Industrial Internet of

Things

Muhammad Maaz BEE 7A 02-133182-073

 Frequency Range 2.4 GHz. Ranging from 2400 to 2483.5 MHz.

Frequency Type It operates in the ISM band and uses short wavelength UHF
waves.
Modulation It uses a special binary frequency shift keying modulation
Techniques scheme called Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK). It is a
binary modulation scheme because each symbol represents
only one bit, with a value of either zero or one.
Data Rate It depends on standards. For Bluetooth 4.0, the data rate is up
to 25Mbps since it utilizes 802.11 networking standard.

Range Approximately 30 feet (10m). Maximum range depends on

obstacles and electromagnetic environment.

Communication Wireless communication using frequency-hopping spread

Type spectrum technology.

Muhammad Maaz BEE 7A 02-133182-073

 Frequency Range 13.56 MHz.
Frequency Type Radio Frequency
Modulation It usually employs 10% modulation with a Manchester
Techniques coding format. However for an active device transmitting
data, a modified Miller coding scheme is used with 100%
modulation. NRZ-L is also used.
Data Rate 106 - 424 kbit/s (varies with a distance)
Range 10cm or less.
Communication Wireless communication technology using RF field.
Type

Frequency Range 300 GHz to 430 THz

Frequency Type Infrared Waves
Modulation On-Off keying (OOK), Pulse Interval Modulation (PIM), Inter
Techniques Symbol Interference (ISI), Pulse Position Modulation (PPM).
Data Rate Serial infrared supports 300 to 115200 bps
Fast Infrared supports about 4 Mbps.
Range Approximately 10 to 30m.
Communication Wireless communication
Type

Muhammad Maaz BEE 7A 02-133182-073

 Frequency Range 2.4 GHz or 5GHz.
Frequency Type Radio Waves, 2.4 GHz UHF or 5 GHz SHF radio bands.
Modulation It uses a Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK), Quadrature-Phase
Techniques Shift Keying (QPSK) or one of the two levels of Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation (QAM) either 16 or 64.
Data Rate It depends on the protocols used. It ranges from 11 Mbit/s to
450 Mbit/s.
Range Approximately 150 feet to 300 feet in ideal conditions.
Communication Wireless communication
Type

Frequency Range 30 KHz to 3 GHz.

Frequency Type LF, HF and UHF.
Modulation Digital Modulation, On-Off Keying.
Techniques
Data Rate As high as 100 Mbit/s.
Range For LF RFID : 10cm
For HF RFID : 10 cm to 1 m
For UHF RFID : up to 100 m
Communication Wireless communication using radiowaves.
Type

Muhammad Maaz BEE 7A 02-133182-073

 Frequency Range 1013 to 1015 Hz.
Frequency Type It operates in the IR band of frequency spectrum.
Modulation Techniques Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM)
Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
Data Rate Up to 10 Gbps
Range 100 Mbit/s up to 2 km.
1 Gbit/s up to 1 km.
10 Gbit/s up to 550m.
Communication Type Wired communication, for large WAN.

Frequency Range 2.1 GHz

Frequency Type Ultra High Frequencies, Licensed Band.
Modulation Techniques Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Data Rate 144 kbps to 2 Mbps
Range 50 km to 150 km
Communication Type Point to Multipoint

Frequency Range 2.5 GHz

Frequency Type Ultra High Frequencies, Licensed Band.
Modulation Techniques Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
Data Rate 100 kbps to 1 Gbps
Range 50 km to 150 km
Communication Type Point to Multipoint

Muhammad Maaz BEE 7A 02-133182-073

 Frequency Range 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (USA)
Frequency Type Ultra High Frequencies, Unlicensed Band.
Modulation Techniques Ultra-narrow band modulation technique.
Data Rate 100 bps
Range 10 km (urban), 40 km (rural)
Communication Type Point to Multipoint

Frequency Range 868 MHz (Europe), 915 MHz (USA)

Frequency Type Ultra High Frequencies, Unlicensed Band.
Modulation Techniques Wireless Modulation Technique derived from Chirp Spread Spectrum
Technology.
Data Rate 50 kbps
Range 5 km (urban), 20 km (rural)
Communication Type Point to Multipoint

Frequency Range 915 MHz

Frequency Type Ultra High Frequencies, Unlicensed Band.
Modulation Techniques Differential Phase Shift Keying
Data Rate 150 kbps
Range <11 km
Communication Type Point to Multipoint

Muhammad Maaz BEE 7A 02-133182-073

 1. Devices will be fully automated.
2. Devices can be controlled remotely.
3. No bias, real-time data can be monitored.
4. Data acquisition/Surveillance made easy.
5. Requires less man power to operate.
6. Less intrusion of human and unhuman factors since network is dedicated
only for specific devices.

1. Lights
2. Fans
3. Projectors
4. Printers
5. Computers
6. Scanners
7. Fire Alarms
8. Security Cameras
9. Water Dispensers
10. Air conditioners

The aforementioned devices are extensively used in the New Engineering block.
Almost all the floors, classes and laboratories have many of these devices. To
connect the devices with each other and a main server to form a dedicated
network, we can use Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) technology. This technology is a best
choice to our problem statement due to the following reasons:

Muhammad Maaz BEE 7A 02-133182-073

Why Wi-Fi is the best choice?
 The covered area of engineering block is not in kilometers, it means that
any architecture which have a range of several meters can be utilized
easily.
 The end devices in our scenario will transfer large amounts of data, hence,
only a technology with good data rate can be utilized.
 There are so many end devices present in the building, hence an
architecture that is capable to cater large number of devices should be
utilized.
 There are many class rooms and laboratories which are under-construction,
hence a technology which is easy to scale should be utilized.
Wi-Fi comes with all these merits, also it is low cost so it can be a good choice.

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Muhammad Maaz BEE 7A 02-133182-073