Mount Giluwe

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Mount Giluwe
Mount Giluwe.jpg
Mount Giluwe from Ialibu.
Highest point
Elevation 4,367 m (14,327 ft)[1][2]
Prominence 2,507 m (8,225 ft)[1]
Listing Volcanic Seven Summits
Ultra
Coordinates 6�02'36?S 143�53'12?ECoordinates: 6�02'36?S 143�53'12?E[1]
Naming
Pronunciation /'g?lu?e?/
Geography
Mount Giluwe is located in Papua New GuineaMount GiluweMount Giluwe
Location in Papua New Guinea
Location Southern Highlands province, Papua New Guinea
Geology
Age of rock 220,000�800,000 years[3]
Mountain type Eroded shield volcano
Last eruption ~ 220,000 years ago
Climbing
First ascent 1934 by Mick Leahy
Easiest route hike
Mount Giluwe is the second highest mountain in Papua New Guinea at 4,367 metres
(14,327 ft) (Mount Wilhelm being the highest), and the fifth highest peak on the
island of New Guinea. It is located in the Southern Highlands province and is an
old shield volcano with vast alpine grasslands. Ancient volcanic plugs form its two
summits, with the central peak the highest and an east peak about 2 kilometres (1.2
mi) away at 4,300 m (14,108 ft). Giluwe has the distinction of being the highest
volcano on the Australian continent and Oceania, and is thus one of the Volcanic
Seven Summits.[4][5]

Contents
1 Geology
2 History
3 Flora and fauna
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Geology
The original volcano on the site of Mount Giluwe formed roughly 650,000�800,000
years ago, probably as a stratovolcano of similar height to the current peak.
Extensive Pleistocene glaciation eroded away much of the peak, leaving a series of
volcanic plugs which form the present-day summits. A renewed episode of extensive
volcanic eruptions formed the shield-like bulk of the current mountain between
220,000�300,000 years ago, and there is evidence that some of the lava erupted
subglacially.[3] During the last glaciations of the Ice Age, the upper slopes were
covered by a massive ice cap over 150 m (500 ft) thick, from which only the main
and east peaks protruded as nunataks above the ice surface. At its maximum extent,
the ice cap was over 15 km (9 mi) across and covered an area greater than 100 km�
(40 mi�). Outlet glaciers extended down as low as 3,200�3,500 m (10,500�11,500 ft),
leaving a variety of deposits including glacial till and moraines. Although the
glaciers are now long gone, numerous cirques and U-shaped valleys remain visible.
The present-day climate on the summit plateau above roughly 3,400 m (11,150 ft) is
cold enough for nightly frosts and occasional snowfall.[4]
History
Australian explorers Mick Leahy, and his brother Dan, were the first Westerners to
reach the area and to discover and climb Mount Giluwe. However, another explorer
Jack Hides also laid claim to be the first to discover Mount Giluwe after viewing
the peaks from the west in 1935. Hides aptly named them the Minaret Mountains.[6]
However the name did not stick after Leahy went to London in 1935 and set up a
hearing into the two opposing claims at the Royal Geographical Society. Leahy
delivered his address on 21 November 1935 and the following year Leahy was awarded
a grant from the Society and published his discoveries in their journal.[7]

Being a part of the Volcanic 7 Summits, Mt Giluwe has attracted mountaineers from
across the world. Satyarup Siddhanta became the first from India [8] to climb Mt
Giluwe as a part of his Volcanic 7 Summits journey. He is the youngest in the world
to climb the seven summits and volcanic seven summits the Earlier this peak has
been climbed by many climbers like James Stone who keeps a track of climbers who
climbed the volcanic 7 summits in his blog clachliath. He is the first Briton to
climb the volcanic 7 summits. Theodore Fairhurst climbed this peak too and he is
the oldest person to climb all the 7 summits and volcanic 7 summits.

Flora and fauna

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The slopes of Mt. Giluwe exhibit a number of different biomes. Between 2,500 m
(8,200 ft) and 2,800 m (9,190 ft) is the lower montane rainforest dominated by
Nothofagus and Elaeocarpus with large Pandanus including the climbing Freycinetia,
climbing bamboo, many gingers, orchids, ferns, herbs and shrubs including Begonia.
Avian fauna include the endemic dwarf cassowary. Above this is the upper montane
rainforest or moss forest, with stunted moss-shrouded trees such as Quintinia and
conifers including Papuacedrus and Podocarpus. The ground is covered in ferns of
all types including Blechnum, filmy ferns and the world's largest moss (Dawsonia
superba) up to 55 cm (22 in) tall. Rhododendrons grow as epiphytes in the trees as
do specialised cloud forest orchids.

At 3,200 m (10,500 ft), the moss forest opens into subalpine grassland. This
transition marks the extent of glaciation during the last glacial maximum. The
grassland is inhabited by towering endemic tree ferns. Tiny wildflowers grow
amongst the tussock grasses including Veronica, Viola and Gaultheria. Streams flow
in beds once scoured by glaciers, and wet bogs contain frog species found nowhere
else on earth. This is also the domain of the endemic woolly ground cuscus, a
species of possum. Patches of relict subalpine rainforest cling to the sheltered
areas where frost is lessened. Scarlet Rhododendron and Dimorphanthera abound in
the gnarled dwarf forest and white beard lichens hang in the branches. Above 3,400
m (11,200 ft) on the vast alpine plateau, creeping Astelia, cushion plants and
mosses can be found near the numerous tarns, along with alpine blueberries
(Vaccinium) and asters in rockier areas.

See also
Mount Giluwe Rural LLG
List of highest mountains of New Guinea
List of volcanoes in Papua New Guinea
Lists of volcanoes
Volcanic Seven Summits
References
"Papua New Guinea Ultra-Prominence Page"
. Peaklist.org. Retrieved 2011-11-21.
"Mount Giluwe, Papua New Guinea"
. Peakbagger.com. Retrieved 2007-03-02.
L�ffler, E.; Mackenzie, D. E.; Webb, A. W. (1980). "Potassium-argon ages from some
of the Papua New Guinea highlands volcanoes, and their relevance to Pleistocene
geomorphic history". Journal of the Geological Society of Australia. 26 (7�8):
387�397. Bibcode:1979AuJES..26..387L
. doi:10.1080/00167617908729105
.
Blake, D. H.; L�ffler, E. (1971). "Volcanic and Glacial Landforms on Mount Giluwe,
Territory of Papua and New Guinea". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 82 (6):
1605�1614. Bibcode:1971GSAB...82.1605B
. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1971)82[1605:VAGLOM]2.0.CO;2
. ISSN 0016-7606
.
Mackenzie, D. E. (1985). "Giluwe and Hagen; glaciated volcanoes in the rain
forests of western PNG". Volcano News. 19�20: 7.
Nolan, Riall W. (1983). Bushwalking in Papua New Guinea (1st ed.). Lonely Planet.
ISBN 0-908086-41-5.
Leahy, Michael (March 1936). "The Central Highlands of New Guinea". The
Geographical Journal. The Geographical Journal, Vol. 87, No. 3. 87 (3): 229�260.
doi:10.2307/1786763
. JSTOR 1786763
.
""Mountaineer Satyarup Siddhanta scales Mt Giluwe in Papua New Guinea""
. Business Standard. 12 November 2018.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mount Giluwe.
"Giluwe"
. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved 2021-06-25.
"Mount Giluwe"
. Peakware.com. Archived from the original
on 2016-03-04.
vte
Highest Mountains of Papua New Guinea
vte
Volcanic Seven Summits
Categories: Southern Highlands ProvinceShield volcanoes of Papua New GuineaVolcanic
Seven SummitsVolcanic plugs of AsiaPleistocene volcanoesMountains of Papua New
GuineaHiking in Papua New GuineaPolygenetic shield volcanoesFour-thousanders of New
Guinea
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