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Space Syntax Introduction Application

Presentation · November 2020

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.16284.31362

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Cairo University
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 Space Syntax Introduction Application

Web site: http://www.mhclandscape.com

Face book: @mhamdymabdou
YouTube : MHC for landscape page
Space syntax analysis and geographic linkage
Convex space is a space where no line
between any two of its points crosses the
perimeter.
A concave space has to be divided into the
least possible number of convex spaces.

Axial space or an axial line is a straight

line ("sight line"), possible to follow on
foot.

Isovist space is the total area that can be

viewed from a point.
Graph Analysis
Depth
Core is the set of the
Justified graph most integrating
(controlling)
Connectivity
Intelligibility
Integration

Parameters Control value Conclusion

Global choice
Syntactic step is defined as the
direct connection or permeable
relation between a space and its
immediate neighbours or between
overlapping isovists. In an axial
map a syntactic step may be
understood as the change of
direction from one line to another.
Graph is a figure representing the
relationships of permeability between all
the convex spaces or axial spaces of a
layout. The spaces are represented by
circles or dots (called nodes) and the links
with lines. It is possible to also use links in
order to represent relationships of
visibility between spaces.
Depth between two spaces is defined as
the least number of syntactic steps in a
graph that are needed to reach one from
the other.
Justified graph is a graph restructured so that a specific space is placed at the
bottom, "the root space". All spaces one syntactic step away from root space
are put on the first level above, all spaces two spaces away on the second level,
etc. Justified graphs offer a visual picture of the overall depth of a lay-out seen
from one of its points. A tree-like justified graph has most of the nodes many
steps (levels) away from the bottom node. In such a system the mean depth is
high and described as deep. A bush-like justified graph has most of the nodes
near the bottom and the system is described as shallow.
Connectivity measures the number of immediate neighbours that are directly
connected to a space. This is a static local measure.

Integration is a static global measure. It describes the average depth of a

space to all other spaces in the system. The spaces of a system can be ranked
from the most integrated to the most segregated.

Control value is a dynamic local measure. It measures the degree to which a

space controls access to its immediate neighbours taking into account the
number of alternative connections that each of these neighbours has.

Global choice is a dynamic global measure of the "flow" through a space. A

space has a strong choice value when many of the shortest paths, connecting
all spaces to all spaces of a system, passes through it.
Intelligibility, for example, is the correlation between connectivity and
integration and describes how far the depth of a space from the layout as a
whole can be inferred from the number of its direct connections

Core is the set of the most integrating (controlling, etc.) spaces of a system.
For example, the 10% most integrated spaces are normally referred as the
integration core. The configuration of that core, whether it is fully connected or
split, whether it assumes a shape of a spine or a wheel, whether it penetrates
into all parts or remains clustered in one area, is an important property of
layouts.

The spatial measures can be related to social indicators, to test socio-spatial

hypotheses or to develop predictive models the "social effects" of spatial layout.
Such indicators can be the rate of crime, traffic flow, satisfaction, turnover, etc.
The relation between the "socio-spatial" factors can be calculated using
statistics such as linear correlation.
 Depth map
application

Case studies
Planning Design

urban

landscape

Transportation
Coexistent Urbanism is a new proposed
approach that deals with informal areas in
different way. Rather than dealing with
informal areas locally and through focused
intervention, it seeks to gradually assimilate
the community with its surrounding urban area
socially, economically and physically by
integrating its street fabric first until they
become totally dissolved with the surrounded
urban areas and become a harmonious part of
the surrounded urban social and economic
structure. On the long run, such assimilation
combined with directing growth along a
development axis could even spare away from
strategic agricultural land
Space Syntax is applied to
the slums network with an
appropriate buffer to get
integration values for each
slum then, they are
classified by a devised
normalized index called
Coexistence Potential index
that measures two critical
measures called
Effectiveness and
Needness for intervention.
Effectiveness is achieved to those
slums having close proximity to the
center of the city and high GIS
building and roads indices. Thus,
effectiveness is measure of how
well the slum intervention will
produce notable impacts to the
slum. Needness, on the other
hand, considers proximity to the
periphery and higher slum growth
rate. Thus it is a measure of how
badly the slum requires
intervention.
Isovist
Is the main indicator for the landscape
planning , which identify the visual field
and its ranking in the space related to
others.
The red zone in space syntax is the more
powerful space where can features as
more exposure and visual spot.
Landscape items (landmarks ,seating
,planting …..etc) all can be zoned in
regards its visual weight of spaces to
each other.
Red zone:
Main landmarks and visual features which
occupied , how to recognize that , it is by
isovist in space syntax …
Isovist drift angle
Angle 90 degree
Angel 120 degree
Angle 180 degree
Angle 360 degree…

More area exposure = red zone then less

Isovist drift angle
Angle 90 degree
Angel 120 degree
Angle 180 degree
Angle 360 degree…

More area exposure = red zone then less

Land use Evaluation

Isovist drift angle
Angle 90 degree
Angel 120 degree
Angle 180 degree
Angle 360 degree…

Impact on Building Facades

Selecting landscape features regards

zone weighted
Axial Map
Is the main indicator for determine
the transportation degree of roads
network where is the express way to
local ways and its weighted to
connectivity
Convex spaces
Is the main indicator for determine
the spaces that are visulay from
every point included , it is most
important indicator for identfying the
exposure spaces weighted to
connectivity

Red zone = more convex

Convex spaces
Reflection on convex space to select
the features that identify the
character of space and give it the
proper meaning ,

Proper Greenery zone and

landmarks distribution
Axial map
Reflection of axial map to identify the
degree of ways and then proper wide
weighted to connectivity , that
integrated with other streets ,

Classification for roads

Exist roads classification

Exist Building status

Building Height

………..ETC

Data analysis and update

Modification and description

Insert syntactic parameters on
shape file

Data analysis and update

Modification and description

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