Task 1.

2- Variant
«Electrical conductivity. Conductometry»
Substance A: H NO3
The dependence of the resistance r of the concentration of substance A on the concentration
c at 298 K:

Using data on the properties of solutions of substance A in water:

1) plot the dependence of the specific and equivalent electrical conductivities of the solutions of
substance A on dilution V;
Solution:
a) Specific electrical conductivity, by definition, is equal to:
1
κ=
R
Using this example, I find the rest of the values:
1 −1 −1
κ HN O (0,1mol /l)= =0.231Ohm m
3
4.32Om∗m
Dilution is the reciprocal of concentration, i.e.:
1
V=
C
Using this example, I find the rest of the values:
1 −1
V HN O (0.1 mol /l) = =10 m
3
0.1mol /l

Using these dependencies, we obtain a number of values for specific electrical conductivity
and dilution:
κ 0.231 0.175 0.133 0.075 0.049 0.037 0.019
−1 −1
Ohm m
V 10 20 33.3 100 200 333.3 1000
−1
m
I use the obtained values to plot the dependence of specific electrical conductivity on
dilution:
 0.25

0.2

0.15

0.1

0.05

0 V
10 20 33.3 100 200 333.3 1000
Knowing the dependence of the equivalent electrical conductivity on dilution and specific
conductivity, it is possible to calculate the λ V values and plot the dependence λ V = f (V):
κ
λV= ;
C
Using this example, I find the rest of the values:
−1 −1 2
0.231Ohm m m
λV= =2.31
0.1 mol /l mol∗Ohm
λV 2.31 3.5 4.429 7.5 9.8 12.332 19
2
m
( )
mol∗Ohm
V 10 20 33.3 100 200 333.3 1000
λ
20 𝑉
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
10 20 33.3 100 200 333.3 1000
2) Сheck whether the solutions of substance A in water obey the Ostwald dilution law;
Cα 2
Kd=
1−α
λV
where the degree of dissociation is α = ; and the value
λ∞
 The molar electrical conductivity of the electrolyte solution at its limiting dilution λ ∞ is
calculated by the equation λ ∞=λ +¿ + λ ¿, taking the values of the mobility of electrolyte ions in
∞
−¿ ∞ ¿

the extremely diluted solution ( λ +¿ / λ ¿) from the reference book.

∞
−¿∞ ¿
2
λ ∞=λ H + λ m
¿
¿ =421.26
Ohm∗mol
¿
NO3 =349.8 +71.46 ¿

Using this example, I find the remaining values of the degree of dissociation (α):
2
m
2,31
mol∗Ohm
α= =0.0055
m2
421,26
mol∗Ohm
Using this example, I find the rest of the dissociation constant ( K d )
0.00552∗0.1
Kd= =3.04∗10−6
1−0.0055
α 0,0055 0,0083 0,0105 0,0178 0,023 0,0293 0,0451
λ V 2.31 3.5 4.429 7.5 9.8 12.332 19
K d 3.04∗10 −6
3.47¿ 10 −6
3.34¿ 10 −6
3.23 ¿ 10
−6
2.7∗10
−6
2. 65∗10
−6
2.13 ¿ 10
−6

С 0,1 0,05 0,03 0,01 0,005 0,003 0,001

By the values of the dissociation constant close to unity, it can be seen that H NO3 is a strong
electrolyte. This means that this electrolyte does not obey the Ostwald dilution law.
3) Сalculate for substance A, according to the given dependences of the equivalent electrical
conductivity on the concentration, the equivalent electrical conductivity with infinite separation
and compare the result with the reference data.
Comparing the obtained values of the dissociation constant with its tabular value equal to
4.36∗10 , I came to the conclusion that H NO3 solutions do not obey the Ostwald dilution law.
1

And this is a strong electorate.