHWWDGKX QLQHNNDNÌGGKX DQGKD
YLºDNNXHUL\YLWWLQGKDYLºDNNXSÀGXQJD
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152
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 42.
‘EVEN IF’ AND ‘EVEN IF NOT’.
‘even if’:- use conditional form plus ‘lum’
irrespective of number, gender and person.
Conditional ‘even if’
DYDQYDQGK if he comes DYDQYDQGKOXP even if he comes
DYDQDGLWKWK if he strikes DYDQDGLWKOXP even if he strikes
‘even if not’ and ‘although’:- use negative conditional form plus ‘lum’
irrespective of number, gender and person.
DYDQYDUDOHQ if he does not come DYDQYDUDOHQOXP even if he does not come
DYDQYDUYLWW if he does not come DYDQYDUYLWWDOXP even if he does not come
Vocabulary
VXPPFKXPP just, simply, purposeless, costless, free
VXPUVXPU aproximately, not bad, about right
VXPPLUXVQGK be quiet sumara iru (s.ndh) be better(health)
nadaththu (w.in) conduct (meeting), treat(guest)
LUXQGKOXP nevertheless QOXP nevertheless
mahan son mahal daughter
VDKÀGKDUDU brother VDKÀGKDUL sister
VQKLGKDUQDQEDU friend (m.) VQKLGKL friend (f)
erume buffalo SGKL half (measure)
NOEHIRUH a quarter PXNNOEHIRUH three quarters
Sentences.
Q¯QJDGKLQDQGKÀUXPHYºDYXSOYQJULQJD" How much milk do you buy daily?
QQJDGKLQDQGKÀUXPDUHOLWDUHUXPHSDOYQJUÀP
We buy half a litre of buffalo milk every day.
VLODVDPD\DPVLQJODWKOHNOOLWDUSDVXPSOYQJUÀP
Sometimes we buy a quarter litre of cow’s milk in the evening.
Q¯QJDSÀKOXPQQSÀKDPWWQ Even if you go I shall not go.
153
Adi’s Book.
DYDUYDUYLWWOXPQQNDWW\DPSRKD¼XP
Even if he does not come I must go.
DYDQJDHWWXPD¼LNNXYDQGKOXPSÀGKXP
It is enough even if they come at eight o’clock
LGKXNNXQ¯QJDSDWKWKXUÌENRGXWKWKOXPSÀGKGKX
Even if you give ten rupees for this it is not enough.
DYDUSD¼DPNRGXNNYLWWOXPSXVWKDKDWKWKHDYDUXNNXNRGXQJD
Give him the book, even if he does not give the money,.
QPDYDQJDºHNXSSLGYLWWOXPDYDQJDLQJHYDUQJD
They are coming here even if we do not call them.
Q¯QJDSDQDPNRGXWKWKOXPDYDUXNNXVDQGKÀVKDPLOOH
He is not happy even if you give him money.
XQJDºXNNXSLGLNNYLWWOXPQ¯QJDDYDUÀGXSHVD¼XP
Even if you do not like it you should speak to him.
DYDUXQJDVQKLGKDULUXQGKOXPQ¯QJDDSGLVHL\DNXGGKX
You should not do that, even if he is your friend.
PDÄHSHLGKOXPHQPDKDQYHºL\HYLºD\GXYQ
Although it is raining my son will play outside.
Q¯QJDVXPULUXQGKOXPLQGKDPDUXQGKHNXGLNND¼XP
You should take this medicine even if you are better.
QQJDDUXPH\SDGLQOXPHQJDSWWHQ¯QJDNNNDOH
Even if we sing excellently you are not listening to our song.
DYDUHQPDKDOHSDUNNYLWWOXPHQPDKDQHSUNNDOP
He may see my son even if he did not see my daughter.
DYDQJDLQGKDDUH\HNDÄXYLQOXPLGKXVXGKGKDPLOOH
Even if they wash this room this is not clean.
LQLPOHQQPXQGKLYDUYLWWOXPQ¯QJDPXQGKLYDUD¼XP
+HQFHIRUWKHYHQLI¯GRQRWFRPHHDUO\\RXVKRXOGFRPHHDUO\
154
Adi’s Book.
Q¯QJDWKDPLÄHÄXGKYLWWOXPQDOOSVULQJD
Even if you are not writing Tamil you are speaking well.
LGKXNNXPDGKXNNXPYLWK\VDPLUXQGKOXPSDUYLOOH
Never mind even if there is a difference between this and that.
LQGKDSGDPHQDNNXYLºDQJYLWWOXPQQDGKHQDOODSDGLNNDPXGL\XP
Even if this lesson is not clear to me I can read it well.
DQGKDPPXQJDVDKÀGKDULGKQLUXQGKOXPQ¯QJDDYDUHDSGLQDGDWKWKDNÌGGKX
Even if she is only your sister you should not treat her like that.
DYDUQDOODYGK\UGKQQOXPDYDUDGLNNDGLLQJOLVKSVUU
He is indeed a good teacher, nevertheless he often speaks English.
DYDUHQY¯WWXNNXYDUYLWWHQDNNXYDUXWKWKDPLUXNNXP
I will be sorry if he does not come to my house.
RUXYOHQQYDUDPWWQQLQQDURPEDQUDPDFKFKX
Perhaps I shall not come, because it is very late.
Practical Conversation. – At a Conference.
F: First Member, S: Second member.
)VQHKLGKDUNÌWWDPHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXUDPELNNXGKXWKHUL\XP
Friend, what time does the meeting start, do you know?
6NODPHSDWKWKXPD¼LNNXLQQXQLQHNUQ 10 o’clock in the morning, I think.
F. adhu yeppo mudiyum. When will it finish.
6DGKXSDQQHQGXPD¼LNNXPXGL\D¼XPLUXQGKOXPDGXNNXDSUDPSVLNRQGLUXSSQJD
It should finish at 12 o’clock, nevertheless they will keep on talking after that.
)QLQJDNÌWWDWKWKXNNXNDWW\DPYDUXYLQJDº"
Will you definitely come to the meeting?
6PQ¯QJDSÀKYLWWOXPQQSÀYQ Yes, I will go even if you don’t.
)Q¯QJDNÌWWDWKOHSHVXYLQJDº"Q¯QJDSVLQOXPQQSVDPWWQ
Will you speak at the meeting? Even if you speak I will not.
6XQJDLVKWDPQQ¯QJDSVYLWWOXPQQSVDSÀUHQ
As you like, but I am going to speak even if you don’t.
-------------------------
155
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 42.
DL\LQJHVXPPXNNUXQJDMVWKLVDGKGKDPVHL\GKLQJDFKXPPLUXQJDDYDURUX
YUDPVXKDPLOOHLSSR\HSGLLUXNUU"DYDULSSRVXPULUXNUUVXPULUXQGKOXP
NDVKWDPQDYOHVHL\DNÌGKGKXNOOHRUXFKLQQDNDVKWDPGKQQOXPDGKXURPED
YDOLNNXGKXHQJDºXNNXUH¼GDUHN¯ORFKDNNDUHSÀGKXP\HQDNNXLYODYXFKDNNDUHY¼P
DGKDQOHSGKLQ¯QJDNRQGXSÀKDOP
L¼¼DNNLHQJDºXNNXPÌQNOO¯WDUSOY¼XPUH¼GPXNNOO¯WDULSSRSÀGKGKXQºDNNL
VXPUDQMDUHO¯WDUSOYQJXYQHQPDKDQXPPDKDºXPSDOOLNÌGDWKWKXNNXSÀLLUXNUQJD
WKDPELXQVQKLGKLQDOODDÄDKQDSH¼LQQXWKHUL\DGKXYDVDQWKXQVQKLGKDUURPED
QDOODYDULQQXWKÀ¼XGKXXQJDºXNNXHWKWKDQHVDKÀGKDUDUVDKÀGKDULQJDLUXNUQJD"MHED
NÌWWDPHQJHQDGDQGKXNRQGLUXNNXGKX"DGKH\UQDGDWKUQJD"
DYDUXNNKDQ¯QJDURPEDQUDPLUXQGKOXPDYDUYDUDOHDYDUYDUYLWWOXPSDUYDLOOHQQ
NRQMDPQHUDPLUXSSQHQDNNXLQGKDVDQJDGKLWKHULQGKOXPQQDGKHXQJDºXNNXVROODOH
SDUYDLOOHQ¯QJDVROOYLWWOXPHQDNNXDGKXQDOOWKHUL\XPDYDQJDYUDPGKÀUDP
YDQGKOXPHQY¯WWXNNXYDUDPWWDQJDQ¯QJDHYºDYXSUD\VDSDWWOXPDGKXL¼¼DNNL
PXGL\GKXQ\HNXºLSDWWLQOXPDGKXVXGKGKDPLUXNNGKXURPEDYKDPÀGLQOXP
HWWXPD¼LNNXYD¼GL\HSLGLNNDPXGL\DOHQ¯QJDYLUXPELQOXPDQJHLSSRSÀKDPXGL\GKX
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156
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 43.
RELATIVE PARTICIPLES.
AND PARTICIPIAL NOUNS.
Relative pronouns in English are words such as in
He who opens.. The gate which shuts.. A dog that barks..
These follow the pronoun or noun.
There are no relative pronouns in Tamil.
There are relative participles attached to a verb.
These go before the pronoun or noun.
RELATIVE PARTICIPLES F326,7,9(
The present and past relative participles are formed by
dropping the ending and substituting ‘a’, regardless of number, gender and person.
Present Tense Pres. Rel. Participle
YDUQ I come vara who comes
DGLNUQ I strike adikra who strikes
Past Tense Past. Rel. Participle
YDQGKQ I came vandha who came
DGLWKWKQ I struck adiththa who struck
The future relative participle is
the same as the neuter future tense form,
Future Tense Future Rel. Participle
varum it will come varum who will come
adikkum it will strike adikkum which will strike
NB: Present and future Positive Relative Participles are interchangeable.
RELATIVE PARTICIPLES F1(*$7,9(
,QILQLWLYHSOXVµGKD¶UHJDUGOHVVRIQXPEHUJHQGHUSHUVRQDQGWHQVH
YDUGKD who does not come, who did not come, who will not come.
SDGLNNGKD who does not study, who did not study, who will not study.
157
Adi’s Book.
PARTICIPIAL NOUNS F326,7,9(
Present. Present positive relative participle plus 3rd person pronouns.
vara + avan = varavan The man who comes, he who comes.
(Also means ‘He who will come’; pres. and fut. forms are interchangeable, see below.)
Note the forms using other pronouns – varava, varavar, varavanga, varadhu, varadhunga.
Past. Past positive relative participle plus 3rd person pronouns.
vandhavan He who came. Similarly:- vandhava, vandhavar, etc.
Future.
For Weak Verbs:-
For persons; Root + ‘b’ + 3rd person pronouns
For neuter; Root + ‘v’ + 3rd person pronouns
varubavan He who will come.. Similarly:- varubava, varubavar, etc.
For Strong Verbs:-
For persons or neuter Root + ‘pp’ + 3rd person pronouns
nadappavan He who will walk.. Similarly:-nadappava, nadappavar, etc.
and also neuter nadappadhu, nadappadhunga.
NB. Present and future Positive Relative Participial nouns are interchangeable.
PARTICIPIAL NOUNS F1(*$7,9(
Negative relative participle plus 3rd person pronouns,
regardless of number, gender person and tense.
YDUGKDYDQYDUGKDYDYDUGKDYDUYDUGKDYDQJDYDUGKDGKXYDUGKDGKXQJD
He who:- did not come does not come will not come.
Vocabulary
PXQGKL\ already VGKUDQDP ordinarily
D¼DL dam YHººDP flood
anbu love, kndness muyal rabbit
YLVVKDP particularly N¯ÄSDGLZQGK obey
kada (s.ndh) cross HÄXSSXZLQWU wake
vasi (s.thth) live, reside kudi iru (s.ndh) live, reside
-------------------------
158
Adi’s Book.
Sentences.
QLQJDLSSRSDGLNUDSGDPVXODEDPQDGKX
The lesson which you are now studying is easy.
QQQWKWKXVRQQDSGDPLGKXGKQ" Is this the lesson which I said yesterday?
DYDUQºDNNLYVLNNXPSGDPHQDNNXWKHUL\GKX
I don’t know the lesson which he will read tomorrow.
YGK\UNDWKWKXNRGXNNGKDSGDWKWKHQ¯QJD\QSDGLNND¼XP"
Why should you read the lesson which your teacher has not taught you?
VGKUDQDPHOOUXPSVUDWKDPLÄQQPXGKDOOHNDWKWKXNNRºYQ
I shall first learn the Tamil which everyone normally speaks.
Q¯QJDSGLQDSWWHNWWXQQJDURPEDVDQGKÀVKDSSDWWÀP
We enjoyed very much hearing the song which you sang.
GRNWRUQ¯QJDNRGXWKWKDPDUXQGKXURPEDNDVDSSX
Doctor, the medicine which you gave was very bitter.
DYDUVRQQDVDQJDGKLHQDNNXPXQGKL\WKHUL\XP
I know already the news which he said.
D¼DLNDGDQGKDYHººDPDÄXGKOXPYDUGKH (No good crying over spilt milk!)
The flood which has crossed the dam will not come back, even if one cries.
DGL\GKXPGXSDGL\GKX (Spare the rod and spoil the child.)
The ox that is not beaten will not obey.
QQSLGLWKWKXPX\DOXNNXPÌQXNO (To swear black is white)
The rabbit which I caught has only three legs.
DGXWKWKDYUDPQDPY¯WWXNNXYDUXPºSU\HQQD"
What is the name of the person coming to our house next week?
QWKWKXNÌWWDWKOHSVLQDYDUXQJDD¼¼DQ"
Is he your elder brother who spoke in the meeting yesterday?
LQJHVDGKGKDPVHLGKDSÌQHLSSRLOOH
The cat which made the noise is not here now.
QQXQJDY¯WWOHVSSLWWDVSSDGXDUXPH\QDVSSGX
Th food which I ate inyour house was excellent.
159
Adi’s Book.
DGLNNDGLLQJOLVKSHVGKDWKDPLÄYGK\ULGDPWKDPLÄNDWKWKXNNRººXQJD
Learn Tamil from aTamil teacher who does not speak english often.
WKÌQJUDNXÄDQGKH\HGKD\DYXVHLGKXHÄXSSGKLQJD
Please do not wake up the child who is sleeping.
DÄDUHNXÄDQGKHNNXGKQSONLGHNNXP (the squeaky door gets the oil)
Only the child that cries will get milk.
DÄGKDNXÄDQGKHNNX\DUXPSONRGXNNDPWWQJD
Nobody will give milk to the child that does not cry.
Q¯QJDYQJLQDSHWWLNNXHYºDYXSD¼DPNRGXWKWKLQJD"
How much did you pay for the box that you bought.
Q¯QJDNXGLNNXPWKD¼¼LWKWKXWKD¼¼L The water which you drink is river water.
LQGKDSWWXSGLQDYDHQWKDQJDFKFKL It is my younger sister who sang this song.
RFWREHUUH¼GPWKGLPKDWKPJQGKLSLUDQGKDQO
October 2nd was Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday.
Practical Conversation. – With a Neighbour.
H: Householder, N: Neighbour.
+LSSRXQJDY¯WWOHLUXNUDPDQXVKDUHWKWKDQHSU"
How many are the persons who are in your house?
1LSSRHQJDY¯WWOHLUXNUDYDQJDPRWKWKDPHWWXSU
There are eight persons who are in our house now.
+QWKWKXXQJDY¯WWXNNXYDQGKDO\U"
Who was the person who came to your house yesterday?
1QWKWKXHQJDY¯WWXNNXYDQGKDYDUHQVQKLGKDU
The person who came to our house yeaterday is my friend.
H. kaile andha pusthaham enna? What is that book in your hand?
1LGKXQQSDGLNNXPSXVWKDKDPQ¯QJDLGKHSDGLWKWKXLUXNULQJDº"
This is the book which I am reading. Have you read this?
+LOOHQQSDGLNNGKDSXVWKDKDQJDººHLGKXR¼¼X
No, this is one of the books which I have not read.
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160
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 44.
COMPARISON, AND REFLEXIVE VERBS.
COMPARISON.
There are no degrees of comparison in Tamil, but Comparatives are expressed by adding
µHYLGD¶RUµHNNWWLOXP¶RUGDWLYHFDVH
to the declensional baseof the nouns and pronouns compared to,
as en pusthaham unga pusthahathevida periyadhu.
or en pusthaham unga pusthahaththukku periyadhu.
My book is bigger than yours.
Superlatives are expressed by adding
µHOOUDL\XPYLGD¶RU¶HOOUDLNDWWLOXPRUµHOOUXNNXP¶IRUSHUVRQV
and µHOOPYLGD¶RUµHOOWKWKXNNXP¶IRUWKLQJV to the item compared to.
as in LQGKDSDL\DQÀWWDWKOHSDL\DQJDHOOUDL\XPYLGDJHWWLNNUDQ
This boy is the best of all the boys in running.
or in UÀMSÌSÌHOOPYLGDDÄDKQDGKX
or UÀMHOOSÌYH\XPYLGDDÄDKQDGKX
The rose is the most beautiful of all flowers.
REFLEXIVE VERBS.
5HIOH[LYH9HUEVDUHIRUPHGE\DGGLQJµNRº¶WRWKHYHUEDOSDUWLFLSOHV
They take ‘nd’ as medial in the past tense.
edu take HGXWKWKXNRº take for yourself
podu throw SÀWWXNRº put on
YQJX buy YQJLNNRº buy for yourself
N.B.7KHµº¶LVGURSSHGLQWKHFROORTXLDOIRUPZKLFKLVYHU\ZLGHO\XVHG
Vocabulary
thani thaniya separately adhisayam wonder(n.)
UM king DGKLKUDP power
nijam, unme truth VLUHFKFKOH jail
thennai maram coconut tree PPSDÄDP mango
kadal sea, ocean SDOSDÄDP jack fruit
161
Adi’s Book.
NDOOÌUL college YDLGK\DNDOOÌUL medical college
budhdhi wisdom, answer budhdKLVOL wise person
VQWKDP peace, forbearance periyavar old person, adult
SUNNDYQGL\D worth seeing YQGLLUXVQGKGDW to have to
Sentences.
,GKHYLGDRUXQDOODSXVWKDKDPHQDNNXY¼XP
I want a better book than this.
PÌQYDGKXSGDWKWKHYLGDQOYDGKXSGDPNDVKWDPQDGKX
The fourth lesson is harder than the third.
DQGKDSH¼WKDQWK\HYLGDURPEDDÄDKQDYD
That girl is more beautiful than her mother.
HQDNNXVGKDWKWKHYLGDFKDSSWKWKLGKQMVWKLSLGLNNXP
I like chappathies much more than rice.
WKDQL\SÀYDGKHYLGDHOOUXPVHUQGKXSÀYDGKXQDOODGKX
Going together is better than going alone.
SDVXQDPXNNXQ\HYLGDXED\ÀKDPQDGKX
The cow is more useful to us than a dog.
DYDUPÌNNXHQPÌNNHNWWLOXPQ¯ODPLUXNNXGKX
His nose is longer than mine.
WKHQQDLPDUDPHOOPDUDWKWKH\XPYLGDX\DUDPLUXNNXGKX
The coconut tree is the tallest of all the trees.
DYDUHNWWLOXPEXGKGKLVOL\UXPLOOH No one is wiser than he.
PPSDÄDPYÄDSDÄDWKWKHNWWLOXPWKLWKWKLSSLUXNNXP
A mango is sweeter than a plantain.
NXGKLUH\HYLGDQLYKDPÀGDPXGL\XP"
Can a dog run faster than a horse?
LYDQXNNXSÀWWXNNRººDSÀGKXPQDWKX¼LLOOH
This man does not have enough clothes to wear.
Q¯QJDXQJDSQYHHGXWKWKXNRQGLQJDº" Did you pick up your pen?
162
Adi’s Book.
WKDSONUDUWKDSOHGXWKWKXNRQGXSÀUU The postman is carrying the post.
DYDQJDWKDQJDSHWWL\HQPÌGLNRQGQJD" Why did they close up their box?
HYºDYXQUDPWKÌQJLNRQGLUXNULQJD" How long have you been sleeping?
WKDPLÄQDOOSDGLWKWKXNRQGLQJDº" Did you learn Tamil well.
DQGKDPPWKQVDPH\DOVHLGKXNRººDPXGL\DOH
That woman cannot cook by herself.
LQGKDNDVKWDPLOOGKXYOH\HQ¯QJDOQLQJDGKQVHLGKXNRººD¼XP
You yourself should do this easy work.
PXGKDOOHWKDPLÄQDOODSVDNDWKWKXNRººXQJD First learn to speak Tamil well.
HOOUXNNXPSHUL\DYDUNDGDYXº God is the greatest of all.
VQWKDPNDGDOLOXPSHUL\DGKXSURYHUE Forbearance is mightier than an ocean.
QLMDPSVUDGKLOHJQGLML\HYLGDX\DUQGKDYDQJD\U"
Who is greater than Gandhiji in speaking the truth?
QODNNLYDUXPSDOSDÄDWKWKHYLGDL¼¼DNNLLUXNNXPNDºSDÄDPHPOQDGKXSURYHUE
A carissa fruit today is better than a jack fruit tomorrow. (A bird in the hand…)
L¼¼DNLNÌWWDWKOHQ¯QJDSHVDY¼GLLUXNNXP
You will have to speak in today’s meeting.
QQLQJOLVKHYLGDWKDPLÄOHQDOODSVDYXP
HÄXGKDYXP
PXGL\XP
I can speak and write Tamil better than English.
* Note the use of ‘-um…-um’ after the infinitves.
Practical Conversation. – Visiting Vellore.
V: Visitor, L: Local Vellorian.
9YOÌUFKHQQD\HYLGDSHUL\DQDKDUDP" Is Vellore a larger city than Chennai?
/LOOHFKHQQDL\HNWWLOXPFKLQQDQDKDUDP No, Vellore is smaller than Chennai.
9YOÌUOHSUNNHY¼GL\DLGDQJDHQQHQQD"
What are the places worth seeing in vellore?
/RUXSHUL\DNÀWWHYDLGK\DNDOOÌUL&0&VSDWKUL¼JDºXNNXPSH¼JDOXNNXPWKDQLWKDQL\
VLUHFKFKOHQJDLGKHOOPYOÌUOHSUNNDYQGL\DLGDQJD
A big fort, Medical College, CMC Hospital, jails separately for men
and women, these are all places worth seeing in Vellore.
163
Adi’s Book.
9QPDGKHOOPSUNNDSÀKDOP" May we go to see all of them?
/VDULQPSÀKDOPLQGKDWDYXQEDVOHXNNUQGKXNRººXQJD
Alright, let’s go. Sit in this town bus.
9YOÌUHSDWKWKLQQÄXDGKLVD\DQJDNOYLSDWWQDGKXQJDOOPXQJDºXNNXWKHUL\XP"
I heard about seven wonders of Vellore. Do you know all of them?
L. theriyum, V. Yes I know,
UMLOOGKDNÀWWH a fort without a king,
VPLLOOGKXNÀYLO a temple without a deity,
WKD¼¼LLOOGXUX a river without water,
PDUDQJDLOOGKDPDOH a hill without trees,
DGKLKUDPLOOGKDSÀO¯V police without power,
DÄDKXLOOGKDSH¼¼XQJD women without beauty
EXGKGKLLOOGKXNDOOÌULPDQDYDU college students without sense,
QLGKXOHNDGDVLPÌQXPQLMDPLUXNNDPXGL\GKX
but the last three cannot be true!
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 44.
Q¯QJD LQJH PXQGKL\ YDQGKX LUXQGKLQJDº" LQGKL\OH SDOD UXQJDºXNNX D¼DL
NDWWLNR¼GLUXNUQJD SHUL\DYDQJDºXNNX N¯USDGLUD NXÄDQGKHQJD HQDNNX SLGLNNXP WKWKX
YHººDWKOH VLOD PDUDQJDºH NÌGD SUWKQ DYDU URPED QUDP WKÌQJL NRQGLUXNUU VLNUDP
HÄXSSXQJDHQDNNXVGKUDQDPQDVSSGXSÀGKXPYLVVKDPQDVSSGXY¼P
WKDPLÄH YLGD KLQGL VXODEDP LUXNNXGKX LQQX VLOD SHU VROUQJD W¯\H NWWLOXP NSSL
QDOODGKX LQQX NOYLSDWWQ HOO SH¼¼XQJDºHYLGD LQGKD SH¼ QDOO SGU SH¼¼XQJD
HOOUH\XPYLGDLYDGKQQDOODSGUPPEDUDPHOOSDÄDQJDOH\XPYLGDUXVL\QDGKX
SDÄDP HOOPYLGD PPSDÄDP URPED WKLWKWKLSS LUXNNXGKX LQGKD SDL\H NRQMDP
SLGLWKWKXNRººXQJD WKDL\DONUDU NRGXWKWKD WKX¼LQJDºH SÀWWXNRQGLQJDº" QP L¼¼DNNL
SDWKWKX SGDQJD NDWKWKXNNRºYÀP YD¼¼Q WKX¼LQJD HGXWKWKX NRQGXSÀQQ" DYDU DQJH
WKÌQJL NRQGLUXNUU" LGKH XQJDºXNNKD YDLWKWKXNRººXQJD DYDU SDOD GKDGDYH WKQ
VLULWKWKXNNRQGU
164
Adi’s Book.
Q¯QJD VHLUD SHWWL \UXNNKD" DQGKDPP VHLGKX YOH HQDNNX SLGLNNDOH QP QODNNL
VHL\XPYOHNDVKWDPQDGKXLOOHVDUL\YOHVHL\GKDºXNNXWKLUXPEDYOHNRGXNNGKH
HQJD Y¯WWOH WKÌQJLQDYDU HQJD DSS VQKLGKDU VDUL\ SDGLNNGKD SDL\DQJDºH YWK\U
GKDQGLWKWKU DYDU NWWLQD Y¯WWXNNX XººH QQ SÀQQ HQDNNX YDUXP FK¯WWH XQJDºXNNX
NPLSSQXSSXLOODGKDVDSSGXUXVL\LUXNNGKXDQEXLOOGKDYUWKHQJDXED\ÀJDPLOOH
NRYLOLOOGKDÌUOHNXGLLUXNNGKHNXGLNNGKHY¼GGKDNHºYLQJDHQQHNNNGKLQJD
DPHULFOHDQHKDSUSOXPFKDNNDUH\XPLOOGKDNDUXSSXNSSLNXGLNUQJD
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165
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 45.
INTENSIVE VERBS, AND CAUSAL VERBS.
INTENSIVE VERBS.
9HUEVOLNHµYLGX¶OHDYHµSÀGX¶WKURZµYDL¶SODFHµSÀ¶JRµY¶FRPHDUHVXIIL[HGWR
the verbal participles of certain other verbs in order to intensify their meaning. These are
FDOOHG,QWHQVLYH9HUEV7KHLGHDRIFRQWLQXLW\LVJLYHQE\µY¶DQGµYLGX¶JLYHVWKHLGHD
of completeness. Carefully examine the following:-
QWKWKXQ¯QJDHQJHSÀLYLWWLQJD" Where did you go away yesyerday?
LQGKDWKX¼LHOOPNDWWLSÀGXQJD Tie up all these clothes.
LQJHHYºDYXNODPYOHVHLGKXYDULQJD" How long have you been working here?
QQXQJDºXNNXLGKHSDWKWKLPXQGKL\VROOLYDLWKWKQ I told you about this already.
SONHWWDSÀQDGKXDGKHNXGLNNGKH The milk has gone bad, don’t drink it.
CAUSAL VERBS.
Causal verbs are formed by adding ‘vai’ or ‘sei’ to the infinitive.
Verb Causal.
SGX sing SGDYDLSGDVHL cause to sing
nada walk, conduct nadakkavai, nadakkasei cause to walk, conduct
Transitive forms of verbs like the following also serve as Causal Verbs:-
Intransitive. Causal. (transitive)
ÀGX run ÀWWXZLQ cause to run, drive
thirumbu turn thiruppu (w.in) cause to turn
UX climb up, lift WKWKXw.in) cause to climb, lift
irangu climb down irakku (w.in) cause to climb down
SL flow SLFKFKXZLQ pour, cause (water) to flow
NL dry NLFKFKXZLQ cause to dry, boil
UX cool WKWKX(w.in) cause to cool
HÄX rise, get up HÄXppu (w.in) cause to rise,get up
nada walk nadaththu (w.in) cause to walk
-------------------------
166
Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
mayir, mudi hair V¯SSXQ comb
WKDOHYUXZLQ comb WKDOHYULNRºZQGcomb (oneself)
vahidu edu (s.thth) part hair bayappadu (w.tt) fear
bayam fear ED\DQJºL coward
dhairyam courage dhairiyasali courageous one
JX¼DP nature, quality JXQDVOL good natured one
¯UD wet ÌPH dumb man
YQGGKDDGM unwanted, unnecessary Y¼GL\DDGM wanted, necessary
PDUDWKWKXSSÀZLQ become numb UXZLQ cool (become cool)
SUWKWKXNXOHVWKWK bark at kule (s.thth) bark
Sentences.
QQQDOOWKXQJLYLWWQQ¯QJDQHQQHHÄXSSDOH"
I fell fast asleep, why did you not wake me?
GKDLU\DVOLNDVKWDPQDYOHNÌGDVHLGKXYLGXYQ
The tough person will do even hard work.
QQJDDSSRYVROOLYLWWÀPQ¯QJDGKQNNNDOH
We have already told you but you did not pay heed.
ND¼¼GLWDPEODUHNLÄHSÀWWXYLWWLQJDº" Did you drop the glass tumbler?
L¼QDNNLHWKWKDQHNDGLGKDQJDHÄXGKLSÀWWLQJD"
How many letters did you write today?
YQGL\DSXVWKDKDQJDºHNDWWLSÀGXQJDY¼GGKDGKHSÀWWXYLGXQJD
Tie up the books which are wanted, throw away the unwanted ones.
LGKXND¼¼GLVPQSHWWLWKÌNNLSÀGGKLQJD
This is a box of glassware, don’t throw it!
LUDWKX¼LQJDHOOPYH\LOOHN\DYDLQJD Put all the wet clothes in the sun to dry.
,¼¼DNNL\UVDPHWKWKXYDLWKWKQJD" Who cooked today?
SDVXYHLQJHNDWWLYDLNNGKLQJDQLQQHQJDQLDGKHSUWKWKXNXODLNNXP
Don’t tie up the cow here, because our dog will bark at it.
URPEDQUDPDSGL\XNNUQGKNOPDUDWKWKXSÀKXP
167
Adi’s Book.
If one sits like that for a long time the leg will go numb.
DYDUXNNXYD\DVXLSÀFKFKXDGKDQOHDYDUOHQDGDNNDPXGL\DOHLGLRP
He has become very old, so he cannot walk.
QPXPVLULNND¼XPPDWKWKDYDQJDºH\XPVLULNNDYDLNND¼XP
We must laugh and make others laugh too.
PXGKDOOHDYDUXNNXSGDLVKWDPLOOHQQQJDDYDUHHSGL\ÀSGDYDLWKÀP
She did not like to sing at first, but we made her sing somehow.
QDPDPPGKQQDPPHPXGKDOPXGKDOOHQDGDNNDYDLNUQJD
Only our mother makes(helps) us walk the first time.
\HQPVH\H\ULSGLWKLUXSSLQQJD" Who turned my table round this way?
WKÀWWDWKWKLOLUXQGKXPWWHÀWWXQJD Drive the ox from the garden.
NDGDYXºRUXÌPH\HNÌGDSVDYDLNNDPXGL\XP
God can make even a dumb person talk.
WKLUXGDQSÀO¯VNUDUHSUWKWKÀGLYLGXYQ
A thief will run away if he sees a policeman.
NXUDQGKH\H\DUDÄXYDLWKWKQJD" Who made the child cry?
QQDYDQHDQGKDVDPFKFKUDWKWKHVROODYDLWKWKQ
I made him tell that news.
LQGKDSDL\DQH\DUSDGLNNDYDLWKWKQJD" Who educated this boy? (made him study)
&KLQQDVHGLNNXMVWKLWKD¼¼LSLFKGKLQJD
Do not pour(flow) too much water on (to) the small plant.
HSSRYXPWKD¼¼L\HNLFKFKLNXGLNND¼XP
‘You should always boil water to drink’.
QQXQJDºHURPEDDOH\DYDLWKWKQ I made you wander (about) too much.
Practical Conversation. – At Railway Station.
S: Sister, B: Brother.
6DGKÀYDUUDYD¼GLQDPYD¼GL\" That train which is coming, is it ours?
%LOOHDGKXVPQNRQGXSÀKXPµJÌGV¶YD¼GL
No, that is a goods train carrying freight.
6QPUXPYD¼GLVLNUDPYDUXPDOODGKXLQQXPQUDPKXP"
168
Adi’s Book.
Will our train come soon or will it take some more time?
%LQQXPDQMXQLPLVKDWKOHYD¼GLYDQGKXYLGD¼XPQVDUL\QDQUDWKOHYDUXPSUNNDOP
It should come in five minutes but let us see (whether) it comes in time.
6LQGKDVWVKDQOHHYºDYXQUDPQLNNXP" How long will it stop at this station?
%LQJHYD¼GLPÌQXQLPLVKDPYDUDLNNXPQLNNXP
The train will stop here for three minutes.
6LGKXYDÄLOHHOOVWVKDQOH\XPQLNNXP" Will it stop at all stations?
%LOOHLGKXPXN\DPQDVWVKDQOHPWKUDPQLNNXPQLQQLGKXH[SUHVVYD¼GL
No, it will stop at important stations only, because it is an express train.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 45.
XQJD NSSL ULYLGXWKX ULSÀKXGKX VLNUDP VDSSLGXQJD Q¯QJD XQJD NSSL NXGLWKWKX
YLWWLQJDºDQGKDFKLQQDSH¼V¯SSOHWKQYDKLGXHGXWKWKXNRQGDGKXDSUDPWKDQWKDOH\H
URPED DÄDK YULNRQGDGKX XQJDOXNNX Y¼GL\D SXVWKDKDQJDºH HGXWKWKXNRººXQJD Q\H
SDUWKWKXQURPEDED\DSDWWXYLWWLQJD"Q¯QJDED\DQJOLLOOHLOOH\"LSSRXQJDED\DPSÀL
YLWWDGKX LQQX QQ QLQHNUQ Q¯QJD XQJD SGDQJD HOOP SDGLWKWKXYDULQJD¶QX HQDNNX
WKHUL\XP DYDU LQGKD VDQJDGKL\H HOOUXNNXP VROOLYLWWU SOOH XSSX YLÄXQGKXYLWWDGKX
DGKDQOHNHWWXSÀQDGKXSDL\DQSDQGKHPOHWKÌNNLSÀWWQDGKXNL¼DWKOHYLÄXQGKXYLWWDGKX
HQVPQXQJDHQGKDDUHOHSÀWWXYDLWKWKLQJD"DYDUXQJDºHSDWKWKLHQDNNXVROOLYDLWKWKU
QQHOOPSDGLWKWKXYDLWKWKQQQ¯QJDHQQHR¼¼XPNNNDOHDQGKDQ\HNDWWLSÀGXQJD
QLQQHQDNNXURPEDED\DPLUXNNXGKX
L¼¼DNNLURPEDY\\LOYH\\LOOHHQQHQDGDNNDYDLNNDGKLQJDNXÄDQGKHQJDOHSDGLNNDYDLNND
URPEDNDVKWDPLUXNNXGKXÌUDYDQJDQLODWKWKXNNXGKLQDQGKÀUXPWKD¼¼LSLFKFKUQJD
DYDQURPEDQºPWWXYD¼GLÀWWLYDUQXQJDºXNNXFUÀWWDQDOOWKHUL\XP"YD¼GLOHMVWKL
VPQHSSRYXPWKWKGKLQJDHOOYLºDNNXQJDºXPWKWKLYLWWLQJDº"DYDURUXNXUDQGKH
POHVDLNNDOHWKWKLYLWWULQGKDVPQHHQY¯WOHLUDNNLYLGXQJDNXÄDQGKHNNKDPPSO
NLFKFKLNRQGLUXNUU
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169
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 46.
COMPOSITE, PARTICIPIAL AND VERBAL NOUNS, .
COMPOSITE NOUNS.
Composite nouns are formed by suffixing 3rd person endings to adjectives.
Thus ‘nalla’ gives:- nallavan, nallava, nallavanga, nalladhu, nalladhunga.
PARTICIPIAL NOUNS.
These are formed by suffixing 3rd person endings to
relative participles for present and past.
Present and future forms are interchangeable.
Present Past Future
varavan vandhavan varubavan
varava vandhava varubava
varavanga vandhavanga varubavanga
varadhu vandhadhu varuvadhu
varadhunga vandhadhunga varuvadhunga
Meanings, such as ‘the one who comes’ ‘…came’,’…’will come’,and ‘they who…’,etc
Neuter participial nouns change for tenses, as in:-
padikradhu padiththadhu padippadhu
meaning studies, or studying(n.).
VERBAL NOUNS.
These are formed from verbs (roots or infinitives).
These cannot be declined for number, gender, person or tense.
Neuter participial nouns are more often used than the verbal nouns,
nevertheless verbal nouns are also given below, for practice and for recognition purposes.
Verb Verbal Noun Meaning Neut.Particip.Noun
padi padippu studies padikradhu
siri sirippu laughter sirikradhu
SGX SWWX music SGUDGKX
ÀGX ÀWWDP running ÀGUDGKX
NÌGXJDWKHU NÌWWDP meeting NÌGUDGKX
170
Adi’s Book.
Verb Verbal Noun Meaning Neut.Particip.Noun
SU SUYH sight SUNUDGKX
Nº NOYL question NNNUDGKX
171
Adi’s Book.
Sentences.
QDOODGKXVHLUDYDQQDOODYDQLOOH\ One who does good is a good man is he not.
WKLUXGUDYDQWKLUXGDQDQKDUXNNXDYDQWKLUXGDQLQQXWKHUL\GKX
One who steals is a thief. Many do not know he is a thief.
SDODQºWKLUXGDQRUXQºDKDSSDGXYQSURYHUE
‘Several days a thief, one day the caught one’
HQPDUDGKLNNKDQ¯QJDHQQHNDWWD\XPPDQLNND¼XP
You must forgive me for my forgetfulness.
PDUDGKLLUXNUDYDQYÄNNHOHPXQQXNNXYDUDPWWQPXQQUDPWWQ
A man with a short memory will not progress in life.
YLUXSSDPLODGKDYDQJDLQGKDYOH\HVHL\DY¼P
Those who have no desire (don’t want to) need not do this work.
ÀGXYDGKXQDOODYLºD\WWXÀWWDWKOHQQJHWWLNUDQLOOH
Running is a good sport. I am not good at running.
QWKWKXNÌWWDWKOHDYDUSFKFKXURPEDYHGLNNH\LUXQGKDGKX
His speech(talk) in yesterdays meeting was very humerous(funny).
SDVLYºHOHVSSLGUDGKXQDOODYDUDNNDP
Eating when one is hungry(hungry time) is a good habit.
Q¯QJDQLMDPSVUDGKXHQDNNXVDQGKÀVKDWKWKHNRGXNNXGKX
Your speaking the truth makes me happy.
'KLQDQGKÀUXPHÄXGKUDYDQJDNDLHUÌGKXDÄDKLUXNNXP
The handwriting of those who write daily will be beautiful.
Q¯QJDMVWKLYOHVHLUDWKLOOHDGKDQOHXQJDVDPEGKDQHMVWKLLOOH
You don’t work hard so your income is not much.
NDVKWDSSDWWXYOHVHLUDYDUXNNXNDGDYXºXGKDYLVHLYU
God will help those who work hard.
QWKWKXSONRQGXYDQGKDYDUL¼¼DNNL\QYDUDOH"
The man who brought milk yesterday, why did he not come today?
15. ivan nalla nadaththe irukra paiyan. This is a well-behaved boy.
172
Adi’s Book.
XQJDDÄDLSSXHQDNNXNLGDLWKWKDGKXXQJDDUDLSSXNNXQDQGUL
I got your invitation. Thanks for your invitation.
LQGKDNÌWWDWKWKXNNXPXGLYXHSSR"
When will this meeting end.
LGKXUDPEDPXPPXGLYXPLOOGKDNXWWDPLGLRP
This is an endless meeting.
DYDUND¼SUYHQDOODLOOHQLQQDYDUXNNXYD\DVXLSÀFKFKX
He has bad eyesight because he has got old.
WKLUDQGKDYHºLOHYLºD\GKUDGKXNXÄDQGKHNNXQDOODGKX
Playing in an open space is good for the child.
PDUDVPQWKXGDLNUDWKX¼L\H\HQJHYDLWKWKLQJD
Where did you put the cloth for wiping the furniture.
Q¯QJD
WKXGDLWKWKDGKXVDUL\LOOHVDUL\OOHWKXGDLSSDWKWKOHSHUXNNXQJD
Your wiping was not good. Sweep with a broom.
*Note, ‘you wiping’, and not ‘your wiping’ as in English.
LQGKDPPWKDL\DOHSUWKWKLQJDº"LYDUWKDLNUDGKXHQDNNXURPEDSLGLNNXP
Did you see this lady’s stitching? I like her sewing very much.
SPEWWLNNXPXQQOHSPEXGUDGKXDÄDKLUXNNXGKX
The dancing of the snake before the snake-charmer is beautiful.
JKDYDQDPSGDPNNNUDGKXPXN\DPQDYLVKD\DP
It is an important thing to listen to the lessons.
Practical Conversation. F&RPLQJ)RUD:DON"
B: Boy, F: Friend.
%QPUH¼GXSUXPQDGDNNDSÀKDOP" Shall we go for a walk?
)VDULSÀYÀPQDGDNUDGKXQDOODDE\VDP Yes, we’ll go. Walking is good exercise.
%NDGDUNDUHOHQDGDQGKXSÀUDGKXHQDNNXURPEDSLGLNNXP
I very much like walking on the seashore.
)VDULNDGDUNDUHLOOGKDÌUOHHQQDVHLYLQJD"
Alright, what do you do in a place with no beach?
173
Adi’s Book.
%\HQQDVHLUDGKXVHL\DOP"ULNDUHPOHDOODGKXNXºDNNDUHOHQDGDNNDSÀKDOP
What to do? One may walk on the bank of a lake or tank.
XQJDÌUOHUXQDGKLLUXNNXGK" Is there a river in your place?
)PHQJDÌUOHRUXSHUL\DUXLUXNNXGKX
Yes, there is a big river in our place.
%DSSRQ¯QJDWKWKXNDUHPOHQDGDNNDOP Then you may walk on the river bank.
)PLSSRHQDNNXNDºHSSLUXNNXGKXQQY¯WWXNNXSÀUQ
Yes. Now I am tired. I’m going home.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 46.
DQGKD WKDPVK VHLUDYDQ HQ WKDPEL DQJH QLNUDYDQ HQ D¼¼DQ EXGKGKLVOLQJD PDWKWK
DYDQJDºHEXGKGKLLOOGKDYDQJDLQQXQLQHNNDPWWDQJDDYDUWKDQSDGLSSOHGKQYÄNNHOH
PXQQXNNX YDQGKU LQJH VHGLNRGLQJD MVWKL DGKDQOH LGKX SPEXQJDYÄDQDOOD LGDP
SPEXNNXSDOOHYLVKDPWKºXNNXNRGXNNOHYLVKDPQRUXNHWWDPDQXVKDUXNNXXGDPEX
HOOP YLVKDP GKLQDQGKÀUDP SDGLNNYLWW PXQQHWUDP LUXNNGKX HQ DUHOH WKXGHSSD
WKWKOH SHUXNNGKLQJD WKLUDQGKDYHºLOH QP GKLQDQGKRUXP NRQMD GKÌUDP QDGDNUDGKX
QDOODGKX XQJD NDGLGKDWKWKOH NDLHÄXGKX SÀGD Q PDUDQGKX SÀQLQJD" NLºLQJDººH DQHKD
YLGKDPLUXNNXGKXDYDUSVLQDGKXHQDNNXNRQMDPNÌGDSLGLNNDOHXQJDSFKFKXURPED
DUXPH\LUXQGKDGKXQ¯QJDSUWKWKDGKXHQVQKLGKDULOOHDYDUXNNXVLODQºSUYHVDUL\
LOOH Q¯QJD QWKWKX HQQH NWWDGKX LSSR HQQLGDP LUXNNXGKX XQJD NºYLNNX QQ DSUDP
EDGKLOVROYQQQLQGKDYOH\HPXGLSSDGKXDYDUXNNXLVKWDPLOOHLQGKDNDGKHPXGLYX
HQDNNX URPED SLGLWKWKDGKX LGKH SDWKWKL XQJD PXGLYX HQQD" L¼¼DNNL Q¯QJD VDPH\DO
VHLGKDGKXHOOPURPEDUXVL\LUXNNXGKXQDPVDPEGKDQHQDOODYDÄLOHVHODYXVHL\DQXP
DYDQ VDPEGKDQH DYDQ NXGXPEDWKWKXNNX SÀGKGKX LQGKD SXVWKDKDWKWKH Q¯QJD
XED\ÀKLNULQJDº" LQGKD SXVWKDKDWKWOH XQJDºXNNX HQQD XED\ÀKDP" LSSR YH\LO NODP
DGKDQOH URPED YUNXGKX PXKDP HOOP YUYH\ LUXNNXGKX YUYH\H WKXGHQJD Q¯QJD
HQQH VSSLGD DÄDLWKWKDGKX DYDUXNNX SLGLNNDOH PDUDGKL HOOUXNNXP LUXNNXGKX PDUDGKL
LOOGKD PDQXVKDUH Q¯QJD HQDNNX NWWD PXGL\XP" XQJD YLUXSSDP HQQD" DGKX HQDNNX
WKHULQGKQDOODLUXNNXPLGKXNNKDVLULSSDGKDÄXYDGKLQQXHQDNNXSXUL\DOHQDPY¯WOH
GDOXP SGDOXP QDGDQGKX NRQGLUXNNXGKX HQ PDKDQXNNX SDGLSSHYLGD YLºD\WWXGKQ
romba ishtam.
174
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 47.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES OF TIME.
‘When’, or ‘While’.
µSÀGKX¶LVDGGHGWRWKHUHODWLYHSDUWLFLSOHVSUHVHQWSDVWRUIXWXUHDVVHHQLQ
DYDUVSSLGUDSÀGKXSHVDPWWU He will not speak when(while) he eats. (pres.)
DYDUVSSLWWDSÀWKXHQQÀGXSHVDOH He did not speak to me when he ate. (past)
DYDUVSSLGXPSÀGKXQPVSSLGXYÀP We shall eat when he eats. (fut.)
µSÀ¶LVDOVRXVHGLQVWHDGRIµSÀGKX¶µ3UHVHQWDQGIXWXUHIRUPVDUHLQWHUFKDQJHDEOH
The future form is also used for all tenses. The past form is used only for the past.
‘When…not’, or ‘While…not’.
µSÀGKX¶RUµSÀ¶LVDGGHGWRWKHQHJDWLYHUHODWLYHSDUWLFLSOHVDVLQ
DYDQJDXQQHNÌSSLGGKDSÀGKXQ¯QJDQSÀKD¼XP
Why should you go when they did not call you?
‘After’.
‘pin’ or ‘apram’ is added to the past relative participle:-
QQSÀQDSLQQ¯QJDYDQGKLQJD You came after I went.
‘after’ can also be expressed by adding ‘pin’ or ‘apram’
to a neuter past participial noun, dative case: -
QQSÀQadhukkuSLQSÀQadhukkDSUDPQ¯QJDYDQGKLQJD You came after I left.
‘Before’.
Similarly, ‘mun’ is added to the future relative participle:-
QQYDUDPXQQ¯QJDSÀKGKLQJD Don’t go before I come.
‘before can also be expressed by adding ‘mun’ to
a neuter participial noun, dative case, present, past or future, as seen in:-
QQYDUDGKXNNXPXQSÀKDGKLQJD Don’t go before I come.
QQYDQGKDGKXNNXPXQQ¯QJDSÀKDOH You didn’t go before I came.
‘As Soon As’.
µXGDQ¶LVDGGHGWRWKHSDVWUHODWLYHSDUWLFLSOH
or ‘um’ is added to a neuter past participial noun:-
QDQYDQGKDYXGDQHQQYDQGKDGKXPQ¯QJDSRKDOP As soon as I come you may go.
175
Adi’s Book.
‘Until’.
‘varailum’,or ‘varaikkum’ is added to the present or future relative participle,
being used for both future and present tenses:-
Q¯QJDYDUXPYDUDLNNXPYDUDYDUDLNNXPQQLQJHLUXSSQ
I will be here until you come.
‘varailum’,or ‘varaikkum’ is added to the past relative participle, for past tense only.
Q¯QJDYDQGKDYDUDLOXPQQLQJHLUXQGKQ I was here until you came.
Vocabulary
Q¯FKFKDO swimming eli rat
udhavi (n.) help, assistance udhavi sei (w.dh) help (v.)
kottu (w.in) sting, dump rubbish muyarchchi sei (w.dh) try
Sentences.
NXÄDQGKHWKÌQJLQDSSÀGKXQQYHºL\HSÀQQ I went out when the child was sleeping.
HQNXÄDQGKHWKÌQJXPEÀGKX
QQYHºL\HSÀUQ *( ‘p’ after ‘m’ softens to ‘b’ ).
I will go out when my child is asleep.
QQSPEHSDUWKWKDSÀÀGLSÀQQ I ran away when I saw a snake.
SDL\DQJDVDGKGKDPVHLGKDSÀGKXQQJKDYDQDPSDGLNNDPXGL\DOH
When the boys made a noise I could not study attentively.
WKDSOSLVXNNXSÀKXPEÀGKXLQGKDNDGLGKDWKWKHNRQGXSÀYLQJDº"
When you go to the post office will you take this letter?
Y¯WWXNNXSÀQDSLQSÀQDGKXNNXDSUDPDYDQJDºXNNXLQGKDVDQJDGKLWKHULQGKDGKX
They knew about this matter after they went home.
Q¯QJDYDQGKDSLQGKQYDQGKDGKXNNXDSUDPGKQQQJDOOPVSSLGXYÀP
Only after you come all of us will eat.
XQJDSSYDUXPXQYDUDGKXNNXPXQSÀLSGDPSDGLQJD
Go and study your lessons before your father comes.
VDSSLGXPEÀWKXMVWKLWKD¼¼LNXGLNNDNÌGKGKX
You should not drink much water when eating.
176
Adi’s Book.
WKLUXGLQDSÀGKXWKLUXGDQHWKONRWWLYLWWDGKX
While stealing the thief was stung by a scorpion.
DPPNLWWDLUXNNXPEÀWKXNXÄDQGKHNNXED\DPLOOH
When the mother is near the child is not frightened.
XQJDSWWHNNNXPEÀWKXHOOUXNNXPVDQGKÀVKDP
Everybody was happy when they heard your music.
DYDUXNNXMRUDPYDQGKDYXGDQGRFWRULGDPSÀQU
As soon as he got fever he went to the doctor.
14. yeliye parthavudane pune adhe pidiththu thinnuvittadhu.
As soon as the cat saw the rat (mouse) it caught it and ate it up.
ÌUXNNXSÀQDYXGDQHQDNNXNDGLGKDPSÀGXQJD
‘Drop us a line’ as soon as you reach your place.
NXUDQGKHWKÌQJLQDYXGDQWK\XPWKÌQJDSÀQ
As soon as the child slept the mother also went to bed.
Q¯QJDDQJHLUXQGKDYDUDLNNXPDYDQJDQDOOYOHVHLGKQJD
As long as you were there they worked well.
QPDYDUSFKFKXPXGL\XPYDUDLNNXPLUXSSÀP
We shall wait until his speech is over.
Q¯QJDYDUXPYDUDLNNXPQQJDNÀYLOOHLUXQGKÀP
Until you came we were in the temple.
QQSDGLWKWKDYDUDLNNXPSXVWKDKDPQDOODLUXQGKDGKX
The book was nice as far as I read.
QPFKHQQDLNNXSÀQDSRGKXNDGDONDUHNNXNDGDUNDUHNNXSÀKDOH
We did not go to the sea shore (beach) when we went to Chennai.
Q¯LQJHYDUDPXQHQJHVHLGKXNRQGLUXQGKHVHLGKXYDQGKH
Where were you working before you came here.
LQGKDSXVWKDKDWKWKHPXGLNNXPYDUDLNNXPQQWKÌQJDPWWQ
I will not sleep until I finish this book.
177
Adi’s Book.
RUXDÄDKQDNXÄDQGKHHQQHSUWKDYXGDQHQDNNXYD¼DNNDPVRQQDGKX
A beautiful child greeted me as soon as she saw me.
Q¯QJDHQQHNXSSLGUDSÀGKXQQYDUDWKD\ULUXSSQ
I shall be ready to come when you call me.
Practical Conversation. F$W7KH6ZLPPLQJ3RRO
E: Elder, Y: Youngster.
(WKDPELXQQDNNXQLFKFKDOWKHUL\XP" Youngster, do you know how to swim?
<HQDNNXQLQGKDWKHUL\GKXHQDNNXWKD¼¼L\HSUWKWKURPEDED\DPLUXNNXGKX
I don’t know how to swim. I am very frightened of water.
(RKDSGL\"Q¯QLQGKDNDWKWKXNRººDY¼XP"
Oh is that it? Do you want to learn to swim?
Q¯NDWKWKXNRººXPEÀGKXQQXQQÀGXLUXSSQED\DSSDGGKH
While you learn I will be with you. Don’t be frightened.
<VDULQJDQQNDWKWKXNRººDPX\DUFKFKLVHLYQ
Alright sir, I shall try to learn.
WKD¼¼LOHQQLUDQJLQDYXGDQHQQHGKD\DYXVHLGKXSLGLWKWKXNRººXQJD
As soon as I get into the water please catch hold of me.
(PXGKDOOHDQGKDNDUHYDUDLNNXPQLQGKXDQJHSÀQDGKXNNXDSUDPWKLUXPEDY
First swim upto that side. After you reach there come back.
<QQDQJHSÀKXPXQHSGLQLQGKD¼XPHQDNNXNWWXQJD
Before I go there, show me how to swim.
(QQQLQGKXPSÀGKXQ¯\XPDGKHSÀODVHLNDVKWDPLUXQGKQQXQDNNXXGKDYLVHLYQ
When I swim, you do the same. If it is difficult I shall help you.
<LSGL\¶QJD"LSSRQQNRQMDPQLQGKDPXGL\XP
Like this, sir? Now I can swim a little.
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178
Adi’s Book.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 47.
Q¯SDººLNÌGDPSÀUDSSÀGKXQQXPYUQQ¯SDººLNÌGDPSÀKXPEÀGKXHQQHNÌSSLGD
PDUDNNGKHQQSDººLNÌGDPSÀQDSSÀGKXXQYGK\UHVDQGKLWKWKQQQJDSDººLNÌGDP
SÀKGKDSÀGKXHQJDQ\ÀGKXYLOD\GDYÀPYGK\UYDQGKDSLQP¼DYDQJDSDGLNND
UDPELWKWKQJDYWK\UXNNUXGKDGKXNNXDSUDPPQDYDQJDXNNUQGKQJDYOÌUXNNX
YDUDPXQQ¯QJDHQJHYOHVHLGKLQJD"
YOÌUXNNX YDUXYDGKXNNXPXQ HQJH LUXQGKLQJD" DYDU WKDQ VQKLGKDU YDQGKDGKXP
DYDUÀGXVSSLWWUQ\HSDUWKDYXGDQSÌQHÀGLSÀLYLWWDGKXQ¯QJDVDSSLGUDYDUDLNNXPQQ
SDGLWKWKXNRQGXLUXNNDOP"QQYDUXPYDUDLNNXPQ¯QJDDQJH\XPSÀKDNXGKGKX
SXUXVKDU YDQGKDYDUDLNNXP PDQDYL NDGLGKDP HÄXGKLQU QQ YDUXPXQ DYDU HQJH
SÀLYLWWU"
Q¯QJDYDUDGKXNNXPXQDYDQJDYOH\HPXGLWKWKXYLWWQJD DYDUHQQHNÌSSLGD
YDQGKDSÀGKXQQYHºL\HLUXQGKQQQVXKDPLUXNUDSÀHQYOH\HQDOODVHLGKDPXGL\XP
SOYQJXPERWKXSONUDQXNNXSD¼DPNRGXNNDPDUDQGKXSÀQQ QPYOH
VHL\GKDSÀGKXNDGDYXºHQLQHWKWKXNRQGLUXNND¼XPXQJDÌUSÀLVUQGKDYXGDQNDGLGKDP
SÀGXQJD
ND\LWKWKH DYLÄWKWKDYXGDQH PGX URPED YKDP ÀGLSÀQDGKX QP LQGKD XODKDWKOH
LUXNNXPYDUDLNNXP QDOODGKX VHL\D¼XP QLQJD SHVGKDYDULNNXP WKDPLÄ HSGL YUXP"
VXODEDP LUXQGKDYDUDLNNXP WKDPLÄ SDGLNND QDOOD LUXQGKDGKX MRUDP YDUDGKXNNXPXQ
LQGKDPDUXQGKHVSSLGXQJDWKLUXGDQHOOPSÀQDSLQQLNXUDLNNDUDPELWKWKDGKX
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179
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 48.
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES, (CONTINUED).
‘In Order To’ or ‘So That’. (adverb of purpose)
‘In order to’ is expressed by Future Relative Participle plus ‘padi’(‘badi’).
An infinitive is also used to express this.
QQJDLQGKDVDQJDGKL\HsollumbadhiYDQGKÀP:HFDPHKHUHin order to tell this news.
QQLQJHLQGKDVDQJDGKL\HsollaYDQGKQ I came here in order to tell this news.
‘In Order To...Not’ or ‘So That…Not’.
‘In order to…not’ is expressed by Negative Relative Participle plus ‘padi’(‘badi’),
regardless of number, gender, person and tense.
YDºLHGXNNGKDpadiHQDNNXÌVLSÀGXQJD
Please give the injection so that (in such a way that) it will not hurt.
‘As’.(adverb of manner)
‘as’ is expressed by Present Relative Participle plus ‘padi’(‘badi’), for present and future,
and by Past Relative Participle plus ‘padi’(‘badi’), for past tense only.
Q¯QJDVROUDSDGLQQVHLUQ I will do as you say
QQVRQQDSDGLDYDQYHOHVHLGKQ He did the work as I said.
‘Because’ or ‘Since’. (adverb of reason)
‘because’ is expressed by
VXIIL[LQJµSDGL\OH¶RUµSDGL\LQOH¶RUµDGKOH¶RUµDGKDQOH¶WR
Present Relative Participle, for present. and future,
and to Past Relative Participle for past tense only.
The negative form ‘Because…Not’LVH[SUHVVHGE\DGGLQJµGKD¶WRDQLQILQLWLYH
SOXVµSDGL\OH¶HWFUHJDUGOHVVRIQXPEHUJHQGHUSHUVRQDQGWHQVH
PDÄHSHLUDGKOHQQYHºL\HSÀKDPWWQ Because it is raining I will not go out.
PDÄHSHLGKDSDGL\OHQQYHºL\HSÀKDOH Because it rained I did not go out.
Q¯QJDNÌSSLGGKDSDGL\OHQQYDUDOH Because you did not call I did not come.
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Adi’s Book.
Vocabulary
NDºHSSX tiredness QÀ\OL sick person
NDºHSSLUXVQGK be tired QÀLY\GKL disease
kadan debt YLºDNNDP clarity
NDGDQNºVWW borrow P¯Q fish
kadan kodu (s.thth) lend GKYDGKX something
NÌWWDP meeting nada, madhdhi centre, middle
NÌWWDPQDGDWKWKXZLQ conduct meeting NÌWWDPQDGDVWKWK meeting (going on)
Sentences.
QÀLSÀKXPEDGLQPPDUXQGKXVSSLGD¼XP
So that the disease is cured we should take medicine.
GKÌVLSRKXPEDGKLHOOPQDOOVXGKGKDPVHLQJD
Clean everything properly so that the dust goes.
SDQDPNDGDQNNNXPEDGL\UXQQLGDPYDQGKQJD"
Who came to you in order to borrow money?
HOOUXNNXPWKHUL\XPEDGKLYLºDNNDPHÄXGKXQJD
Write clearly so that everybody can understand.
NXÄDQGKHSXVWKDKDWKWKHNLÄLNNGKDSDGLSUWKWKXNRººXQJD
Take care so that the child does not tear the book.
DYDULQJHDGLNNDGLYDUGKDSDGLQ¯QJDHGKYDGKXVHL\D¼XP
You should do something so that he does not come here often.
QQVROUDSDGLQ¯QJDVHLGKWKDPLÄV¯NUDPSVDPXGL\XP
If you do as I say you will be able to speak Tamil fluently.
Q¯QJDSGUDSDGLQQDÄDKHSSRYXPSGDPXGL\GKX
I can never sing as nicely as you do.
DYDUNDVKWDSDWWDSDGLYUH\UXPNDVKWDSSDGDOH
No one has suffered as much as he did.
QQVXKDPLOOGKDGKOHQWKWKXLQJHYDUDOH
I did not come yesterday because I was sick.
181
Adi’s Book.
YLºDNNXHULUDSDGL\OHQ¯QJDED\DPLOOPHYOHVHL\DOP
As the light is on you may work without fear.
DGLNNDGLWKDPLÄOHSVUDSDGL\OHDYDQJDWKDPLÄQDOOSVDPXGL\XP
Since they are talking Tamil often they can talk Tamil well.
DYDUHQQHNÌSSLGGKDSDGL\OHQQDQJHSÀKDOH
I did not go there because he did not call me.
NDGHPÌGLLUXQGKDSDGL\OHQQR¼¼XPYQJDOH
I did not buy anything as the shop was closed.
SD¼DNNUDQÄHNNXSD¼DPNRGXWKWKDGKOHÄHVDQGKÀVKDPLUXNUQ
Because the rich man gave him money the poor man is happy.
QQURPEDGKXUDPQDGDQGKDSDGL\OHHQDNNXURPEDNDºHSSLUXNNXGKX
As I walked very far I am very tired.
NÌWWDPHQY¯WWXNNXNLWWDQDGDNNDSÀUDSDGL\OHQQNDWW\DPSÀYQ
As the meeting is going to be held near my house, I must go.
Q¯QJDNDGLGKDPHÄXGKGKDSDGL\OHQQXPXQJDºXNNXHÄXGKDOH
As you did not write a letter to me, I (also) did not write to you.
XQJDºHVDQGKLNNXPEDGLGKQVDQGKLNNDGKQQQLQGKDÌUXNNXYDQGKQ
I came to this place only in order to meet you.
P¯QSLGLNNXPEDGLQQULNNXSÀYQ I will go to the lake to catch fish.
WKQJDVROUDSDGLQDGDNUDYDQJDVHLUDYDQJDQDOODYDQJD
They who practice what they preach are good people.
YDÄDNNDSSDGLQQJDSDWKWKXPD¼LNNXWKÌQJDSÀQÀP
As usual we went to bed at ten o’clock.
XQJDLVKWDSSDGL\HOOPQDGDNNXPLGLRP
Everything will be done according to your wish.
HQDNNXURPEDSDVLHGXWKWKDSDGL\OHV¯NUDPVSLWWQ
I ate earlier because I was very hungry.
SÀGKXPQDSD¼DPLOOGKDSDGL\OHHQDNNXVDQGKÀVKDPLOOH
Because I do not have enough money I am not happy.
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182
Adi’s Book.
Practical Conversation. F$7DQN5HVHUYRLU
V: Visitor, L: Local Man.
9NXGLWKD¼¼LNXºDPHQJHLUXNNXGKX" Where is the drinking water tank?
/DGKXJUPDWKWKXNNXPDGKLOHLUXNNXGKX It is in the middle of the village.
9LQGKDNXºDWKWKXWKD¼¼L\QURPEDDÄXNNLUXNNXGKX
Why is this tank water very dirty.
/LQGKDNXºDWKOHGXPGXQJDºHVXGKGKDPVHLUDSDGL\OHDÄXNNLUXNNXGKX
Because cattle are washed in this tank it is dirty.
9NXºDWKWKXWKD¼¼LDVXGKGKDPDÄXNNXKGKDSDGLJUPDMDQDQJDSDUWKWKXNRººD¼XP
The villagers should see that the tank water does not become dirty.
/DGKXQLMDPQJUPDMDQQDQJDºHGKQNXºDWKOHNXºLNUQJDWKX¼LQJDWKÀLNUQJDDSUDP
DGKWKD¼¼LNXGLNUQJD7KDWLVWUXHEXWWKHYLOODJHUVWKHPVHOYHVEDWKHZDVK
clothes, then they drink the same water.
9JUPDMDQDQJDNXGLNNDNXGLNNXPEDGLWKD¼QLYUHHQJLUXQGKXNRQGXYDUQJD"
From where else do the villagers bring water to drink?
/QQVRQQDSDGLLQGKDDÄXNNXWKD¼¼L\GKQNXGLNNDNRQGXSÀUQJD
As I said, they are taking only this dirty water to drink.
9DL\ÀLGKXPÀVDPLOOH\" Oh dear, it is a shame, is it not?
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 48.
QQXQJDY¯WWXNNXYDUDSXUDSDWWQQ¯QJDHQQHLQJHYDUXPEDGLVRQQLQJDLOOH\
NXÄDQGKH YHºL\H SÀKGKDSDGL NDGKDYH PÌGLYLWWQ DYDU QP VRQQDSDGL VHLGKU
DGKXGKQQDOODGKXWKDPLÄSGDPNDVKWDPLUXQGKDSDGL\OHQQDGKHSDGLNNDOHQ¯QJD
HQJDºXNNX VSSGX NRGXWKWKDSDGL\OH DYDQJDºXNNX VDQGKÀVKDP UWKUL HOOP YLºDNNX
HUL\GKDSDGL\OHLUXWWLUXQGKDGKX
DYDQJD VLULNNXPEDGL QQ LGKH DYDQJDºXNNX VROODOH JUPD MDQDQJD VDPEGKLNNXPEDGL
QDKDUDQJDºXNNX SÀUQJD QP NNNGKDSDGL DYDQJD URPED PHGKXY SHVLNR¼GQJD
YÄNNHOHQPQLQHNUDSDGLQDGDQGKHYºDYXQDOODLUXNNXP"SXVWKDKDQJDºHPVHPHOHQQ
YDLWKWKDSDGL\ YDLQJD SGDQJDºH Q¯QJD VDUL\ JKDYDQLNNGKDSDGL\OH DGKXQJD
XQJDºXNNXYLºDQJDOHQQJDHOOPNDGDUNDUHNNXQDGDNNDSÀQÀP
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183
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 49.
SUFFIX ‘UM’ AND ITS USES.
([SUHVVHVµ$QG¶ðwhen it follows nouns and pronouns.
UPXPUDKLPXPVQKLGKDU Ram and rahim are friends.
([SUHVVHVµ(YHQ¶RUµ$OVR¶ð when it follows a single noun or pronoun.
LQJHRUXPVH\XPLOOH There is not even a table here.
QPXPDGLNNDGLWKDPLÄOHSHVXYÀP We also will speak in Tamil often.
,QWHUURJDWLRQSOXVµXP¶([SUHVVHV8QLYHUVDOLW\ð
\UXPVXODEDPWKDPLÄNDWKWKXNRººDOP Anyone may learn Tamil easily.
9HUEDO3DUWLFLSOHSOXVµXP¶([SUHVVHVµ$OWKRXJK¶ð
PDÄHSHLGKXPLQQXPVÌGXDGDQJDOH although it rained the heat has not subsided.
&RQGLWLRQDOSOXVµXP¶([SUHVVHVµHYHQLI¶ð
Q¯QJDGKLQDQGKÀUXPRUXPD¼LQUDPGKQSDGLWKWKOXPSÀGKXP
It will be enough even if you study only one hour daily.
1HXWHU3DVW3DUWLFLSLDO1RXQSOXVµXP¶([SUHVVHVµDVVRRQDV¶ð
ÌUXNNXSÀQDGKXPHQDNNXNDGLGKDPSÀGXQJD
Drop me a line as soon as you reach home.
$1XPHUDOSOXVµXP¶([SUHVVHV&RPSOHWHQHVVZLWKRXWH[FHSWLRQð
Q¯QJDQOXSUXPL¼¼DNNLSGD¼XP All four of you should sing today.
µ,QQXP«LQQXP¶&RQQHFWV6WDWHPHQWVð
WKDPEL QQ XQJDSSYH SUNND YDQGKQ LQQXP PDUXSDGL\XP QQ DYDUH VDQGKLNND
YDUXYQLQQXPYUXPEÀGKXUH¼GXQDOODSXVWKDKDPNRQGXYDUXYQLQQXPXQDSSYXNNX
sollu. Child, tell your father that I came to see him and I shall come again to
meet him and will bring two nice books when I come.
Vocabulary
pirar other people VOH road
ÀUDP edge NXUXNNXYDÄL short cut
XEDGKVDP preaching NKDPNNN crow
XEDGKVDPVHLZGK preach SDQDPSDÄXP palmyra fruit
XEDGKVLVWKWK preach niraya full, overflowing
184
Adi’s Book.
pichche alms nadu, madhdhi centre, middle
SLFKFKHNUDQ beggar RÄXQJX neatness
pichche edu (s.thth) beg NDWWD\DP certainly
pichche kodu (s.thth) give alms QLFKFKD\DP certainly
tholle nuisance thondaravu nuisance
tholle kodu (s.thth) be a nuisance QVDPQ love
thondaravu sei (w.dh) be a nuisance QVLVWKWK love
Sentences.
DYDUHQQHSUWKWKXPHQQÀGXSVPHSÀLYLWWU
Although he saw me he left without speaking to me.
NWKWKXDGLWKWKDGKXPDGLWKWKDYXGDQHPDÄHSHLGKDGKX
It rained as soon as the wind blew.
Q¯QJDNÌSSLWWOXPDYDUYDUDPWWU He won’t come even if you call him.
HOOVPQXNNXPQQHYºDYXNRGXNND¼XP"
How much should I pay for all the things
DYDQJDLQGKDYOH\HHSGL\XPVHL\DPXGL\XP
They can do this work somehow or other.
LQJHHOOPLUXNNXGKXQ¯QJDDGKH\XPVSSLGDOP
Everything is here, you may eat anything.
HSSRYXPX¼PHQLMDPSHVD¼XPLQQXPQPQDPPHQVLNUDGKHSÀODYHSLUDUH\XP
QHVLNND¼XPLQQXPHVXQGKDUXEDGKVDPVHLGKU The Lord Jesus preached that we
should always speak the truth and love others as we love ourselves.
Q¯QJDSDWKWKXSUXPLQJHVSSLGDYQJD All ten of you come here to eat.
QPHSSRYXPVOH\ÀUDPQDGDNND¼XP
We should always walk on the edge of the road.
SLFKFKHNDUDQJDQDPDNNXHOOPLGDWKWKLOXPWKROOHNRGXNUQJD
The beggars are a nuisance to us everywhere.
QQLSSRWKÌQJDSÀUQ\UXPHQQHWKRQGDUDYXVHL\DNÌGGKX
I am going to sleep now, no one should disturb me.
185
Adi’s Book.
LGKXNÀYLOOXNNXSÀKDNXUXNNXYDÄL This is a short cut to the temple.
QDGXUWKULGKQWKLUXGDQXNNXURPEDQDOODQUDP
Midnight is a very good time for a thief.
LQGKDSGDPSDODGKDGDYHSDGLWKWKOXPHQDNNXYLºDQJDOH
Although I studied this lesson several times, it is not clear to me.
MVWKLWKD¼¼LNXGLWKWKXPHQGKKDPSRKDOHDGDQJDOH
Although I drank a lot of water my thirst is not quenched.
WKWKXOHSÀWWOXPDºDQGKXSRGX
Even if you throw something in the river, measure and throw it.
(Keep account of all you do, even that of little value).
\UXPLQLPHOHLGKHSDWKWKLSVDNÌGGKX Nobody should talk about this hereafter
NKXPXNNUQGKDGKXPSDQDPSDÄXPYLÄXQGKDGKX
As soon as the crow sat the palmyra fruit fell. (The last straw on the camel’s back)
LGKXLQQXPDGKXLQQXPQSVLNRQGLUXNUH" Why keep saying this and that?
QPHSSRYXPHQGKDYOH\XPRÄXQJVHL\D¼XP
We should always do any work neatly.
DYDUXGXSSXPSFKFKXPSUWKWKSHUL\DPDQXVKDUHSÀODLUXNNXGKX
He looks like a great man by his dress and speech.
LQJH\XPDQJH\XPVXPPQDGDQGKXNRQGLUXNNGKLQJD
Don’t just keep walking here and there.
Q¯QJDHQQDGKQVRQQOXPDYDURUXQDOODPDQXVKDUGKQ
Whatever you say, he is definitely a good man.
WKWKXOHQLUD\DYHººDPYDQGKOXPQLQNNLGKDQNXGLNND¼XP
Even if the river floods the dog has to lick to drink. (There is a limit to one’s capacity).
XQJDYOHPXGLQGKDGKXPHQQHYDQGKXSUXQJD
Come and see me as soon as your work is finished.
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186
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 50.
68)),;(6µ¶µ¶µ¿¶$1'µ9$'+8¶
µ¶([SUHVVHV$4XHVWLRQ
QWKWKXDYDUYDQGKU? Did he come yesterday?
µ¶([SUHVVHV(PSKDVLV
LQGKDSHWWLOH\SD¼DPSRWWXYDL Keep the money in this box.
DYDUQWKWKXLQJHYDQGKU He did come here yesterday.
µÀ¶([SUHVVHV$4XHVWLRQ:LWK$Q(PSKDVLV
QWKWKXQ¯QJDOÀ vandhinga? Was it you who came yesterday?
µÀ¶$OVR([SUHVVHVµHLWKHU«RU¶
Q¯QJDLSGL\ÀDSGL\ÀSRKDOP You may go this way or that way.
,QWHUURJDWLRQµÀ¶ LQGHILQLWHQHVV
avar HQJH\ÀSÀQU He went somewhere.
µÀ¶$OVR([SUHVVHVµEXW¶
DYDQSD¼DNNUDQGKQDYDQÀQDOODVSSLGDPXGL\GKX
He is indeed a rich man, but he cannot eat well.
&DUGLQDO1XPEHUµYDGKX¶ 2UGLQDO1XPEHU,QWHUFKDQJHDEOHZLWKµP¶
QOYDGKX (QOPSGDPYDVLQJD Read the fourth lesson.
6LQJOH:RUGµYDGKX¶ µ$W/HDVW¶
Q¯QJDLGKXNNXSDWKWKXUÌEYYDGKXNRGXNND¼XP
You should give at least ten rupees for this.
µYDGKX«YDGKX¶$OVR([SUHVVHVµHLWKHU«RU¶
L¼¼DNNLNÌWWDWKOHQ¯QJDºYDGKXQQYDGKXSVD¼XP
In today’s meeting either you or I should speak.
Vocabulary
NÀEDPNÀYDP anger NXUXNN across (dat.)
NÀEDPYZQG be angry QUYDÄL straight way
vahuppu class, standard, grade PPVDP meat
-------------------------
187
Adi’s Book.
Sentences.
QQLYDUHHQJH\ÀSUWKWKXLUXNUQ I have seen him somewhere.
LYºDYXVSSGHHQDNNXSÀGKXP This much food is enough for me.
QQDGKHHQND¼¼OH\SUWKWKQ I saw that with my own eyes.
Q¯QJDHQQHHSSRYXPSUNNDOH\ÀSUWKWKDGKXLOOH\À"
You have never seen me have you?
QODNNLXQJDYOHNUDQNDGHWKHUXNNXSÀYQ"
Will your servant go to the market tomorrow?
HQDNNXLSSRSQYÀSHQFLOÀY¼XP I want a pen or pencil now.
DYDUSD¼DNNUDUQ¯QJDOÀÄHQ¯QJDHSGLLGKHVHL\DPXGL\XP"
He is a rich man but you are poor. How can you do this?
Q¯QJDLQGKDFKLQQDYOH\YDGKXVHL\D¼XP You should at least do this small job.
HQDNNXXGDQHNRQMDPNSSL\YDGKXW¯\YDGKXNRQGXYQJD
Bring me some coffee or tea at once.
XQJDPDKDQLSSRHWKWKDQH\YDGKXYDKXSSXOHSDGLNUQ
In which class (standard) is your son studying now?
Q¯QJDLSGL\VHLGKXYDQGKHQDNNXNÀEDPYDUXP
If you keep doing this, I will get angry.
DQGKDNDVKWDPQDYOH\HHSGL\ÀVHLGKXPXGLWKWKQ
I have finished doing that difficult job somehow.
DYDUQDOODYDUÀNHWWDYDUÀHQDNNXSDUYOOH
I don’t care if he is a good man or a bad man.
QQYDGKXHQVQKLGKDUYDGKXQQÀHQVQKLGKDUÀXQJDºHVDQGKLSSÀP
Either I or my friend will meet you.
LQGKDÀWWDOOHHWKWKDQH\YDGKXDUHOHWKDQJLLUXNULQJD
In this hotel in what room number are you staying.
ÄHMDQDQJDºXNNXQPLQGKDXGKDYL\YDGKXVHL\D¼XP
We should give at least this help to the poor people.
¼LQJDXQJDNDGLGKDWKOHNDLHÄXWKXSÀWWLQJDº" Did you sign your letter?
188
Adi’s Book.
DYDUMDQDQJDºXNNXLSGLXEDGKVLNNDOP" Can he preach to the people like this?
HQVQKLGKDUHQDNNXNDGLGKDPSÀWWUQQÀLQQXPEDGKLOSÀGKDOH
My friend has written a letter to me, but I have not yet sent a reply.
HQDNNXHYºDYÀNDVKWDPLUXNNXGKXDGKH\UXNNXPVROODPWWQ
I have such a lot of trouble, but I will not tell anyone.
XEDGKVDPVHLUDGKÀVXODEDPDGKDQSDGLQDGDSSDGKÀNDVKWDP
It is indeed easy to preach, but difficult to act accordingly.
W¯\ÀNSSL\ÀHGKÀV¯NUDPNRGXQJD Give me tea or coffee or something quickly.
LQGKDYDÄLNXUXNNXYDÄL\QUYDÄL\" Is this a short cut or a straight route?
Q¯QJDWKLQJDNLÄDPH\YDGKXVHYYNLÄDPH\YDGKXYDUDPXGL\XP"
Can you come on Monday or Tuesday?
DYDUNXÄDQGKHNNXNRQMDPPLWW\YDGKXYQJD¼XP
I must buy at least some sweets for his child.
Practical Conversation. F7DPLOLDQ)RRG
F: Foreigner, T: Tamilian.
)WKDPLÄQWOHNODLOHVGKUD¼DPHQQDVSSLGDYQJD"
In Tamil Nadu what do they usually eat in the morning.
7WKDPLÄDUXNNXGKÀVDL\ÀLGOL\ÀXSSXPYÀGKQNODPHVSSGX
Dhosai or idli or uppuma is the common breakfast for Tamilians.
)7KDPLÄDUGKÀVDLLGOL\ÀGXNSSL\YDGKXW¯\YDGKXVSSLGDPWWQJDº"
Don’t the Tamilians take coffee or tea with idli or dhosai?
7PQDYDQJDVGKUDQDPW¯\HYLGDNDSSLMDVWKLVSSLGDYQJD
Yes, but they would usually take more coffee than tea.
VSSLGDHGKXLUXQGKOXPVDULLOOYLWWOXPVDULDYDQJDºXNNXNSSLNDWW\DPLUXNND¼XP
Whether there is something to eat or not, there must be coffee.
)DYDQJDPDGK\QDVSSWWXNNXPUWKULVSSWWXNNXPHQQDVSSLGXYDGKXYDÄDNNXP"
What are they used to eating for lunch and supper.
7PDGK\QDPVSSWWXNNXVGKDPXPNLNDUL\XPVLODVDPD\DPPXWWH\XPPPVDPXP
For lunch, rice and vegetables, sometimes eggs and meat.
189
Adi’s Book.
7UWKULVSSWWXNNXVGKDPXPUDVDPXPDSSDºDPVSSLGXYDGKXYDÄDNNXP
For supper, rice rasam and appalum are usually eaten.
)HOOWKDPLÄDUXPPPVDPVSSLGDYQJDº" Do all Tamilians eat meat?
7LOOHHOOUXPLOOHDQKDSUVSSLGXYDGKXLOOH No, not all. Many people do not eat it.
Expansion Drill, For Lesson 48, 49, 50.
QPGKLQDQGKÀUXPWKDPLÄSVUDSDGL\OHDGKXVXODEDPYDUXGKXLQGKDYOHL¼¼DNNL
PXGL\GKDGKOH QºDNNL NDWW\DP LGKH PXGLNND¼XP PDPE\LOLUXQGKX FKHQQDLNNX
V¯NUDPYDQGKXVUXPEDGLUÀSOQOHSXUDSDWWÀPDQKDSUNÌWWDWKWKXNNXYDUGKDSDGL\OH
NÌWWDPQDGDNNDOHPDÄHÀL\GKDGKOHQQJDNDGHWKHUXNNXSÀKDPXGL\DOH
Q¯QJDYLUXPELQDSDGLHOOPQDOOPXGLQGKDGKX
QP QDP Y\XNNX YDQGKDSDGL SVDNÌGDGKX LGLRP DYDU QNNOL\H WKDºOLQD
SDGL\OH DGKX N¯ÄH YLÄXQGKX XGHQGKDGKX VSSGX URPED UÌVL\ LUXQGKDGKOH DYDQJD
MVWKL VSSLWWQJD GXQJD SXO P\XPEDGL POHNNX SÀQDGKXQJD LQGKD VHGLQJDºH
QDGXPEDGLWKÀWWDNUDQNRQGXYDQGKQQ¯QJDVXKDPKXPEDGLQQJDGKYDQHWKRUDUÀP
LYDUXNNX WKDPLÄ HÄXGKDYXP SDGLNNDYXP URPED QDOOD WKHUL\XP LSSROP DQKD
SH¼¼XQJDºXP S¯VOH YOH VHLGKXYDUQJD HQ SH¼¼XNNXP SÌ URPED LVKWDP LQQX QQ
XQJDºXNNXVRQQQ\UXPLQGKDSXVWKDKDWKWKHVXODEDPSDGLNNDOPDYDUHSGL\XPHWWX
PD¼LNNXººHYDQGKXYLGXYUQQDGKHSDWKWKLHGKXYXPVROODPXGL\GKXLQQXQLQHNUQ
Q¯QJDHSSRYXPLQGKDSXVWKDKDPHQQLGDPLUXQGKXYDQJLNRººDOPLGKXXQJDY¯WWHSÀOD
Q¯QJDLQGKDY¯WWOHHQJH\XPSDGXWKWKXNRºODOPDYDUNÌSSLWWXPQQSÀKDOHQLQQHQDNNX
YOH MVWKL LUXQGKDGKX QP HYºDYX SD¼DP NRGXWKWKOXP DYDQXNNX VDQGKÀVKDP
LUXNNGKXNXÄDQGKHNNXYDÄDSDÄDPNRGXWKWKDGKXPDGKXDÄDUDGKHQLUXWKWKLYLWWDGKXVOH
PDGKGLOHQDGDNUDGKXDE\DPQVOHÀUDPQDGDNND¼XPLQQXDQKDSUXNNXWKHUL\DOH
L¼¼DNNL LUXEDWKX SUXP YOH VHL\D YDQGKX LUXNUQJDº" DQGKD SXVWKDKDQJD HWWXP
XQJDºXNNXGKQ NRQGXSÀKD PDUDNNGKLQJD QºDNNL NDWW\DP HQ Y¯WWXNNX YDUXYLQJDº
LOOH\"QQQLFKFKD\DPVROODYPXGL\GKXQSUNNDOPQQNDWW\DPXQJDY¯WWXNNX
YDUXYQ LQQX VRQQLQJDº DYDU LQJH\XP WKDYDUPH ZLWKRXW IDLO YDUXYU" QP YDÄLOH
NSSL\ÀW¯\ÀVSSLGDOP"QPSÀUDYDÄLOHÀWWDOLUXNNXGK"VDULXQJDLVKWDPSÀODHGKXYÀ
HGKÀVDSSLGDOP
190
Adi’s Book.
QPL¼¼DNNLVSDWKULSÀKDQXPQDPXNNXMVWKLYOHLUXNNXGKXQ¯QJDHGKXYXPVHL\DOP
Q¯QJD SD¼DNNUDUQQÀ ÄH NSSLLOOYLWW SDUYLOOH WKD¼¼L\YDGKX NRGXQJD XQJD SH¼
HWKWKDQH\YDGKX YDKXSOH SDGLNU" HQ SH¼ DQMP YDKXSOH SDGLNU SDL\DQ RPEDGKP
YDKXSOH SDGLNUQ URWWL\YDGKX VGKDPYDGKX NRQGXYQJD HÄXGKD SQYYDGKX
SHQVLOYDGKXNRQGXYQJD
DYDUXPDSGLPÀVDPSVDNÌGGKXLGKXYXPHQJDY¯GXGKQDGKXYXPHQJDY¯GXGKQ
LQGKD PDQXVKDU \UXNNXP SLGLNNDOH HQGKD GKVDWKWKLOXP QDOODYDQJD NHWWDYDQJD
LUXNUQJDHQPÌNNXND¼¼GL\HQQNLÄHSÀWWXPDGKXXGH\DOHHQDNNXDGKXY¼PLQQX
QQ VRQQOXP DYDU DGK DQXSSLYDLWKWKU S¯VOH YOH PXGLQGKDGKXP QQ QUD Y¯WWXNNX
SÀQQ GKLQDQGKÀUXP SGDQJDºH HÄXGKD¼XP LQQXP WKLUXPED WKLUXPED DGKXQJDºH
SDGLNND¼XPLQQXPHQJDYGK\UHQJDºXNNXDGLNNDGLVROUU
SDVL YDQGK SDWKWKXP SDUDQGKX SÀKXP ROG VD\LQJ LGKXY DQGKD NDWWDGDWKWKXNNX
SÀKXPYDVDO"QQLQGKDYOHOHVHLGKXPXGLSSQQWKWKXQDOOPDÄHSHLGKDGKLQQXP
QVÌGLUXNNXGKX"EHQJDOÌUDNNXSÀKXPQUYDÄLLGKXY"Q¯QJDNÌWWDWKWKXNNXPXQGKL\À
SLQGKL\À HSSRY YDUDOP QQ DYDUH NÌSSLWWQ DYDUÀ µQQ YDUDPWWQ¶ LQQX VROODYLWWU
LQGKD NºYLNNX Q¯QJDºYDGKX EDGKLO VROODPXGL\XP" DYDU DSS FKHQQDL\LOLUXQGKX
L¼¼DNNL\ÀQºDNNL\ÀYDUXYULSSRHQDNNXURPEDGKKDPNXGLNNDHGKYDGKXNRGXQJD
QQ LQJH RUX SPEH SUWKQ \UH\YDGKX V¯NUDP NÌSSLGXQJD XQJD WKDPEL\YDGKX
D¼¼DQYDGKX HQQÀGX DQXSSXQJD QQ VDLNLOH\YDGKX EDVOH\YDGKX SÀYQ
HSGL\YDGKXSÀLDQGKDYOH\HPXGLNNDSUXQJD
DYDU QDOODYDUÀ NHWWDYDUÀ SUYD LOOH DYDUH YDUD VROOXQJD Q¯QJD HQJH\YDGKX SÀL
HGKYDGKX VHLGKX \UH\YDGKX SUWKWKX LQGKD YOH\H HSGL\YDGKX PXGLQJD QQ HQJH
SÀQOXP\UH\XPSUNNDPXGL\GKXNWKWKXDGLWKWKDGKXP PDÄHSHLGKDGKDOODGKX
PDÄH SHLGKDGKXP NWKWKX DGLWKWKDGK" DYDU SD¼DNNUDU LUXQGKXP HQQD XED\ÀKDP
SUD\ÀMDQDP DYDU \UXNNXP XGKDYL VHLUD YDÄDNNXP LOOH QQ VSSGX UXVL\
VDPHWKWKXP Q¯QJDººP Q VDUL\ VSSLGDOH LQGKD SDQQHQGX SUH\XP NÌWWLNRQGXSÀL
YOH\HUDPELQJDQQYDUDOHQOXPYDUDYLWWOXPQ¯QJDYOHVHLGKXNRQGLUXQJD
\UNÌSSLWWOXPDQGKDQLNXWWLVDQGKÀVKDPÀGLYDUXP
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191
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 51.
GREETING AND MEETING PEOPLE.
Vocabulary
R¼¼XPLOOH nothing YLVVKDP particular, special
\DUYDGKX anyone \UXPLOOH no one, nobody
avasaram urgency, hurry (n.) WKDYDUPH without fail
eppovum always, any time HSSRY¼XPQOXP anytime
NWKWKLUX wait (v.)
Conversation, Doctor’s Reception Desk..
P: Patient, R: Receptionist.
5Q¯QJDO"XººHYQJDQNNOLOHXNNUXQJD Is that you? Come in. ‘Take a seat’.
P. nandri, romba nandri. Thank you, many thanks.
5\HSGLLUXNULQJDVXKDP" How are you, are you well?
QQQDOOLUXNUQ I am well
Q¯QJDOXPVXKDP" Are you well too?
3LOOHQQVXKDPLOOHHQDNNXXGDPEXVDUL\LOOH No, I am not well.
5Q¯QJDVRZN\DPLOOH\" Are you unwell?
3PQQNRQMDPVRZN\DPLOOH Yes, I am a bit unwell.
5QLQJDHYºDYXQºVXKDPLOOH" How long are you ( have you been) sick.
3QQRUXYUDPVXKDPLOOH I have been unwell for one week.
5XQJDNXGDPEDPVXKDP" Is your family well?
XQJDY¯WOHHOOUXPVXKDP" (Is your household well?)
3PHQY¯WOHHOOUXPVXKDPGKQQDQGUL Yes, everyone in my family is well, thanks.
5Q¯QJDHQJHLUXNULQJD"XQJDY¯GXHQJH" Where do you live? Where is your house?
3\HQY¯GXNÀYLOXNNXSLQQOHLUXNNXGKX My house is behind the temple.
R. yedhu unga theru? Which is your street?
3DQGKDQ¯ODPQDWKHUXGKQHQJDWKHUX That long street is our street.
R. enna sangadhi? What news?
3YLVVKDPR¼¼LOOH Nothing special. (nothing in particular)
192
Adi’s Book.
5Q¯QJDHQQHSUWKWKXURPEDQOLOOH\" It is a long time since you saw me, is it not?
3PQQXQJDºHVDQGKLWKWKXURPEDNODPFKFKX
Yes, it is a long time since I met you.
5Q¯QJDQYDQGKLQJD" Why did you come?
3QQGRFWRUHSUNND¼XPXººHLUXNUU" I want to see the doctor. Is he in?
5LOOHDYDUYHºL\HSÀLLUXNUUSÀL¶NUU No, he has gone out.
3DYDUHSSRWKLUXPEDYDUXYU" When will he return?
5DYDUV¯NUDPWKLUXPEDYDUXYU He will return soon.
3QQDYDUXNNKDNRQMDQUDPNWKWKLUXNNDOP"
May I wait for him for a little while?
5ÀGKUODPNWKWKLUXNNDOP Oh, by all means you my wait.
-------------------------
Sentences.
1. enna sonninga? What did you say? (‘I beg your pardon’)
XQJDºHSUNNDHQDNNXVDQGKÀVKDP I am glad to see you.
QQXQJDºXNNXHQQDVHL\D¼XP" What can I do for you.
HQQDNNXQ¯QJDRUXFKLQQDXGKDYLVHL\D¼XP You can do a small favour for me.
QQDYDUVQKLGKDU I am his friend.
Q¯QJDHQQHGKD\DYXVHLGKXPDQQLSSLQJDº" Will you please forgive me?
VDULLQGKDGKDGDYHPDWWXPPDQQLNUQ Alright, I will forgive you only this time.
QUDPLUXQGKHQJDY¯WWXNNXYDUDPXGL\XP"
Can you come to our house if you have time
VDULDSGL\VHLYQ Alright, I shall do so.
Q¯QJDHYºDYXQUDPLUXNNDPXGL\XP" How long can you stay.
QQURPEDQUDPLUXNNDPXGL\GKXNRQMDQUDPGKQLUXNNDPXGL\XP
I cannot stay long. I can stay only a little while
QQHSSRYDUDOP" When may I come?
Q¯QJDQºDNNLYDUDOP You may come tomorrow.
XQJDºXNNXURPEDDYDVDUDP" Are you in a great hurry?
193
Adi’s Book.
PHQDNNXURPEDDYDVDUDP Yes, I am in a great hurry.
Q¯QJDYDUDPXGL\GK" Can you not come?
LOOHQJDHQDNNXDYDVDUDPQDYOHLUXNNXGKX No, I have urgent work.
Q¯QJDLQGKDVDQJDGKLNºYLSSDWWLQJDº" Did you hear this news?
LOOHQDQLQGKDVDQJDGKLNºYLSSDGDOH No, I did not hear this news.
QQSÀLYDUDWWXP"QQSÀLYDUDOP" May I take leave? (May I go?).
SÀLWWXYQJDYD¼DNNDP Goodbye.
QQPDUXSDGL\XPXQJDºHHSSRVDQGKLNNDOP" When can I meet you again?
Q¯QJDHQQHHSSRYXPVDQGKLNNDOP You may meet me anytime.
XQJDGKVDPHGKX" Which is your country?
HQGKVDPLQGKL\ My country is India.
DGKX\UY¯GX" Whose house is that?
DGKXHQVQKLGKDUY¯GX That is my friend’s house.
DYDUXQJDºXNNXWKHUL\XP" Do you know him?
PDYDUHHQDNNXWKHUL\XP Yes, I know him.
DQJH\UYDGKXLUXNUQJDº" Is there anyone there.
$QJH\UXPLOOH No one is there.
LYDUXQJDºXNNXWKHUL\XP" Do you know this person?
LOOHLYDUHQDNNXWKHUL\DYWKHUL\GKX No, I don’t know this person at all.
QQVROUDGKXXQJDOXNNXWKHUL\XGK" Do you understand what I say?
Q¯QJDVROUDGKXHQDNNXQDOOWKHUL\XGKX I understand well what you say.
Q¯QJDHSSRYDQGKLQJD" When did you come.
QQLSSRGKQYDQGKQ I came just now.
XQJDOHWKLUXPEDHSSRSUNNDOP" When can I see you again.
Q¯QJDHQQHHSSRYXPHSSRY¼XPQOXPSDUNNDOP
You may see me any time you like.
Q¯QJDHQQHQºDNNLNDWWD\DPSUXQJD Definitely see me tomorrow.
VDULQQXQJDºHQºDNNLWKDYDUPDSUSSQ
Alright, I will see you tomorrow without fail.
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194
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 52.
CONVERSATION ABOUT WORK.
Vocabulary
JUPDMDQDQJD villagers SD\LUWKRÄLO agriculture
JUPDWKWKU villagers YLYDV\DP agriculture
NXGL\QDYDU farmer VDPXVUL farmer
QHVDYºL weaver NDLWKRÄLO hand craft industry
YD¼¼Q dhobi QHLUDWKRÄLO weaving
JXPDVWK clerk thachchar carpenter
WKRÄLOXGK\ÀKDP profession NRWKWKXYOH masonry
Y\EUL merchant Y\EUDP trade, business
YUH other, different seruppu sandal
DGLKDP in large numbers surusuruppu activeness
uraippu diligence XUDLSSOL hard worker, diligent one
VÀPEDO laziness VÀPEUL lazy fellow
PXGLYHWWXNRºZQG have a haircut kshavara-kade barber’s shop
NVKDYDUDPVHLGKXNRºZQG have a shave kshavaram shaving (n.)
Conversation.
XQJDOXNNXHQQDYOH" What is your occupation.
QQJXPDVWKYOHVHLUQ I am a clerk.
JUPDWKOHHGKXPXN\DPQDYOH" What is the main occupation in the village?
YLYDV\DPSD\LUWKRÄLOPXN\DPQDYOH Agriculture is the main occupation.
JUDPDWKWKUYUHHQQDWKRULOVHLUQJD" What other industry do the villagers do?
JUPDMDQDQJDSLQHLUDWKRÄLOVHLUQJD The villagers do mat-weaving.
LYDUHQQDYOHVHLUU" What is his work?
XQJDSXUXVKDUXNNXHQQDYOH What is your husband’s work?
HQSXUXVKDUWKDFKFKDYOHVHLUU My husband is a carpenter.
Q¯\UY¯WOHWKÀWWDYOHVHLUH" With whom are you working as a gardener?
QQRUXGRFWRUY¯WOHWKÀWWDYOHVHLUQ I am a gardener at a doctor’s house.
195
Adi’s Book.
XQJDºXNNXYOHNUDQLUXNNDY¼XP" Do you want to be a (house) servant?
LOOHHQDNNXDQGKDYOHLVKWDPLOOH No, I don’t like that work.
Q¯QJDPGXYD¼GLNNUDU" Are you a bullock cart driver?
PQQYD¼GLNNUDUGKQ Yes I am a cart driver.
HYODYXQºYD¼GLÀWULQJD" How long have you been driving a cart.
SDWKWKXSDGKLQDQMXYDUXVKDPÀWUQ I have been driving for 10-15 years.
8QJDYD¼¼DQHSSRYDUXYQ" When will your dhobi come?
HQJDYD¼¼DQDGXWKWKDYUDPYDUXYQ Our dhobi will come next week.
LGKXHQQDNDGHNVKDYDUHNDGH\" What shop is this, a barber’s shop?
QQPXGLYHWWLNRººD¼XPDSSRQQNVKDYDUDPVHLGKXNRººD¼XP
I want to have a shave then a haircut.
1LQJDQHVDYXYOHWKHUL\XP"PDGKXUDLOHQHVDYOLQJDDGKLKDPLUXNUDQJDº"
Do you know how to weave? In Madhurai are there many weavers?
HQDNNXQHVDYXYOHWKHUL\GKXQPDGKXUDLOHDQKDQHVDYOLQJDLUXNUQJD
I don’t know how to weave, but in Madhurai there are many weavers.
DQGKDNDWWDGDWKOHDYDUHQQDYOHVHLUU What work is he doing in that building?
DYDUDQJHNRWKWKXYOHVHLUU He is working as a mason there.
DYDUWKRÄLOHQQDWKHUL\XP"DYDUVHUXSSXWKDLNUDYDU
Do you know what his work is? He is a cobbler.
HQJDSSRUXY\EULDYDUDULVLY\EUDPVHLUU
Our father is a merchant, he is doing rice business.
XQJDºXNNXYOHLOOH\"LSSRHQJHYDQGKLQJD"
Don’t you have work? What brought you here now?
HQDNNXYOHLOOHLSSRYOHWKGLYDQGKQ
I have no work. I came in search of a job.
LYDQYOHR¼¼XPVHL\DOH\" Is he not doing any work?
DYDQRUXSLFKFKHNNUDQSLFKFKHHGXNUDGKXDYDQWKRÄLO
He is a beggar. Begging is his profession.
LQGKDOSHUL\DVÀPEUL This man is a very lazy one.
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196
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 53.
CONVERSATION WITH A SERVANT.
Vocabulary
mei truth poi lie
thuppu (w.in) spit VHLGKLWKº newspaper
YLVLULSÀGX switch on (fan) visiri niruththu switch off (fan)
YLOODNNXSÀGX switch on (light) YLOODNNXD¼H switch off (light)
sarakku iru be slippery YDÄDYDÄDQQXLUX be slippery
MDJUHGKH\LUX be careful EDGKUDPLUX be careful
SUWKWKXYQJD watch out! YOH\LUX be busy
Conversation.
L¼¼DNNLVHLGKLWKºHQJH"HQDUHNNXVYLHQJH"
Where is today’s newspaper? Where’s my room key?
LGKÀLUXNNXGKXQJDVYLNÌGDNR¼GXYDUQ¶JD
Here it is sir. I am bringing the key as well sir.
NDGKDYHPÌGX¶SPÌGLYLWWH\" Close the door man. Have you closed it?
QQPXQGKL\PÌGLYLWWQ¶JD I have alredy closed it sir.
NDGKDYHWKLUD¶PQURPEDQUDPVHLUH"
Open the door ‘ma. Why do you take such a long time?
LGKÀWKLUDQGXYLWWQ¶PYOH\LUXQGKQDGKDQOHQUDPFKFKX
Look, I am opening it ‘ma. I was busy, so it took time.
EDGKUDPLUXMJUDGKH\LUX Be careful. (Take care of yourself)
QQVRQQDGKHPDUDQGKXSÀKGKHWKHULQGKDGK"
Don’t forget what I said, d’you understand?
WKHULQGKDGKXQQPDUDNNDPWWQ Understood, I won’t forget.
YLºDNNXPYLVLUL\XPSÀGX Put on the light and the fan.
YLVLULYKDPY¼XPPHGKXYY¼XP" Do you want the fan fast or slow?
YLºDNNHD¼HQJD7KDWWL\HN¯ÄHYLGXQJD Turn off the light. Pull down the thatties
WKDWWL\HSGKLYLWWSÀGKXP" If I pull the thatties half way is it enough?
197
Adi’s Book.
VDGKGKDPNÌFKFKLVHL\GKHSÀGGKH Do not make a noise.
QQVDGKGKDPVHL\DOHQQPHGKXYSVUQ
I am not making a noise, I am speaking quietly.
DSGL\QLOOXDQJHSÀKGKHQQXQQÀGXXQNLWWDSVD¼XPHQDUH\HVXGKGKDPVHL
Stand still. Do not go there. I must speak with you. Clean my room.
LGKHQ\EDWKOHYDLWKWKXNNNRºYDLFKFKXNNÀ Bear this in mind.
Q¯XQYOH\HSUDYDUHXººHYDUDVROOXDYDUHHQQHSUNNDVROOX
Mind your own business. Tell him to come in. Tell him to see me.
VDULQJDHSSRXQJDºHSUNNDVROOD¼XP"
Alright sir, when should I tell him to see you?
SRLVROOGKHQLMDPPHLSVX Do not lie, tell the truth.
LGKXSRLLOOHQLMDPGKQPHLGKQ This is not a lie, it is indeed the truth.
DQJHWKXSSGKHJDGLKUDWKWKXNNXVDYLNRGXHQDNNXNDVKWDPNRGXNNGKH
Don’t spit there. Wind up the clock. Don’t give me trouble.`
HQQHWKRQGDUDYXVHL\GKHYDÄDNNDPSÀODYVDUL\QDQUDWKOHY
Do not worry me. Come as usual. Come on time.
QUDPSRUXWKWKXNDÄLWKWKXYDUGKHSLQGKLYDUGKH Do not come late.
HQQDVRQQH"QQR¼¼XPVROODOHQ¯HQGKDSDNNDPSÀUH"
What did you say? I did not say anything. Which way are you going?
HQDNNXHOOPR¼¼XGKQHQQDNWWH" It is all the same to me. What did you ask?
DGKHHGXLGKHOOPHGXWKWKXYLGXLQGKDFK¯WWHDYDULGDPNRQGXSÀ
Take that. (Pick it up) (Pass it on). Take all these away. Take this chit to him.
VDULQJDLGKXNNXEDGKLOY¼XP" Alright sir, do you want a reply for this?
QQQUDSRUQLQGKDSDNNDPSÀDQGKDSDNNDPSÀKGKHLQJHURPEDDÄXNNµNGKX
I am going straight. go this way, don’t go that way. It is very dirty here.
DQJHGKÌVGKÌVX\LUXNNXGKXGKÌVL\HQDOOWKXGHQJDDQGKDNXSSH\H\HGX
It is dusty there. Wipe the dust well. Take away that rubbish.
NOVDUXNNXPSUWKWKXYQJD ‘Your feet will slip, watch out!’
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198
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 54.
CONVERSATION REGARDING TIME.
QUDPFKFKX it is time LQQXPQUDPKDOH it is not yet time
DGKLNODLOH early in the morning NWKWKXYQJDSÀ go for a walk
VGKUDQDP usually, ordinarily vidumure holiday, leave
SDÄDNNDP custom YDÄDNNDP habit
Conversation.
,SSRPD¼LHQQD"LSSRVDUL\DHWWXPD¼LXQJDºXNNXNDLJDGLKUDPLUXNNXGK
What is the time now? Now it is exactly 8 o’clock. Do you have a watch?
PHQDNNXRUXQDOONDLJDGLKUDPLUXNNXGKXLSSRGKQSDWKWKXPD¼LDGLWKWKDGKX
Yes, I have a good watch. It has just struck ten!
XQJDJDGLKUDWKOHHQQDPD¼LHQJDGLKUDWKOHUH¼GPXNNOPD¼L
What is the time by your watch? It is 2.45 by my watch.
DGKXQSDWKWKXDGLWKWKDGKX"HQDNNXWKHUL\GKXQºDNNLNDODPHHWWXPD¼LNNXYQJD
Why did it strike ten? I don’t know. Come tomorrow morning at 8 o’clock.
Q¯QJDL¼¼DNNLVLQJODPDQMXPDQLNNXYDUDPXGL\XP"QOXVDPÀVNRQGXYQJD
Can you come at 5 o’clock this evening? Bring four samosas.
LOOHYDUDPXGL\DGKXQQºDNNLYDUDPXGL\XPQOXLGOLQJDNRQGXYDUD¼XP"
No, I cannot come, but I can come tomorrow. Shall I bring four idlis?
PÌQXDGLWKWKXSDWKWKXQLPLVKDPFKFKXXQJDºXNNXRUXSXWKXJDGLKUDPY¼XP
It is ten past three. You need a new watch.
XQJDJDGLKUDPVDUL\SÀKXGK" Is your watch correct? ( does it keep good time?)
HQJDGLKUDPDQMXQLPLVKDPPXQGKLV¯NUDPSÀKXGKXDGKXQWKWKXXGHQGKDGKX
My watch is five minutes fast. It broke yesterday.
DYDUJDGLKUDPHWWXQLPLVKDPSLQGKLPHGKXYSÀKXGKXDGKXNNXND¼¼GLLOOH
His watch is eight minutes slow. That has no glass.
LSSRUXSDWKWKXFKFKXLOOHHWWXDGLNNDLUXEDGKXQLPLVKDPLUXNNXGKX
It is six ten. (Ten past six). No, it is twenty to eight.
Q¯QJDHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXYDULQJD" What time are you coming?
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Adi’s Book.
QDQSDGKLQRUXPD¼LNNXYDUDOP" Can I come at ten o’clock?
LQQXPQUDPKDOH\"LOOHLQQXPQUDPKDOH
Is it time yet? No, it is not yet time.
DL\ÀQUDPLSÀFKFKXQQXGDQHSÀKD¼XP Oh dear, it is time, I must go at once.
Q¯QJDQURPEDSLQGKLYDQGKLQJD" Why were you very late.
HQQHPDQQLFKFKXNÀQJDHQDNNXYDÄLOHNRQMDPYOHLUXQGKDGKX
Forgive me , I had some work on the way.
LQJH\UPXQGKLYDQGKQJD"YDQGKDGKX" Who came here early?
QQGKQLQJHPXQGKLYDQGKQ I was the one who came here early.
L¼¼DNNLHQQDNLÄDPHWKLQJDNLÄDPH\ What is today, is it Monday.
PQDºDNNLVHYYNLÄDPHQºD¼¼DNNLEXGKDQNLÄDPHLUXNNXP
Yes, tomorrow is Tuesday, the day after tomorrow will be Wednesday.
DSSRQWKWKXQLWKWKXNNLÄDPHLUXQGKDGKXLOOH\"
So yesterday was Sunday, wasn’t it?
PDSGLGKDQLUXNNXNXPYUDPGKÀUXPPXQGKQºVDQLNNLÄDPHLUXQGKDGKX
Yes, it’s like that every week. The day before yesterday was Saturday.
Q¯QJDPDGKXUDLNNXQºDNNLSÀYLQJDº" Will you go to Madhurai tomorrow?
LOOHQDQDQJHDGXWKWKDYUDPSÀYQ No, I will go there next week.
NODLOHHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXYHºL\HSÀYLQJD" When will you go out in the morning?
QQDGKLNDODLOHYHºL\HSÀUQ I am going out early in the morning.
QOD¼¼DNNLQQHSSRYDUD¼XP" When shall I come the day after tomorrow?
Q¯QJDPDGK\QDPSD¼¼HQGXPD¼LNNXWKDYDUPHYQJD
Come at 12 o’clock without fail.
SD¼¼HQGXPD¼LNNXHQDNNXQUDPLOOH I have no time at noon.
Q¯QJDYDÄDNNDPDUWKULOHHWKWKDQHPD¼LNNXVSSLGDYLQJD"
At what time do you usually eat at night?
QQGKLQDQGKÀUXPVGKUD¼DPDHWWXPD¼LNNXVSSLGDYQ
I usually eat at eight o’clock daily.
SDKDOQUDWKOHSDKDOOHWKÌQJXYLQJDº Do you sleep during the day time?
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Adi’s Book.
LOOHHQDNNXSDKDOOHWKÌQJDUDSDÄDNNDPLOOH
No, I am not in the habit of sleeping in the day-time.
Q¯QJDLQJHHYODYXHWKWKDQHQºLUXNULQJD" How long have you been here?
QQSDODYDUXVKDPLQJHLUXNUQ I have been here for several years.
GKD\DYXVHLGKXHQDNNXUH¼GXYUDPYLGXPXUHNRGXQJD
Please give me leave for two weeks.
LSSRYOHDGLKDPLUXNNXGKXDGKDQOHRUXYUDPGKQYLGXPXUHNRGXNNDPXGL\XP
There is a lot of work now, so only one week’s leave can be given.
DGXWKWKDYUDP\UYDUQJD" Who is coming next week.
DGXWKWKDYUDP\UXPYDUDOH Nobody is coming next week.
SÀQDYUDPHQJHSÀLLUXQGKLQJD" Where had you been last week?
QQSÀQDYUDPPDPEDLNNXSÀLLUXQGKQ I had been to Mumbai last week.
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201
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 55.
CONVERSATION ABOUT WEATHER.
Vocabulary
YDVDQWKDNODP spring NXºLUNDODP winter
idi thunder (n.) idi-idikkudhu (s.thth) thunder (v.)
minal lightning (n.) minnudhu(w.in) be lightning flash
SXÄXNNDPLUX be sultry NXºLUFKFKL\LUX be cool
paruva nile weather NXºLULUX be cold
Conversation.
L¼¼DNNLSDUXYDQLOHHSGLLUXNNXGKX" How is the weather today?
L¼¼DNNLSDUXYDQLOHURPEDQDOODLUXNNXGKX Today the weather is very good.
NRQMDQUDWKOHPDÄHSHL\XP" Will it rain in a short while?
PPDÄHSHL\XPSÀODLUXNNXGKX Yes, it seems like it will rain.
L¼QDNNLURPEDYH\\LOLOOH\" It is very hot today, is it not?
PL¼QDNNLURPEDVÌGLUXNNXGKX Yes, it is very hot today.
NODPHHSGLLUXQGKDGKX" How was it in the morning?
NOHOHURPEDNXºLULUXQGKDGKX It was very cold in the morning.
QWKWKXUWKULNXºLUFKFKL\LUXQGKDGK" Was it cool last night?
LOOHQWKWKXUWKULSXÄXNNDPLUXQGKDGKX No, yesterday night was sultry.
XQJDXUOHQDOODPDÄHSHLGKDGK" Have you had heavy rain in your town?
MVWKLPDÄHLOOHOVDSHLGKDGKX Not much rain, it rained lightly.
13. veyyil epdi irukkudhu? How is the heat? (sun)
YH\\LOMVWKLDGLNNDGKX The sun (It) is very hot.
QWKWKXNWKWKXDGLWKDGKX Yesterday it was windy.
16. adhu enna velichcham? adhu enna sadhdham? What is that light? What’s that noise?
DQGKDYHºLFKFKDPPLQQDOLUXNNXP That light is lightning.
18. andha sadhdham idi. idi idikkudhu. That noise is thunder. It is thundering.
XQJDºXNNXNXºLUNODPYDVDQWKDNODPLVKWDP" Do you like winter or spring?
YDVDQWKDNODWKOHWKÀWWDPDÄDKLUXNNXP In the spring the plants are beautiful.
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202
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 56.
CONVERSATION WITH A TAILOR.
Vocabulary
chatte, chokka shirt PGKLULWKX¼L pattern
uduppu dress (n.) (clothing) thrupti satisfaction
WKDºDUWKWKL\LUX be loose thaiyal tailoring
XUXNNXPLUX be tight NÌOL charge (n.)
pidi be tight thiruppi kodu return (v.)(tr.)
Conversation.
GKD\DYXVHLGKXRUXWKDL\DONUDUHNÌWWLNRQGXYDULQJDº" Will you please bring a tailor?
VDULQJDNÌWWLNRQGXYUQ Yes sir, I will bring one.
LYDUXNNXRUXFKDWWHY¼XPWKDLNNDPXGL\XP" He needs a shirt, can you stitch it?
PXGL\X¶QJDWKDLWKWKXWKDUQ I can, I will stitch it and give it.
FKRNNDLNNXHYºDYXWKX¼LY¼ÌP" How much material is needed for a shirt?
RUXFKRNNDLNNXUH¼GDUHP¯WDUWKXQL For a shirt 2½ metres of cloth.
HQDºDYXHGXNULQJDº" Will you take my measurements?
PNRQM¶RUXQLPLVKDP Yes, just a minute.
SQWVNÌGDWKDLNNDQXPSQWVXNNXHYODYDWKXQL"
Pants are also to be made. How much cloth for pants?
RUXYLQGLLUXQJDDºDYXHGXWKWKXSUNUQ Just a second, I will measure and see.
LQGKDWKX¼L\LOLUXQGKXUH¼GDUHP¯WDUHGXWKWKXNÀ¶QJDENNLWKLUXSSLNRGXQJD
Take 2½ metres from this cloth. Give back the remainder.
VDULQJDVHLUQPGKLULWKX¼LLUXNNXGK Okay, will do. Is there a pattern?
XQJDFKWWHPÌQXQººHWKD\ULUXNNXP Your shirt will be ready in three days.
RUXFKDWWHNNXWKDL\DONÌOLHYºDYX" How much do you charge for a shirt?
RUXFKDWWHNNXWKRQQÌUXUÌEYDQJUQ I charge Rs 90 per shirt.
8QJDNÌOLMVWKLNRQMDPNDPPLSD¼¼XQJD Your charges are high, reduce it a bit.
HQNXOLURPEDLOOHQXQJDOXNNKDDQMXUÌENDPPLSD¼UQ
My charges are not too much, but I will reduce it Rs 5 for you.
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Adi’s Book.
DºDYHOOPVDUL\LUXNND¼XPWKHULQGKDGK Everything should fit well, understand?
ED\DSSDGGKLQJDDL\XQJDºXNNXWKUXSWL\WKDLWKWKXNRGXNUQ
Never fear sir. I will make it to your satisfaction.
HQJDXGXSSXWKD\ULYLWWDGK" Is our clothing ready?
PQJDXQJDXGXSSXWKD\ULYLWWDGKXLSSRQLQJDSÀWWXSUNNDOP
Yes sir, your clothes are ready. Now you can try them on and see.
HSGLLUXNNXGKX"DºDYXHOOPVDUL\LUXNNXGK" How is it? Does it fit well.
WKÀºNLWWDYXPDNNXºNLWWDYXPNRQMDPSLGLNNXGKX
It is a bit tight near the shoulder and the armpit.
RUXFKÀºLWKDLNND¼XPQDWKHUH¼GXSDNNDPXPNRQMDWKDºDUWKWKL\LUXNND¼XP
A choli is to be stitched, but it should be a little loose on both sides.
LGKDºDYXLUXNND¼XPL¼¼DNNLWKX¼LNRGLWKWKH¼¼DNNLWKDLWKWKXNRGXNULQJD"
It should be this size. If I give the cloth today, when will you stitch and give it?
QºD¼¼DNNLNDWW\DPWKDLWKWKXNRGXSSQ
I will make it and give it the day after tomorrow.
Q¯QJDVRQQDQºQLFKFKD\DPNRGXNND¼XP You must give it on the promised day.
WKDYDUPHNRGXSSQ¶JD I shall give it without fail ma’am.
Q¯QJDQDOOWKDLNULQJDHQDNNXURPEDWKUXSWL
You tailor well. I am very satisfied.
URPEDQDQGULQJDXQJDWKUXSWLGKQHQVDQGKÀVKDP
Thank you very much, your satisfaction is my happiness.
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204
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 57.
CONVERSATION WITH A CLOTH MERCHANT.
Vocabulary
puduve, sele saree pattu silk
PDWWDPQD inferior. QÌO cotton
NÀGXSÀWWD striped NDWWDPSÀWWD chequered
NDPEDºLWKXQL woollen cloth tharchchamayam at present
Conversation.
XQJDºXNNXVOHQJDSXGDYHQJDLUXNNXGK" Do you have sarees?
LUXNNXGKXHQQDYLGKDPQDVOHY¼XP" Yes, what kind of sarees do you want?
SDWWXSXGDYHY¼XPQÌOSXGDYHY¼XP" Do you want silk or cotton sarees?
VLODUDQLSXGDYHQJDNWWXQJDNQMLSÌUDPSDWWXVOHQJDXQJDºLGDPLOOH\"
Show me some Arni sarees. Don’t you have Kanchipuram silk sarees?
LUXQGKDGKXQLSÀFKFKXWKLUXPEDRUXYUDWKOHYDUXP
We had, but they are all sold out. They will come in again in a week.
UXP¯WDUOHVLODQDOOQÌOVHOHQJDNWWXQJD Show me some good six metre sarees.
LGKXQJDHQGKDÌUQÌOSDGDYHQJD" From which place do these cotton sarees come?
LGKXQJDPDGXUDL\XPNÀLPEDWÌUXPVOHQJD
These are Madurai and Coimbatore sarees
LQGKDSXGDYHNNXV\DPSÀLYLGXP" Will the colour of this saree fade?
LOOHQJDV\DPSÀKDYSÀKGKX No, the colour will never ever fade.
LQGKDSXGDYHNNXJHWWLV\DP This saree has fast colour.
Q¯QJDV\DWKWKHSDWKWKLQLFKFKD\DPVROODPXGL\XP"
Can you say for certain about the colour?
QQJDURPEDQLFKFKD\DPVROODPXGL\XP We can certainly guarantee it.
LQGKDVOHNNXV\DPJHWWLLOOH¶PDNRQMDQººHV\DPSRLYLGXP
The colour of this saree is not fast. It will fade after a few days.
YLOHX\DUQGKDMVWKLYLOHOHQDOODFKRNNWKX¼LNWWXQJD
Show me the more expensive ( superior quality) shirting cloth.
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Adi’s Book.
LGKÀFKRNNWKX¼LSUXQJD Here is the shirting cloth, have a look.
LGKHYLGDPHOLVXWKX¼LLOOH\" Don’t you have finer material than this?
LOOHQJDLGKHYLGDPHOLVXWKX¼LHQJDOLGDPLOOH
No madam, we don’t have finer material than this.
LQGKDWKX¼LPRGKGKLUXNNXGKXHQDNNXPDWWDPQDWKX¼LY¼P
This is coarse material. I don’t want inferior cloth.
VDULQJDPPDXQJDLVKWDPQLWKXPDWWDWKX¼LLOOH
Alright madam, as you wish, but this is not coarse material.
NÀGDSÀWWDFKRNNWKX¼LLUXNNXGK" Do you have striped shirting?
LUXNNXGKXQJDHQJDºLGDPNDWWDPSÀWWDWKX¼LNÌGDLUXNNXGKX
We have, we have chequered shirting too.
ODLWNDODUGKQHQDNNXSLGLNNXPJKGL\Y¼P
I only like light colours, I don’t want dark.
LGKXURPEDDUXPH\QDWKX¼LURPEDNODWKWKXNNXQDOOXÄDLNNXP
This is very excellent material. It will serve well for a long time.
QDOODNDPEDºLWKX¼LLUXNNXGK" Do you have any nice woollen material?
LOOHQJDPPDWKDUFKFKDPH\DPLOOHUHQGRUXYUDWKOHYDUXP
No madam, not at present, it will come in a week or two.
SUYDLOOHQQDGXWKWKDYUDPYDUQ Never mind, I shall come next week.
VDULQJDPPDDSGL\VHLQJDYD¼DNNDP
Alright madam, please do come, goodbye.
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206
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 58.
CONVERSATION WITH A FRUIT MERCHANT.
Vocabulary
PPEDÄDP mango GUNVKHSDÄDP grapes
SDSSOLSDÄDP pappaya DSSLOSDÄDP apple
DQVLSDÄDP pineapple YÄDSDÄDP banana, plantain
JR\\SDÄDP guava SDOSDÄDP jack friut
N\ unripe SDÄXWKWKSDÄDP ripe
YLOHPDOLY cheap price YLOHMVWKL expensive
DÄXKLSÀ decay YUHQQD what other
HOXPDFKDPEDÄDP lime SDÄDP fruit
UDQMX orange (tangerine) VWKWKXNNRGL sweet lime, (orange)
1RWHð DORFDOO\DQµRUDQJH¶UDQMXis also known by some as a ‘loose jacket’.
This is what would be known in U.K. as a ‘tangerine’.
EORFDOO\DµVZHHWOLPH¶VWKXNNRGLOLWµVKXWFRDW¶ZKLFKLVFRORXUHGLQ
various mixtures of green and orange, would be known in U.K. as an ‘orange’.
FDOLPHHOXPDFKDPEDÄDPVHHPVWREHDOLPHHYHU\ZKHUHIRUWXQDWHO\
Conversation.
HQQD¶SXQNDGHOHYDÄDSDÄDPLUXNNXGK" Sir, do you have bananas (plantains)
LUXNNXGKXQJDHQQDYDÄDSDÄDPY¼XP" I have, what bananas do you want?
SDFKFKHYDÄDSDÄDPY¼XPGD]DQHQQDYLOH"
I want green bananas. How much are they a dozen.
RUXGD]DQSDWKWKXUÌEXQJDºXNNXHYODYXY¼XP"
Ten Rupees a dozen. How many do you want?
SDÄDQJDFKLQQDGKLUXNNXGKXQYLOHMVWKL\LUXNNXGKX
The fruits are small, but the price is high.
DGKXMVWKLYLOHLOOHQJDHQJH\XPRUYLOHGKQ
The price is not high, everywhere’s the same price.
UH¼GXGD]DQSDGKLQHWWXNNXYQJDOP" Can I have two dozen for Rs 18 ?
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Adi’s Book.
LQGKDSDÄDQJDºHV¯NUDPVSSLGD¼XP We should eat this fruit quickly.
\QDSGLVROULQJD" Why do you say that?
QLQQDGKXQJDQºD¼¼DNNLLUXQGKDÄXKLSÀLGXP
Because by the day after tomorrow they will go bad. (decay).
XQJDºLGDPYUHQQDSDÄDPLUXNNXGKX" What other fruit do you have?
UDQMXVWKWKXNRGLGKUNVKHDQVLPDPEDUDPJR\\DSSLOHOOPLUXNNXGKX
Oranges, sweet limes, grapes, pineapples, mangoes, guavas, apples, everything!
NDUXSSXGKUNVKHN¯ORHQQDYLOH" How much a kilo of black grapes?
RUXN¯ORQSDWKWKXUÌELUXNNXPQXQJDºXNNXGKQPXSSDWKWKDQMXNNXNRGXNUQ
One kilo is Rs 40, but to you only, I will give them for Rs 35.
PDOJÀYPPEDÄDPRUXGD]DQYQXPHSGLNRGXNUH"
I want a dozen Malgova mangoes, how do you sell them?
QPPXNNXLQGKDQODQJDPDOJÀYPPEDUDPYDUDOHYLOHURPEDMDVWKLLUXNNXP
We are not getting Malgovas these days, the price is too high.
DGKX\QDSGLLUXNNXGKXHQQDFKFKX" Why is that? What has happened.
LSSRDWKXHOOPJXOSXNNXSRKDGKXPDPEDL\LOUXQÌUXUXEGD]DQLUXNNXP
Now they are all going to the Gulf. In Mumbai the price is Rs 600 per dozen!
SDOSDÄDPXQJDºXNNXSLGLNNGK" Don’t you like jack fruit?
SDOSDÄDPQQJDVSSLGDYDGKXLOOH We don’t eat jack fruit.
DYºDYXGKQHOOSDÄDPXPLQGKDNÌGHOHSÀWWXNDWWLWKDUDPXGL\XP"
That’s all, can you put all the fruit in this basket and tie them up?
DSGL\VHLUQHQQLGDPURPEDQDOOSDSSºLSDÄDQJDLUXNNXGKXQJDY¼XP"
I will do that. I have very good papayas, do you want some?
LQGKDSDSSOLURPEDSDÄXWKWKXYLWWDGKXLGKXY¼P
This papaya is overripe, I don’t want this one.
LGKÀLGKXMVWKLSDÄXNNGKDSDÄDP,GKXNRQMDPN\XUXNNXGKX
Here you are, this is not overripe, this a bit unripe (green).
VDULSDÄXWKWKXYLWWDGKXSDÄDPRUXQºXNN¶XººHDÄXKLSÀLGXP
Okay. Overripe fruit will go bad (rotten ) within one day.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 59.
CONVERSATION WITH A GARDENER.
Vocabulary
YQGKDGKD unwanted NXSSHN̺DQJD weeds, rubbish
PXº thorn YOL fence
pasumpul thare lawn, grassy area PXºYOL thorn hedge
vidhe seed vidhe (s.thth) sow, seed (v.)
YGLSSÀZLQ wither samappaduththu level (v.)
Conversation.
YOQWKWKXVHGLQJDºXNNXWKD¼¼LÌWKWKHQH\"
Vela, did you water the plants yesterday?
LOOHQJDQLQQQWKWKXPDUHSHLGKDGKX No sir, because it rained yesterday.
LQGKDVHGLNNXMVWKLWKD¼¼LÌWKWKGKH Don’t water this plant too much.
VDULQJDLWKXNNXMVWKLÌWKWKDPWWQ Alright sir, I won’t water it too much.
WKÀWWDWKOHY¼GGKDNXSSHN̺HQJDLUXNNXGKXPXGKDOOHDGKHHGXNNDOP"
There are unwanted weeds in the garden. May I clear them first.
PPXGKDOOHDGKHOOPHGXWKWKXSRGXDSUDPVXGKGKDPVHL
Yes, clear them first, then clean up.
LQGKDVHGLQYGLSÀQDGKX"YGLSÀFKFKX" Why has this plant withered away?
QLQQLGKXNNXSÀGKXPQDHUXLOOH Because not enough manure has been put on
QDOOHUXSÀWWVHGLQDOODYDºDUXP Properly manured the plant will grow well.
SDSSOLPDUDWKWKXNNXNLÄHYLGKHYLGKHNNGKH Do not sow under the papaya tree.
LOOHQJDQQDQJHYLGKHNNDPWWQ No sir, I will not sow seeds there.
GXPGXYDUPHSUWKWKXNNÀ See that the cattle do not come here.
YOLSÀWWGXPGXQJDYDUGKXQJD If we put a fence cattle will not come.
WKÀWWDWKWKHVXWKWKLPXºYOLSÀGD¼XP" Should we hedge the garden with thorn?
PDSGLGKQVHL\D¼XPDSSRGKQGXPWWXQJDXººHYDUDPXGL\GKX
Yes, that’s it, then the cattle can’t get inside.
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Adi’s Book.
LQJHUXQGKXUH¼GXSDNNDPXPNDOQDWWXQDGDNNDYDÄLVHL
Make a path from here by fixing stones on both sides.
LQJHURPEDVULUXNNXGKXVLODPD¼DOLQJHNR¼GXYDQGKXSÀGX
It is very muddy here, bring some gravel and throw it here.
YÄDPDUDPHQGKDLGDWKOHQDGD¼XP" Where should we plant the banana tree?
SÌVHGLNNXNLWWDYDÄDPDUDPQDGXQJD Plant the banana tree near the flowers.
LQGKDLGDWKOHPD¼SÀWWXQLODWKWKHVDPDSSDGDWKWKX
Put earth (dry mud) here and level up the ground.
DQJHSDVXPSXOWKDUHWKD\UVHL\D¼XP Prepare the ground there for a lawn.
LGKX\UGX"QDPWKÀWWDWKWKXVHGLQJDºHWKLQQDGKX
Whose goat is this? It eats our garden plants.
DQGKDWWHNDWWLSÀGDVROOX Tell them to keep the goat tied.
\WKDPELLQLPOHLQJHYDQGKXSXSULNNDNÌGGKX
You, youngster, from now on don’t come here to pluck flowers.
VDULQJDHQQHPDQQLFKFKXNNÀQJDDGKHWKLUXPEDVHL\DPWWQ
Alright sir, please forgive me, I won’t do it again.
LQGKDWKÀWWDWKOHMVWKLYOHLOOHXQDNNXHYºDYXVDPEDºDPY¼XP"
There is not much work in this garden. How much salary do you want?
DL\PVDPDLQÌUXUÌENRGXWKWKYOHVHLYQ
Sir, if you pay me five hundred Rupees a month I will work.
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Adi’s Book.
LESSON 60.
CONVERSATION WITH A DHOBI.
Vocabulary
vilasam address PXQSD¼DP advance
DGKXNNXWKDKXQGKSÀOD accordingly RÄXQJ regularly
salave wash (n.) salave sei (w.dh) wash
RWKWKXNRºZQGK agree tholai (s.thth) lose (v.)
Conversation.
Q¯\UY¯WOHWKX¼LQJDYHºXNUH"VDODYHVHLUH Whose clothes do you wash?
XQJDVQKLGKDUY¯WOHDÄXNNXHGXNUQ I am taking washing for your friend.
PVDWKOHHWKWKDQHVDODYHNRQGXYDUDYH" In a month how many washes do you do?
PVDWKOHQOXVDODYHNRQGXYDUDYQ In a month I will give four washes.
VDULQÌUXWKX¼LNNXHYODYXNNUH" Okay, how much do you ask for 100 clothes?
QÌWKWKXNNXPÌQÌUXUÌEYQJUQ I charge Rs 300 per 100 pieces.
VDUL¶SDDGXWKWKDYUDWKWKLOLUXQGKXYDUDOP Alright, you can come from next week.
VDULQJDDGXWKWKDYUDPNDWW\DPYUQ Yes, I will definitely come next week.
HQJDYLWWXYLOVDPXQDNNXWKHUL\XP" Do you know our house address?
WKHUL\XPDGKHPXQGKL\WKHUL\XP I know, I knew it before.
QQXQDNNXRUXYLVKD\DPVROOD¼XP I must tell you one thing.
Q¯HQJDºLGDPPXQSD¼DPNNNDNÌGGKX You should not ask advance from us.
LQQR¼¼XHQJDºXNNXPVDPGKÀUXPRUXQJQOXVDODYHY¼XP
Another thing, we want the wash regularly four times a month.
LGKHURPEDYLOHX\DUQGKDWKXQLMJUHGK\VDODYHVHL\D¼XPDSGLVHLYH\"
This is very high cost material. you should wash it carefully. Will you do so?
VDULQJDDGKHMJUHGK\VDODYHVHLYQ Yes madam, I will wash it carefully.
DQGKDWKX¼LNNXNDQMLSÀGGKH Don’t put starch in that cloth.
LOOHQJDDGKXNNXNDQMLSÀGDPWWQ No madam, I will not put starch in it.
WKXQLQJDºHNDOPOHEDODPDGLNNDNÌGGKX
Don’t beat the clothes hard on the stone
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Adi’s Book.
XGXSSHOOPURPEDEDGKUDPVDODYHVHL\D¼XP
You should wash the clothing very carefully.
WKXQLQJDNLÄL\PHSUWKWKKXNROOD¼XP See that the clothes are not torn.
WKX¼LQJDWKRODLNNDNÌGGKX You should not lose the clothes.
,QGKDWKX¼LOHDÄDNXVDUL\SÀKDOHDGKXVDUL\VXGKGKDPLOOH
The dirt has not gone from this clothing. That is not cleaned properly.
VDODYHWKUXSWL\LOOYLWWDGKXNNXWKDKXQGKSÀODSD¼DPNRGXSSQ
If the wash is not satisfactory, I will pay you accordingly.
DSGL\VHLQJDPPQQQQDOOVDODYHVHLYQ
Please do, but I will do the wash properly.
LGKHOOPRWKWKXNNRQGQ¯DGXWKWKDYUDPYDUDOPHQQDVROUH"
If you agree to all this you may come next week. What do you say?
VDULQJDPPHOOPXQJDLVKWDSSDGL\VHLYQ
Alright madam, I will do everything just as you wish.
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212
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 61.
CONVERSATION ABOUT FOOD.
Vocabulary
NDGDODNNL peanut, groundnut NDWKWKDULNNL brinjal
WKDNNOL tomato SÌVD¼LNNL pumpkin
NXUP meat curry N¯UDNNL cucumber
NXÄDPEX vegetable curry WKQJL coconut
poriyal fried veg or meat NRGKLWKWKDWKD¼¼L boiled water
rasam pepper water NRGKLNNDYDLWKWKDWKD¼¼L boiled water
masiyal mashed veg, cereal veththale betel leaf
NDLPYDGDL cutlet SNNX betel nut
VDLYDVSSGX vegetarian food YDUXWKWKDP¯Q fried fish
NUDP hot (pepper, spices) PLOLWDULVSSGX non-veg food
WK\LU curds VÌG hot, (temp)
paruppu dhal PÀU buttermilk
DºDYÀGX measure MÀU excellent
QDPDWKXSÀ become soft GKLWWDP proper
ULSSÀ become cold vikkal hiccups
PRUDPRUD¼¼X crisp kuchchappadu be shy, bashful
XUXºDLNNLÄDQJX potato NÌWWX curry
Conversation.
Y¯WOHVDPD\DOXNNXYQGL\DHOOVPQXPLUXNNXGK"
Do you have in the house all the things needed for cooking?
PQJDPPHOOPVPQXPLUXNNXGKX Yes yes madam, we have everything.
L¼¼DNNLHQQDVDPD\DOVHLGKLQJD" What did you cook today?
L¼¼DNNLNDWKWKDULNNLVPEUXUXºDLNNLÄDQJXSRUL\DO
Today, brinjal curry and fried potatoes.
N¯UDNNDLSDFKFKDGLQVHL\DOH" Why didn’t you make cucumber pachadi?
213
Adi’s Book.
L¼¼DNLQUDPLOOHPPQºDNNLNDWW\DPVHLUQ
There wasn’t time today maam, I will certainly make it tomorrow.
QLSSRNDGDODNNLFKDWQLVHLGKLUXNUQ But I have made peanut chutney.
PLºDKXUDVDPNÌGDLUXNNXGK" Do we have pepper water also?
LOOHQJDL¼¼DNNLWKDNNºLUDVDPGKQLUXNNXGKX
No maam, we have only tomato rasam today.
FKDSSWKWKL\XPSDUXSSXPDVL\DOXPURPEDMÀULUXNNXGKX
The chappatties and dhal curry are excellent.
VDQGKÀVKDPXQJDLQQXPFKDSSWKWKLY¼XP"
I am glad maam, do you want more chappatties?
LOOHHQDNNXWKD\LUGKQURPEDSLGLNNXPPÀUY¼P
I very much like curds, I don’t want buttermilk.
VLODSRULWKWKDDSSDºDPNRQGXY Bring some fried appalums.
DSSDºDPQQDPDWKWKXSÀFKFKXPRUDPRUD¼¼XLUXNNDY¼P"
Why have the appalams become soft, shoudn’t they be crisp?
HQJDºXNNXHSSRYXPNRGKLNNDYDLWKWKDWKD¼¼LGKQNRGXNND¼XP
You should only give us boiled water.
,QQXPNRQMDPVGKDPY¼XPV¯NUDPNRQGXYQJD
I want some more rice, bring it quickly.
LGKXULSÀFKFKXVÌGLUXNND¼XP This is cold, it should be hot.
UDVDPURPEDNUDPLUXNNXGKX The pepper water is very hot.
VDULQJDPPDQºDLOLUXQGKXNUDPGKLWWDPSÀGUHQ
Alright ‘ma, from tomorrow I will put the proper ‘karam’.
NXÄDPEXHSGLLUXNNXGKX" How is the curry?
NXÄDPEXNRQMDPSXºLSSLUXNNXGKX The curry is a bit sour.
Y¯WOHSÀGKXPQDURWWLLUXNNXGK" Do you have enough bread here?
LOOHQJDURWWLLSÀFKFKXQºDNNLYQJD¼XP
No, the bread is finished, we must buy some tomorrow.
214
Adi’s Book.
YQJDYQJDXNNDUXQJDVSSLWWLQJDº Come in , sit down, have you eaten?
NXÄDQGKHNNXRUXNRSSHSONRGX Give a cup of milk to the child.
XQJDºXNNXHQQDY¼XPÀNWWXVSSLGXQJD
Whatever you want to eat just ask.
QPY¯WOHQ¯QJDNÌFKFKDSSDGDNÌGGKX Don’t feel shy in our house.
HQDNNXNÌFKFKDPLOOHHQDNNXY¼GL\DGKXVSSLGUQ
I don’t feel shy, I will eat whatever I want.
8QJDºXNNXPLOLWDULVSSGXYVDLYDVSSGXYYQXP"
Do you want non-veg. or vegetarian food?
HQDNNXUH¼GXPSLGLNNXPLQGKDYDUXWKWKDP¯QURPEDUXVL\LUXNNXGKX
I like both. This fried fish is very tasty.
LGKXWWXNULNDLPYDGH\" Are these mutton cutlets?
L¼¼DNLNÀÄLNDULNXUPNÌGDNLGDLNNXP Today you will get chicken kurma also.
NDULVÌSSXNRQMDPXSSLUXNNXGKX The meat soup is rather salty.
VSSGXNUDPLUXQGKHQDNNXYLNNDOYDUXP
If the food is spicy hot, I will get hiccups.
DGKXSDUXSSXWKQJDWKXYDL\DOLGKXSÌVD¼LNNLSDUXSSXNÌWWX
That is dhal coconut chutney, this is pumpkin dhal curry.
SDSSOLSDÄDPWKXQGXWKXQGDUXWKWKXLQJHNRQGXYQJD
Cut the papaya into pieces and bring them here.
WKDPLÄQWOHVLODMDQQDQJDVSSWWXNNXDSUDPYHWKDOHSNNXSÀWWXNRºYQJDY¼XP"
In Tamil Nadu some people take betel nut and leaf after meals, want some?
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215
Adi’s Book.
LESSON 62.
CONVERSATION AT A RAILWAY STATION.
Vocabulary
Q¯UYLSDKDGX steam boat pahadu boat, (rowing)
K\DYLPQDP aeroplane kappal ship
VPQSHWWLSDGXNH luggage thangu stay, halt
HGHSÀGXPLGDP luggage office thangumidam waiting room
HGHSUNNXPLGDP luggage office HGHSÀGXHGHSU weigh
VDV¯GX receipt sellum validity
anumadhi permission WKDOOLNÀ move up
anumadhi (s.thth) permit (v.) QDKDQGKXNNÀ move up
vasadhi, sowharyam comfort, convenience nirandhu full
UDLOYD¼GL train QUYDQGL through train
SUD\¼L traveller VXWKWKXSUD\¼XP tour (n.)
SUD\¼XPVHLZGK travel SUD\¼XP travel(n.)
Conversation.
Q,QJDHQGKDÌUXNNXSÀULQJD" To which place are you going?
QQGHOOLNNXSÀUQ I am going to Delhi.
LQJHUXQGKXGHOOLNNXSÀKDHYºDYXQUDPSLGLNNXGKX"
How long does it take to go to Delhi from here?
GHOOLNNXSÀKDPXSSDWKWKUXPD¼LQUDPSLGLNNXGKX
It takes 36 hours to go to Delhi.
GHOOLOHHQJHWKDQJDSÀULQJD" Where are you going to stay in Delhi?
QQGHOOLOHRUXVQKLGKDUY¯WOHWKDQJDSRUQ
I am going to stay at afriend’s house in Delhi.
µRQODLQWLNHW¶YQJLLFKFK" Did you get an on-line ticket?
LOOHWLNHWNRGXNNXPLGDPHQJH¶S No, where is the booking office please.
WLNHWS¯VDGKÀLUXNNXGKX The ticket office is there, look.
XQJDºXNNXHQQDWLNHWY¼XP" What ticket do you want?
216
Adi’s Book.
HQDNNXUH¼GYDGKXYDKXSSXVO¯SSDUY¼XP I want a second class sleeper.
12. adhu sila samayam niraindhu irukkum. That may possibly be full.
DSSRQQPXGKDOYDKDSSXOHSÀKD¼XP Then I’ll have to go first class.
LQGKDWLNHWUH¼GXQºXNNXGKQVHOOXP This ticket is only valid for two days
LSSRQQJDDYºDYXVPQHGXWKXSÀKDPWWÀPDGKDQOHLGKXVXODEDPLUXNNXGKX
Now we do not take all that much luggage, so it is is easy.
DQGKDQUDWKOHQQJDHGHSÀWWDNRGXNND¼XPLQQXPSD¼DPLUXNNXPNDVKWDPQDGKX
In those days we had to get it weighed, give more money; troublesome!
PµRUXWKDOHNNXPXSSDWKWKXSDYXQGGKQNRQGXSÀKDOP¶LQQXVRQQDQJD
Yes, ‘you can take only thirty pounds per head’ they said.
18. vandi eppo purappadum? When will the train start?
QUDPFKFKXV¯NUDPUXQJD It is time, climb in quickly.
LGKXHQQDEÀJLLQJHLGDPLOOH What carriage is this, there is no room.
LGKXVWKULQJDUXPYDQGLQQJDDGXWKWKDYDQGLPXODPQDGDNND¼XP
This is a ladies carriage, we have to walk through the next carriage.
LGKXGHOOLNNXQUQUDSÀKXPYDQGL\" Is this a through train to Delhi?
PLQGKDYDQGLNÌGDQLUDLGKXSÀQDGKXNRQMDPWKDOOLNÀQJDQDKDQGKXNÀQJD
Yes. This carriage is full too. Please move up a bit. (please adjust!).
HQYDQGLWKDYDULSÀFKFKXQQHQJH\YDGKXYDÄLOHYDQGLPWKWKD¼XP"
I missed my train. Do I need to change trains on the way?
PQ¯QJDQDJSÌUOHPWKD¼XP Yes, you must change at Nagpur.
YDQGLLQJHHYºDYXQUDPQLNNXGKX",QJHSDWKWKXQLPLVKDPQLNNXP
How long will the train stop here? Here it will stop for ten minutes.
NÌOL\ÀLGKHOOPNRQGXSÀKDHYºDYXNNUH",UXEDGKXUÌENRGXQJD
Coolie, to take all these how much do you ask? Give me twenty rupees.
LQGKDÌUOHSUNNDWKDKXQGKDLGDQJDHQQHQQDLUXNNXGKX"
What are the places worth seeing in this town?
QQXQJDºXNNXDQGKDLGDPHOOPVXWKWKLNWWXYQ
I will take you round and show you all these places.
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217
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 1.
97+803210877(<80
pon gold SUVH greed
nashtam loss peru big , great
\ÀVDQH idea WKÀQLQDGKX occurred
mutte vai (s.thth) lay egg YLSDU¯GKD perverse, strange
mutte idu (w.tt) lay egg RURUX only one
VROODPXGL\GKXVDQGKÀVKDP unspeakable joy, (limitless)
RUXXUOHRUXNXGL\QDYDQLUXQGKQDYDQURPEDUHDYDQLGDPNRQMDPGKQSD¼DP
LUXQGKDGKX DYDQ DQGKD SD¼DWKWKHNRQGX RUX YWKWKX YQJLQQ DQGKD YWKWKX GKLQDQ
GKÀUXP RUX SRQ PXWWH LWWX YDQGKDGKX NXGL\QDYDQXNNX VROODPXGL\GKX VDQGKÀVKDP
DYDQSRQPXWWHQJDºHYLWKWKXSD¼DNNUDQQQ
RUXQºRUXYLSDU¯GKD\ÀVDQHWKÀQLQDGKX³LQGKDYWKWKXQOGKÀUXPRUXSRQPXWWH
YDLNNXGKX Q DGKDQ YD\LWKWKXNNX XººH DQKD SRQ PXWWHQJD LUXNNXP DGKH HOOP RU
QººHHGXWKWKXNRQGLQQXPSHUL\DSD¼DNNUDQLYLGDOP´LQQXQLQHWKWKQ
DYDQ SUVH\OH RUX NDWKWKL\H NRQGXYDQGKX DGKDQ YD\LWKWKH NLÄLWKWKX SUWKWKQ
QYWKWKXYD\LWKWKXNNXººHRURUX SRQ PXWWHGKQ LUXQGKDGKX NXGL\QDYDQXNNX DSSR
VROODPXGL\GKX YLVDQDP QLQQ SRQ PXWWH SÀQDGKXP LOOPH SRQ PXWWH LWWXNRQGX
LUXQGKDYWKWKXPSRLYLWWDGKXHQQDVHL\DOP"SUVHSHUXQDVKWDPWKDUXP
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218
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 2.
3$»$..5$1801$0%,..$,8¹¹$1$<80
PXQRUXNODWKOH once upon a time SÀKDYQGKLLUXQGKDGKX had to go
LºDLSSUXZLQ rest (v.) ODPDUDP banyan tree
À\PH without stopping Q\EDKDP memory
suttu vittu having shot WKXSSNNL gun
WKWKLUDP hasty temper GKLG¯UQX sudden
NUD¼DP cause, reason Q\EDWKWKXNNXY remember
SYDP poor thing QDPELNNDLXººD faithful
pirahu then, afterwards NUL\XP deed
mattu less, limited seththu kidandhadhu lay dead
enbadhe* the thing which *Neuter participial noun, used as conjunction
PXQ RUX NODWKOH RUX SD¼DNNUDQ LUXQGKQ DYDQXNNX RUX DÄDKQD Q\XP QDOOD
NXGKLUH R¼¼XP LUXQGKDGKX DYDQ WKDQ Q\H NÌWWLNNRQGX NXGKLUHPOH ULNNRQGX DQGKD
ÌUXNNXSXUDSSDWWQ
D¼¼DNL URPED YH\\LO DGLWKWKX NRQGLUXQGKDGKX YH\LOOH URPED GKÌUDP SUD\¼XP
VHLGKDSDGL\OH DYDQXNNX URPED NDOHSS LUXQGKDGKX YDÄLOH RUX NXºDP LUXQGKDGKX
DQGKD NXºDNNDUHPOH LUXQGKD RUX ODPDUDWKWKXNNX N¯ÄH XNNUQGKX LºDLSSULQQ SLUDKX
NXGKLUHPOH UL PDUXSDGL\XP SXUDSSDWWXSÀGKX DYDQ QL DYDQH SUWKWKX NXODLWKWKDGKX
QL À\PH NLODLNNYH NXODLWKWKDGKOH DYDQXNNX URPED NÀEDP YDQGKDGKX DYDQ
WKWKLUDWKWKOHQ\HWKDQWKXSSNNL\OHVXWWXYLWWXDQJLUXQGKXSÀLYLWWQ
URPEDGKÌUDPSÀQDSLQDYDQXNNXWKDQSD¼DSSDL\HPDUDWKWKXNNXN¯ÄHYLWWXYLWWDGKX
GKLG¯UQX Q\EDWKWKXNNX YDQGKDGKX QL NXODLWKWKD NUD¼DP LSSRGKQ DYDQXNNX
YLºDQJLQDGKX XGDQ URPED YKDP NXºDNNDUHNNX WKLUXPED YDQGKQ DYDQ DQJH
SUWKWKDGKXHQQDSYDPQDPELNNDLXººDQLDYDQSD¼DSSDLPOH\VHWKXNLGDQGKDGKX
WKQEXGKLLOOPHVHLGKDNUL\DWKWKXNNKURPEDYLVDQDSSDWWQ
D¼DL NDGDQGKD YHººDP DÄXGKºXP YDUXP" WKWKLUDNNUDQXNNX EXGKGKL PDWWX
HQEDGKHDSSRGKQWKHULQGKXNRQGQ
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219
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 3.
7+233,9<%5,<80.85$1*$¹80
thoppi cap, hat QLÄDO shade
XUXU place to place YLÄLWKWKXNNRºZQG wake up
NÌFKFKDO shout, yell (n.) NÌFKFKDOSÀGX shout, yell (v.)
\ÀVDQHVHL ponder, think about VUWKWKX having collected
DQKD YDUXVKDQJDºXNNX PXQQOH RUX Y\EUL LUXQGKQ DYDQ XU XU SÀL WKRSSL
Y\EUDP VHLGKX YDQGKQ RUX QO DYDQ WKRSSLQJDºH YLNNXPEDGL RUX ÌUXNNX SÀL
NRQGLUXQGKQYH\\LOURPEDMVWKL\LUXQGKDGKXDGKDQOHDYDQVOHÀUDPLUXQGKDRUX
PDUDWKWKX QLÄDOOH XNNUQGKQ DYDQXNNX URPED NDOHSS LUXQGKDGKOH WKRSSLPÌWWH POH
WKDOHYDLWKWKXNNRQGXV¯NUDPWKÌQJLYLWWQ
DQGKDPDUDWKOHDQKDNXUDQJXQJDLUXQGKDGKXDGKXQJDN¯ÄHWKRSSLPÌWWH\HSUWK
WKDYXGDQH RUX NXUDQJX VSSWWXPÌWWH LQQX QLQHWKWKX LUDQJL YDQGKX DQGKD PÌWWH\H
DYLÄWKWKXSUWKWKDGKXQDGKXOHVSSGXLOOHWKRSSLQJDGKQLUXQGKDGKXDGKXXGDQH
WKXQJLNRQGLUXQGKD Y\EUL WKDOH POH RUX WKRSSL\H SDUWKWKDGKX DGKX PÌWWH\LOLUXQGKX
RUX WKRSSL\H HGXWKWKX WKQXP WKDQ WKDOH POH DGKH SÀWWXNRQGKDGKX LGKH SUWKWKD
PDWKWKD NXUDQJXQJDºXP NLÄH YDQGKX DSGL\ VHLGKDGKX DGKXNNX DSUDP HOO
NXUDQJXQJDºXP PDUDWKWKXPOH ULNNRQGX VDQGKÀVKDP NÌFKFKDO SÀGD UDPELWKWK
DGKXQJDDGKXQJDSÀWWDVDGKGKDWKWKHNWWXY\EULYLÄLWKWKXNNRQGQ
DSSR DYDQ POH SUWKWKDSSÀGKX RYYRUX NXUDQJXNNXP WKDOH POH RUX WKRSSL
LUXQGKDGKX LSSR DYDQ PÌWWHOH UH¼GX WKRSSLQJD PWKUXP LUXQGKDGKX DGKXQJDºLGDP
LUXQGKX HSGL\YDGKX WKRSSLQJDOH YQJD Y¼XP LQQX NRQMD QUDP \ÀVDQH VHLGKQ VLOD
nimishangalukku apram avan than thaleyilirundha thoppiye eduththu kurangunga
SUNNXPEDGL NLÄH SRWWQ LGKH SDUWKWKD NXUDQJDºXNNX NÀEDP YDQGKDGKX DGKXQJDOXP
DSGL\WKDQJDWKDOHPOLUXQGKDWKRSSL\HHGXWKWKDN¯ÄHSÀWWDGKXQJD
Y\EULNNX URPED VDQGKÀVKDP XGDQH DYDQ URPED V¯NUDP HOO WKRSSLQJDºXP
VUWKWKXPXWWH\NDWWLNNRQGXDQJLUXQGKXYKDPÀGLSÀLYLWWQ
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220
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 4.
27+7+80('+1%$/$0
singam lion QÀNNL towards
oththume unity balam strength
GKÀ some NUDQDP reason, cause
USGXZWW occur RWKWKXPH\LUX be united
SLZQGK leap muyarchchi sei try
VQKDPLUX be friendly NRÄXWKWKXLUX well developed, fat
RUXNWWXNNXNLWWDRUXÌULUXQGKDGKXDQGKDÌUOHQDOXPGXQJDLUXQGKDGKXQOX
PDGXP URPED VQKLGDP LUXQGKDGKX SXO P\D SÀQOXP VDUL DOODGKX WKD¼¼L NXGLNND
SÀQQXPVDULQOXPR¼¼SÀKXPÀ¼¼YDUXPNWWXNNXSDNDWKOHSXOYDºDUQGKXLUXQGKD
SDGL\OH QOX PGXP WKUXSWL\ SXO WKLQQX NRÄXWKWKX LUXQGKDGKXQJD DGK NWWLOH RUX
VLQJDPXPLUXQGKDGKXVLQJDPLQGKDNDÄXWKWKDPGXQJDºHSUWKWKDGKLOLUXQGKXDGKXQJDºH
HSGL\YDGKXDGLWKXNR¼¼XWKLQQD¼XPLQQXQLQHWKWKXNNRQGKDGKX
RUXQºDQGKDVLQJDPSXOPLQGKXNRQGLUXQGKDRUXPWWXPOHSLQGKDGKXLGKH
SUWKWKD PDWKWKD PÌQX PDGXQJDºXP VLQJDWKWKH QÀNNL SLQGKDGKX VLQJDP QOX
PDGXQJDºXNNXP QLNND PXGL\PH ÀGLSÀLYLWWDGKX VLQJDP LGKHSÀOD SDOD GKDGDYH
PGXQJDºH DGLWKWKX PX\DUFKFKL VHLGKDGKX Q QOX PGXQJDºXP URPED RWKXPH\
LUXQGKDSDGL\OHVLQJDWKWKOHR¼¼XPVHL\DPXGL\DOHLSGLNRQMDNODPQDGKX
RUXVDPD\DPHGKÀRUXNUD¼DWKWKOHQOXPGXQJDºXNNXPYLUÀGKDPUSDWWDGKX
YLUÀGKDWKWKOHRUXQºQOXPGXPR¼¼DLOOPHWKDQWKDQL\GKÌUDGKÌUDPSXOP\D
WKRGDQJLQDGKXQJDLGKHSUWKWKDYXGDQHVLQJDPURPEDVDQGKÀVKDSSDWWDGKXDGKX
PGXQJDºHRYR¼¼DDGLWKXWKUXSWL\WKLQQDGKXRWKWKXPHLUXQGKXLUXQGKVLQJDP
PGXQJDºHNR¼¼XLUXNNDPXGL\XP"RWKWKXPHGKQEDODP
221
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 5.
7+$,<$/.5$180<1(<80
\QH elephant thumbikkai trunk
YGLNNHWKDPVK fun YGLNNH\QD funny
H¼¼DP thought, idea NHGXYQ one who perishes
WKHQJL coconut WKÀ¼LQDGKX idea struck
ÌVL needle NXWKWKLNRºZQGLQWU stick in, stab, pierce
VNNDGH gutter SRUXNNDPXGL\GKD unbearable
urinju (w.in) suck SÀYDGKXYDÄDNNXP usually went
NGX evil, ill URPEDX¼PH very true
RUXSDWWD¼DWKOHRUXWKD\DONDUDQLUXQGKQDQGKDWKD\DONDGHLUXQGKDWKHUXYDÄL\D
RUX\QHGKLQDQGKÀUXPNXºLNNDWKWKXNNXSÀYDGKXYDÄDNNDPYDÄDNNDPSÀODRUXGKLQDP
DQGKD\QHDGKWKHUXYDÄL\YDQGKXNRQGLUXQGKDGKXLGKHSUWKWKDWKDL\DONUDQXNNXRUX
YGLNNH\QDH¼¼DPWKÀQLQDGKX\QHWKDQNDGHNNXPXQQOHYDQGKDGKXPRUXWKQJLNNX
XººHRUXÌVL\HYDLWKWKXDQGKD\QHWKLQQDNRGXWKWKQ\QHWKQJ\HWKLQQXPEÀGKXÌVL
DGKDQYDLNNXXººHNXWKWKLNNRQGKDGKX\QHNNXSRUXNNDPXGL\GKXYDOLHGXWKWKDGKX
QDGKXDQJLULQGKXVXPPSÀLYLWWDGKXLGKHSUNNDWKDL\DONUDQXNNXURPEDWKDPVK
irundhadhu.
\QHWKWKLOHYDÄDNNXPSÀODNXºLWKWKXYLWWXVXPUUH¼GXPD¼LQUDWKWKXNNXDSUDP
DGKWKHUXYDÄL\YDQGKXDGKWKD\DONUDQNDGHNNXPXQQOHQLQQDGKXNDGHNNXNLWWD
LUXQGKDDÄXNNXVNNDGHWKD¼¼L\HWKDQWKXPELNNDL\OHXULQMLWKDL\DONUDQPXKDWKWKXPOH
DGLWKWKDGKXWKDL\DONUDQDQJHQLNNDPXGL\PHNDGH\HYLWWXYLWWXÀGLSÀLYLWWQ
RUXNHWWDPDQXVKDQGKQLQQRUXPDQXVKDUXNNXNGXQLQHSSQNHGXYQNGX
QLQHSSQHQEDGKXURPEDX¼PHLOOH\"
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222
Adi’s Book.
STORY No 6.
2:$,<5<(118038/$9$5
yennum so named, called pulavar poet, poetess
QÌO classic, thread arasar king, kings
PDUL\GKH respect kadume severity
QYDOPDUDP jamoon plum tree, QYDOSDÄDP jamoon plum
VXGGKD not hot sutta hot
DULYOL wise person PDUDNLºH tree branch
POHVRQQD above mentioned KDL\OH therefore
EDODP with great strength WKHUL\GKDGKX the not knowing
SWWL grandmother WKHUL\PHSÀQDGKX the not knowing
kurumbu mischief, naughtiness vekkam shame
RWWLNRºZGKLQWU stick, adhere vekkappadu (w.tt) feel ashamed
pariththu pluck ÌGKXZLQ blow
NWWXNRº request WKLUWKWKXNRºZQGLQWU quench ones thirst
DQKDYDUXVKDQJDºXNNXPXQQOHWKDPLÄQWOHRUXSH¼SXODYDULUXQGKU
DQGKDPPSURZDL\ULYDUSDODQDOODWKDP¯UQÌOXQJDºHHÄXGKLLUXNUUDQGKDNODWKOH
LUXQGKDDUDVDUXPMDQDQJDºXPHOOUXPDYDUHURPEDPDUL\GKH\ÀGXQDGDWKWKLQQJD
RZDL\URUXQºRUXÌUXNNXSÀLNRQGLUXQGKUYH\\LOURPEDNDGXPH\LUXQGKDGKX
DYDUXNNX URPED GKKDPYXP SDVL\YXP LUXQGKDGKX DGKDQOH DYDU NDºHSS LUXQGKU
YDÄLOHRUXQYDOPDUDPLUXQGKDGKXDQGKDPDUDWKOHRUXSDL\DQLUXQGKQRZDL\UWKDQ
GKKDWKWKH WK¯UWKWKXNNRººD VLOD QYDO SDÄDQJDºH SÀGXPEDGL DQGKD SDL\DQH NWWXNNRQGU
DQGKDSDL\DQ³SWWLXQJDºXNNXVXWWDSDÄDPY¼XPVXWWGKDSDÄDPY¼XP´LQQXNWWQ
RZDL\U URPED DULYºLGKQ QOXP DQGKD SDL\DQ VRQQDGKX DYDUXNNX R¼¼XP YLºDQJDOH
KDL\OHDYDUDYDQHSUWKWKX³WKDPELQ¯VRQQDGKXHQDNNXSXUL\DOHQDHQDNNXVLODQYDO
SDÄDQJDGKQY¼XP´LQQXNWWU
223
Adi’s Book.
SDL\DQ LGKH NWWX VLULWKWKXNRQG PDUD N¯ÄH\H EDODP WWLQQ DQKD QYDO SDÄDP
N¯ÄHYLÄXQGKDGKXQLODWKWKOHPD¼DOLUXQGKDGKOHQYDOSDÄDQJDººHPD¼DORWWLNRQGKDGKX
RZDL\UPD¼DOÀGXLUXQGKDVLODSDÄDQJDºHHGXWKWKXDGXQJDºHVSSLGDPXQWKDQY\OHµSKÌ
SK̶ LQQD ÌGKLQU LGKH SUWKWKX ³ SWWL SDÄDP URPED VÌG LUXNNXGK" URPED VÌG
LUXQGK DGKH SÀWWXYLGXQJD XQJDººXNNX VÌGGKD SDÄDP WKDUXYQ´ LQQX VROOL VLOD SXGKX
SDUDQJDºH PDUDWKWKLOLUXQGKX SDULWKWKX N¯ÄH SÀGPH DQGKDPP NDLOH NRGXWKWKQ
DSSRGKQ RZDL\UXNNX VXWWD SDÄDWKWKXNNXP VXGGKD SDÄDWKWKXNNXP YLGK\VDP
WKHULQGKDGKX DYDU DQGKD SDÄDQJDºH VDQGKÀVKDP WKLQQXYLWWX SDL\DQXNNX URPED QDQGUL
VRQQUSDL\DQPDUXSDGL\XPVLULWKWKXNNRQGDQJLUXQGKXSÀLYLWWQ
RZDL\UXNNX POH VRQQD YUWKWKHQJDººXNNX DUWKDP WKHUL\PH SÀQDGKX YHNNDP
LUXQGKDGKX DYDU DQGKD PDUDWKWKXNNX N¯ÄH NRQMD QUDP WKDQJLYLWWX DSUDP WKDQ YDÄL\
SÀLYLWWU
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224
Adi’s Book.
GRAMMAR AT A GLANCE.
Where To Find A Spoken Tamil Grammar Principle.
Item Page Item Page
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