IEEE ANTS 2019 1570566372

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  Audio and Video Transmission Using Visible Light Transmission
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  SatyaJaswanth Badri SaiHemanth Badri∗
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  Computer Science and Engineering Electronics and Communication Engineering
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  Indian Institute of Technology, Ropar Pondicherry Engineering College
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  satyajaswanth.badri@gmail.com badrihemanth98@gmail.com
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  Abstract— Visible Light Communication (VLC) is the term represented by changing the LED’s into ON mode and OFF
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  which was the method that uses visible light for Data trans- mode, forming the data rate pattern. The photo diode at
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  missions. Due to the insufficient Radio Frequency(RF) re- the receiver side will receive the data as a light pattern as
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  sources, and the limitations in bandwidth, the demand for
per transmitted. This light pattern was sent to the control
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  faster data transmission becomes a big problem to be solved.
This problem is rectified by the emerging Li-Fi technology unit to recover the original signal at the receiver side. VLC
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which provides faster data transmission with a more secure will provide a substantial increase in the data rate within
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  environment. Therefore, VLC became an emerging technology wireless connections. The increasing consumption of web-
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  and was included in 5g. This paper focuses on audio and video based applications and high-end mobile phones with better
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  transmissions in VLC methodology using Li-Fi (light fidelity)
CPU processor makes the use of RF resources at higher
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  module. A real-time transmitter and receiver system to check
the performance and verify the audio and video transmission speeds. This puts massive traffic in the underlying networks.
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using Li-Fi under varying conditions such as distance, intensity, The network operators are finding various better ways to
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  and quality. The main Objective is to design a transmitter and
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  help them to overcome this problem of network data trafc
receiver using a Li-Fi setup for audio and video transfer and while promising high security and faster data rates for the
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  to test the setup under varying conditions. The use of VLC has
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  gained particular interest due to its fast data rates and traffic end-users. One of the best ways that are being adopted
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  overloading techniques. The main advantage of VLC is quick is the deployment of micro-cell base stations within the
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  data rates with minimum power consumption , and small setup existing macro-cells and ofoading the trafc from the macro-
cost makes it as an emerging technology that can be included cells to the small-cells at critical locations. In this way,
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  and used in upcoming technologies such as 5g networks.
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  the operators can avail of increased capacity and improved
Index Terms— Radio Frequency, transmission, Li-Fi, data
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  rates. network performance at a low cost. Moreover, the parallel
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  use of new technologies is also employed.
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  I. INTRODUCTION
The use of VLC has gained particular interest where there
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  is a more critical requirement for data offloading and higher
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  VLC is an emerging technology, and it acts as an alternate data rates and relatively increasing day by day. The key
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  way to the transfer of data with higher data rates and security. advantages of VLC are very high data rates over low power
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  At present, the LED-based lights are mostly used as indoor consumption.
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  lighting and outdoor lightening purposes; this can also be The further part of this paper is as follows: Section II
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  useful for the transfer of data because of its characteristics surveys previous works held on VLC and data transmission
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  like high-speed switching, low energy consumption, and through it. In section III, we have given a brief idea of VLC
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  environmentally friendly vision apart from IR based lights. based type of communication. In Section IV, we have ex-
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  Hence, this system gives an environment good audio and plained the challenges facing by VLC and how we overcame
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  video communication. The data transfer takes place through them. In Section V, we have a kind of light discussed sources
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  visible light that was generated by white LED’s that is used to be used for efficient data transfer. In Section VI, we have
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  for transmitting audio signals that are recorded through the explained the working mechanism of our proposed system. In
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  voice board to the speaker at the receiver. The receiver of Section VII, we have furnished the tabulations and results of
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  the system consists of a photo detector which collects the the work. In Section VIII, we have given a brief conclusion
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  data from the transmitter and sends it to the control unit to of the project. In Section IX, we have provided the future
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  recover back the transmitted input signal, and output was scope of the work we have done and how to implement them
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  checked at the speaker. with a basic idea.
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  In the proposed system, using white LED’s is the only
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  best method for transmitting the data. The system that works II. RELATED WORKS
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  under VLC has a light-producing source as a transmitter L. Feng et al. [3] Deals with the application of VLC in
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  at one end with light or photo detector as a receiver at 5G networks and significant challenges in optical Attocells
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  another end. Data is converted from an electrical type signal and their technical solutions. It was also given an idea
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  into a photo type signal at the transmitter end. LED’s are of communication mechanisms for up-link, down-link, and
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  built in such a way that to switch at faster rates to match backhaul. The paper further discusses the various challenges
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  the data. The data that needed to be transmitted will be that are involved in VLC down-link systems. The work also
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talks about different technologies like various modulation
schemes, multiple access, and error control schemes.
T. Komine et al. [5] Presents an indoor VLC system
which uses different white light emitting diodes (LED’s)
for transferring data. As the system uses various LED’s,
there is a problem of inter symbol interference (ISI). This
also provides an adaptive equalization technique to overcome
the intersymbol interference. The paper offers the reduce in
bit error rate (BER) and signal to noise ratio (SNR) with
the equalization technique implementation.The performance
of the adaptive equalizer is evaluated using the least mean
square (LMS) algorithm.The article shows that FIR equalizer
and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) was very active for
lower data rates such as 200 Mbits/s and more. When the data
rates become high and exceeding 900 Mbit/s, DFE influenced
mainly by the effect of Inter symbol interference (ISI). It also
discusses the impact of shadowing with multiple sources. It
also proves the system with the implementation of adaptive
equalization is reliable against shadowing and improve the
cloud so that it can handle more number of customers.
S. Wu anmerd et al. [9] Provides an overview of VLC
and implementation of VLC in mobile communications. The
paper discusses VLC two methods; one is fixed communica-
tion that uses VLC, and the other is cellular communication,
which was based on VLC. For VLC found reliable connec-
tions, it summarizes the present indoor VLC techniques and
other methods to overcome the ISI problem. This work also
gives an idea of the characteristics and challenges of the VLC
and various light sources that can be used in VLC.
Zeng, L et al. [10] presents a wireless optical communica-
tion The system that uses white LED’s. The paper proposes
a visible indoor light communication system model and
discusses the various transmitter and receiver and channel
used in it.T he also provides a simulation work which proves
the increased data transmission rate of the system with
equalization than a non-equalized system. The data rate can
be improved from 16Mb/s to 32Mb/s at a BER of 106 by
using this equalization technique.
O. Bouchet et al. [2] Presents a composition of various
available and future technologies like wireless RF resources
and optical wireless transmission technologies. The main ob-
jective of this paper is to get a non-wire technology by adding
the power line amplifiers (PLA) to the existing technologies.
The network was controlled by a new independent MAC
layer and provided the network connectivity and services to
any number of devices within any particular area.
III. VLC BASED COMMUNICATION
The VLC name itself tells it is communication through
visible light. The mechanism involved in it is data transfer
will be using visible light [4]. The VLC technique used in
this paper was Li-Fi [8], which was known as light fidelity.
The Li-Fi methods involve blinking LED’s did the data
transfer. The data was converted into the light energy in
such a way that the LED’s will flash in the form of data.
The photo diode is used to receiving the data and arranging
in the sequence of original data.
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IV. C HALLENGES OF VLC
VLC has many positive things though it has some chal-
lenges:
• The main disadvantage of VLC facing is a line of sight
problem. To have communication uninterrupted, both
transmitter and receiver should be in front of the sight.
This becomes a significant backlog for VLC.
• The other significant backlog is inter-symbol interfer-
ence. This drawback can be avoided by making utiliza-
tion of equalization techniques such as using decision
feedback equalizers [1].
• VLC was sensitive to solar and Artificial visible light
interference. This disadvantage made it settle for an
indoor environment only. This can be rectified highly
intensified light.
• Another common disadvantage is it can not be used for
mobility devices. This drawback can be eliminated by
using Diffused light.
V. T YPES OF LIGHT S OURCES
The light source in VLC acts as an antenna in RF-based
communications. More the first light emitting patterns more
the quality of data transmission. Most of the VLC systems
use LED’s as a light source as it was a diffused source so
that it can be not affected by external light sources [6].
Another advantage of using LEDs is they consume low
power. The light with little energy will lead to low signal
transmission; therefore, SNR decreases. To deal with the
brightness problem, we usually adopt two techniques one
is pulse width modulation and PWD [7]. VLC using LED’s
as a light source is very easy to implement and very cost
effective. Nowadays, most devices are Wi-Fi capable, and it
is difficult to connect with these devices.
VI. PROPOSED SYSTEM MECHANISM
A. Audio Transmission
The voice board is used to record the voice, which will
be useful in audio transmission. The APR9600 voice board
is used in the design, which has three significant buttons
to operate. The voice board transmission is of type record,
save and transmit. A mic is used to record the voice and
is connected to the voice board. The recorded audio was
transfer to the controller unit, which makes the analog data
int light energy. At the receiver side, the photo diode receives
the light energy and converts into analog data and sends to
the speaker network. The speaker is used for getting voice
output. The amplification process is done at the transmitter
side so that data can be noise free and can transfer to
long distances without any interrupts. The intensity of voice
depends on how much close the transmitter and receiver are
placed, closer they are the strength of sound more.
Figure 1 shows the transmitter part of the proposed system.
The main components of the transmitter are LED light, which
is used to produce the light to transfer the data. The voice
board record the audio through the speaker and sends using
the VLC. The UART part is there which connects with PC
 Fig. 2. Receiver circuit of proposed system

component is a speaker, which is used for audio output. The

UART port will be there which will be connected to PC using
USB Universal serial bus (USB).
VII. RESULTS
Fig. 1. Transmitter circuit of proposed system A. Audio transmission results
The audio and video transmission are checked under
using USB. The amplifier circuit is provided, which will various distances, and output is observed, as shown in Table
amplify the signal before transmitting, which will increase I.
SNR and eliminates noise. TABLE I
AUDIO INTENSITY UNDER VARYING DISTANCES
B. Video Transmission
The video transmission takes data from PC and transfers Distance(cm) Audio Intensity
the data using VLC. The PC(personal computer) is connected 125 Normal Intensity
to the controller unit using a universal asynchronous receiver 225 Normal Intensity
500 Less Intensity
transmitter (UART), which can change serial data into paral- 600 Very Less Intensity
lel data. This was transferred through VLC. At the receiver
side, this data was received and moved into the PC using
UART, which converts the parallel data into serial data. As shown in Table I, various distances produce the output
Figure 2 illustrates the receiver part of the system that was with different intensities. The distances are based on the
proposed. The receiver part mainly consists of a photo diode maximum intensity of the light source. The distance also
to receive the light signal and gather data from it. The other depends on the capability of the photo diode up to which

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it can detect the light. The path should be obstacle free and
both transmitter and receiver should be kept in Line of Sight.
The maximum distance, the output with good quality can be
observed 600cm. This range can be improved by increasing
the intensity of light. When it comes to video transmission,
the video can be transmitted without any interruption up to
1m. The data transmission speed of the system is 986 Kb/s.
This can be further improved by changing the control unit.
B. Video Transmission Results
The audio and video transmission checked under various
distances and output observed video transmission is has done
in PCs. The following productions are taken at the start of
communication and end of reception.ed, as shown in Table
I.
Fig. 3. Selecting the Video at Transmitter side
As shown in the Figure 3, the transmitter circuit was
connected to the PC/Desktop using the USB port and launch
transmitter application. The video is selected in the trans-
mitter application in which we browse and choose the data
to transmit by clicking on the send button to start the
transmission. For audio, the blinking of light will be there.
But, For video, as it was continuous data transmission is
required, we need the light to be in ON state continuously,
so we used a switch to change the state from blinking to
continuous states. So, we operate the switch accordingly. The
transmission will be completed when all the data bytes are
transferred.
As shown in the Figure 4, the data transfer will be ended
when, and data will be received. After receiving the data, the
video will be played on the receiver end. The receiver end
was connected to PC/Desktop using a USB port.
VIII. CONCLUSION
This paper provides a prototype for the transfer of audio
and video using Li-Fi. This paper also discusses the char-
acteristics of VLC and the main challenges and solutions to
overcome the problems. It also provides the type of light
sources that can be used for transmission. The experimental
results and mechanism of the proposed system are mentioned
in the paper. This paper also suggested various ways to
improve the quality of communication and to have better data
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Fig. 4. At Receiving End after the End of Transmission
rates. The proposed system tested under different distances
and tabulated the quality of output received.
IX. F UTURE S COPE
We can extend this work to have better quality and high
speed of nearly 100 MB/s, and This can make it possible
by replacing with high-performance controllers. We can also
extend this work to have the multi-directional transmission.
We can also extend this work in using in under ground
purposes with an proper setup.
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