Definition of Terms:

The following terms used in this study were conceptually and operationally

defined for clarity purposes.

Contaminated Water- This is water that has been physically altered or contains
chemicals or bacteria (Patil, Sawant & Deshmukh, 2012). Solar energy has the
potential to purify contaminated water.

Solar Panel- Solar panels are typically expected to be constructed to produce the
best output or yield possible (Maghami et al., 2016). Solar panels are made up of
solar (or photovoltaic) cells that can generate electricity via the photovoltaic effect.

Voltz- A "volt," also known as electromotive force, is a unit of electric potential

(Sermsri & Torasa, 2015). A unit of electrical force equal to the amount of
electromotive force required to flow a constant current of one ampere through a
resistance of one ohm.

Water Sediments- The material from a liquid that settles to the bottom (Lee, 2019).
In direct or open loop systems, water is directly heated through the solar collectors.

Thermal- The process of converting sunlight's radiant energy into heat, which can
then be used for space and hot water heating, industrial process heat, or power
generation (Garg, Mullick & Bhargara, 2012). The solar thermal energy gathered is
either utilised directly for desalination or transformed to electricity before being
utilised.

Photovoltaic- Exhibited by semiconducting materials used to convert light into

electricity (Parida, Iniyan & Goic, 2011). A solar panel's photovoltaic cells convert
sunlight into direct current power (DC). The DC electricity is then converted to
alternating current electricity (AC) via an inverter, and the electricity is then used,
supplied into the grid, or stored in a battery.

References:

Garg, H. P., Mullick, S. C., & Bhargava, V. K. (2012). Solar thermal energy storage.
Springer Science & Business Media.

Lee, Y. M., Lee, J. E., Choe, W., Kim, T., Lee, J. Y., Kho, Y., ... & Zoh, K. D. (2019).
Distribution of phthalate esters in air, water, sediments, and fish in the Asan Lake of
Korea. Environment international, 126, 635-643.
Maghami, M. R., Hizam, H., Gomes, C., Radzi, M. A., Rezadad, M. I., &
Hajighorbani, S. (2016). Power loss due to soiling on solar panel: A review.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 59, 1307-1316.

Parida, B., Iniyan, S., & Goic, R. (2011). A review of solar photovoltaic technologies.
Renewable and sustainable energy reviews, 15(3), 1625-1636.

Patil, P. N., Sawant, D. V., & Deshmukh, R. N. (2012). Physico-chemical parameters

for testing of water–A review. International journal of environmental sciences, 3(3),
1194-1207.

Sermsri, N., & Torasa, C. (2015). Solar energy-based insect pest trap. Procedia-
Social and Behavioral Sciences, 197, 2548-2553.