TAGUM CITY COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOUNDATION INC.

Elpidio M. Gazmen Compound, Gazmen Road, Tagum City

SEC. Reg. No. 200630691 / Tel. No. 216-6824
E-mail Address: tcit2007@yahoo.com

Year Level: 3rd Year

Semester: 1ST Term 2nd Semester

COURSE CONTENT
REQUIREMENTS IN ESTIMATING BILL MATERIALS

Course Description:

This course deals with the preparation bill of materials of a residential house. It
includes estimates of concrete, masonry, metal reinforcement, wood and lumber,
roofing materials, tile works, painting hardware, staircase and auxiliaries, scaled model
is given emphasis on the course.

Course Credits: 4 Units

KAYROLL JASPER L. GUNAY

DT INSTRUCTOR
CONTACT #: 09352445499
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Introduction

The course aims task of calculating the various materials required for a
construction project involves considerable mathematical computation works. As such, it
needs concentration on the part of the estimator and the least amount of outside
distraction.
It is envisioned as a transfer course, applying calculations in pure science and
mathematics to the realm of building technology. The project drawing plan and
specification should be carefully studied and the computation works should be done
orderly and systematic manner and recorded computation sheets.

In this module you will learn about:

1. Preparation of requirements in bill of materials
2. Estimation in bill of materials

OBJECTIVES
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

1. Distinguish the requirements of bill materials

2. material planning for production,
3. planning material purchases,
4. estimation of material costs

Pre- Test

Direction:
A. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not.

_______1. There are three main types of bills of materials, manufacturing, engineering
and architecture BOM
________2. Pencils, eraser, papers, ballpen, etc. are required in estimating BOM.
________3. Electronic calculator or adding machine doesn’t needed in estimating BOM.
_______4. Estimating implies a judgment, considered or casual, that precedes or takes
the place of actual measuring or projecting the future.
________5. This includes the number of labourers, skilled and unskilled, and their
respective wages multiplied by the hours required to complete per unit called cost of
equipment.

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 FACTS

What Is a Bill of Materials (BOM)?

A bill of materials (BOM) is an extensive list of raw materials, components, and
instructions required to construct, manufacture, or repair a product or service. A bill of
materials usually appears in a hierarchical format, with the highest level displaying the
finished product and the bottom level showing individual components and materials.

There are different types of bills of materials specific to engineering used in the design
process; they're also specific to the manufacturing used in the assembly process.

KEY NOTES

• A bill of materials (BOM) is a centralized source of information containing a list of

items used to manufacture a product and the instructions on how to do so.
• Often shown in a hierarchical way, a bill of materials (BOM) lists the finished
product at the top, down to individual components and materials.
• Bills of materials (BOMs) can be presented as an explosion display or an
implosion display.
• The two main types of bills of materials (BOMs) are manufacturing bills of
materials (BOMs) and engineering bills of materials (BOMs).

What Is Estimating?

Estimating is simply the process used to determine the amount of effort and cost
required to implement a project, in part or in full. It is important to acknowledge that
estimating is fundamentally an effort at projecting the future. An estimate improves in
accuracy in direct relation to the level of detail considered. A methodology defines the
sequence of events by which parts are assembled. For example, a construction
methodology identifies all of the resources of a product, such as lumber, steel, glass,
etc. and how they are assembled.

Following are suggestions on how to go about requirements in estimating BOM.

1. Clear the table or working area of things not needed in connection with the work
at hand.
2. Have on hand all the things required:

• Complete set of the working drawing (plans) of the project

• Specifications relating to the project
• Architect’s scale - specialized ruler designed to facilitate the drafting and
measuring of architectural drawings, such as floor plans and Multi-view
orthographic projections.
• Electronic calculator or adding machine
• Pencils, eraser, papers, ballpen, etc.
• Data about building materials, preferably including their current prices
• Estimating worksheets or computation sheets
• Construction contract, if necessary

3. Study carefully all the plans and specifications to get a clear understanding of the
various elements of the project and to know the materials required;
4. The plans and the specification are meant to complement each other, but should
there be discrepancies between the two, these would be referred to the designing
architect or engineer for clarification;
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 5. If, in the building plans, there are discrepancies between the scaled distance and
the requirements indicated, it is usually the latter to prevail;
6. Where the measurements or positions of dimension lines indicate on small scale
drawings are not the same as their full size or large-scale drawing; those shown
full size or large-scale detail drawings should be followed.

Abstract of cost

The estimated cost of each and every individual item of work is calculated by
multiplying the quantity by the specified rate in tabular form known as "Abstract form' as
shown below, then adding all together to get the actual estimated cost of work. A
percentage (1.5 to 2.5 percent) of the above estimate is usually added for a work charge
along with an amount (usually 0.5 percent) for tools and plant, to calculate the grand
total of the estimated cost.

In order to ensure that the detailed estimates can be easily surveyed, sub-
headings are usually required. In this case, each sub-heading of the estimate is grouped
for similar items of work. For example an aquaculture project, the sub-headings should
be as follows:

(a) Site clearing and preparation

(b) Earthwork - this includes excavation, filling, dressing, dewatering, etc.
(c) Concrete work - this includes plain and reinforced concrete works,
prefabricated concrete works, formwork for concrete structures, etc.
(d) Brickwork - this includes brickwork in foundation and plinth, brickwork
in superstructures, etc.
(e) Stonework - this includes stone work for bed or wave protection and in
structures, etc.
(f) Woodwork - skill of making items from wood, and includes cabinet
making (cabinetry and furniture), wood carving, joinery, carpentry, and
woodturning.
(g) Steelwork - construction; an establishment where steel is made.
(h) Roofing - Material that is used for building or repairing a roof.
(i) Water supply and sanitary works
(j) Miscellaneous
(k) Finishing - a decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the
substance that gives it that appearance) synonyms: coating, finish.

Analysis of rates
In order to provide a correct and reasonable rate per unit for a particular item, a
detailed surveyed called an "Analysis of rate" should be conducted on costs of
materials, labour and equipment as required for the unit following its specification. The
rate per unit of an item consists of the following:

• Quantity of materials and their cost

The quantities of various materials required per unit rate for an item are determined by
the specifications. The cost of materials should be the cost on site. To calculate this, an
analysis of rates of materials should be calculated separately. This includes the market
cost of the materials, including loading and unloading costs, 10 percent profit, and
transportation costs.

• Labour cost
This includes the number of labourers, skilled and unskilled, and their respective wages
multiplied by the hours required to complete per unit.

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 • Cost of equipment, tools or plant
Wherever possible, the cost of equipment should be allocated to a specific item of rate,
i.e. the cost of operating a concrete mixer should be spread over those items for which it
is used. For certain tools and plant it is difficult to allocate their use to an individual item
of rate, and it is therefore suggested that this expenditure be included in overheads, i.e.
establishment charges.

• Overhead or establishment charges

These include such items as office rent and depreciation of equipment, salaries of
office staff, postage, lighting, travel, telephone charges, plans and specifications, etc.
They are usually 2 /2% of the net cost of a unit of rate, and may increase to 5 percent.

• Profit
In general, a profit of 10 percent is calculated for ordinary contracts after allocating
all charges for equipment, establishment, etc. For small jobs 15 percent profit and for
large jobs 8 percent profit should be considered as common figures.

Schedule of rates or data for costing

To facilitate the preparation of estimates and to enable them to be prepared in a
uniform manner, a schedule of rates or data for costing each kind of work commonly
executed is provided by different departments in each country. These usually include
general conditions, general specifications, items of different works, data for
transportation, materials and labour, method of rate analysis, plant rate analysis and
basic unit rate analysis.

Quantity estimates
Quantity estimates of items of various works should be prepared to provide an
accurate cost estimate for the implementation of a project. Quantity estimates should be
prepared separately for both the structures and the earthworks.
(i) Quantity estimates for structures and buildings
Measurement of all structures and buildings should be taken as per the standard
specification, or as per the schedule of rate, or as per current practice.
(ii) Quantity estimates of earthworks
The quantity estimates of earthworks, using the plans of cross and longitudinal sections,
as well as contour plans if needed, should be prepared. Measurements for earthwork
shall be calculated from the relevant drawings.

SELF CHECK

A. IDENTIFICATION
Direction: Define the following building components and types of doors below
and write your answer in the provided space.
_______1. Material that is used for building or repairing a roof.
_______2. A decorative texture or appearance of a surface (or the substance that
gives it that appearance) synonyms: coating, finish.
_______3. Construction; an establishment where steel is made.
_______4. Skill of making items from wood, and includes cabinet making (cabinetry and
furniture), wood carving, joinery, carpentry, and woodturning.
_______5. Specialized ruler designed to facilitate the drafting and measuring
of architectural drawings, such as floor plans and Multi-view orthographic projections.

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_______6. Used to refer to a single view, sheet, or drawing in a set of plans
_______7. It is allocated to a specific item of rate, i.e. the cost of operating a concrete
mixer should be spread over those items for which it is used.
_______8. This includes plain and reinforced concrete works, prefabricated concrete
works, formwork for concrete structures, etc.
_______9. This includes stone work for bed or wave protection and in structures, etc.
_______10. This includes excavation, filling, dressing, dewatering, etc.

B. ENUMERATION:

Directions: Supply what is ask in the following statements.

1- 2 what are the quantity estimates
3- 7 what are the analysis of rates
8-10 give at least three required things in estimation in bill of
materials

ASSESSMENT
Task A: Multiple Choice: Write the letter of the correct answer.
A roof with the ends inclined, as well as the sides.
1. This includes excavation, filling, dressing, dewatering, etc.
a. filling c. earth work
b. concrete work d. stonework

2. It is allocated to a specific item of rate, i.e. the cost of operating a concrete mixer
should be spread over those items for which it is used.
a. profit c. cost of equipment
b. labor cost d. quantity of material
3. This includes stone work for bed or wave protection and in structures, etc.
a. brickwork c. concrete work
b. stonework d. earth work
4. Simply the process used to determine the amount of effort and cost required to
implement a project, in part or in full.
a. calculate c. computation
b. estimating d. costing
5. BOM stands for?
a. Basic of materials c. bill of materials
b. Bill on materials d. building materials
6. Items of various works should be prepared to provide an accurate cost estimate
for the implementation of a project.
a. quantity estimates c. bill estimates
b. quantity cost d. building cost
7. This includes plain and reinforced concrete works, prefabricated concrete
works, formwork for concrete structures, etc.
c. earth work c. stone work
d. brickwork d. concrete work

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 8. Using the plans of cross and longitudinal sections, as well as contour plans if
needed, should be prepared.
a. Quantity estimates for structures and buildings c. quantity estimates
b. quantity estimates of earthworks d. building estimtes
9. Lists the finished product at the top, down to individual components and
materials.

a. Basic of materials d. building of materials

c. bill of materials b. bill on materials

10. Usually include general conditions, general specifications, items of different

works, data for transportation, materials and labour, method of rate analysis,
plant rate analysis and basic unit rate analysis.
e. profit c. cost of equipment
f. bill of materials d. Schedule of rates or data for costing

Glossary
• Architect scale - Specialized ruler designed to facilitate the drafting and
measuring of architectural drawings
• BOM – bills of materials
• Cost - estimate the price of
• Estimating - determine the amount of effort and cost required

References
Estimate Bill of Materials
By. Vicenti A. Tagayun
https://www.modernanalyst.com/Resources/Articles/tabid/115/ID/3235/BOM-
Project-Estimating.aspx
https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/bill-of-materials.asp
http://sketchup3dconstruction.com/const/estimation-of-any-projected-residential-
building.html
http://www.fao.org/3/x5744e/x5744e08.htm

Prepared by:

KAYROLL JASPER L. GUNAY

DT INSTRUCTOR

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