Module 5: pavement design

PAVEMENT MODULE 5 UNIT 1 & 2

DESIGN: CE 4111
EXAMPLES
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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto flexible pavement design procedure

Example 2:
A flexible pavement is constructed with 4 inches of sand-mix asphaltic concrete, 8 inches of soil cement base, and 10
inches of crushed stone subbase.

The subgrade has a soil resilient modulus of 12,000 psi and M2 and M3 equal to 0.95 and 1.0 respectively, for
materials in the pavement structure.

The overall standard deviation is 0.60, the initial PSI is 4.20 and the Terminal Serviceability Index is 2.50.

The daily traffic has 274 24-kip single axles, 219 32-kip tandem axles, and 524 40-kip triple axles.

How many years is the estimated life of the pavement if you are 95% confident that your estimate is not too high?

How many years will the pavement last if you were 90% confident that your estimate is not too high?

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto flexible pavement design procedure

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto flexible pavement design procedure

Example 2:
daily traffic:
SN = 4.0
274 24-kip single axles
W18 ESAL factor = 2.89
219 32-kip tandem axles

524 40-kip triple axles

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto flexible pavement design procedure

Example 2:
daily traffic:
SN = 4.0
274 24-kip single axles
W18 ESAL factor = 2.89

219 32-kip tandem axles

W18 ESAL factor= 0.887
524 40-kip triple axles

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto flexible pavement design procedure

Example 2:

daily traffic:
SN = 4.0
274 24-kip single axles
W18 ESAL factor= 2.89
219 32-kip tandem axles
W18 ESAL factor = 0.887
524 40-kip triple axles
W18 ESAL factor = 0.533

Total Daily 18-kip equivalent = W18

W18 = 274(2.89)+219(0.887)+524(0.533)

W18 = 1116.698 (18-kip ESAL)

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto flexible pavement design procedure

Example 2:
SN = 4.02
Daily W18 = 1116.698
So = 0.60
PSI = 4.20
TSI = 2.50
MR = 12,000

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto flexible pavement design procedure

Example 2:
SN = 4.02
Daily W18 = 1116.698
So = 0.60
PSI = 4.20
TSI = 2.50
MR = 12,000

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 Module 5: pavement design
Compute Design Life at
99%
Reliability Life span of pavement
90% 11.614 years
95% 7.03 years
99% ?
As the reliability level increase, the duration of the pavement life decrease.

Recommended Reliability for Roadway Classification is recommended below

Functional Classification of Urban Rural
Roadway
Freeways, Expressways 85 to 99% 80 to 99%
Principal Arterials 90 to 99% 75 to 95%
Collectors 80 to 95% 75 to 95%
Residential and Local Roads 50 to 80% 50 to 80%

Expressways has lesser pavement life because it is utilized by heavy trucks

In that case, it is expected that Barangay roads in Baguio City must have a longer pavement life say a minimum
of 10 years because is not usually passed by heavy trucks!
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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

Example 1.
A rigid pavement is to be designed to provide a service life of 20 years and has an initial PSI of 4.4 and a TSI of
2.5. The modulus of subgrade reaction is determined to be 300 lb/in3.
For design, the daily car, pickup truck, and light van traffic is 20,000; and the daily truck
traffic consists of 200 passes of single-unit trucks with single and tandem axles, and 410
passes of tractor semi-trailer trucks with single, tandem, and triple axles. The axle weights
are:
cars, pickups, light vans
= two 2000-lb single axles
single-unit trucks
= 10,000-lb steering, single axle
= 22,000-lb drive, tandem axle
tractor semi-trailer trucks
= 12,000-lb steering, single axle
= 18,000-lb drive, tandem axle
= 50,000-lb trailer, triple axle
Reliability is 95%, the overall standard deviation is 0.45, the concrete’s modulus of elasticity
is 4.5 million lb/in2, the concrete’s modulus of rupture is 900 lb/in2, the load transfer coefficient is 3.2, and the
drainage coefficient is 1.0. Determine the required slab thickness.
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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

Example 1.
No slab thickness given, typical
20,000 cars, pickups, light vans assumption D = 10 in
= two 2000-lb single axles W18 ESAL = 2*0.0002(20,000)
200 single-unit trucks
= 10,000-lb steering, single axle W18 ESAL = 0.081(200)
= 22,000-lb drive, tandem axle
410 tractor semi-trailer trucks
= 12,000-lb steering, single axle W18 ESAL = 0.175(410)
= 18,000-lb drive, tandem axle
= 50,000-lb trailer, triple axle

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Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure
Example 1.
20,000 cars, pickups, light vans
= two 2000-lb single axles
200 single-unit trucks
= 10,000-lb steering, single axle
= 22,000-lb drive, tandem axle
410 tractor semi-trailer trucks
= 12,000-lb steering, single axle
= 18,000-lb drive, tandem axle
= 50,000-lb trailer, triple axle
Module 5: pavement design
No slab thickness given, typical
assumption D = 10 in
W18 ESAL = 2*0.0002(20,000)
W18 ESAL = 0.081(200)
W18 ESAL = 0.305(200)
W18 ESAL = 0.175(410)
W18 ESAL = 0.132(410)
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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

Example 1.
20,000 cars, pickups, light vans
= two 2000-lb single axles
200 single-unit trucks
= 10,000-lb steering, single axle
= 22,000-lb drive, tandem axle
410 tractor semi-trailer trucks
= 12,000-lb steering, single axle
= 18,000-lb drive, tandem axle
= 50,000-lb trailer, triple axle
No slab thickness given, typical
assumption D = 10 in
W18 ESAL = 2*0.0002(20,000)
W18 ESAL = 0.081(200)
W18 ESAL = 0.305(200)
W18 ESAL = 0.175(410)
W18 ESAL = 0.132(410)
W18 ESAL = 3.02(410)

Total Daily W18 ESAL= 8+ 16.2 +61 + 71.75 +54.12 +1238.2

Total Daily W18 ESAL= 1449.27
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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

Zr = -1.645 PSI = 4.4 TSI = 2.5 K = 300 So = 0.45 Sc’ = 900 J = 3.2 Cd = 1

Trial D 10 9 9.5 9.25 9.2 9.23 9.215 9.207 9.208

Log W18 7.24251 6.96513 7.10622 7.03627 7.02214 7.03062 7.02638 7.02412 7.02440

D= 9.20825 D = 9.0
Assumed is too far from computed Recompute using new D
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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

Example 1.
20,000 cars, pickups, light vans New D = 9.0

= two 2000-lb single axles W18 ESAL = 2*0.0002(20,000)

200 single-unit trucks
= 10,000-lb steering, single axle W18 ESAL = 0.082(200)
= 22,000-lb drive, tandem axle
410 tractor semi-trailer trucks
= 12,000-lb steering, single axle W18 ESAL = 0.176(410)
= 18,000-lb drive, tandem axle
= 50,000-lb trailer, triple axle

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

Example 1.
20,000 cars, pickups, light vans New D = 9.0

= two 2000-lb single axles W18 ESAL = 2*0.0002(20,000)

200 single-unit trucks
= 10,000-lb steering, single axle W18 ESAL = 0.082(200)
= 22,000-lb drive, tandem axle W18 ESAL = 0.308(200)
410 tractor semi-trailer trucks
= 12,000-lb steering, single axle W18 ESAL = 0.176(410)
= 18,000-lb drive, tandem axle W18 ESAL = 0.133(410)
= 50,000-lb trailer, triple axle

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

Example 1.
20,000 cars, pickups, light vans New D = 9.0

= two 2000-lb single axles W18 ESAL = 2*0.0002(20,000)

200 single-unit trucks
= 10,000-lb steering, single axle
= 22,000-lb drive, tandem axle
410 tractor semi-trailer trucks
= 12,000-lb steering, single axle
= 18,000-lb drive, tandem axle
= 50,000-lb trailer, triple axle
W18 ESAL = 0.082(200)
W18 ESAL = 0.308(200)
W18 ESAL = 0.176(410)
W18 ESAL = 0.133(410)
W18 ESAL = 2.94(410)

Total Daily W18 ESAL= 8 + 16.4 +61.6 + 72.16 +54.53 +1205.4

Total Daily W18 ESAL= 1418.09
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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

Zr = -1.645 PSI = 4.4 TSI = 2.5 K = 300 So = 0.45 Sc’ = 900 J = 3.2 Cd = 1

Trial D 9 9.20825 9.2 9.15 9.175 9.174 9.1745 9.1749 9.17491

Log W18 6.96513 7.02440 7.02214 7.00796 7.01505 7.01477 7.01491 7.01502 7.01503
Almost equal to the first Round off the nearest 0.50 inches
Computed D = 9.17491 in D = 9.5 in
computed D = 9.20825 in for conservative design
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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

EXAMPLE 2.
In 1996, a rigid pavement on a northbound section of interstate highway was designed with a 12in PCC slab, an Ec of
6 x 106 lb/in2, a concrete modulus of rupture of 800 lb/in2, a load transfer coefficient of 3.0, an initial PSI of 4.5, and a
terminal serviceability index of 2.5.

The overall standard deviation was 0.45, the modulus of subgrade reaction was 190 lb/in3, and a reliability of 95%
was used along with a drainage coefficient of 1.0.

The pavement was designed for a 20-year life, and traffic was assumed to be composed entirely of tractor semi-trailer
trucks with one 16-kip single axle, one 20-kip single axle, and one 35-kip tandem axle (the effect of all other vehicles
was ignored). The interstate has four northbound lanes and was conservatively designed.

How many tractor semi-trailer trucks, per day, were assumed to be traveling in the northbound direction?

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 Module 5: pavement design

Aashto RIGID pavement design procedure

EXAMPLE 2. Solution:
Given:
D = 12in PCC slab N = 20 years @ 95% Zr = -1.645
Ec = 6 x 106 lb/in2 Traffic:
Sc’ = 800 lb/in2 tractor semi-trailer trucks From tables 4.6, 4.7 and 4.8
J = 3.0 16-kip single axle ESAL factor = 0.599
PSI = 4.5 20-kip single axle ESAL factor = 1.59 Total ESAL 4.434
TSI = 2.5. 35-kip tandem axle ESAL factor = 2.245
(34: 1.97 and 36: 2.52)
So = 0.45 Required:
K = 190 lb/in3 # tractors per day
R = 95%
Cd = 1.0. log W18 = 7.59923 Total W18 = 39740309.3701073

= 5443.877996

= 1227.75778

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 Module 5: pavement design
Explanation to the last
problem
Suppose the computed directional W18 is an 18-kip ESAL of 10,000,000 (SIX LANE; TWO WAY) and there are three lanes in
the direction of travel. What is the representative design thickness for each lane.
DO NOT ASSUME 10,000,000 DIVIDED BY THREE = 3.333 Million 18 kip ESAL! , USE TABLE 4.10 INSTEAD

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 Module 5: pavement design

Table 4.10 shows that 80% of the axle loads can be assumed to be in the design lane (PDL =
0.8). So the design W18 would be 8,000,000 (0.8 x 10,000,000), and this value would be used
in the equations and nomographs. This design procedure applies to both flexible and rigid
pavements.

This represents the design thickness

of the six lane; two way highway at 8 8 Million 18-kip ESAL is concentrated in the
Million 18-kip ESAL which is far middle lane (in the case of NLEX or SCTEX) or
from the assumed value 3 Million outer lane because it represents slow moving lane
18-Kip ESAL for heavy trucks
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 Module 5: pavement design

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