COMPLETE WORKING PLANS FOR 3 TESTED MODEL AIRPLANES

-·" IN T H IS ISSU E: ''

Complete J^.O. W. Hydroplane Plans

Quarter-M ile “ What-ls-lt?” Plans

B,F. W .Aii^c^Qerman) Low-W ing

^ Monoplane Plans ^

AUGUST, 1931
AND J U N I O R M ECHAN ICS

A n Im p ressio n of a B u rg ess-D u n n e T ailless S eap lan e S p o ttin g S u b m a rin e s (A b o u t 1 9 1 5 )

 W orlcFs Scale M odel R ecord H o ld er
B uild T his Fam ou s W o rld W a r P lan e
T H E S. E. 5 “A”
24" Wingspan
The construction set for this
plane contains all the necessary
parts and material: ribs cut, fo r­
mers made, celluloid wheels, full
size layout exact scale blue prints and instructions. All wood parts are of feather weight
BALSA. The S. E. 5 "A ” is easy to construct and is by far the best flying scale model that can
be built, holding the present record of 48 seconds. The S. E. 5 ”A ” has a gliding angle of 12
to 1, a ceiling of 60 feet— nothing like it has yet been produced in kit sets.
The S. E. 5 "A ” is the plane that won for the Royal Flying Corps the supremacy of the air in
the W orld W ar.
P R IC E F O R K IT $3.00, postpaid.

G A M ECO CK
R. O. G.
B lue P r in ts ! HAW K
W ORLD W AR PL A N E S
Front Official Drawings— Exact Scale. S o arin g G lider
Bristol Scout .....................................................$0.25
Fokker D7 ............................................................... 25
S.E.5.A. (English) ...............................................25
Pfalz Scout ((ierttian) ......................................... 25
Spad 220 ................................................................. 25
Curtiss Jenny UN 4) ........................................... 25
Pokker Triplane ...................................................... 25
Sopu'ltll Camel ...................................................... 25
Ansaldo S.V.A. (Ita lia r1 ......................................25
Sopwlth Gun Bus (1015) ....................................25

T R O P H Y W IN N E R S
Curtiss Barer 118C-2 ............................................ 10
Curtiss Kačer RI5C-1 ............................................ 10

Build this all Balsa K. O. G. Kasy to build, 24" F L Y IN G D RA W IN G S

easy to fly. Kit. set contains all parts cut to
size and shape ready to assemble, Long (lights Curtiss llawk P C ................................................... 10
and high altitudes are Its flying specialties. Has Curtiss Hawk P 5 A ................ 40
gained heights of inn feet repeatedly. S.E.5.A........................................................................ 40
P R IC E OF K IT S0.75 Vaught Corsair .................................................................. 40
Postpaid. Hawkers Fury .........................................................Ill
This 21" glider ran lie assembled in 5 minutes.
All parts are of balsa rut to size and shape-
H O R N IE R DO-X 24" N O N -F L Y IN G There are T W O complete glider sets In each kit.
Has recorded flight <>f one minute.
Sikorskl ...................................................................25
Ford Trimotor .................... .. .................... 40 P R IC E FOR K IT $0.75
Stinson Detroiter .................................................. 40 Postpaid.

S P E C IA L S CA LE P R IN T S
• (All 10" Wingspan) FREE
"iili each order of $1.00, 20 pictures of old
Two tilans on one blueprint war plains. WT» do not send t *.<>.!>. orders.
Curtiss Hawk P.lt.A.
A Travel Air "Mystery Ship” ............. $0.25
Curtiss Hawk I’.ll. X Boeing Pursuit..............25
Boeing Model 80.A and Curtiss Candor...........25
Sikorsky S.5S »V Boeing Model 2(H....... . .25
Supcrmitrine Napier «V Mercury Racer...............25
Wallace Touro Plane A Inland Sport Plane. 25
Keystone Bomber & Hall Aluminum Patrol .25 Brings you a complete Illustrated booklet con­
taining all models shown above and other latest
EXTRA S P E C IA L S C A L E P R IN T S model airplanes, and model airplane supplies.
Three plans on one blueprint. Full description ·.!' materials and equipment
"Avcro Trainer.” Bristol "Bulldog" Fighter needed for each model. Every model is designed
" full size sheets of blueprints to build the and Cicrva Autoglro ............................ $0.25 to tty when made according .to our simplliied
above DO-X $1.50. All blueprints sent postpaid. plans of construction. Don't SaiUlto send for it.'

H A W K MODEL AEROPLANES
4944 IRVING PARK BLVD., DEPT. R4 CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U. S. A.
 MODEL AIRPLANE NEWS i

LEADING T H E FIELD
//
3 HOUR SUPPLY SERVICE"
S C IE N T IF IC BALSA 46 X J6756 ■ .
X .02 % X VA X 11 ........ 06 B A N A N A O IL
Scientific B alsa W ood is th e lig h te s t and Ά χ X 6 . .
χ .OVA X X VA X 12 . . . .06 2 oz. ho t.......................
Ά X 465 . ..
X .02 Zt X v a X 12 . . . .07
b e st B alsa grow n an d is im ported from
56 X 466 . ..
X .02 1 X m X 12 . . . .08 1 Pt.....................
S outh A m erica. M odel aeroplane ex p erts
a t e v ery c o m e r of the globe have used our 46 X 1 X 7 . . .02 1 X VA X 13 . . . .09 C E L L U L O ID W H E E L S
B alsa for both th e ir flying an d scale m odels. X X i X 8 . .. .02J6 Ys X VA X 14 . . . .09
% X 9/8 X 10 . .. .03 X X m X 16 ......... 12 L ig h te s t and stro n g e st w heels for model a e ro ­
S cientific B alsa W ood is K iln D rie d -s tra it planes.
grain ed stock, especially p re p a re d a n d c u t to PLA N K BALSA I-Hj diam . pr. .....................................................10
convenient usable sizes. 36" lengths 156 diam . p r.....................................................15
36" strip s 146- . .22 2 x 3 .......... ............... 60 3 diam . p r .....................................................30
1/16x1/16 .............................
1/16x3/32 ..............................
.01 6 for 05
6 for 05
2 . . .27 2 X 6 .......... ...............90
3 . . .35 3 x 3 .......... .......... 1.15 A L U M IN U M T U B IN G
1/1 6 x 1 /8 ..............................
1/16x3/16 .............................. .01
6 for 05
6 for 05
6 . . .60 3 x 6 ........... ..........2.20 Ά o u tside diam . per f t................................................07
1 /1 6 x 1 /4 ............................ .01 6 for .05 BAM BOO 3/16 o u tsid e diam . p e r ft..............................................10
1 /1 6 x 3 /8 .02 6 for02 .10 56 o u tside diam . per ft................................................ 13
3-knot bamboo.
.02*6 7 for .15
1 /1 6 x 1 /2 .......................................02' 1/16 X 56 X 12 long ............... 01
1/16 X 3/4 ........................................03 .03 8 for .20 P e r dozen ........... W A SH E R S
1/16 X 1 8 for .20 1/8 j a r 'light indoormodels, perdozen............................ 01Ho
3/32 X 3/32 6 for .05 T A K IN G T H E C O U N T R Y B Y S T O R M per gross...............................................................15c
3/32 X 1/8 .......................................01 .01 6 for .05 1/1 jar outdoor models, per dozen................................. 01Ho
5/32 X 1/4 .02 6 for .10 per gross............................................................. 15c
3/32 X 1 8 for .20
1/8 X 1/8 6 for .05 S H E E T A L U M IN U M
1/8 X 5/32 6 for .05 12" w ide .005 p e r f t...............................................13
1/8 X 3/16 .......................................0156 OVA 6 for .05 .010 p e r f t............................................... 20
1/8 X 1/4 . .02 6 for .05
1/8 X 5/16 . 6 for .10 T H R U S T B E A R IN G S
1/8 X 3/8 . .02 6 for .10 V ery light.
1/8 X 1/2 . .0256 6 for .10 L a rg e size .035 hole e a c h .........02—per doz.
1/8 X 3/4 . . .03 8 for .20 S m all size .025 hole e a c h .........02—per doz.
1/8 X 1 .04 8 for .25
1/8 X 1 1/2. .05 8 for .25
1/8 X 1 1/4 .04 8 for .25 S C IE N T IF IC “E X P E R T ” R U B B ER
1/8 X 1 3/4. .07 4 for .15 S cientifically p re p a re d by th e w orld’s la rg e st
5/32 X 5/32 . . .02 6 for .10 m a n u fa c tu re r of model aeroplane rubber.
3/16x3/16 . 11 for .15 LO C K HE E D SIRIUS— CONSTRUCTION K IT F o u r sizes.
3/16 X 1/4 . .02 6 for02 .10 IS" Wing Spread. .045 sq ....................... 4 ft. for .01 225 ft. skeins .50
3/16x5/16 ....................................... . .02 02 6 for .10 Contents of K it : All wood parts cut to size. All wire 3/32 fla t ................. 3 ft. for .01 225 ft. skeins .70
. .02 6 for02 .10 ' parts formed. Tube of cement, rubber motor, true pitch l.S flat ....................3 ft. for .01 225 ft. skeins .70
3/16 X 3/8 propeller block, tissue, and full size plan,
3/16x7/16 .......................... 803for .20 l ’acked in an attractive box. 3.16 fla t ................. 2 ft. lo r .01 225 ft. skeins 1.00
3/16 X 1/2 . .03 8 for .20 Postpaid.$1.00
3 /1 6 x 3 /4 . .04 4 for04 .15 D U M M Y R A D IA L E N G IN E S
3/16 X 1 5 for .20 JA P A N E S E SU PE R F IN E T ISSU E 9 cylinder dum m y w hirlw ind m otors m ade of
1/4 X 3/16 8 for .20 celluloid 3" in diam . and v e ry light e a c h ......... ^33
Extra .Super Flue Tissue. Used by expert model
1/4 X 1/4 .02 6 for .10 builders all over the country. Streamline Pants takes any wheel from 1" to
1/4 X 5/16 . .03 8 for .20 Sheet 18x21 ......................................... OS diam. In perfect proportion with our N.A.C.A. cowl­
1/4 X 3/8 8 for .20 ings. Price pr. $ .30.
1/4 X 1/2 . 8 for. 25 Y O S H IN O SILK T ISSU E N.A.C.A. Cowlings (black celluloid), each............... 23c
1/4 X 3/4 5 for .20 A new tissue.
1/4 X 1 . .05 6 for .25 Sheet 18x24 ........................................... 07 M U SIC W IR E
5/16 X 5/16 8 for .25 JA P A N E S E T ISSU E S tro n g , light, used by e very model builder.
3/8 X 3/8 6 for .25 For the commercial ship. Sizes: .014, .020, .028, .034; 15 it. for .05.
3/8 X 7/16 6 for .25 Sheet 2054x211b ....................................05
3/8 X 1/2 . .05 6 for .25 PL A N S
3/8 X 3/4 5 for .30 SCA LE M O D EL T ISSU E We carry a full lino of plans for model aeroplanes.
3/8 X 1 .. .08 4 for .30 For models that aro to be covered with colored dopes. 10c each; 3 for 35c.
7/1 6 x 7 /1 6 5 for .30 Sheet 21x25 ............................ 2 for .05 Fokker Amphibian. Lockheed Vega. S. E. 5 British
4 for .30 Pursuit Plane. Stinson City of Chicago. Rocket Plane.
3/8 X 1 JA P A N E S E T ISSU E Capt. Hawks Mystery Ship. Fokker Triplant·. Many
1/2 X 1/2 .. .07 3 for .20 more are to be added to this list.
.. .10 3 for .25 Sheet 1954x2154 ................................ 01
1/2 X 5/8 Wo also have the complete lino of A.M.L.A. Soalo
1/2 X 3/8 .. .10 3 for .25 Reinforced Heavy Duty W inders Model plans. Each drawing Is approximately 34"xll".
1/2 X 3/4 .. .10 3 for .25 Each ..................................................... 35 Boeing P-12 P ursuit.. .20 Stinson Lycoming ........... 20
.. .09 3 for .25 Youglit Corsair ............ 20 Waco Taper Wing.............20
1/2 x l C LE A R D O PE Fokker F-10 ..................20 Lockheed Sirius ...............20
1 X1 ........... .. .17 2 for .30
5 for251.00 T h is is genuine model aeroplane e xperts dope Lockheed Vega ...............20
5/8 X 3/8 .. .25 thin n ed down to m eet the req u irem en ts of model Add 5c when ordering separately.
40" strip s airp lan e usage.
1/16 X 1/16 5 for .07 Featherw eight Com pressed A ir Motors
.. .02 6 for02 .10 2 oz. b t..................................................................................10
1/8 X 1/8 P e r p t....................................................................................75 Finished tank 3"x3"x20" with 3 cylinder motor
1/8 X 3/8 .. .03 8 for .20 mounted. Tested ready for use, $7.25 complete.
1/8 X 1/2 8 for .20 C O L O R E D D O PE Tanks for all model airplanes. 3x3x20" price, $1.00:
1/8 X 3/4 .. .04 4 for .15 R eal pigm ented a irc ra ft dope. Do not confuse 3x3x24", $1.50: 3x3x30". $5.00.
.. .05 6 for .25 America's lowest prb e for a knockdown motor kit. all
1/8x1 this w ith dopes of inferior q u ality. C olors: I n te r ­ pans are ready to he assembled. They are drilled,
3/16 X 3/8 .. .03 8 for03 .20 n atio n al O range, G alatea O range, F okker R ed, formed and shaped to correct slze. 1 set complete $.99.
3/16 X 1/2 .. .04 4 for .15 S p a rta n G reen, Silver, Loening Yellow, C u rtiss
1/4 X 1/4 .. .04 4 for .15 B lue, B lack, W h ite. 2 oz. b t......................................10 IM PORTANT, O R D E R IN G IN STR U CTIO N S
3/16 X 1/2 .. .04 4 for .15 1 p t.......................................................... 75
.. .04 4 for .15 Orders will absolutely not bo fillod unless you comply
1/4 X 1/4 with instructions below.
1/2 X 1/2 .. .09 3 for .25 S C IE N T IF IC D O PE T H IN N E R 1— Orders under $.25 will not bo accepted.
2 oz............: ............................................08 2— Add $.15 for packing and postage oil orders up to
S H E E T BALSA 1 p t .......................................................... 45 $1.50.
36" le n g th s On orders of $1.51 and over add 10 per cont for pack­
1/32 X 2" .05 ACETONE ing and postago charges.
3— Add 10c extra to above charges on balsa blank
1/20x2" ....................................06
.06
To th in o u t yo u r h eavier liquids. orders less than $1.50 west of the Mississippi.
1 /1 6 x 2 " 2 o z...........................................................03 Canadian Charges.
1/16 X 3" .09 1 p t .......................................................... 45 Add 25o for packing and postage on orders up to
1/8 X 2" .07 $1.50. On orders of $1.50 and over add 15 per cent
1/8 X 3" 104Í A M B RO ID packing and ixistagc.
3/16 X 2" 09 G enuine A m broid m an u factu red by th e w orld’s 1—Postage stamps. Canadian or Foreign Coin not ac­
la rg e st m ak ers of am broid. U sed exclusively by cepted as payment.
3 /1 6 x 3 " ................................................................... 13 5—Remit by check, postal or express money order.
1/4 X 2" .................................................................................................. 11 th e b e st m odel builders. Make payment to Scientific Model Airplane Co..
1/4 X 3" .16 2 oz........................................................... 15 221-226 Bergen Street. Newark, N. .T.
3/8 X 2" .19, 1 p t .................................................... 1.10 G—Each and every article purchased from us 13 guar­
3/8 X 3" .28 anteed to be of the highest standard.
C O L O R L E SS C E M E N T 7—All orders will ba shipped 3 hours aftor receiving
P R O P E L L E R BLOCKS A t la st colorless cem ent th a t is all it should them.
X X 56 X 5 .. .01*6 X x 156 X 8 . . . .03 be. U sed by e xperts a t D etroit. S—Orders amounting to $1.00 and over aro sent post­
paid.
46 X 46 X 6 .. .01 4a X VA X 10 . . . .05 2 oz...........................................................15 Send 2o stamp fer latest summer catalog containing
X X 46 X 756·· .02 ja X l J i X 11 . . . .04 1 p t.................................................... 1.10 world’s lowest model aoroplano prices.

SCIENTIFIC MODEL AIRPLANE CO., 224-226 Bergen St., Newark, N. J .

D E A L E R S A N D C L U B S W R IT E FO R S P E C IA L P R IC E L IS T .
 _j 1 .L.jjj· ■
ä c ^ is M y

Vol, V N o. 2
AND J U N I O R M E C H A N IC S
Published, by Harold Hersey
Edited by Capt. H. J. LoftuS'Price

In Our Next Issue;

CONTENT/
AUGUST, 1931
A Diagramatic Impression of the Junkers G-38
Ball, of Great Britain
A W ord Picture of the "Red Spinner” Daredevil
The Airplane Engine (Chapter 3)
By Lt. (jg) Η. B. Miller
Carburetor, Fuels and Fuel Systems
How You Learn to Glide By C. B. Colby
Modern Schools Use Step'by'Step Methods
The Quarter-Mile “W hat'Is'It?” By Dick Cole
A n R .O .G .— Tractor— Commercial Model
The American Sky Cadets
"Flews Flashes from Model Airplane Tournaments
Special Course in Aerial Radio (Chapter 3)
By Capt. Leslie S. Potter
Direct Current Generator and Electric Motor
Boelke, of Germany By Colin James
A Brief S \etch of von Richthofen’s “blaster”
The B.F.W.-M23c Low-Wing Monoplane
By Prof. T. N. de Bobrovsky
A Stable Flyer Scaled Down from the Original
A Course in Airplane Designing By Ken Sinclair
Types of Airplanes
The Ott Hydro Model
By J. S. Ott and Lieut. H. A. Reynolds
A n R .O .W . with Great Performance
The Boeing P-12B and the Vought Corsair
Aviation Advisory Board
German Albatros—Three-View Layout
Actual Dimensions of this Famous Fighter
Pardon us, please, if we become
slightly hysterical about a great sur­
prise we have for you in our next
issue, b u t -------
The surprise involves our givihg
away something you have all dreamed
By L. Elsen about for years.
W hat is it? you ask.
Oh, just a 10-hours Flying Course,
a complete Ground Course, and. a
200 miles Cross-Country Flight with
none other than the world-famcjus
“Casey” Jones as your host-pilot!!!
Notice the nonchalance with which
11 we endeavored to put that over? \
Leťs repeat it, to impress you a
little: j
15
F R E E ! !
A 10-hours Flying Course.
A complete Ground Course.;
17 A 200 miles Gross-country
Flight.
20 N aturally we're not going to dish those
delicacies out without some help on your
part. However, your end of the game
consists only o f a little brain-work and
about five minutes time each evening for
21 a week or so.
W e’d like to give you all the details
now, but that would spoil the fun. 'So
30 take a good tip and order your September
issue of M odel A irplane N ews N O W .
On all news stands A ugust 21 next, a!nd
only 15 cents a copy. O rder it now,
31 otherwise we can’t help it if you lose this
great opportunity.
P. S.— A part from this great surprise
34 the magazine contains its usual high
standard of articles, courses and plans, etc.
35
37

P u b lish edM onthly by G O O D ST O R Y M A G A Z IN E C O M PA N Y , TXC., M yrick B ldg., Springfield, M ass.

E d ito rial and G eneral Offices, 570 S eventh A venue, New Y ork City
H aro ld Iie rs c y , P resid e n t P au lin e S andberg, T re a s u re r F ra n k M oran, S ecretary
J. W . L cB aro n , A d v ertising M anager. 570 Seventh A venue, New Y ork, N. Y.
E n tered as second-class m a tte r Ju n e 5, 1929, a t the P ost Office a t Springfield, M ass., under the A ct of M arch, 3, 1879.
C o p y rig h t, 1931, by GOOD ST O R Y M A G A Z IN E C O M PA N Y , IN C .
P rice 15c a copy in U . S. and in C anada. Subscription price $1.50 a y e a r in the U nited S ta te s and its possessions; also C anada,
Cuba, Mexico and P an am a.
All o th er countries $2.00 per y e ar.
Chicago A d v e rtisin g Office: 333 N orth M ichigan A ve., C. H . S h a ttu c k , M anager.
London A g e n ts: A tla s P u b lishing & D istrib u tin g Co., L td ., 18 B ride Lane, London, E. C.
Contributors are especially advised to be sure to retain copies of their contributions, otherwise they are taking unnecessary risk. Every possible effort will hr made in our
organization to return unavailable manuscripts, photographs and drawings, (if accompanied by postage), but we will not be responsible for any Ion of such matter contributed.
 MODEL AIRPLANE NEWS 3

You CAN DEPEND UPON ID E A L FOR A SQUARE DEAL!

Three Models
for the
Price ofOne!
The ID E A L T ravelair M ystery Plane
15 inch Wing Span

B u i l d The s e Wo n d e r f u l
ID E A L M ODELS
the very latest idea in a big, more-for-the-
e r e ’s

H money Construction Kit. Instead of putting

these three dandy Models in separate sets, and
charging at least a dollar each for them, we have put
all three in one giant Kit so you can build all of them
at once and have a heap of fun flying them in com­
The ID E A L Boeing Biplane
15 inch Wing Span
petition. You save the extra cost of separate Kits
and can build three Models this way for less than half
what they would cost individually.
Here’s what you get—a great big Construction Kit
containing everything needed to build all three Models
— Balsa, Bamboo, Jap Tissue, Stamped Ribs, Finest
Rubber, Finished Wire Parts, choice of two types of
The ID E A L A rm y Falcon Biplane
Propeller for each Model, large tube cement, dope,
15 inch W ing Span etc., also Full Size Drawing and Complete Instruc­
tions for each Model. Everything Complete and ready
Every M odel Builder wants to con­ for you to get to work the minute you get your K it!!
struct and fly these popular ships, and
here is your opportunity to do it at a
cost never before possible. You can
build them easily; fu ll size Plans with
detailed instructions are furnished for
each M odel and everything required is
Plans and
included in the K it!
This neiv ID E A L 3-úi-l Combination Materials for
Kit is the newest idea for M odel B uild­
ers— get yours nozv and have three
M odels for the price of one! Three Models
BY M A IL 15c E X T R A
1 .50
Be the first to get this Big, ID E A L Three-in-O ne Construction Kit. H ere’s a whole sum m er of
fun w ith three of the finest Models you ever saw. Send your order right away; we will
deliver upon receipt of price.

IDEAL AEROPLANE & SUPPLY CO., Inc.

The Most Reliable N am e in Model Airplanes fo r 21) Years

2 0 - 2 4 W est 1 9 th Street, New Y ork City

Send Canadian M ail Orders to— C anadian M odel A ircraft, 47 Hawarden A venue, M ontreal
(C anadian Prices are 4 0 % Higher to Cover Customs D uty)
 A diagrainatic im pression o f th e g ia n t G erm an Junkers G-38 four-engined monoplane? showing how passengers, freight,
fuel, etc., are carried during flight. T h e G-38 is th e largest landplane in th e world to d ay . T h e wingspan is 144 f t . 4 in .;
length 75 f t . 6 in .; an d height 21 f t . 4 in . Speed 133 miles an hour.

4
 “RED SPINNER”

A . . . a young, short
Englishman w i t h
longish black hair and eyes
like a hawk . . . an impetu­
not broken out when it did.
When the call for volun-
teers came, Ball was only
seventeen years of age but
immediately enlisted as a
ous manner of attack that private in the Sherwood For'
carried all before it . . . all esters. Soon after he be'
these spelled disaster for came a non-commissioned
many a German flyer in the officer in the Nottingham-
trying days of 1915 and shire and Derbyshire Regi­
1916 during the World War. ment. He was destined not
For to come upon an S.E. to fight in the trenches, how­
5a numbered 8898, with ever, for it was while in
propeller boss painted red, training as an infantryman
meant only one thing to a that he took the step which
German pilot—that Albert led to his aerial career.
Ball, V.C., D.S.O., M.C.,
and recipient of many other EVERAL miles from his
British and foreign decora­
tions, was roaming the skies
S camp was the Hendon
Airdrome, and Ball’s love for
for prey, and that one’s best mechanics drew him to it
skill and wits were to be despite the distance. In or­
matched in the fierce battle der to be back at 6 a.m. for
that was sure to follow. parade, he would rise at 3
It is interesting to note a.m., make the trip to the
how varied were the methods airdrome by motorcycle and
of warfare employed by the spend what time he could
greatest flyers on both sides puttering around the han­
in the last war. von Richt­ gars. It was only after a
hofen, German ace of aces, while that the desire to fly
resorted to an ingenious came, and he then began to
trick. Sending out several take flying lessons at his own
members of his ”Flying Cir­ expense.
cus” as decoys, he would ap­ He took to flying from the
pear on the scene when the first. In this he was unlike
enemy pilot was engaged in C apt. A lbert Ball, V. C., D . S. O., M .C .
von Richthofen, who crashed
fighting off his men, and on his first solo flight and
then von Richthofen himself
would quickly dispatch the
plane.
B a ll, o f G r e a t only became the great flyer
he was by sheer tenacity and
will power. Ball's thorough
Max Immelmann, his fam­ knowledge of mechanics was
ous countryman and inven­
tor of the turn named after
him, a maneuver which al­
B rita in to be of great aid, an asset
which most pilots of that
time did not possess.
lowed the pilot to reverse his When he was barely
direction and gain altitude By L. ELSEN eighteen, he obtained his
at the same time, was an­ pilot's certificate on a Caud-
other crafty strategist. He ron machine at the Ruffy-
would set out on cloudy days, of Beaumann School at Hendon, and
which there were many in France, (<It was a good fight immediately applied for transfer
hide up in the clouds, and wait. Then to the Royal Flying Corps. Then
when a foe appeared, he would pop and the Huns were he was sent to France and as­
out in his speedy machine and set signed to patrolling and spotting for
upon the surprised pilot. Much fiery fine sports . . . but the artillery. Nevertheless, he was
action would follow, and more times waiting and watching for a fight at
than not the enemy was routed, if I do get tired of all times, despite the fact that he
not worse. knew the limitations of the cumber­
always living some and slow machine he had.
LBERT BALL, England's pre­ From the first he became distinguish­
mier fighting airman of his day,
to kill” ed for his skillful piloting and cour-
had a method which, curiously age.
enough, owed its success to the fact that it really was not Always the careful mechanic, he would spend all his
a method. His secret of success was his dash in attack, his spare moments on the ground in the hangar, verifying his
absolute fearlessness, and extraordinary judgment. He instruments, his motor, and every other detail. Once in
would often throw himself recklessly into the midst of a the air with a perfectly tuned machine, he threw caution
compact enemy formation with great feiOCity and abandon, to the winds but not before. He was sensible enough to
and by his daring and the enemy’s fear of collision, carry know that the lives of himself and his observer depended
the tide of the battle. on the condition of his machine.
Such description would tend to create the impression At last he brought down his first machine and one vic­
that Ball was a seasoned veteran who had learned by tory after another followed. His fame spread. All eyes
experience that the best way is the simple way. Hardly! were then on the Nieuport single-seater fighter which had
Like so many flyers of that time, he was only a youngster been produced by the Allies, and Ball petitioned for one.
who very likely would have been at school if the war had He longed to be alone in the ( Continued on payc 38)

5
 Y FAR the most obnoxious load to be carried by

B an airplane is that of fuel. It is not only bulky,

but it is heavy. It weighs approximately 6.5
pounds per gallon. If a plane is to operate on a long
run, its fuel supply must be proportionately increased.
As the fuel load expands, the amount of payload such as
mail or passengers decreases.
It is for this reason that the transport planes on
scheduled trips make comparatively short hops. It is
more economical to carry a greater payload even though
it requires the pilot to land and refuel more often.
More economical engines would, of course, require a
smaller supply of fuel. The aeronautical industry is
making every endeavor in this direction. The greater
economy of the Diesel-Packard engine has led to its adop'
tion in many planes. Better yet, the discovery of some
new, concentrated fuel would solve this problem of fuel·
loads.
It is not beyond the realm of possibility that the future
will produce a method for transmitting electric power by
means of radio. If this could be done, the propellers
of an airplane could be turned by an electric motor which
received its energy from some hydroelectric plant on
the ground. In this case the third of a plane's load
capacity which now is occupied by fuel could be used
for transporting a revenue-producing load of mail, ex-
press, or passengers.
In the meantime, however, it is necessary to design
airplanes and their engines to use a liquid fuel which
can be vaporized and then burned within the engine
cylinders. The most simple method of constructing this
system is to take advantage of the force of gravity. In
this type of fuel system the gasoline tanks are placed
well above the carburetor or vaporizing device. As the
fuel is drawn from the carburetor and burned it is re-
placed by the main supply which is stored at this higher T his contrivance heats incoming air to carburetor and aids in
vaporizing m ixture
point. Thus the fuel supply is not dependent on mechan-
ical parts which are subject to failure.
The location of the tank will depend on the dimensions
of the plane. It is desirable, of course, to inclose all
tanks either inside of the fuselage or within the wing in
order to streamline the plane as much as possible. In
T h e A irp la n e
the gravity fuel system the tank is generally situated in'
side the upper wing. The tank is of a long, flat shape
and is usually enclosed in the wing before it is covered
E n gin e
with fabric. This streamlines the planes, and, in addl·
tion, because of the greatest possible difference in level,
delivers the highest fuel pressure available to the carbure- By Lt. (jg) Η. B. Miller
tor. This will insure a constant supply of gasoline to the (Chapter 3)
engine.
If this system is used on a training plane, the wing
tanks are often mounted just below the upper wing in order that they arc readily accessible for inspection or
repair. In any event it is seen that a great volume of fuel
could not be carried in the wing of a plane. Consc'
L ie u t. M ille r , th e a u th o r o f th is quently, this system is used only in comparatively short'
serie s, in h is o w n w o rd s: “ W as range planes, such as sport or training ships.
g r a d u a te d U. S . N a v a l A c a d e m y
1924. W e n t to b a ttle fle e t fla g s h ip
The air-pressure type of fuel system was greatly used
U. S . S . C alifornia fo r 18 m o n th s . during the war and post war periods. Here the fuel
R e c e iv e d a v ia tio n tr a in in g a t P e n ­ tanks were mounted within the fuselage at approximately
sa co la d u r in g 1926. F lew 18 the same level as the carburetor. Consequently, it was
m o n th s in O b s e r v a tio n
S q u a d r o n a b o a r d U. S . S. necessary to force the gasoline to the engine. A small
W est V irginia. S p e n t n e x t air pump was mounted so that it maintained an air pres-
18 m o n t h s a s E n g in e e r in g sure of several pounds within the tank on top of the
O ffic e r o f F i g h tin g P la n e
S q u a d r o n T w o a b o a r d U .S.S.
liquid fuel. The constant air pressure naturally forced
L angley a n d U .S .S . Saratoga. the fuel through the system.
F lig h t I n s tr u c to r a t P e n sa - While this type of fuel supply gave satisfactory operat­
c o la d u r in g 1930. N ow ing results, it proved costly in event of a crash. The air
C h ie f I n s t r u c t o r ,
P o w er P la n t D iv i­ pressure invariably forced raw gasoline from the system
s io n , G r o u n d S c h o o l, and fires frequently resulted. This type of installation
U. S . N a v a l A ir S t a ­ is now forbidden except in very special cases.
tio n , P e n sa co la , F lo r­
id a ."
Vacuum systems as used on automobiles are not per­
missible in aviation because of the possible heights at
The A uthor which a plane might operate. Since the density of the
air decreases with altitude, it would be possible to reach
6

____
 THE AIRPLAHE
a point where there was insufficient atmospheric pressure
to provide the engine with fuel. In addition, since an
airplane engine operates almost continuously at nearly
full power, there is very little, if any, negative manifold
pressure to draw fuel into the vacuum tank.
It thus becomes necessary to provide some positive
method of supplying the engine with fuel. The pressure
pump system is in general use today in practically every
type of plane. Here the fuel may be on the same level
as the engine or it may even be lower than the carburetor.
The positive nature of the pressure pump permits all the
fuel to be carried within the fuselage for it does not need
the force of gravity.
GEAR pump is generally mounted within the ac-
A cessory section of the engine. This pump draws the
fuel from the lowest point of the tank and sends it to
the carburetor at a pressure of approximately five pounds.
A combination of these systems is sometimes used when
the fuel tanks are located at a great distance from the
engine level. In this case it would be doubtful if the
engine-driven fuel pumps could lift the gasoline so high.
Accordingly, a separate pump which is actuated by a
wind-driven propeller is provided. This pump forces the
fuel to a small gravity tank in the upper wing from
whence it flows direct to the engine.
This system is in favor in large trans­
port or patrol type of planes.
Regardless of the fuel system
adopted, every effort is made to lo- .
cate the tanks as nearly as possible to
the center of gravity of the plane.
Otherwise, as the fuel is consumed
the plane would become unbalanced.
Nor may the fire hasard be disre­
garded. As instrument-flying and
more reliable engines come into use,
flying will become safer. The fire
hasard exists, however, so long as a
volatile fuel such as gasoline is used
for combustion. As a protection a
fire wall of metal sheeting is built to
separate the engine from the fuel
tank. Any piping which pierces this
wall must run through a fire-tight
gasket.
Some tanks are rubber-coated. If
the tank should leak, the rubber
would expand and close the opening.
This scheme was first placed into use
during the war in an effort to prevent
ETiGIHE 7
leaks due to
machine g u n
bullets.
Practically all
planes are now
fitted with some
form of a fire
extinguis he r.
They are of the
carbon t e t r a-
chloride type.
T h e spraying
is d o n e by
means of com­
p ressed a i r. Showing th e wing gravity ta n k
Piping leads the
extinguishing fluid to many critical points of the engine
such as the carburetor. A valve operated by the pilot
controls the use of this device.
Fuel tanks can be made from a number of different
metals. Aluminum provides a minimum of weight but is
subject to corrosion. Its alloy, duralumin, also is light
of weight, but it is difficult to weld and shape. Brass,
while not so light, is sturdy and can be worked by a
variety of treatments. It is the material most in favor at
the present time, though soldered
duralumin is being used to some ex­
tent.
Annealed seamless copper tubing
is used to convey the gasoline from
the tank to the carburetor. It must
be well protected from vibration, or
it will harden and crack and result
in an increased fire hazard. Its in­
side diameter must be such as to per­
mit the passage of sufficient fuel at
the engine's maximum fuel consump­
tion.
Gauges are provided in the fuel
tanks in order that the pilot shall
know just how much gasoline re­
mains. As a check, practically all
pilots figure' their fuel consumption
according to the time the plane has
been flying.
HE fuel pressure pump is of the
T gear type. It has many advant­
ages over the piston-plunger pump.
It is simple, reliable, and the gasoline
provides sufficient lubrication to
maintain it in good running order.
These pumps are ordinarily driven
directly from the engine, though they
may be placed at a considerable dis­
tance and be driven through a flexible
Above, another drive shaft.
type o f gas tan k A spring loaded valve is placed in
in th e side o f fuse­ the system to provide an outlet for
lage as shown by
shaded area; a t left the gasoline in case it is being pump­
is an inductor or ed at too great a pressure. In this
blower, which dis­ event the excess fuel is merely by­
trib u tes th e v a ­ passed and sent hack to the inlet side
porous fuel to each
cylinder by means of the pump. Thus, the carburetor
o f centrifugal force will never be flooded from that cause.
A hand operated .pump is also
placed in the system to provide for
the time when the engine-driven
pump fails. By working a lever back
and forth the pilot is able to supply
his engine with fuel. This also serves
8 MODEL AIRPLAHE HEWS

the purpose of supplying the engine with gasoline on start' a predetermined level. If some way could be devised to
ing when the main pump is not yet turning over. keep the weight of the huge airship constant, the ship
Gasoline vaporizes and ignites much easier when it is would have the same equilibrium. This can be done. The
heated. When starting a cold engine the worst possible exhaust gases are collected and passed through a conden­
vaporizing conditions exist. Consequently, in order to ser. This cools the escaping steam which has been chem­
start an engine under such conditions, it is necessary to ically manufactured and turns it back into water. It is
provide an excess supply of fuel in order that sufficient possible to collect sufficient water to equal the weight of
amount of the gasoline will vaporize to insure starting. the fuel which is consumed.
This is called priming and serves the same purpose as the If the vapor is lean, however, or starved for air, the
choke on an automobile. A small hand pump is provided combustion will lack oxygen. The resulting exhaust will
for this particular purpose. In most installations this pump consist of water (LLO) and carbon monoxide (CO).
forces a small amount of raw gasoline The latter is a deadly poison and
into the intake pipe of three of the must not be breathed. It appears
cylinders. As the starter turns the when an automobile engine is run in
engine over, the inrushing weak va- a closed garage. Since only a cer­
por will richen itself from this fuel. tain amount of oxygen is enclosed
The chances of starting the engine within the garage, the engine will fail
are thus multiplied many times over. to attain complete combustion. Con­
In other types of installations the sequently, the shortage of oxygen will
FIG I.
raw gasoline is injected into the in- *
result in the formation of carbon
duction chamber where it is vaporized monoxide.
by the revolving blower. No internal combustion engine
Care must be taken to prevent should ever be operated within a
over-priming. In this case the raw closed space. The results may easily
gasoline will destroy the lubricating be fatal to the operator.
oil on the cylinder walls, and this will If the explosive charge within the
result in scored pistons and cylinders. BASIC PRINCIPLES cylinder lacks the correct proportion
P IG .4 . STRÖMBERG AIR of gaseous vapor it is said to be a
IRE strainers are placed in the “lean” mixture. If it has an exces­
W gas lines at certain points.
Thus large objects that might clog the
sive amount of the fuel vapor it is
known as a “rich” mixture. In either
carburetor jets are stopped. A well case maximum power will not be
is generally provided, also, in order developed by the engine. This is be­
that any water which may have cause the fuel charge will burn at a
found its way into the system may slower rate and thus the maximum
collect and be drained off before in­ driving force is not applied to the
terfering with proper engine opera­ downward moving piston.
tion. Moreover, the flames act for a
In order to use any hydrocarbon longer time on the cylinder walls and
liquid as a fuel, the volatile vapors thus raise their temperature. This
must first be mixed with the proper will cause trouble to the pilot at­
proportion of air. While practically tempting to operate this engine on a
any mixture of gasoline vapor and hot day. The problem of properly
air will burn to some extent, the cooling the cylinder walls of an air­
maximum number of heat units is plane engine is difficult enough with­
released when fifteen parts of air by out adding other complications.
weight is mixed with one part of One can be assured of having the
gasoline. This burning is really proper mixture by adjusting the car­
nothing but the chemical combination buretor until the maximum number
of the hydrogen and carbon of the of revolutions are reached; or, if one
gasoline and the oxygen of the air. can see the exhaust flames, as at
It is this combination which develops night, the adjustment should go on
the heat of the explosion. until the flames are the extremely
The resulting compounds, if per­ light blue color they will be just be­
fect combustion has taken place, is fore turning whitish.
HoO, or plain water, and CO.,, or
carbon dioxide. In other words, the T IS the function of the carbure­
exhaust from a firing cylinder is
really soda water that one can buy
I tor to provide the engine with a
properly mixed vapor of such pro­
over a soda fountain. Actually, the portions of air and fuel that perfect
water is emitted as steam while the combustion will result within the cyl­
carbon dioxide is exhausted as a gas inder. It is easily seen that this is a
with the nitrogen which combined tremendous responsibility to place on
originally with the air. any one mechanism.
Incidentally, it explains the prin­ The conditions necessary to attain
ciple of the water-recovery apparatus maximum power from the fuel charge
used aboard the dirigible, U. S. S. Top, Ström berg principle o f carburetion; vary with different engine speeds.
Los Angeles. As her fuel is used up center, details o f Ström berg carburetor; an d , W ith high speeds the compression of
and her load is thus decreased, it bo tto m , a C-5 ty p e o f fuel pum p the charge is greater and this pro­
would become necessary to valve the vides better combustion. The op­
valuable helium in order to maintain posite (Continued on page 41)
How Y o u L e a rn
ťo Glide
By
C. B. COLBY

Modern T he several stages in th e

instruction o f students.
A t to p . being tow ed a t
Schools 200 ft. for m aking
“ 360’s” ; center, being
Use towed a few feet u p to
practice landings (note
cloud o f d u st from tow
Step-by-Step car a t le ft rear); an d,
bottom , flying ju s t off th e
ground
Methods

simplicity and completeness and, with the help of fur'

nished reference books and loosedeaf notebooks, covers
very thoroughly such'subjects as meteorology, construe'
tion, repairs, maintenance, selection of soaring terrain,
and aerodynamics. When the student has completed his
ground school course, he is “graduated” to actual flying,
which he has been looking forward to ever since he was
bitten by the bug called “aviation.”
The method of flight instruction is, first, the under'
standing of the controls. The student must know why
he moves the stick and rudder pedals, and what hap'
pens when he does. Until he does understand the func'
tion of the controls it is useless to let him leave the
ground in a ship.
When the instructor is satisfied that the student will
know how to move the controls to get a desired result,
the glider is fastened to the back of the towing car by
a long rope. A release at each end of the rope makes
it possible to drop it from either the driver's seat of
ITH aviation magazines advertising all kinds and the tow car or from the pilot’s cockpit of the glider.

W
unwelcome.
shapes of gliders and sailplanes, or soaring This prevents a panicky student from “grabbing too
gliders, it would seem that a few remarks on the much altitude,” as well as ofFering a means of release in
casebeof trouble to car unseen by the pilot in glider above.
selection of gliding methods and instruction would not
At first the student is towed across the field behind a
At present there are several hundreds of so-called schools car at just enough speed to enable him** to feel the
for the teaching of “gliding” in various parts of the couiv effect of the controls and get the sensation of the tail
try, ranging from the outfit that has a single glider to its lifting; that is, the student is expected to notice what hap'
credit and possibly one pilot that holds a U. S. Depart' pens when he moves the stick and rudder pedals.
ment of Commerce glider pilot’s license, to the completely In my own case I was too busy trying to keep some'
equipped organization. The latter school usually has the where within sight of the tow car to even know what I
best in equipment and instructors at its command and was doing. My recollections of the first tow across the
employs the most modern methods in its instruction. field arc vaguely as follows:
Ground classes in schools of this last type give the “I’m moving!—keep behind the tow car—right—keep—
embryo flyer a series of classroom lectures covering all your wings level—keep your wings level—left pedal—too
the subjects that might be needed in actual flying. This much—right pedal—more—more—too much,—what is the
series of lectures has been prepared with great care as to car doing way over there?—left pedal—stick back—get

9
10 MODEL AIRPLANE
that stick back—Great Scott, I'm going up!—stick forward
—forward, you idiot—not so much—wings level—get that
nose up—right rudder—we re going to hit—were goin' ť
hit—wings levelnoseup stickbackwingslevelnoseupstickback
bac\ crummmmmp! (Short silence period during which
I look cautiously about for flying parts. Seeing none, I
begin to smile rather feebly. Well, I’m down again and
—alive— whoops!)"
Believe it or not, the first tow across the field in a glider
trying to follow behind a whirring tow car is more ex­
citing than chasing rumrunners or being a snake charmer
in a circus—and I’ve done all three!
The only difference is that there is absolutely no danger
in learning to glide in this manner. The speed of the tow
car prevents the machine from attaining anything like a
dangerous height and the skill of the instructor keeps the
student progressing in safe, easy stages so that before he
actually realizes it he is
actually “solo-ing.”
f t e r the student has
A . shown that he can
buzz along after the tow
car without rushing back
and forth and hopping
all over the runway, he is
towed a bit faster and
allowed to rise off the
ground a matter of three
or four feet; which, by
the way, seems like fifty
the first few times you try
it. From this height the
student at a signal from
the instructor in the car
pulls the ring beside his
seat in the glider that re­
leases the tow rope, and
he is allowed to glide A F ranklin utility glider
down to a landing from
this altitude. When the student has mastered the art of
a smooth easy landing without bounces and ground loops,
he is towed a bit faster still and “climbed” to ten or
fifteen feet and so on till he can glide down from fifty
or more feet and make good landings.
When a student has reached this stage he is allowed
to make gentle banking turns to both the right and left
followed by normal landings. From this the pilot learns
the safe amount of banking to use for the different turns.
Combining both right and left turns in one flight needs
a little more air underneath the ship, but by now the
student is used to being “upstairs” and so a few more added
feet makes no difference.
When a student can make good turns in both directions
from an altitude, he is ready for his U. S. Department
of Commerce private glider pilot examination. This con­
sists of a minimum of three flights, including moderate
right and left banks. After passing this, by now, simple
examination, the student before he knows it has become
a duly licensed flyer. Simple, isn’t it?
Oh, by the way, I forgot to mention that before a stu­
dent may receive instruction in the air he must obtain a
glider student pilot’s permit from a Department of Com­
merce inspector. This merely allows him to receive in­
struction in duly licensed gliders from licensed glider in­
structors.
The school will arrange for the issuing of the permit in
co-operation with the Department of Commerce inspector,
and will arrange for the license examination.
After the student can execute both right and left turns
well, he is allowed to make complete circles in the air,
R[ EWS
or “360’s,” as they are called. This means cutting loose
from the tow line heading north, turning right or left, and
continuing the turn until he is again heading north and
then landing. The student is also taught to make “ ISO’s"
which means just half a circle. This is even more tricky
to most students as the glider takes off into the wind, and
so naturally a “ 180” finds one landing with the wind on
the tail, which shoves one along over the ground plenty!
The first time I made a “ 180,” I had visions of passing the
bounds of the airport and not stopping short of New
Haven, Conn.
h e second time I made a “ 180” I was prepared; I had
T concealed in my flying suit the following articles:
one pup tent, three eggs (hardboiled), one pair walking
shoes, three tooth brushes (in case I lost one or more)
and three letters to mail. The latter my wife had given
me several weeks before
to mail, so of course I
Ί still had them with me.
When the glider stu­
dent has become adept at
complete circles in the air
and can set the ship down
fairly near a designated
spot, determined before­
hand by the instructor,
he is ready to take his
commercial glider pilot’s
license test. This consists
of complete circles in the
air from an altitude and
precision landings. The
latter means landing by
any mark designated by
the inspector.
Upon receiving this li­
cense the student is en­
being towed behind a car titled to give instruction
for pay and can fly
licensed gliders for exhibition purposes for pay. This grade
of Department of Commerce glider license corresponds to
a transport license for power planes. However—don’t get
the idea that just because a chap holds a license of this
type that he iscapable of teaching people to fly. Such
abilitycomes only with months of experience in various
ships and in all sorts of flying conditions. A physical
examination the same as that required for the private
power plane license is required for this license. None is
required for the first glider student permit and the pri­
vate glider pilot’s license mentioned before.
OW that the student has progressed to this stage he is
N taught such other things as go to make a safe, reliable
pilot; cross wind landings, stalling, side slips, etc. These
are not stunts by any means, any more than being taught
to park a car close to the curb is considered a stunt in
auto driving.
Having been “graduated” from the gliding part of the
school, the soaring instruction continues.
Flights into a valley are made so that the student may
become familiar with the landing possibilities of the vari­
ous fields.
These flights are made popssiblc by the use of shock
cord launchings. A long, strong, specially-made elastic
cable is attached to a hook in the nose of the glider. Sev­
eral men grasp each side of the huge “V ” made by the
cable, and while another man or men hold the tail of the
glider, walk, and then, at a signal from the pilot, run as
rapidly as possible away from the glider, stretching the
cable to its full length. A t this (Continued on page 38)
 T h e Q u a rte r-M ile
She’s off! N ote th e
unusual location o f
“ W h a t- I s - I t? ”
th e wing and the
stabilizer. W ith th e
prop so far ahead,
b etter s t r a i g h t -
away flight can be
By DICK COLE
obtained

An R. O. G.-Tractor-Commercial
Model

HIS little flying model can “R.O.G.”; it's a “trac- The tube can be made stronger—at the same time,

T tor” in the sense that it pulls; it's a “commercial”

because the motor is enclosed. So what is it?
It is well to mention this fact at the outset, because
many boys who will make this model and enter it in a
slightly heavier—by wrapping it throughout its length
with silk thread, and then giving it several coatings of
dope. This course is advisable if more than twelve strands
of Z&" rubber are used in the motor. Fig. 2 shows the
contest, may have the judges scratching their heads to give side and end elevations of the tubular body and gives the
it a classification. Regardless of split-hair rulings and ofli- dimensions.
cial red tape, here is a model which performs in excep- Fig. 3 shows all the individual parts which enter in the
tional manner, and embodies some constructional innova- body and motor assembly. It will be seen that the prop
tions which can be applied to advantage in other models shaft is held in an aluminum bush set in a balsa wood
which may conform to official contest rules. plug which fits in the front end of the body. The rear
The most novel, and highly practical, feature of this end of the motor is held to a piano wire hook, which, in
model is the body and rubber band motor unit. The body turn, hooks over the sides of the body. On a later model,
consists of a hollow, balsa wood tube, Zl inside diameter. the writer incorporated the hook in the rear end plug,
This is made by rolling a wet strip of balsa 1/32" thick with an external hook to engage in a motor winder. The
around a Zl spindle, or arbor. After it has thoroughly additional weight of the plug—which is only ornamental,
dried out, the overlapping joint is cemented, the wood in any case—made
doped, and the body wrapped at intervals throughout its no appreciable dif­
length with silk thread, similarly to wrapping a trout rod. ference in the per­
Fig. 1, Plate I, shows how this body is made up. formance of the
The operation looks very simple—and is—but it is well model.
to point out some of the snags. The first is the spindle. Note in Fig. 5
Be sure it is straight. Maple dowel rods can be bought h o w a suitable
at any builder's supply store, but it is nearly impossible bush for the prop
to get one absolutely true. A Zl nietal rod is better— shaft can be made
iron, steel, brass, aluminum. by rolling .005"
Unless some precaution is taken, it is very difficult to s h e e t aluminum
withdraw the spindle after the tube has been doped and over a wire the
wrapped. The remedy for this is first to wrap the spindle size of the shaft.
with about three layers of heavily waxed paper. Then, The f r o n t e n d
after the tube is finished, the whole can be heated gently plug of the tube
over a gas flame to melt the wax, and the spindle can can be made of
be withdrawn easily. Under no consideration attempt to balsa, or, better
glue the overlap with ambroid, or dope the wood, until still — but heavier
it is thoroughly dry. _of sponge rub- Thc desi^ner Wlth the finished model

11
12
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BODY AND MOTOR ASSEMBLY

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 TH E A R T E R ' M I L E “W H A T IS I T Γ 13

her. This is the rubber used for “cleaning up” erasers, and
can be bought for a nickel at any stationery store. The
rubber plug will aid in protecting the prop and the body
from damage.
We now come to the wing construction which is illus­
trated in detail in Plate II. Novelty and practicability is
introduced here. Note that the wing has no middle spar.
Instead, a rolled balsa strip forming the leading edge gives
the wing the rigidity usually attained with the use of
a middle spar. Not only does this provide lighter and
stronger construction, but the paper can be drawn over
the frame in a neater manner, and the respective air foils
better preserved.
Fig. 1 (Plate II) shows the plan of the wing frame
before the dihedral is formed. The wing is built up in its
entirety in a flat position first and the dihedral formed
after. Notations and dimensions on the drawings should
make the construction clear.
Fig. 2 gives the approximate airfoils of the respective
ribs. The two ribs nearest the middle are made of '/g"
balsa. The other ribs—except the tips—are made of 1/16”
balsa. The wing tip pieces are (Continued on page 42)

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14
m o d e l a i r p LAR[E HEWS

PLATE HT
5 T A B /l /2 € R /\ric> R U P D tft /)S $ £ A /3 L Y
 THE

AM ERICAN SKY
CADETS
News Flashes from New York,
Sioux City, Hamilton and
Hartford Model Airplane
Tournaments A general view of
th e large crowd

ORE than 8,000 persons

M turned out to witness the

recent New York City
Model Air Derby at Central Park,
larly in the speed event. Bixby's mo­
del, for instance, circled the judges
platform for about two minutes at
about fifty feet, and then suddenly
New York City, and in doing so not was caught in an up-current of wind
only paid tribute to the ever-increas- and within half a minute was flying
ing popularity of this great instruct at an altitude of about 1,500 feet!
tive hobby, but also saw Willard The speed event, first prize winner
Bixby, of Grand Avenue, Baldwin, of which averaged about 49 miles-an-
L. I., create a new city championship hour, was replete with crack-ups be­
record, and an unofficial world's rec- cause of the wind. However, it was
ord for endurance twin-pushers. The a revelation to those who had the
city record was timed at 10 minutes idea that present day model airplanes
flat, as at that moment Bixby's plane were “just pieces of paper and paste­
flew out of sight. board pinned together.''
Two minutes later, however, The replica (scale model)
it flew back over the field and event was another which open­
remained aloft for a total time ed the eyes of the uninitiated,
of 14 minutes 13 seconds. particularly when on close in­
Among the most surprised of spection of Phillip Zechitclla's
the spectators and officials was scale model Stinson (Lycoming)
none other than the Hon. James they noticed the perfect built-
J. Walker, Mayor of New up wing structure, the minia­
York City, who presented the ture instruments on the panel,
trophies at the conclusion of the the miniature engine, and the
meet. While, as he said him' fact that when the door of the
self, he had heard lots about model was pulled open, a light
model airplanes and had often in the top of the fuselage was
seen boys and girls flying them, lighted u d automatically, and so
he had no idea that the present forth.
generation was so closely study-
ing aerodynamics that they d w a r d d o b r i n ’s
solid
could build flying models that
not only flew but remained
E Tri-motor Ford model, too,
came in for much comment. It
aloft as any real plane might was a replica of the real thing
do. in every detail. A solid wood
The meet as a whole was one model covered with corrugated
of the most successful ever held metal. The judges had a hard
in the city, despite the fact that time deciding between his mo­
a variable cross-wind played del and Zechitella’s for first
havoc with the models, particu­ place the Stinson being chosen
W illard B ixby launches his commercial model while
H y Kessler aw aits his tu rn in the New Y ork m eet

15
16 MODEL AIRPLANE NEWS

because of its po- Manufactur­

tential flying quail· i ng C o . , Mr .
ties and better fin­ David Newmark
ish. of the Ideal Aero­
Adrian Wallace plane and Supply
took third prize Co., Inc., Mr. I.
with his solid scale Sturiale, of the
model of a. Travel- Crescent M o d e l
Air Mystery R. Aircraft Co., and
The model in itself others e q u a l l y
was beautiful, but prominent in the
Adrian lost points model a i r p l a n e
on the fact that his field.
fuselage was not Thanks to Mr.
tapered correctly, R. V. M u l h o 1-
and because his land, Director of
cowling was too Recreation for the
large. M ayor Jam es J. W alker, presenting th e prizes. P h o to shows th e M ay o r, left, C aptain C i t y of N e w
Loftus-Price, W illard Bixby receiving the city cham pionship tro p h y , M r. R . V. M ul- York, the Sheep
Honorable men­ holland, M r. Lawrence Shaw and E dw ard D obrin w ith his F ord T ri-m otor model
tion in this event Meadow in Cen­
went to Pelo De- tral Park was set
siderio, who entered a solid scale model of a Curtiss Haw\. aside for the meet, and through the courtesy of the New
Pelo lost points in trying to simulate rib markings by us­ York Police Department a squad of policemen was detailed
ing wire, with the result that the trailing edge looked as to duty at the meet.
if it were serrated—like war time Spads. An outstanding feature of the derby was the tendency
Altogether there were three hundred contestants present to break away from the usual stick model for all contests.
at the meet; 425 models were entered, and more than 500 Model builders apparently are finding more instruction
flights made, ample augury of and more fun in testing their
continued success for future ability to build and fly real
meets. cabin models.
A further point of interest This decision is to be ap­
in connection with this meet plauded as it will mean bigger
was that for the first time repre­ and better model airplane tour­
sentatives of practically every naments in the future.
model airplane organisation In awarding the trophies to
played an active part, either as the winners, Mayor Walker
judges or timers, etc. Mr. Law­ paid tribute to their industri­
rence Shaw, leader of the N. ousness, and expressed himself
Y. Graphic Junior Aviation surprised at the performances
Club and Honorary National made by the models. He was
Commander of the American particularly impressed with the
Sky Cadets, was chairman of life-like resemblance of the rep­
T hree of th e replica models prize winners. Left,
the meet; Captain H. J. Loftus- th e Stinson (lycoming); center, th e Travel-A ir lica models to the real planes.
Price, editor of M o d e l A ir ­ M ystery R and th e C urtiss H awk The mayor, incidentally, is an
p l a n e N e w s and Administra­ ardent aviation fan, and knows
tor of the American Sky Cadets, was chairman of the his planes to a “T ”.
judges. The results of the tournament were as follows:
The judges and timers included Mr. A. S. Wolfe, East­ T wiri'pusher event: First, Willard Bixby, 10 minutes;
ern representative of the A. M. L. A., Mr. Gus Ander­ second, Frank Ziac, 7 minutes 10 seconds; third, Hy Kess­
son, formerly of Giirfbel’s Club, Mr. T. Bulger and Mr. ler, 6 minutes 10 seconds; fourth, Ed Beshar, 4 minutes
J. Patent, of the A. A. C., Mr. A. Selley, of the Selley 27 seconds, and (Continued on page 39)

A group of en tra n ts shown holding their models. N ote the dirigible in the to p rig h t hand corner of th e photograph
 Special
C o u rse in
A e ria l R adio

By
Capt. Leslie S. Potter

A S hort S in g a p o r e M k
11, above, a b o u t to alight,
and, below, a S h o rt C al­
c u t t a a t anchor. N ote
com parative size of
passengers

on through the circuit. A generator

D irect C u rre n t G e n e ra to r; C om m utator
HE principles of the direct current generator, or
of this type is called a shunt wound
generator.
Motors
S
Some difficulty may be experienced
in appreciating the difference between
a motor and generator. A generator
is a machine mechanically driven, as
in the case of the ordinary car gen'
erator driven by the car motor, which
delivers an electric current. A motor
is a machine electrically driven used for supplying motive
power in such instances as driving generators and many

T dynamo, as it is sometimes named, are precisely the

same as those of the alternator described in last
month's M odel A irplane N ews. In the latter we spoke
of collector rings which revolved with the shaft and on
kinds
ably
of
used
electricity
factory equipment. Electric motors are invari'
to drive machinery in areas where the cost of
is cheap.
Motors, like generators, are divided into two main
which rested two brushes which conveyed current to the classes—direct current and alternating current. These are
outer circuit in precisely the same condition as they re- further sub-divided into other types, but they will not be
ceived it. In other words, they received an alternating cur' dealt with at this stage. In motors it is again the close
rent and passed on an alternating current. relationship between electricity and magnetism that forms
With the dynamo, instead of collector rings a commu' the fundamental principles.
tator is used. A commutator consists of a ring with two It was explained last month how like poles repel and
or more segments-which revolves with the shaft, and its unlike poles attract, and this will be the same whether
duties consist of commuting the alternating current in' the lines of magnetic force arc coming from a charged wire
duccd into the armature into a current flowing always in or a natural magnet. Magnetic lines of force always tend
the same direction. to run parallel to each other. Two charged wires through
With the alternator the brushes make constant contact which the current is flowing in the same direction will
with the collector rings; with the dynamo, the contact is have the same magnetic poles, or parallel lines of force.
constantly being broken by the gaps between the segments. The wires will, therefore, attract each other, and the same
As the revolving segments pass under the surface of the attraction would exist were a magnet of approximate pO'
carbon brushes, contact is made with the opposite ter- larity used in place of one of the wires.
minals of the armature every second alternation, and a In Figure 1 a loop of light wire is shown through which
current is thereby passed on to the rest of the circuit a current is passing. The wire is suspended so that it
flowing continuously in one direction. may turn easily. A strong bar magnet has
Shunt W ound G e n e rato r
A Cardinal been placed underneath, and by adjusting
its position so that a maximum attractive
Sometimes a connection is made between
Point in and repelling force is inflicted on different
the field poles and the brushes, and some Progressive angles of the loop, the latter will be made
of the current from the latter passes into Aviation to revolve.
the former, greatly increasing their mag' In Figure 2 the principles of the rotat­
netism. In this way more current is passed (Chapter 3) ing coil, or armature, of the generator are

17
18 MODEL AI RP L A M E HEWS

again shown. The the brushes and opposite loops of the armature so that
current generat' correct polarity and a constant rotation is maintained.
ed by the arma' Motor Capacity
ture is passed
t h r o u g h the The capacity of a motor, the same as the capacity of
brushes to an ex' a generator, is given to mean the work it can do without V.
t e r n a 1 circuit. overheating. On the plate of each motor will be given
T he ar ma t u r e the voltage and current and also the revolutions per minute
m u s t, however, it has been designed to stand. A generous safety margin
be rotated by is usually allowed for by the makers, but nevertheless,
some o u t s i d e overloading to excess must be avoided, otherwise overheat'
means. ing will follow which the motor was not designed to stand,
If it were left motionless, and a current were sent back and which may cause the insulation to break down and
through the circuit to the carbon brushes it would once considerable damage to follow.
more rotate. Why? For exactly the same reasons that the The power of a motor is generally rated in horsepower
loop in Figure 1 revolved. The lines of magnetic force but may also be given in kilowatts. A kilowatt is a thou-
are seeking to adjust themselves. sand watts, and a watt is the unit
The effect of these lines which cm- of electrical power. One kilowatt,
anate from the field poles and from written K.W., equals 1.34 h.p.
the charged armature, turning and Twenty horsepower is, therefore, ap'
twisting in their efforts to adjust proximately 15 K.W.
themselves, produces the motive
power of the motor, sometimes called Series and Shunt Motors
its torque or turning effort. If the W e mentioned earlier in the article
position of the magnets was reversed, that the two main classes of motors
rotation would occur in the opposite were further subdivided. Direct cur'
direction. * f/6 3- /RatiosfAr · //v rent motors fall into two main
Obviously it will only require a classes; series motors and shunt
fraction of time for the lines of mag' motors.
netic force to resolve themselves into Going back for a moment to gen-
approximately parallel positions, and erators, it will be remembered that
when they have done this their we described a shunt wound genera'
efforts will cease, and also the turn' tor as a generator, the carbon brushes
ing of the motor. The moment this of which were connected to the field
effort ceases, a reversal of the cur' poles. In this way some of the cur' ·
rent must take place in order that rent flowing from the armature was
the operation may be continued and led back to the field poles and greatly
continuous motion obtained. These increased their strength. They be'
are the fundamentals of the electri' came, in fact, electro'magnets, and
cally impelled motor. the coil of wire leading back to them
from the brushes and wound around
phenom enon occurs in the ro' them for a certain number of turns
A tating of the motor which re'
suits in the consumption of only
is known as the field winding.
The shunt motor is similarly de'
sufficient current to handle the load. signed. The field winding is com-
When the armature revolves through posed of many turns of wire which
the magnetic field it creates an E.M.F. (electromagnetic possess a high resistance. Since a portion of the incoming
force or electromotive force) in exactly the same manner current is diverted at the brushes to the field windings,
as it did in the case of a generator; but as has already only a portion of it enters the armature. This gives the
been explained, this E.M.F. is operating in a reverse direc' shunt motor a slower starting speed than the scries motor,
tion to the E.M.F. passing into the armature, and is called but the former maintains a much more constant speed
the counter E.M.F. under varying
If this equalled the applied E.M.F. obviously no current loads. For this
would flow, but the amount of counter E.M.F. generated r e a s o n shunt
depends on the speed of the armature. When the motor m otors are
is running free, or with only a light load, its speed will mostly used to
increase, and the counter E.M.F. generated will also in- d r i v e alterna'
crease because the revolutions of the armature will be tors used in
higher. r a d i o wor k
Since the current passing through the armature will be where constant
the difference between the applied E.M.F. and the counter specd'loads arc
E.M.F., the current consumed by the motor when running essential. T h e
under light loads will be automatically reduced. series motor is
Inversely, with the motor pulling a heavy load its revo' the type em­
lutions will drop, the counter E. M. F. will be correspond' ployed on street
ingly reduced, and the flow of current through the arma' cars.
ture proportionately greater. Now let us
A commutator is necessary on a direct current motor as discuss the ques­
on a direct current generator, but instead of making con' tion of how mo­
tact between the brushes and opposite terminals of the tors and genera­
armature every second revolution, contact is made between tors are cared for.
 SPECIAL COURSE IH AERIAL RADIO 19

Care of Motors and Generators cation of Ohm's law as explained in last month’s issue
All generators and motors are usually supplied with of M odel A irplane N ews.
complete diagrams and maintenance instructions by the In order to obtain a variable resistance, an instrument
makers, and a careful study of these will usually be sufli- known as a Rheostat is used. Figures 3 and 4 show the
cient to ensure smooth running. Oil cups should be peri­ interior and exterior, respectively, of a Rheostat. By turn­
odically inspected to ensure the proper level of oil is be­ ing the knob the amount of resistance is increased. This
ing maintained. The commutator must be kept clean and reduces the amount of current in the field winding, which
free from oil. A smear of oil will spoil a good connection; in turn reduces the amount of the counter E. M. F., with
if it is too thick it will prevent a connection of any sort. the net result that the speed of the motor is increased.
Since copper is one of the best known conductors, the Briefly then, increasing resistance means increasing speed,
segments in a commutator are usually made of this metal. decreasing resistance means decreasing speed.
They arc insulated on all sides, except the side passing A further method of regulating the speed of shunt
under the surface of the carbon brushes, with mica. If motors is by changing the position of the field poles and
any portions of the mica become detached, presenting an increasing or decreasing the density of the magnetic field.
uneven surface to the brushes, a severe spark will be This is usually done by means of a handle on the outside
caused on every revolution. of the casing. Either the position of the poles themselves
In time, too, the continual passage of the brushes may may be changed or the position of the armature in rela­
wear a groove in the com­ tion to the poles. There
mutator, and this will is also the method of rais­
have to be smoothed ing or lowering the mag­
down with a piece of fine nets inside the field wind­
sandpaper to ensure even ings and so increasing or
running. Sometimes it decreasing their magnetic
may be necessary to take properties.
the commutator down In these articles ex­
and smooth it on a lathe, amples will be given as
or the brushes may have affecting shunt motors
worn to an uneven sur­ wherever possible because:
face and have to be re­ this is the motor most
newed. likely to be met with in
The springs which hold radio work, and, there­
A .R.C . M odel D R eceiver showing gang coil assembly being inserted
the brushes firmly against fore, of most interest to
the commutator occasion­ future radio operators.
ally become too weak to Motor Generators
perform their functions
properly. They must be Having dealt with
replaced should this hap­ motors and generators
pen. The even running of separately, we now come
a motor or generator de­ to the device known as
pends, among other things, the motor-generator. This
on the smooth running of is, as its name suggests, a
the commutator. motor and generator built
as a single unit. The two
Speed Regulation are mounted on a com­
The thought has prob­ mon base and coupled to
ably come into the minds one shaft. Commercially,
of those who have fol­ A ircraft R adio Corp. M odel D set complete
the motor - generator is
lowed these articles thus adaptable to various uses,
far, “How is the speed of but in radio its principal
motors regulated? There is no throttle to be pressed down. function lies in changing direct current obtained from a
The switch is thrown on and the motor starts; it is power line into a direct current of higher voltage for use
thrown off, the current ceases and the motor stops. There with vacuum tube transmitters. The principles of opera­
is no half-way position. How then is the motor regu­ tion are the same as those already described separately for
lated?” motors and generators.
Those who are familiar with the electric fan with vari­ Condensers
able speeds may possibly have some idea. It hinges on
the counter E. M. F. we have already mentioned. Taking Condensers are sometimes described as power and re­
the case of a shunt d. c. motor, more current entering the ceiving condensers, the first for use with transmitting sets
armature means more counter E. M. F. and, therefore, less and the second for use with receiving sets, but they are
speed. If, then, the amount of current reaching the arma­ more often classified as fixed and variable condensers. A
ture can be controlled, the speed of the motor will also fixed condenser is invariably used with transmitting sets,
be controlled. but for receiving purposes the variable condenser is usu­
The amount of the current may be regulated by increas­ ally taken. Figures 5 and 6 illustrate the two types.
ing or decreasing the amount of resistance. For the bene­ There are many other forms of condensers such as glass
fit of those who have not followed this series of articles condensers, mica condensers and oil condensers, but these
from the beginning, resistance is the amount of opposi­ will not be dealt with here.
tion offered by a conductor to the current passing along A fixed condenser may be made of alternate layers of
it and is measured in Ohms. Ohms are intimately con­ conducting and insulating material such as tinfoil or cop­
nected with Volts and Amperes, and knowing the quantity per and waxed paper, pressed or rolled tightly together.
of any two of these, the third may be found by the appli­ The essential requirement is (Continued on page 40)
 HE Great W ar is on. all men to him, enemy as
T Europe is seething
with talk of a new
fighting force that has come
to the front—the airplane—
well as friend. He was
popular as a man, too, while
von Richthofen was the ob­
ject of public acclaim chiefly
and there is a great scurry because of his aerial achieve­
among all the nations involv- ments.
ed to assemble hurriedly Born of Saxon parents on
groups of men, somewhat May 19, 1891, Oswald
sketchily trained, to fight the Boelke belied the heritage of
enemy in the air. It is the his schoolmaster father by
moment to strike from the disliking study and longing
clouds—and each country for a military career. His
looks hopefully to its fighting love for sports, rather than
airmen to help the troops on the inclination to study, was
land and sea. a forerunner of that sporting
Fonck and Guynemer are love of combat which was to
carrying the banner of the distinguish him later in his
famous Cigognes (“Storks”) aerial achievements.
squadron, and with it the Parental objections barred
hopes of France; America him from the career he
adds her celebrated Lafayette sought, but at last at the age
Escadrille with Raoul Luf- of twenty-two he was allow­
berry at its head; England ed to join the Telegraphers
has its No. 1 Squadron, led Battalion No. 3 at Coblenz.
by Capt. Fullard, with its An asthmatic affliction had
brilliant record of two hun­ prevented him from doing
dred enemy planes downed more strenuous work, and
in six months; and the Ger­ consent to join the Signal
man Empire stakes its honor Corps was his parents’ con­
in the air on the noted Jagd- cession to his remarkable
staffel No. 11, nicknamed by aptitude for mechanics and
its foes the “Tango Circus.” engineering.
This last group is making
history. A t the head is ITH the rank of lieu­
Germany’s hero of the hour, tenant, he worked
Baron von Richthofen, who C apt. Oswald Boelke
first with the telephone divi­
has formed the nucleus of his sion and later with the wire­
famous staffel from the rem­ less division. It was in the
nants of another German
ace’s former command. He Boelke of G e rm a n y latter service that he first
came in contact with the
was induced to enter the air aviation corps. This was at
service in 1915 by that other, Darmstadt. The desire to
who was then Germany’s By COLIN JAMES fly was born then and he
champion air fighter, and planned silently to join them,
whom von Richthofen has knowing full well that his
conceded to have been the family would object, but at
“Master” of them all. From last, in June 1914, he was
his predecessor he received his train­ transferred to the aviation school at
ing in aerial strategy and he is follow­ Halberstadt. Aided greatly by his
ing in his footsteps.
That man was Capt. Oswald “ W e w en t o u t inherent understanding of mechanics,
he progressed rapidly and after six
Boelke. weeks, emerged successfully from the
p eacefu lly to final examination. This was the day
AD he lived, Boelke would sure­ before mobilization for the World
ly have outstripped von Richt­
hofen’s great record by far, for when h u n t th e W ar, and he was ready to add his
services to the raging conflict.
his brilliant career was ended, he had Boelke’s military career began in-
amassed a record of forty enemy enem y” auspiciously enough but was fated
planes destroyed, while his young not to remain so for very long. His
pupil, von Richthofen, soon to come brother Wilhelm had already joined
into great fame, had then only seven victories to his credit. the air corps as observer, and at Montmcdy they were
So to Boelke must go all honors for the example he set, united. There the brothers would often fly in the same
and the accomplishments of the men he trained and who machine, Wilhelm as observer and Oswald as pilot, and
carried on afterwards. the engagements of the Argonnes and the Champagne saw
“W e always had a wonderful feeling of security when them fighting together.
he was with us. After all, he was the one and only.” Recognition of his ability as a flyer and a strategist came
So said von Richthofen of his teacher. Boelke was worthy shortly after. On October 12, 1914, Boelke was awarded
of such trust and admiration, for he was ever the inspiring the Iron Cross, and ten days afterward proved conclu­
leader, brave and charming—this despite a record of fear­ sively that he merited such a citation by destroying one of
lessness and singleness of purpose in the air. von Richtho­ the enemy’s batteries and the next day wiping out three
fen worshipped Boelke and envied him the trait that he more in three-and-a-half hours. He had been piloting a
himself did not possess—a kindness of heart which drew 30 h.p. Opel machine, but in (Continued on page 45)

20
 THE B.F.W.' M23C L O W 'W I T [ G MO HOP L A K E 23

the sides and top of the fuselage can be covered with tissue.
The cockpit is covered with cellophane.
The ribs, as shown in drawing 8, are cut from 1/16"
balsa sheeting.
You will need two of each rib. Also from 1/16" balsa
sheeting cut out the two spar^ marked (16). Assembly
of the wing is shown in drawings 6 and 7. The leading
edge (17) is of 1/16" x J/e" balsa strip and the trailing
edge (18) is of 1/32" x 3/32" balsa strip. The wingtip
(19) is made from 1/16" square bamboo.
The wing is covered on both sides with Japanese tissue.
The finished wings now can be placed in position.
The next step is the stabiliser, shown in drawing 9, and
made of 1/16" square balsa. (Continued on page 40)
24 MODEL AIRPLANE NEW S
22 MODEL AIRPLANE NEWS
 The
B .F .W .-M 23c Low-
W in g M o n o p lan e
N keeping with my policy of trying to give you
I something different each month in the way of wind'
tunnel tested flying models, this month I am taking
you to Germany, so to speak. Our object in this case is
to study carefully and build a good flying model of the
low'wing monoplane which is generally conceded to be
one of the best sport airplanes in the world.
This is the B.i7.W.-M23c which won the international
air tour of Europe for two successive years. Last year this
type of plane came first and second in the tour out of
fifty'seven planes entered, although the British D.H. Gypsy
Moth actually finished first in elapsed time but was ruled
out. You will remember that the August issue a year ago
of M odel A irplane N ews carried plans for a flying
model of the Moth. I mention this to show you that the
magazine is keeping you well in touch with the outstand'
ing airplanes of the present day, in addition to acquainting
you with earlier and what might be considered today
freakish types.
In a way of explanation, in the name B.E.W.-M23c the
first three letters represent the initials of the factory—the
Bayerische Flugzeug Werke in Germany; the M is the
first letter of the name of the engineer, Herr Messer-
schmidt; 23 is the type number of the plane, and the letter
c indicates that this plane is the third variation of its type.
The B.F.\V.'M23c is a two-seater, low-wing monoplane
with glider-like wings. It has very good lines and is a
stable flyer. The drawings of the model were made from
the original drawings of the real airplane. Drawing 1
shows three views of the model, and the two photographs
depict the completed and tested model which was built
actually by Philip Meehan, a Dickinson High School (N.
J.) student, from my drawings. It was built for M odel
A irplane N ews for the purpose of obtaining data con­
cerning the influence of an open or closed cockpit in a
flying model in flight.
This model, as in others of mine published in these
By
Prof. T. N. de Bobrovsky
A Stable Flyer Scaled Down
from the Original
pages, again brings to your attention some unconventional
parts; for instance, the rear part of the fuselage, the wing
spar and landing gear.
, Drawings 2 and 3 show the completed fuselage skeleton
in side view, and Drawing 4 shows the same skeleton from
the top. The fuselage is of the built-up type and only
one bulkhead is used.
The parts marked 1 and 2 are of 1/16" square balsa
and represent the longerons. Two each of these are
needed. Notice carefully the top longerons (1) and how
they are fitted at the section M-N, as shown in drawing 3.
All braces are made of 1/16" square balsa strips. All
sections are carefully sketched for you in drawings 3 and
5. Drawing 2 contains plans for the nose block (marked
3) made of balsa and drilled for the propeller shaft. One
end of the motor stick (6) is glued in the nose block and
the other end in the bulkhead R-S. The positions of the
rear hook and the can (7) are shown in the drawing.
HE pieces marked (4) and (5) are 1/16" thick balsa
T sheet pieces that hold the wings. The cockpit win­
dows (8 and 9) are made of 1/16" square bamboo.
Three pieces of 1/32" square balsa strips are used to
form the fuselage nose (10). After the skeleton of the
fuselage is finished make the tail skid from ]/&" thick balsa
(streamlined) and glue in position as shown in drawing 3.
The bottom of the fuselage now can be covered with
Japanese tissue.
The landing gear is next shown in drawings 2 and 5.
The pieces (11) are dummy shock absorbers, made of balsa.
Pieces (12, 13, 14 and 15) are made of 1/32" square
bamboo.
The propeller is 8" in diameter and made in the same
manner as the propeller for the Rotor model, which was
published in the April 1931 issue of M odel A irplane
N ews. The motor is made of six strands of /§ " flat
rubber. After these parts have been completed and fitted,
21
THE B.F. W.-'M23C LOW'WIHG MOHOPLAKE 25
THE B.F.W.'M23c LOW'WING MONOPLANE 27
28

M o d e l
A l R p LAJ s [ E
N e w s
THE B.F. W.'M23c LOW 'XVIFIG MONOPLANE 29
 answer the oftimes
baffling question,
i 1H o w d o e s i t
work?” and at the
same time point out
a few of the im­
portant advantages
and disadvantages of
each type.
However, first of
all let us look back
into the interesting
history of flying so
that we may under­
stand what we are
talking about. We
will start with the
Wright brothers, be­
A real C a n a rd , or “ D u ck ” , type— the Focke-W ulf F 19a E n te cause it was with
them, after centuries
of gradual development and research, that flying really
began in earnest.
A C ourse in hat type of plane did the Wrights use? Most any

A irp la n e D esigning W
twin-pusher enthusiast will tell you. They used a
“canard” (tail first) plane, with twin pusher props
mounted behind the wings. Their ship operated on pre­
cisely the same principles as our twin-pusher models of
today, ’ except that the rudders were placed behind the
ship. They taught themselves to fly on that crate, and did
By KEN SINCLAIR it without serious accident during the process of learning.
The first ship to fly in Europe (Santos-Dumont’s) was a
canard also. Both of these pioneer ships, then, flew “back­
wards!” However, we will talk more about that later, ex­
Types of A irp la n e s plaining the principles of this type.
Blériot came along with the tractor monoplane and at­
tained great success—plus a whole string of accidents while
learning to fly—with .it. The Farmans and the Voisons,
ECENTLY I was watching a few model airplane

R
however, stuck to the pusher. Then, in England, along
builders flying their ships. Some excellent air work came a fellow by the name of Hill with the utterly un­
was being done, and one chap in particular was heard-of idea of building a plane with no tail at all! He
making exceptionally long, steady flights with a twin- did it, too. More about that later.
pusher. However, a lady who chanced to be standing near Then came the war, and everything was changed. Here
me did not look at it in that way. She said: was an urgent need for planes that were maneuverable,
“Why, how silly. It's flying backwards!" quick on the controls, and possessed of very high per­
That typifies the popular attitude toward aviation. The formance. Almost at once the tractor job, with the motor
public has come to regard the tractor monoplane or biplane, in the nose and close-coupled (all weights concentrated)
or a ship closely resembling these in appearance, as the came to the fore. Why? Because this type, fitted with
accepted type; and a new ship that differs from the aver­
age plane is greeted with snickers of amusement by the
average man. Not so among aeronautical engineers, how­
ever. Every wide-awake airplane designer is on the alert,
continually watching for something new; for some new
type of plane that has real value.
Why do we have so many different types of planes?
W hat advantages, if any, has a tractor over a pusher?
Why not settle down to one definite type, like the auto­
mobile industry, and standardize our ships of the air?
Why are people spending time and money developing
ships like the rotor-plane, the Autogyro, the numerous
helicopters, the Curtiss “Tanager,” and the flying wing?
The answer is a simple one. Many airplane designers
are by no means satisfied with the more conventional
type of plane. They are searching for something better,
something more practical and safer; some new principle
that will bring about a great change in the industry.
The wise designer does not dismiss these new and
radically different planes with a derisive laugh. Not by
a long shot. He studies every one, delving into the prin­
ciples behind their operation and since every airplane
designer must know the how and why of the various
types, we will do The same thing here. W e will try to

30
 The Ott Hydro Model
By
J. S. O T T an d L IE U T . H . A . R EY N O LD S
FFICIENT, easy to build, and a reliable flyer, this
E little model will rise out of the water and fly above
the tree tops to thrill you and your friends. It is
a truc R.O.W. type. Many model builders are now giv­
ing their attention to float-equipped models because almost
any pond or slow-moving river makes an ideal theatre for
flying operation. The plane has a clear, smooth run be­
fore it takes off and lands back on the water without the
hazards of obstructions found on land.
The Ott hydro model averages sixty seconds (R.O.W.)
after rising off the water on the three floats which it
carries with it through the air to an elevation of seventy-
five feet or more. Its center of lift and center of balance
is so easily adjusted that it glides back to a three-point
. landing almost as if answering to the control of a pilot.
Truly for spectacular performance in the air this little
hydroplane will put on a show that will attract the atten­
tion ,and admiration of all. Mr. Ott, with many cham­
pionship and prize-winning models to his credit, considers
it the most stable seaplane model he has ever built for
everyday performance. A large number of experienced
model builders recently witnessed trial flights at Chicago
and were unanimous in their opinions that the flying
ability and inherent stability of the plane were of un­
equalled excellence.
Many of us hesitate to start constructing a model of
this type due probably to the mystery factor which usually
accompanies the idea. There is no secret involved in build­
ing a good flying model! Any boy with the ability to
cut sticks of balsa wood and cement them together can
build the Ott hydro model. Few parts are required and
it is very easy to build. The same principles are applied
to a flying model that are necessary to the operation of
a large man-carrying plane.
If the reader has never enjoyed the thrill of flying a
model or the pleasure of building one in the home work­
shop, we can do no better than to present this little R.O.
W. as a fitting machine with which to start. Experienced
model builders will recognize its merits and to them we
heartily give the construction details, knowing that they
will be well repaid for their efforts.
The main wing is of very simple yet efficient design.
It measures 19" from tip to tip and tapers from the middle.
The fuselage consists of the motor stick to which the tail
control surfaces, main wing, and landing gear are attached.
It is powered with the conventional rubber-strand motor.
Two strands of 1/16" x 1/32" model airplane rubber will
do. More strands can be added if greater power is de­
sired.
h i s model requires a seven-inch propeller to provide
T the thrust necessary to keep it flying. It will fly with
almost any good grade of ready-made propeller, but to
realize the maximum flight performance a true pitch pro­
peller must be carved and balanced for this particular
plane.
A ready cut blank for a 7" (low pitch) true pitch pro­
peller can be purchased from The Model Aviator Prod­
ucts Co., 9 W. Illinois Street, Chicago, 111. This blank
will cost only a few cents and eliminate all mathematical
calculations which might alter the accuracy of the pro­
peller.
The true pitch blank is cut from balsa wood and has
a small shaft hole drilled in its center. It measures 7"
long and is 5/16" x 5/S" blocked .out for carving.
To build the wings, prepare two main spars 20" long
of Yq" X /β" balsa. The front spar is rounded over bluntly
31
32 M ODEL A IRP L A K E HEWS

to form the leading edge. The rear spar is sanded to a

sharp trailing edge. Seven ribs are built by steaming a
slight curve or camber into 1/16" sq. balsa strips 3j/|"
An R. O. W . W ith Great
long. This curve is not very pronounced, as can be seen Performance
in the rib section drawing. Two wing tips are next coiv
structed by bending 1/16" sq. split bamboo to form the
wing tip curve, as shown in the plan view.
Pin a piece of waxed paper on a flat surface and
start to fit the different wing parts together. Note u*— -r&a/aztf.a ^
that the wing tapers from V /i at the center rib
down to 2 /z" at the spar tips. Pin the framework
down and apply ambroid or model airplane cement
to all of the joints. Allow about two hours dry'
ing time and remove the pins. The frame can be
easily lifted from the wax paper on which it was
assembled. The spars should next be “cracked" or
gently broken at the center and 3" blocks fitted
under the wing tips to hold the frame in shape
to provide the correct dihedral. Apply ambroid
or model airplane cement to these breaks and
allow two hours to dry. It will be found that
when the cemented spar centers are dry, they will
be firmly reinforced with the cement and hold
their shape indefinitely.
The motor stick is cut from j/β" x 5/16" balsa
18" long. The rear hook for the rubber is placed
2 / 2 " from the rear end of this stick. This rear
hook can be easily bent out of No. 8 music wire.
A drop or two of cement will hold it securely
in place. The thrust bearing or hanger for the
propeller is cemented to the front end of the
motor stick. This can be purchased ready shaped
from a model supply store or can be made at
home by bending No. 8 music wire to the proper
shape. A small glass bead or two small metal
washers act as a bearing between the propeller
and this hanger.

FRONT VILW
he elevator and rudder frame is made of split
T bamboo 1/16" square. This is bent to shape
over a flame and then cemented in place on the rear
of the motor stick. It is a good procedure to pin
the bamboo pieces to a flat surface immediately
after bending. They can then be cemented to-
gether. When they are dry the completed sec'
tions can be removed and cemented in position
on the motor stick.
The model will fly very well without a land'
ing gear. This is not advisable as it is apt to
become broken in case of a hard landing. The
propeller is not protected and is liable to crack
if it strikes the ground with force. Wheels can
be mounted on long music wire braces suspended
under the plane, but as the original model was
designed to take off and land on water let us
consider the landing gear for this purpose.
Three floats or pontoons are required. The
floats are built up around two balsa bulkheads.
Strips of 1/16" square split bamboo are bent to
shape .to form the outline of the top and bottom
of the float. The bottom outline is brought up
to join the top outline at the front. The pointed
rear end of the float is made by a 3J/2" long
bamboo strip which is left protruding at the top
so that it can be used as a brace in mounting
later on. The split bamboo is shaped to form the
supports for the floats and the whole landing as'
sembly can be cemented to the motor stick. This
assembly should be done slowly with careful at'
tention to obtaining an even wclbbalanced job.
Light weight Japanese tissue is used for cover'
 THE OTT HYDRO MODEL 33

ing the wings, tail section, and pontoons. Before cow
ering lay the part to be covered on the tissue and cut
to shape, allowing a little overlap on all sides. Using a
warm iron, smooth out all the wrinkles in the tissue,
being careful not to scorch the tissue.
Next cement the tissue to the leading or forward edge
of the part to be covered. Place a small amount of cement
on the trailing edge and stretch the tissue smooth. Do not go gently against a light wind for a flight under its own
apply the tissue tight enough to warp the part out of
shape.
R O CU R E a small quantity of good model airplane
first to determine the correct position for the wing. If it
dives, move the wing toward the front. If it stalls and
settles tail first, the wing must be moved to the rear.
HEN the model is adjusted in this manner so that a
W good glide is secured, wind the propeller about 150
turns (it will stand 200 or more for long flights) and let it
power. If you have been careful with your work of
construction, you will have quite a run to retrieve it after
it settles back to earth.

P waterproof dope. The tissue should be treated by

You can secure a large fulhsized drawing of this model
doping, as it fills the pores of the covering and makes writing to the editor of this magazine. Enclose three
by
cents in stamps to cover the return postage and a large
it tight and waterproof.
Apply at least two coats of dope, allowing at least two drawing will be promptly mailed to you. This drawing
hours drying time between coats. can be used as a pattern for cutting the exact parts of
To adjust the finished model for flight gently glide it the model.
 Boeing P-12B fighters, popular
am ong m ilitary airm en, in for­
m ation (left). T hese planes have
a w ingspan o f 30 ft. to p , 26 ft. 4
in. b o tto m ; len g th 20 ft. 8 in.;
height 9 ft. 7 in .; an d high speed
of 171 m .p .h .T h e a rm a m e n t con­
sists o f tw o B row ning guns firing
through th e prop

T he N a v y ’s popular V ought
C orsair tw o-seater reconnais­
sance biplane (below). T h e span
is 34 ft. 6 in., b o th wings; length
28 ft. 6 in .; height 11 ft. 5 in. Two
fixed Brow ning guns, firing
through prop, an d tw in Lewis
guns on flexible m ounting in rear
cockpit. Speed 151 m .p.h.

34
 VEN as late as 1927, any of us whose endeavors
E were along aeronautical lines could easily identify
most of the commercial airplanes then in use after
no more than a casual glance, and sometimes even at a
considerable distance. In fact, we could go still further
and add a bit more about the name of engine, the year’s
model of the airplane and other qualifying statements
which were generally quite accurate.
The last few years with the tremendous increase in air'
craft manufacture have wrought an entirely different state
of affairs. Even airport managers, accustomed as they
are to seeing incoming aircraft of all makes, types and
vintages, must often wait for an airplane to taxi closer
until the manufacturer’s trade mark is legible before they
are sure of the make of airplane which has landed within
their domain.
Nor are commercial types alone difficult to identify.
There 'was a time when army airplanes, especially single
and biplace models, were so different from existing com'
mercial types that one could positively pick them out of
an assemblage of their commercial airmates with no trouble
at all.
Now, however, we have commercial sport types with
just as “sporty” lines as any of our pursuit planes, and we
even have army pursuit planes which, while capable of
high speed, look much the same as the slower types. No
longer are chrome'yellow wings and tail surfaces and olive'
drab fuselage the distinguishing marks of a military air'
plane, for not a few manufacturers of commercial types
have adopted this color scheme for their own products.
How, then, can we tell them apart? As we walk toward
a number of parked airplanes, how can we pick out the
one belonging to the Air Corps, and then, having picked
A C urtiss J N .4 —m ore fam ously and fam iliarly known as th e “J e n n y "— a w artim e train er
•f e. .
it out, what do we find out about it as we come closer?
If the fuselage is olive'drab and the wings chrome'yellow
in color, it might be an army airplane. If we approach it
and see the familiar red, white and blue circlediva-star-in'
a'circle, underneath the lower wings and on top of the
upper ones; and then casting our eyes rearward observe
that the rudder is marked with a vertical blue stripe next
to the rudder post and thirteen alternated red and white
horizontal stripes to the rear of the blue one, then we know
for a certainty that this airplane belongs to Uncle Sam
and has been paid for by the Army Air Corps.
O confirm this we have only to look at the rear part
T of the side of the fuselage just forward of the tail
group and we see the letters, “U. S. ARMY” marked
thereon, with the same words in much larger lettering
spread along the bottom of the lower wings.
Omitting any reference to the shape or size of the air'
plane in question, it might be any one of eight military
models, or made at any one of the twelve aircraft factories
which have Air Corps contracts. And herein comes the
second line of the three which are topped by the one
reading “U. S. ARMY” on the side of the fuselage.
This second line tells us the name, of the manufacturer,
followed by the model designation of this particular air­
plane. The model designations are as follows:
Model Designation
Pursuit (fighting) planes ........................ P
Observation planes ................................................ O
Attack (ground straffing) planes ........................ A
Transport, Cargo, Ambulance,Workshop planes C
Bombardment planes ............................................ B
Primary Training planes ......................................PT
35
36 MODEL AIRPLANE HEWS

Basic T r a i n i n g
planes, used in
transition f r o m
Primary type to
service type
planes ................BT
Photographic planes
.............................. F
Airplanes of experi-
mental and service test
status are prefixed by
the letters, “X” and
“Y.” Thus a type that
is being developed
either at a factory or
at the Air Corps En­
gineering Station at
Wright Field, Dayton,
Ohio, would be label­
ed, were it a pursuit
plane, “XP,” followed
by a number which Two Glostcr G reb e B ritish fighters in close form ation
would classify it ac-
cording to its type; such as “XP6,” which was the experi­ new type of airplane, basic training, designated by the
mental stage of a pursuit plane made by the Curtiss Com­ symbol, "BT,” replaces the “A T.”
pany somewhat on the style of the Curtiss Haw\. Primary training, basic training, cargo and photographic
If this experimental model proves to be of an acceptable airplanes as used in the Army are practically the same as
type a small lot is then bought and put out at some active those used for the same purpose in civil aviation.
station for service test; that is, used in the service with Primary training planes are light, two-place planes used
other pursuit machines to test their serviceability and desir­ for primary instruction in flying. Basic training planes are
ability. The letter “Y” would be substituted for “X” and used in transition instruction where the. student flyer
they would then be labeled (in this case) “YP6” or graduates from primary types and is ready to fly the larger
“Y1P6.” service types. The basic training plane is much the same
Airplanes of this status, on completion of the service as an attack or observation airplane except it has dual
tests, will be reclassified as standard, substitute standard, controls.
limited standard, or obsolete, depending on the results of
the service tests. When thus reclassified, the prefix letter ARGO airplanes are generally tri-motored transport
“Y” or the symbol “Y l,” as the case may be, will be C monoplanes, although some single-engined cabin bi­
dropped and the airplane identified by the remainder of planes are also used.
the model designation which consists of a letter or letters Photographic planes may be observation planes used for
indicating the type, and a number indicating the model. photography, but a number of Fairchild 71, single-engined
Subsequent standard airplanes procured as a result of satis­ cabin monoplanes are now being used for this purpose.
factory service test will Have a letter suffix added to this PURSUIT PLANES—P-1 AND P-12
model designation. “P” stands for pursuit. Type is single-seaters, although
The designation of an airplane with changes and im­ experiments are being carried on with bi-place pursuit
provements incorporated as a result of tests and experience planes. Pursuit planes carry two machine guns mounted
with that particular model would have an additional letter under the cowling, forward of the pilot; one, .30 cal.
added or changed, as the Boeing Pursuit P-12-B. When Browning and one, .50 cal. Browning. Both guns are
a new lot was purchased, equipped with improved landing synchronized with the engine so they can not fire while a
gear, ring cowling and other improvements, it was redesig­ propeller blade is in the line of fire.
nated the P-12-C. A major change, such as a change in
the type of engine would be designated by the next un­ The ·mission of pursuit aviation is to shoot down and
assigned model number, such as the redesignation of the destroy enemy aircraft and thus also protect their own air
P-1 A to that of P-2. and ground forces. They must be fast, maneuverable at
high altitudes and have high ceiling.
N accordance with the policy effected under the date of Curtiss Haw\, P-l-C:
I January 6, 1930, aircraft will be considered absolete as
to type five years from date of procurement. This creates
Gross weight—2973 lbs. Span 31' 6". W ing Area—
252 sq. ft.
the status of serviceable obsolete airplanes which will be Wing Curve, Clark “Y” ; Wing Loading 11.8 lbs./ sq. ft.
retained in service until actually condemned. When de­ Engine—Curtiss Water-cooled “V ” 12 cyl. D-12-E, of
clared obsolete, the letter, “Z” will be prefixed to the type 435 H.P. at 2300 R.P.M.
designation; for example, the type Ρ ΊΒ airplane when Speed, sea level— 154 M.P.N.; Landing Speed, 58
declared obsolete under the policy referred to will be desig­ M.P.N
nated by “Ζ Ρ ΊΒ .” Service ceiling 20,800 ft.; Climb 20,000 ft. in 34 mins.
The model designations “LB” and “HB” formerly as­ Absolute ceiling 22,300 ft.
signed to light bombardment and heavy bombardment air­ Boeing P-12-C:
planes respectively; and the model designation, “A T” for­ Gross weight—2597 lbs. Span—30 ft. Wing area—
merly assigned to airplanes used for transformation train­ 227.5 sq. ft.
ing, have been discontinued. Airplanes of the bombard­ Curve, Boeing 106; W ing loading 11.58 lbs./ sq. ft.
ment type will hereafter be designated by the type symbol Wheel brakes and metal ailerons and tail surfaces.
“B” combined with a number to designate the model. A Engine—Pratt & Whitney (Continued on page 44)
—ιJet blaeA
ó & A ite
MODEL
AIRPLAHE
HEWS
37
 38
B a ll, o f G re a t
B r ita in
( Continued from page 5)
air and take the risks he could not take
with a companion to be considered. A t
last this was granted. He was free and
thirsting for action.
O n July 26, he accomplished a daring
feat which was to bring him the Military
Cross. He went out after a German bal-
loon which was known to be in the vicinity.
He failed and came back. Then he volun-
tccrcd to go out again. This time he suc-
cccdcd in setting the balloon afire, but his
engine was badly hit and he was forced to
fly back at half-speed over the eight miles
of German territory. To make it worse he
had to travel a few feet from the ground.
By this time his total was six enemy
machines and one balloon.
In August, Ball was created a full lieu-
tenant. His particular exploit at that time
was the occasion he brought down three
machines in one morning, a feat equalled
only by Nungcsscr, the French ace, whose
tactics in combat so closely resembled his
own.
One of his famous scraps was his fight
with twelve enemy planes. They were fly'
ing in formation and Ball dived into their
midst and put the nearest one out of ac'
tion. The others came forward. Balls
machine was literally riddled with bullets
but he succeeded in getting away unharmed.
Once home he said nothing but the report
of an observer identified him as the victor
in the episode.
By September, 1916, he was officially
credited with having destroyed tw enty'three
planes, and he was rapidly adding to the
total. The British Government then added
the Distinguished Service O rder to his dec'
orations. It is easy to believe that he had
in reality many more victories than were
officially credited to him, as numerous times
he brought down planes so far into German
territory that no official verification could
be made.
A nother exploit of his aroused great ad'
miration throughout the country. Sighting
a group of seven enemy machines, he
singled one out at less than ten yards range
and brought it down. W hen he was ready
to take on the others, they had dashed off
in confusion. He went after them. Soon
he found himself in the presence of five
other hostile planes. H e fired at one from
an eight-yard range and the enemy cxplod'
cd in the air. A second came on but Ball
sent him down in a crash. By this time
his drum was empty and he hastened away
to reload it. H e flew back again. Irm
mediately he crippled one of the three
enemy planes and forced it down. By this
time he was chagrined to find that his gas
tank was almost empty and he was forced
to return. The machine was riddled with
bullets but he was unharmed.
An achievement that is worth telling took
place when he was going toward Cambrai
with two other machines to view a southern
airdrome. A number of Albatros scouts
hove into sight. Ball dived at the nearest
one and fired. It broke away but he hung
relentlessly on its tail, firing repeatedly. A t
MODEL AIRPLANE HEWS
last he managed to maneuver his position
so that lie was underneath at close range.
The enemy went down. In the meantime
the German formation had scattered. Ball
and a companion made after them. They
. dived but were suddenly met by an u n '
expected sight— four additional Albatros
scouts had joined the others. Ball followed
his usual methods of offensive warfare and
crashed one German. The others turned
tail and made for home.
By this time Ball was bringing down an
average of two enemy planes a day. Then
he was sent home to teach other men what
he knew and was decorated by the King
with the Distinguished Service O rder and
two bars. However, he longed to get back
to the front and reluctantly permission was
given him to return to battle; though not
before he had designed a fast flying scout
machine. He was expert in airplane con'
struction and always crying the need for
better aircraft.
France saw him once more. Soon after
his return he accomplished the amazing
feat of downing four enemy machines in
less than ten minutes. He was alone. Sud'
denly he was attacked by five planes. He
determined to stay and flung himself at the
nearest one. The enemy machines went
crashing down. Then Ball, too, went down,
letting his plane fall almost vertically in
what airmen then called the death leap.
However, ten yards from the ground he
straightened out his machine, and before
. the three remaining Germans could mancu'
ver back into favorable positions, he had
soared above them and destroyed one. A n '
other had crashed in getting back into posi'
tion. The last one escaped.
Then came the evening of May 7, 1916.
Ball set out in a single'seater triplane nuin-
bered 10046, accompanied by another
plane. Ball never returned.
Many conflicting reports were given and
much mystery surrounded the occurences of
that day. In the circumstances, it is best
to relate here what appears to be the most
probable report.
The two Englishmen encountered an
enemy plane which they immediately
brought down. Suddenly they were beset
by four others. Ball’s companion found
himself at the mercy of the enemy because
of his unfavorable position at the moment.
He immediately went into a tailspin to re'
gain position, obtained altitude and return-
ed to the fight. Then he brought down
a plane and turned to another when a bul­
let fractured his wrist and another broke
his steering lever. He withdrew at once
in great pain and fainted on regaining his
own lines.
The details of what happened after he
left Ball to the three Germans remained
unknown. His comrades at first had no
fears for him, as he had often held his own
with a greater number of the enemy. Then
the report came. His triplane had been
brought down by von Richthofen, and he
had been killed outright!
von Richthofen, while verifying the de­
feat and death of Ball, attributed the vic­
tory to his own younger brother, Lothar.
It is known that Ball had always been anx­
ious to fight the great German ace and had
often sent messages that he was waiting
"upstairs,” but the challenge had never
been accepted. W ho knows but that on
May 7, it was taken up?
A t the time of his death A lbert Ball was
not yet twenty-one, and held the world's
record for aerial victories— forty-three air­
planes and one balloon.
A t heart he was always the sportsman,
never the killer, and it was only his love
of a good fight and the knowledge that he
must do his duty that urged him on to
more victories. His true feelings were re­
vealed in a letter which he wrote home
shortly before his death:
“It was a good fight and the H uns were
fine sports. . . . I am indeed looked after
by God, but I do get tired of always living
to kill, and I am really beginning to feel
like a murderer. I shall be so pleased
when I have finished.”
H ow Y o u L e a rn
to Glide
( Continued from page 10)
point the pilot cries “Let go!” and the
tail men drop the rope attached to the tail
and away and up shoots the glider as
though hurled from a slingshot. This
method is ideal where the space for the
take-off is small and altitude is needed at
once to take advantage of the air currents.
By utilizing the slope-winds or currents
of air flowing up and over the sides, or
slopes, of ridges and hills, the student is
taught to navigate his machine back and
forth along the side of the mountain, soar­
ing high above the starting point.
O f course, great skill in soaring cannot
be taught at a school. T hat only comes
with great patience and hard work, as docs
anything similarly worthwhile.
Outside of the thrills and wonderful
sport that arc part of all soaring flights, there
are various licenses to be obtained. The
F. A. I., or Fédération Acronautiquc In ­
ternationale, issues three classes of soaring
or gliding licenses. T he third-class test is
to make a flight from an altitude of thirty
seconds. This is usually made by a glide
down a long hill. The second class license
is obtained by making a one-minute flight,
including right and left turns from a height.
Before this test can be taken two flights
of 45 seconds must be made. The first class
or real soaring license can only be obtained
by taking-off and remaining above the
take-off point for a period of five minutes.
This means that the pilot is really soar­
ing, utilizing the slope-winds or hot up-
currents to keep him aloft, rather than the
long glide down from a height.
Gliding and soaring is one of the most
fascinating and thrilling sports in the
world and at the same time almost the
safest. Only through rank carelessness on
the part of either the student or the in­
structor, can any serious accident mar the
rapid, inexpensive, and thrilling course of
instruction at any good, recognized gliding
and soaring school. One does not need a
“ good luck” charm to see him through the
so-called “ dangers” of gliding. The only
charm to carry is, as “ W olf” Hirth, Ger­
many’s famous soaring ace, told me not so
long ago, “Confidence in yourself!"

('Continued from page 16)
fifth, John Valentine, 4 minutes.
Free'for'all speed event: First, Roger
Dcsbrosses, 1 4/5 seconds, translated into
mileages— about 49 miles an hour; second,
Henry Orzcchowski, 2 1/4 seconds; third,
John W erner, 4 seconds; fourth, Phillip
Zcchitella, 5 seconds, and fifth, Lewis
Owne, 9 seconds.
Replica models: First, Phillip Zcchitella
—Stinson (Lycoming); second, Edward
Dobrin, tri-motored Ford; third, A drian
Wallace, Travel-Air Mystery R, and hon­
orable mention, Pelo Desiderio, Curtiss
"Hawk.”
Commercial model event: First, A lton du
Flan, 1 minute 15 seconds; second, Hy
Kessler, 38 seconds; third, W illard Bixby,
18 seconds; fourth, A rthur Boland, 17 sec­
onds, and fifth, John McNicholas, 13
seconds.
Willard Bixby, by his showing in the
twin-pusher and commercial model events,
gaining a total of 8 points, won the city
championship trophy. Hy Kessler and
Phillip Zcchitella tied for second plane with
seven points each.
/ ^ \N E of our Australian enthusiasts is
anxious to secure a "pen pal” in the
United States with whom he can correspond
on matters concerning aviation and so
forth. His name is A. Nicholls, 27 Gamon
Street, Fortscray, W . 11, Melbourne, A us­
tralia. Here's a chance for somebody to
learn something of w hat's doing in avia­
tion in Australia, so why not drop Nicholls
a line!
In the same mail that brought Nicholls’
letter came one which tells of a commer­
cial model endurance flight of more than
24 minutes. Phew! T hat’s a record, if you
like. The Australian model airplane offi­
cials arc now considering the question of
accepting the time and promulgating it as
an official record. If that is done there’s
a mark for American model builders to
shoot at!
'^ T IN E T Y -T W O entries of model air-
·*■ ~ plane enthusiasts from Sioux City and
Sioux Falls entered in close competition in
our first city-wide Model A irplane Circus.
The Scale Model Contest was extremely
interesting, A rthur Patch of Sioux City
winning first prize by a score of 90.4, with
a beautiful Boeing 100— Sport Model.
Second place was won by Oscar M anson of
Sioux Falls with a V ought Corsair model,
score of 90.3. These models captured the
interest of the public in a great way.
Especially interesting was the indoor
flying at the Rickenbackcr A irport Hangar.
The best indoor time was gotten by James
Cox of Sioux Falls with a 2 ft. 47Vi in.
A strong wind prevented much of an
exhibition in the outdoor flights although
James Cox here again captured first place
honors with his twin-pusher, staying aloft
1 ft. 8 in.
All winners were the guests of the Ki-
wanis Club at a banquet. A t this time a
most elaborate group of prizes were pre­
sented to the winners. The classes were
arranged as follows: Class A — ages 18 and
over; Class B— ages 14 to 18; Class C—
ages 14 and under.
MODEL AIRPLANE HEWS
A m e rica n Sky
C adets
Stock models and novelty maneuvering
events were equally well received.
It is planned that this shall be an an­
nual event sponsored as it was this year, by
the Sioux City Y. M. C. A. and the Sioux
City Chapter, National Aeronautical As­
sociation.
Complete results of the Circus were as
follows:
Class A — O utdoor Flying
1— Jay Hvistcndahl, SF........ — 57"
2— Oscar Manson, SF............. — 521/}"
Class B— Outdoor Flying
1— James Cox, SF.......... Γ8"
2— Earle Johnson, SC.... 4 ’6 % "
3— Bill Miller, SF.......... 1'4"
T h e tournam ent drew n o t only young model
airplane enthusiasts, b u t also some of the
old tim ers. P h o to shows C aptain Loftus-
Price, ex-Royal Flying Corps, and C aptain
F red A. Pippig, of von R ichthofen’s Circus,
discussing th e ‘‘old days”
Class C— Outdoor Flying
1— H ubert Everist, SC............... 201/2,/
2— Phillip Everist, SC............... 20"
Class A — Indoor Flying
1— Jay Hvistcndahl, SF...... 2'34,/ i "
2— Oscar Manson, SF......... T45"
3— Nels Manson, SF........... 1'4"
Class B— Indoor Flying
1— James Cox, SF............... 2'471/2//
2— Earle Johnson, SC......... I'ifP/z"
3— Ralph Youngbcrg, SF.... l'56!/2"
Class C— Indoor Flying
1— H ubert Everist, SC............. 58"
2— Ted Fisher, SF.................... 41"
39
3— Phil Everist, SC..................... 24"
Class A— N ovelty Flying
1— Oscar Manson, SF.
2— Nels M anson, SF.
3— Jay H vistcndahl, SF.
Class B— Novelty Flying
1— Earle Johnson, SC.
2— Bill Wolff, SC. .
3— James Cox, SF.
Class C— Novelty Flying
1— Phil Everist, SC.
2— H ubert Everist, SC.
Class A — Scale Models (100 pt. judging)
1— A rt Patch, SC, Boeing Sport
100 ........................................ 90.4
2— Oscar Manson, SF, Vought
Corsair ................................. 90.3
3— Nels Manson, SF, Lockheed
Vega ...................................... 85.8
Class B— Scale Models
1— Bill Shoemaker, SC, “ Spirit of
St. Louis” ............................. 71.
2— Frank Reinhold, SC, Army
Hawk ...................................... 53.2
3— George Hutchins, SC, Army
H awk ...................................... 50.5
Class C— Scale Models
1— Bob Shoemaker, SC, Lockheed
Sirius ................................... 61.75
2— M yron Clark, SC, Stinson D e­
troiter ...................................60.5
Class A — Stock Models
1— Geo. Funke, SC.
2— Dick W oodw ard, SC.
Class B— Stock Models
1— James Cox, SF.
2— Ralph Youngbcrg, SF.
3— Earle Johnson, SC.
High Point Winners.
Class A — Oscar Manson, Sioux Falls, 14pts.
Class B— James Cox, Sioux Falls, 16 pts.
Class C —H ubert Everist, Sioux City, 13 pts.
SF indicates residence in Sioux Falls.
SC indicates residence in Sioux City.
* I Ή Ε most successful meet in the history
A of the Hamilton branch of the Model
A ircraft League of Canada was staged re­
cently. Several new local records were es­
tablished, and scores of excellent flights
were made by the large number of con­
testants.
Gordon Chalmers showed his superiority
in the Baby R.O.G. and Commercial classes
by winning both events, his time being two
minutes two seconds in each event. The
old record for Baby R .O .G .’s was fifty-nine
seconds. Ted Booth, with a new city record
of four minutes nineteen seconds, won the
tractor contest.
The winners, times, and prizes are as
follows:
Baby R .O .G .: 1. Gordon Chalmers, 2:02,
awarded the Spectator Trophy; 2. Ted
Booth, 1 :08, awarded $5 merchandise
at T. Eaton Co.
Indoor Tractor: 1. Ted Booth, 4:19,
awarded S. S. Booth Trophy; 2. John
Finlay, 2:30, awarded A. V . Young
T rophy.
Indoor Commercial: 1. Gordon Chalmers,
2:02, awarded Greening Rainbow
Trophy; 2. Lawrence Berwick, :53,
awarded J. J. MacKay Trophy.
Seals Models: 1. Lawrence Berwick, Lock­
heed Vega. Roydon Foley Trophy; 2.
40
H enry Sprague, Curtiss Condor, award'
cd merchandise. Honorable mention,
A rthur W ilkins, Lockheed Vega.
X I ΓΕ arc indebted to the H artford Times
’ * for the following report of the recent
model airplane tournam ent held under the
auspices of the H artford Y. M. C. A . The
report follows:
H artford carried off the honors in the
second state model airplane meet, held in
the armory when more than forty boys
from six clubs competed for fourteen
prizes. John Tysccwicz of the H artford
Aero Model Club won the Hiram Percy
Maxim Trophy for the longest hand'
launched flight made by a H artford boy's
plane; $10 in gold for the H artford
county representative winning the highest
number of points; second prize in both the
hand-launched duration and R. O. G. (rise
off ground) commercial duration contest,
and first place in the novelty contest.
The H artford Model Club won the
Savitt Cup awarded to the club scoring the
highest number of points. The club scored
27 points.
The meet was sponsored by the H a rt'
ford Model Club, which is affiliated with
the H artford Y. M. C. A. Lieutenant
Richard B. Bourne of the Forty-third
Division Aviation, C. N . G., was director
of the meet.
Herbert W . Owen, of New Britain, won
two first places, the hand-launched duration
and the commercial R. O. G. In the first
contest his ship not only won but broke the
state record by flying 520 3/5 seconds or
eight minutes and 40 3/5 seconds, a re­
markable flight. The world record is just
a few seconds under twelve minutes. For
this outstanding event he was awarded the
Forty-third Division Aviation Trophy and
an airplane ride. A nother model of his
also won first honors in the commercial R.
O. G. contest. This ship flew for 295 2/5
seconds and Owen won a loving cup pre­
sented by the Forty-third Aero Club of
Meriden and an airplane ride.
The prizes included four cups, two
medals, a $10 gold piece, a $5 gold piece,
$3, a book on model airplane construction,
a radio crystal set, a twenty-minute course
of flying instruction, and several airplane
rides.
The armory had all the activity, suspense
and competition of a regular airplane meet,
but had very little noise and many more
crashes. Planes flew low when they should
have flown high, and spectators and officials
ducked to the floor to escape being hit.
Stubborn little ships, with hours of patient
work in their flimsy paper wings, persisted
in lodging in girders thirty or forty feet
from the floor, or tail-spinning to destruc­
tion on the floor. One boy climbed the
girders almost to the skylight of the armory
to rescue his tiny ship, only to lose it ten
minutes later when it caught on an electric
light with no ladder available.
Besides the duration contests for hand-
launched and commercial models, a novelty
contest was held, in which many remark­
able and weird-looking craft participated.
There was a speed plane, built on the “ fly­
ing wing" principle. It had two propellers
attached on each end of a short red wing.
It took off from the ground, climbed al­
MODEL A l RP L A H E HEWS
most straight up, and then fluttered to the
ground again. A nother was a helicopter A e ria l R ad io
arrangement, that also went straight up, (Continued from page 19)
and landed on its tail.
The plane that won the novelty contest that the insulating material must be strong
was made by Tysccwicz, and to begin with enough to prevent leakage or puncturing
was a beautifully-made model of an army at the voltage for which it is designed.
biplane, with a tiny machine gun mounted
on the top wing. It took off from the floor
and looped and dove excellently in test
flights. On the first preliminary flight,
however, it flew so well that it w ent up
some twenty feet and at the bottom of a
loop hit a girder and fluttered to the ground
with the top wing broken. It was picked up
and the owner said lie would have it ready
for the finals. W hen his turn came, he
presented the plane, this time a low-wing
monoplane, and in the contest it flew even
better than it had with two wings, winning
the prize.
Results of the contests, in order of
finishing:
Hand-launched duration flight— H. W .
Owen, New Britain Junior Achievement
Club, 520 3/5 seconds; John Tysccwicz,
H artford Aero Model Club, 446 seconds; Condenser capacity is measured in farads,
Edmund Morrison, H artford, 377 seconds; which, for convenience sake, arc divided
H. C. Doolittle, Highhattcrs Model Club into millionth parts called microfarads,
of Southington, 325 3/5 seconds; J. W ar­ written mfd. The peculiarity of these con­
ren, H artford, 313 2/5 seconds; Clifford densers is that they permit the flow of an
Purinton, H artford, 310 seconds. alternating current while preventing the
Commercial, rise off ground for duration flow of a direct current.
— Owen, 295 2/5 seconds; Tysccwicz, 147
seconds; Doolittle, 136 2/5 seconds; J.
Ricci, Hat-in-thc-Ring Aero Club, N o r­
wich, 136 1/5 seconds; J. Magna, H artford,
133 seconds.
Novelty, Tysccwicz, H artford, first; Ed­
mund Morrison, H artford, second; William Ί
Gabb, H artford, third; Paul A. Schmidt, / -
H artford, fourth; Doolittle, Southington,
fifth.
Finishers in the club contest for the Sa­
vitt Trophy— H artford Aero Model Club,
27 points; Junior Achievement Aero Club, □ \j Li
New Britain, 10 points; Highhattcrs of
Torrington, six points; Hat-in-the-Ring Club Ft& 6 - V A R /A D L i C oN D C /\
of Norwich, two points.
Lieutenant Bourne was assisted by the i
following corps of officials: A lbert D. The variable condenser consists of two
Adams, Ross A. Hull, A. L. Budlong, B. sets of plates which are mounted on sup­
E. Moore, Jr., A. H. Pepin, W arren H. ports insulated from each other. One of
Smith, O. W . Degen and C. Donald Me- the sets is movable, and, by moving a knob
Kclvie. can be rotated so as to interleave the fixed
The B.F.W .-M 23C
(Continued from page 23)
The frame (21) is made of bamboo. The
finished stabilizer is covered on both sides
and glued to the fuselage along the line
of thrust.
The rudder, shown in Figure 9, is also
made of 1 /1 6 " square balsa and the frame
(20) of bamboo. A fter covering the ru d ­
der on both sides, glue it to the end of
the fuselage as shown in the drawing. The
model is now finished.
If you desire to color your model, paint
the sides and bottom of the fuselage brown
and the propeller and fuselage, up to sec­ set. The rotating of the movable plates
tion C-D, silver. The top of the fuselage varies the capacity of the condenser, and
and fin take a coat of natural dope. The this in turn varies the capacity of the cur­
rudder is brown, the shock absorbers silver rent to which it is connected. By this
and the rest of the landing gear and the means the set can be adjusted to the capa­
tail skid are black. The wings and ele­ city of incoming waves and a sharper or.
vator are yellow. clearer reception is possible.

T he A irp la n e
Engine
( Continued from page 8)
condition is true at idling speed. H ere the
compression of the fuel charge is at a mini'
mum and a richer charge must be sup'
plied to insure ready ignition. All of these
cases are satisfactorily met by the present'
day carburetor.
Basically, the carburetor consists of a
vertical, hollow jet in which is maintained
a constant supply of liquid gasoline. This
jet is fed from a bowl in which is a float
that governs the height of the liquid in both
the bowl and the jet. As the air is led
around the jet at a high rate of speed, it
draws the liquid fuel out into the passage'
way as bubbles. Drawn into the swift
stream of air, the fuel is further vaporized
and is led off to the various cylinders where
it is ignited.
The velocity of the air flowing past the
carburetor jet is created by the suction of
the downward moving pistons within the
cylinders. The intake valve opens as the
pistons start downward and this suction
reaches through the manifold and on to
the carburetor. This velocity is increased
by passing the incoming air through a veiv
turi or a choked throat in the center of
which is located the jet. T o provide for
varying conditions, both the venturi and
the fuel jets can be changed and different
sized ones substituted.
The speed of the airplane engine is con'
trolled by the opening or closing of a b ut'
terfly valve in the throat of the venturi.
If the valve obstructs the passageway, n a t'
urally less vapor will be able to find its
way to the cylinders, and hence less power
will be developed. Consequently, the en-
gine speed will drop.
Since the butterfly valve is placed above
the main jet, little suction will be acting
on the jet when the engine is throttled
down. Accordingly, a very weak mixture
will go to the cylinders and the engine will
not operate smoothly. A n idling jet is
placed in the side wall at a point where
sufficient suction exists to draw out the nec'
essary amount of fuel. This secondary jet
provides for engine speeds from the lowest
idling speeds, about 250 revolutions, to
about 800 revolutions. A t this point the
fuel is drawn from the main jet.
A quick build-up of engine speeds from
idling to full throttle would exhaust the
fuel from the main jet before the inertia
would permit a renewal of the supply. As
a result, the engine would cut out any time
the throttle was opened quickly. T o p re'
vent this an enlarged space is built in the
base of the main jet. This well fills up
under normal operation.
As the throttle is opened quickly the well
provides a supply of fuel that can be
used until it can be renewed from the bowl.
It thus prevents any lag between the th r o t'.
tie opening and the acceleration of the cn'
gine. This device is called the accelerating
well.
As a plane climbs above its normal levels
the air becomes less dense. In efTect, the
air becomes thin. Consequently, the fuel
mixture going to the cylinders would be'
come overly rich and lose power. Hence,
MODEL AIRPLANE HEWS
National’s Latest Developments!
National Model Engineers present you more famous
flying scale models. Havo you built any of these
interesting 12" Midget scale models? All Excellent
Flyers. Join the thousands of boys who arc build­
ing them and find them the best flying scale models
ever developed by any model airplane company.
Due to their extreme lightness, and sturdy con­
struction, these models can be flown numerous
times without cracking up.
Midget Travel Air Mystery Ship, 12" wing spread.
Complete Kit. detailed blueprint. All material. In­
cluding Jap Tissue in beautiful colors.
P O S T P A ID , $1.10
Midget Fokker Triplanc, 12" wing spread. Com­
plete Kit, detailed blueprint. All material, check­
ered tissuo in beautiful colors. P O S T P A ID , $1.10.
OTHER M IDGET MO D EL S, 12" Wing Spread
Kacb construction set is complete in every detail.
including full size blueprint.
N1EUBORT SCOUT, postpaid ......................... $1.10
FOKKER D-7, postpaid .................................... 1.10
S. E. 5, postpaid ............................................... 1.10
Albatross, postpaid ............................................. 1.10
Spad, postpaid .................................................... 1.10
Curtiss Army Hawk, postpaid........................... 1.10
Curtiss Falcon, postpaid .................................... 1.10
Curtiss Robin, postpaid .................................... 1.10
Boeing P-12, postpaid .......................................... 1.10
Heath Parasol, postpaid .................................... 1.10
Sikorsky S-3S, postpaid .................................... 1.10
See previous issues for pictures of these Midget
Models.
M I D G E T S C A L E M O D E L B L U E P R I N T S , 25c each
Any Midget Model Ready to Fly
Postpaid, only.................. $4.40
NATIO NAL M ODEL AIR C R A FT & SU P P L Y CO.
2 9 N orth A ve., New R o ch elle, N. Y. D ept. A -1 5
“H E R E IT IS ” T H E B O E IN G F IG H T E R
Wo aro proud to announce our newly designed Boeing Fighter. Tills model has been accurately scaled down to
a 24" flying model, with all the quality and beauty of the big ship. Kit contains full size drawings, celluloid
motor, wheels, ready cut balsa ribs, stamped bulkheads, shaped nose block, star in circle, formed wire parts,
tissue, gluo, and dope. To Introduce this trim model for this month you will receive free one hand carved balsa
Propeller like the above Illustration with each kit. a t a new low price. Wo pay postage in U. S. Add 10 per
cent for Canadian orders. Full size drawing (Boeing Fighter) 27x10, postpaid, 50c..
2 Ounces.
$ 2 .7 5 24" Wing Span
Red Bird Model Airplanes & Supplies, 3910 N. 22nd Street, Omaha, Nebr.
41
N EW
FIV E BRAND NE W D E S I G N E D 2 F T .
S C A LE M O D E L S
FLYING
In order to give every boy an opportunity to build
2 ft. models of famous war planes National Model
engineers have made i: possible to produce con­
struction sets of the same high quality as our other
2 ft. sets, but for only $11.00. Each construction set
contains all material, blueprint and insignias to
build the model.
2 ft. Albatross Complete Construction Set Q í Oft
to build tins famous German plane. Only
Noto its camouflaged covering. Supplied with con­
struction set.
O T H F R 2 F T . M O D E L S FOR Y O U T O BUILD
Fokker D-7 ........................................................... $3.00
Fokker Triplano .................................................... 3.00
Spad ........................................................................ 3.C0
Nieuport..................................................................... 3.00
Boeing P-12 ......................................................... 3.75
Vought Corsair .................................................... 3.75
Travel Air Mystery SIflp ................................. 3.50
Stinson-Detroitcr .................................................. 3.50
Lockheed Sirius .................................................... 3.00
Curtiss Hawk ....................................................... 3.00
Heath Parasol ..................................................... 3.00
Blueprint included in each set. Blueprint only,
50c. each.
Any 2 ft. model ready to fly, $12.00.
A N O T H E R D E V E L O P M E N T OF N A T I O N A L . ,
MODEL EN GINEERS.
Camouflaged Genuine Japanese Tissue to Cover
Your Wartime Models of Any Design.
Per sheet ........................................ 10
Checkered Tissue, yellow, orange, red, green, bluo
or black on white, also black on red..
Per sheet ........................................ 10
No C. O. D. Orders accepted.
Cataloguo D 36 pase listing all NATIONAL
MODELS and SUPPLIES, sent upon receipt of 5c.
National Model Aircraft Bulletin, describing Na­
tional’s activities sent anywhere for 2c.
AGENTS W ANTED
J Wo want one dealer or agent in every town
I to handle National Model Airplane Sets and
. Supplies. Because of their proven quality, a
I National model dealer with sets and parts to
, supply Immediate wants can mako big money,
j Write for full details.
I Namo
j Address
42
SPECIAL
Reliance Balancing Feature
No Weights A re Used
Reliance M idget C urtiss A rm y H awk
Now you can build the Curtiss Army ITawk and
feel coutldont that it will fly when It Is completed,
tor in this model Is embodied a special Jtcllanco
balancing feature— (NO weights are used). This
decided feature allows the builder to adjust his
plane and make flights that are only credited to
expert builders.
K it contains—
Die Cut Ribs, F O R M E R S , etc. Wood cut
to sire and all other materials with full size
detailed drawings containing actual photo­
graphs of this model.
Price, com plete K i t _____________$1.00
Postage extra __ ________________ .15
The FOKKER D-7
(Flying Model) 27" Wing Span— Weight 3 oz.
Learn some things about model aircraft you never
knew before.
Simplified method of construction makes this
model easy to build. Has die cut ribs, bulkheads,
body. etc.
Shaped nose block, and important pleres of wood
cut to length and size for you. All colored dopes
aro also furnished. In fact this kit contains all
requirements. Nothing further to buy.
The F O K K E R D-7 Construction Kit comploto with
full sizo Blue Prints and Instructions ......... $4.95
Send 10ο (no stamps) for new catalogue.
DEALERS WHITE—only business stationery
will bo recognized.
RELIANCE MODEL AIR C R A F T COMPANY
1304-18 N. Howard Street. Philadelphia. Pa.
BO Y S! LEA RN HOW TO FL Y !
Itcmarkable 10 lesson course, including member­
ship. Class I “Ins, Ratings. Commission. Wings.
Send 25c for first lesson or $2.25 complete. Details
tree. National Young Fliers League, Dept. D, 816
Chimes Bldg., Syracuse, N. Y.
Build this
STEP-,HYDROPLANE
H ere’s a R eal Speedboat!
It scoots over the water at from 10 to 12 miles
an hour! Travels 100 feet with one winding of
rubber motor. All balsa construction, 20" long.
Propeller, strut and cavitation plato (to prevent
churning of water) arc of metal, all assembled.
Build it in 2 Hours
You can build this racer in 2 hours. Wo fur­
nish full sized plans and complete instructions.
Kits contain all necessary materials—balsa, am­
broid, sandpaper, waterproof dope—everything you
need. He the first in your group to build this
popular speedboat. Send $1.50
today for complete kit and direc­
tions. Delivered to you post­
paid. Order your kit today!
BOYCRAFTERS
4560 OR EGO N A V E N U E
D E T R O I T . MI CH .
MODEL AIRPLANE HEWS
the ceiling of the plane would be quite
limited. It is essential to provide the pilot
with means for thinning out the mixture
in order that it will always be properly
proportioned for the best efficiency.
A n air line is run from the carburetor
air passage to the top of the bowl. In this
line is placed a valve which is controlled
from the cockpit. Depending on the posh
tion of the valve, a suction can be placed
on the carburetor bowl and, hence, less
fuel will be permitted to be drawn out from
the jets. The mixture is thus leaned down.
Practically all airplane engines are given
a rich carburetor setting to insure good
combustion on the takeoff. This is, how-
ever, inefficient and uneconomical. Hence,
when once in the air and starting off on
a run, all crosscountry flyers lean down
their mixtures to a more efficient point. It
is possible to save four or five gallons of
gasoline an hour by this method. Care
must be taken not to run too lean for then
the engine will heat up excessively.
The carburetor is designed to operate
in any normal condition. However, in
combat maneuvers or in stunting, success
frequently depends on the continuous oper'
ation of the engine. As long as the pilot
continues to have his weight carried on his
seat, the carburetor will function normally.
T h at is, gravity governs the action of the
.float which operates the position of the
needle valve. The speed at which most*
such maneuvers are done is ordinarily so
great that they are completed before the
carburetor has run dry.
M ost of us have seen some of our great
pilots fly for considerable lengths of time
with their planes in an inverted position.
In this case, the carburetor float does not
cut off the supply of fuel. O n the coiv
trary, the needle valve is kept open, thus
allowing the pressure from the engine'
driven fuel pump to act directly on the
main jets. The result is, of course, a flood'
ed engine which will cut out.
Thus, for inverted flying, a small “re-
striction jet” is placed in the fuel line to
allow only a certain amount of gasoline to
get through. This amount will be suffi'
cient for the full-engine speed, but not
enough to flood the carburetor. The engine
will operate properly on its back for long
periods with this set-up. O f course, a
special arrangement must be made for the
oil circulation, otherwise the engine would
get no lubrication during inverted flight.
W hen operating in cold weather it has
been discovered that the cold air rushing
through the passageway will not properly
atomize the particles of gasoline it draws
from the jets. W hen these small globules
of liquid reach the cylinder they will not
entirely burn because the flames cannot
reach into the drops. Heavy smoke, car'
bon deposits, and low power result. This
condition is certainly not desirable and it
might even be dangerous on a takeoff.
Moreover, the evaporation of the fuel will
lower the temperature in that vicinity and
ice might form which will render the car'
burctor inoperative.
A heater is generally used to combat this
difficulty. Sometimes it is placed to heat
the incoming air, but more often it heats
the mixture after the air has passed through
the carburetor. The exhaust from two cyl­
inders are led through the manifold in
which the vapor is passing on its way to
the cylinders. Naturally, the vapor is heat­
ed and is atomized even further.
O f course, it must be remembered that
the volume of the vapor will expand. Con­
sequently, less of the charge can be drawn
into the cylinder and a slight loss in vol­
umetric efficiency will result. M ost opera­
tors are more than willing to sacrifice this,
however, for the benefits of safety to be
gained.
O ne last unit remains in the carburetion
system of air-cooled engines. O n water-
cooled engines the gaseous vapor is led
directly to the individual cylinders by the
intake manifold. Some of the cylinders
get a full charge while others may be
starved.
The shape of the radial engine permits
the use of an inductor or blower. It is
nothing but a fan or turbine geared direct­
ly to the crankshaft. T he vapor is led
into the center of this blower and thrown
tangentially outward at a high rate of
speed and pressure. A round the periphery
are intake pipes which conduct this vapor
to the cylinders. It is to be seen that the
vapor has been thoroughly mixed and even­
ly distributed to all cylinders. Moreover,
it serves in the nature of a supercharger.
Naturally, more of the charge can be forced
into the cylinder under pressure, thus in­
creasing the volumetric efficiency many per
cent.
The carburetion system is a delicate part
of the airplane engine and can cause much
trouble. O nce correctly set up, however, it
should continue to operate entirely satis­
factorily.
The fourth article of this series will be
a complete discussion of the ignition system
of the airplane engine. This will include
an explanation of the magneto. This
should be especially interesting for it will
explain much about the high tension igni­
tion similar to that used on automobiles.
“ T h e W h a t Is I ť ’ ?
(Continued from page 13)
flat strips of 1/16" balsa. The trailing
edge is a strip of balsa l/%" x J4" beveled
down to 1/1 6 " at its extreme edge. A
solid block of balsa is set into the leading
edge strip between the two middle ribs.
Later a “ V ” is cut in this block to form
the dihedral. Fig. 3 shows the side eleva­
tion with the wing flat.
The first operation in making up the
wing is to form the leading edge strip.
A wooden form is made of J/ t " wood with
the edge rounded off to the approximate
airfoil of the wing. This shape does not
have to be extremely accurate as the ribs
will shape the wing to its true contour.
Now a strip of balsa 1/16" x 1" is
sanded down to 1 /3 2 ", soaked in hot
water for a few minutes, and then care­
fully bent around the form. It can be held
in place with thumb-tacks or with rubber
bands until dried out. W hile it is drying
out, the builder can make the ribs and
trailing edge strip. A fter the leading edge
strip is dry, the wing is assembled as shown
in Fig. 6.
W hen the ambroid has set firmly so
that the wing-frame can be handled, it is
covered with rice or bamboo paper. The
 MODEL AIRP LAKE HEWS 43

paper should be glued to the trailing edge

first, then brought around the leading edge
and back to the trailing edge and glued.
In other words, it is glued to the trailing
edge only for the time being.
Now give the paper a coat of dope.
A fter this has thoroughly dried, glue the
paper to the wing'tip strips. Do not do
this before doping the paper. Distortion of
the wing is likely to result.' This is a tip
which can be applied to advantage on any
wing construction.
A fter the wing has been covered top and
bottom with the paper, the paper is cut
away from the top section between the two
middle ribs. A “V ” is then cut in the
leading edge strip and the small wooden
block, and the dihedral is formed as shown
in Fig. 7.
To hold the dihedral, and at the same
time provide a cradle for the tubular body,
two balsa blocks are shaped as shown in
Fig. 8, and these arc glued to the upper
side of the wing as in Fig. 9. The wing
is held to the body with rubber bands.
Now for the stabilizer and rudder as'
scmbly. Again novelty of construction pre'
vails. Fig. 1 (Plate III) shows how this
assembly is made up. The rudder and the
stabilizer arc both made of a solid piece of
balsa % " thick, which has been beveled off
to all edges to 1/32". This can be done
with sandpaper.
Note how the rudder is mortised into
the stabilizer. However, before doing this,
let us lighten the units by cutting holes as
shown in Figs. 2 and 3. Very sharp, hob
low punches should be used for this job.
These can be made with thin, steel tubing.
The cutting edge should be made by filing
the inside of the tubing with a half-round
file, and then bringing it to a keen edge
with an oil-stone applied to the outer edge.
A fter as much stock as is practical has
been cut away, the wood is doped and
covered on both sides with paper. The
result is a stabilizer assembly which is truly
formed and which is nearly as light as by
following the usual flimsy construction.
This assembly is secured to the body
with the use of balsa cradles and rubber
bands as in the case of the wing. A con­
vex-concave wedge is used under the «as­
sembly for adjustment as shown in Fig. 5.
Fig. 4 illustrates a feature of this model
which is dilferent from the usual model.
Note the slight twist in the stabilizer.
This, in a way, serves the purpose of an
aileron in that it compensates for the re­
actionary torque of the rubber band motor.
Obviously, the body of a single-motored
Scale Models Guaranteed to Fly
17" CURTISS FA LCO N $1.95 P. P.
This scalo model of the Falcon designed by 1.
Sturiale Hies from 200 to 400 ft. consistently. 17"
wing span, weight ·}« ozs. Captain Ixiftus-I’rirc,
Editor of Model Airplane News, has personally
tested and flown the model shown at right, which
was made from the regulation kit by a El year old
boy. Como yourself to our Flying Demonstrations
at various New York airports. Complete Kit, with
rllis. noso block, motal parts, radiator sides, etc.,
partly or entirely tlnlshed. Full size plans, cellu­
loid wheels, extra dope, balsa, etc., included. Send
$1.35 for this great kit today ami fly your Falcon
00 minutes after receiving It.
COMPLETE M ATERIAL K IT
Enough material to build three light planes
tube. AljSt) included free, full size plans
Wo sell special parts needed for its con-
Sclcctcd Balsa in 18" lengths.
Retail
1 pc. 1/32 X 2"........................................... $.05
1 pc. 1/10 X 2"................................................. 05
C pcs. I/Ili X ]/l(i"....................................... 00
12 pcs. 1/8 X 1 / 8" ...........................................12
2 pcs. 1/8 X 1/1"............................................. 00
2 pcs. 3/10 X 3/10"........................................... 00
2 pcs. 1/2 X 3/1".............................................12
2 pes. 1/1 X 1/10 x 12" bamboo................. 02
Total Regular Value ........................................................................................................................ $1.50
C R E S C E N T M O D EL A IR C R A F T , 1805-07 Benson Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
A E R O N A U T I C A L EN G IN EER IN G
A A A A A A A A áA A A A A A A A A
Write for
catalog
TRI-STATE COLLEGE
C U R T IS S -W R IG H T Engineering Trium ph
H ELL-D IV ER
Here’s our Flying Scale Model of the FX8C4. developed for th · IT. S.
22" C urtiss Fledgling $1.95 P. P.
Λ very accurate scale model of the famous Fledg­
ling navy training plane. 1 oz. weight. Designed
by I. Sturiale. Flown and tested by Captain Lof-
tus-Brice. First time on market. Can bo launched
by hand or It. O. G. Makes perfect 3-polnt land­
ing after 300 to 500 ft. flight. Very easy construc­
tion from semi-constructed kit. AH balsa con­
struct ion.
Kit sent postpaid for $1.95
W A T C H FO R E A R L Y A N N O U N C E ­
M E N T O F S E N S A T IO N A L C U R T ISS
H E L L D I V E R F L Y IN G SC A L E
M ODEL. ANOTHER M ODEL DE­
S IG N IN G T R IU M P H O F I. S T U R IA L E
W ITH FLYING GLORY P L A N E S G IV E N
of your ntvn design. Sent, in strong mailing
of the famous Flying Glory 27" cabin plane,
struction.
Retail
10 ft. 1/8 rubber ........................................¥.10
5 ft. No. 8 music wire ............................... 05
1 light and strong propellerhangar..............05
2 sheets 24V4x20V4 tine tissue ..................... 20
2 ozs. Crescent special dupe .................... .25
1 oz. Crescent cement ...................................15
1 pt. % balsa wood w h e els......................... 10
12 very light, brass washers ............... .. .10
4 small eyelets ................................................ 01
DEGREE IN 2 YEARS
Ravo limo and money by taking the Tri-State College course
in Aeronautical Knginecring. 10S weeks. Bachelor of Science
Degree. Graduates In Mechanical Engineering can complete
course in two terms (21 weeks). Thorough training in all
fundamental engineering subjects. Non-cfiscntials eliminated,
(’ourses clo^iKiiod to savo student time and money. I^lyiniT
school facilities available at nearby airports. Enter Septem­
ber, January. March and June. College now in 4<tli year.
Courses arc offered In Civil, Electrical. Mechanical and Chem­
ical Engineering. Also Business Administration and Account­
ing Living cosLs and tuition low. Those who lack high
school may make up work. Graduates successful. Η8Ι College
Ave., Angola, Ind.
ÍÍ5
* 1

model tends to turn in the opposite direc­
tion to the movement of the prop. The
slight twist in the stabilizer overcomes this
torque, and at the sanfie time offers very
little additional drag. The twist can be
formed with the hands by holding the
stabilizer over the kitchen gas range.
Of course, a wide range of props can
be used with this model with varying re­
sults, but the best performance seems to
be had with an 8" balsa wood prop with
a heavy pitch, hooked up with a 12'54j"
strand motor. W ith a winder, the motor
can be wound up about 500 turns, and,
given fair conditions, the model will make
a quarter-mile, straight-away flight. So I
call it The Quarter-M ile "W hat-Is-It?”
Navy. Sensational 2-place bombing lighter which pulls out of 5000 it. verti­
cal power dive with a 1000 lb. bomb.
A R M E D TO T H E T E E T H !
This most accurate Hying scale model ever produced carries all b-ttle
cuuipmcut of real ship. Note Miniature Bomb under fuselage, with auto­
matic releasing device. Two real cockpits, instrument Iward. pilot and ma­
chine gunner. Bear cockpit fitted with life-like machine guns. Moior with
anti-drag ring and tappet valves.
O F F IC IA L C O LO R IN G AND IN SIG N IA
Kit contains gold-yellow, silver and battle grey dope. Ofllcial Γ. S. Navy
Star in circle insignia. Complete full-size blue print, ambroid, celluloid
wheels. Cut prop, blank stamped ribs, wire parts, wood cut to size. Cello­
phane wind shields.
D E S IG N E D FOR FLYING PERFORMANCE
New principle adjustable lifting stabilizer. Bubber motor may be machine wound without removal. X-type
landing gear. Flying Demonstrations at our retail store. Saturdays and Sundays.
Wo Offer as O ur Introductory V alues
IIE L L -D IV E R JU N IO R , 16" span, 7/A oz., $1.35 p.p.
H E L L -D IV E R SE N IO R , 20" span, l'/4 oz., $2.25 p.p.
MONTGOMERY MODEL AIRCRAFT PRODUCTS
D ept M 7. 732 W est Broadway 5 Χ Ώ Λ . "T Æ .,r i' rÆ u„.
W oodmere, Long Island, N. Y.
 44 MODEL AIRPLANE MEWS

A v iatio n A d v iso ry B o a rd
A Golden ( Continued from page 36)

O pportunity W asp, SR 1340 C, radial air-cooled, of Speed, Sea Level, 114 M .P.H .; Landing
325 H.P. at 2200 R.P.M.— has supercharg­ Speed, 55 M .P.H.
er and Townsend ring about motor. Service Ceiling, 13,325 ft.; Climbs to
to Make and Fly High speed at 8,000 ft. alt.— 192 M.P.
H.; Landing Speed, 60 M.P.H.
15.000 ft. in 53 mins.
Absolute Ceiling, 15,700 ft.
Service Ceiling, 29,900 ft.; Climbs tó B-2— Curtiss Co7idor Heavy Bomber:
The Best known 25,000 ft. in 19.47 mins.
Absolute Ceiling, 31,000 ft.; Speed, Sea
Has crew of six. G unners’ cockpits at
rear of each engine nacelle. Bomber in

R.O.G. and Its Level— 167.8 M .P.H.

NOTE: As the engine has a super­
nose of fuselage (also acts as gunner when
necessary). Pilot and co-pilot (navigator)
seated side by side. Radio operator in rear
charger it can not be run at full throttle at
Companions sea level and should not be run until at
about 8,000 feet altitude.
fuselage. Carries 4,000 lbs. of bombs.
Gross weight (w ith bombs) 8 l/ i tons;
A TTA CK PLAN ES— A-3B Span— 90 ft.; W ing A rea— 1,498.6 sq. ft.
M oskito B aby C abin ..................................... 75c Curve— C-72; W ing Loading— 11.2 lbs./
B aby M oskito -Kits ....................................... 35c The “A ” stands for “ attack." Type
M oskito T w in P u sh e r ................................... 1.75 used to attack ground forces, (ground straf­ ■sq. ft.
M oskito F ly e r ................................................... 65c
M oskito Ski Plane ............. >-.......................... 65c fing). Attack planes carry at least six .30 Two engines— Curtiss V type water-
L arg e tu b e aero cem ent ..................... ......... 10c cal. machine guns; two mounted forward cooled 12 cyl. engines, type GV-1570 of
2 oz. can s A ero Dope .................................. 12c
2 oz. cans T h in n er .......................................... 15c of the pilot, two on the lower wings (one 600 H.P. each at 2400 R.P.M.
2 oz. cans C em ent ............................................ 12c on each side) and two mounted on a flex­ Propellers geared to operate at */> en­
1/16x3/32" R ubber, 25 ( t................................. 10c
l/8 x l/8 " R ubber, 25 f t..................................... 20c ible mount which swings about the rear gine speed.
1/16x1/16" R ubber, 25 f t................................. 10c cockpit. The pilot operates the first four, Speed, Sea Level, 130 M .P.H .; Landing
1/8" F la t R u b b er, 25 ft.................................. 15c
W in d ers ............................................................... 17c the aerial gunner in the rear seat operates Speed, 57 M .P.H.
Prop. D raw ing ................................................. 10c the last two. Service Ceiling, 16,500 ft.; Climbs to
Tw in P u sh e r Layout S h eet ......................... 15c
M oskito R.O.G. L ay o u t S h eet ................. 10c Attack planes also carry ten 25 lb. frag­ 15.000 ft. in 33*/i mins.
M oskito Indoor F ly e r L ayout S h eet . . . . 10c Absolute Ceiling, 18,600 ft.
M oskito B aby Cabin L ay o u t S h eet ........ 10c mentation bombs on racks under the wings.
Spools H a ir W ire ................................................07c They must be fast and maneuverable at O B SE R V A T IO N PL A N E S— O -l-E : 0-25
W rite for com plete p rice list. Add 15c on low altitudes and must have good visibility A N D 0 -1 9 :
all o rd ers of $1.00 or less. On all o rd ers over for the pilot ahead and below. They need
$1.00 add 10c for each $1.00 value to cover Observation aviation is known as “the
postag e and packing. not have high ceiling as they are seldom
R em it by Check, M oney O rd er o r E x p ress
eyes of the arm y," taking photographs and
called on to fly higher than 500 feet on a
O rders. gathering useful information for its own
tactical mission.
M O S K IT O F L Y E R CO. forces.
Curtiss Falcon A-3-B:
11 W est 42nd Street, New Y o rk C ity Observation planes have a pilot, seated
Gross W eight— 4458 lbs. Span— 38 ft.
in front, and an observer seated in the rear.
W ing Area— 353 sq. ft.
The observer’s cockpit contains a radio re­
Curve, Clark “ Y” ; W ing loading— 12.63
ceiver and transm itter, a signalling pistol
lbs./sq. ft.
and ammunition, and, sometimes, an aerial
Engine— Curtiss V type water-cooled 12
camera. A round the cockpit is a gun
cyl. V-1150 E. of 435 H.P. at 2300 R.P.M.
m ount with two .30 calibre machine guns.
Speed, Sea Level, 139 M .P.H .; Landing
The pilot has one .30 cal. machine gun
speed— 60 M.P.H.
synchronised to shoot through the pro­
B3A
peller.
Bombardment Planes— LB-7 (Light Bom-
bardment) and B-2 ( Heavy Bombardment): O -l-E — Curtiss Falcon Observation.
Bombers— Keystone (LB'7) and Curtiss Practically the same in appearance and
Condor B-2: performance as the Curtiss Falcon Attack
The “ LB" stands for “ Light Bombard­ (A-3-B) plane except for less armament
ment.” A bombing plane must be able to and different arrangem ent of the rear (ob­
carry a great weight of bombs, be able to server’s) cockpit.
get good ceiling with this load and have 0 -2 5 — Douglas Observation:
large enough fuel tanks to give it a good Gross W eight— 4,573 lbs. Span— 40 ft.
cruising radius and provide space for a W ing A rea— 364.1 sq. ft.
W H A T O T H E R C O M P A N Y CA N G I V E Y OU A L L T H I S ? Curve— Gottingen 398. W ing Load­
50 fL rubber with your first order of $1.00 or pilot, co-pilot or navigator, gunner and
Γ IVIMj over. 10 per cent discounts on all orders over
bomber, radio operator and «it least one ing— 12.55 lbs./sq. ft.
$Γι.00. Free Insurance and postage. Highest quality.
Ono hour service. other gunner. These gunners operate in Engine— Curtiss water-cooled V-type, 12
Balsa Japan llawkono.. .3c sheet
1/10 sq.x40", 8 for---- 5c Hope or Acetone, I oz. .lfic defense in case of attack by hostile aircraft. cyl. engine G1V 1570 of 600 h. p. at
1/32x2x40". 2 for......... 90 Ambroid. 4 oz..................30o 2,450 R.P.M. Propeller geared to engine.
1/10x2x40". 1 for........ 5c Music Wire. 10 ft........ 3c B3A or LB'7— Keystone Light Bombard-
1/8x2x40", 1 for....... 7c Rubber, %" flat. 225ft,60c Prcstone-coolcd engine.
lxGx30" ......................... 55c ment:
2 ft, flying Curtiss Coupe Kit. 75c: 2 ft. flying Stin­ Speed— Sea Level, 158.4 M .P.H .; Land­
son Detroiter Kit. 75c.: All Balsa Model. 18 In. (fly­ Bomber in nose of fuselage. Pilot and
ing) Kit. 30c.: All Three in One Kit, $1.55. 10 Baby co-pilot seated side by side. Aerial gunner ing Speed, 60 Μ. P. H.
It.O.G. Kits ill Ono. $1.00. Send 3-Ic stamps for
l ’rlco List. and radio operator in rear of fuselage. Service Ceiling, 22,375 ft.; climbs to
WOBURN MODEL A I R P L A N E SH OP
19 Belmont Street Woburn, Mass Bomber also acts as aerial gunner. The 20.000 ft. in 29 mins. Absolute Ceiling,
LB-7 designation is now obsolete, the new 24.000 ft.
PROPELLERS B3A being the standard type. It is much Thomas'Morse O -19;
Aluminum Adjustable Pitch Pro­
pellers for (lying or scale models— the same as the LB-7 except for single rud­ Metal fuselage, tail group and ailerons.
8" dla. 35c—10" (11a. 50c.
Shaft hearing and hangar for above 25c der. (W ings are fabric covered.)
3 Bladed Adjustable Pitch Propellers
Complete with shaft and hushing. Gross weight— 6Vi tons including 2,000 Gross weight, 3,994 lbs.
8" dia. 85c—10" dla. $1.00 Span— 39 ft. 9 ins.
Special Scale Model Die-Cast Propellers lb. bomb load.
with shaft and bushing:
3 ’4 " dia. with spinner (Hawk Type).. 50o Span— 75 ft.; W ing aroa— 1148 sq. ft. W ing area— 346.2 sq. ft.
C’4 " dia. with spinner (Hawk Typo).. 75e W ing curve— Gottingen 398; W ing load­ W ing curve— Clark “ Y” .
0% " dfa. Standard Steel type............... 75«·
5" dia. 3-liladcd with spinner............. 75c ing— 12 lbs./sq. ft. W ing loading— 11.5 lbs./sq. ft.
Postage 3c cacli Propeller.
D. 0. X. Propellers— 2" dia. l-hladcd 10e eaeli with Two engines— Pratt 8* W hitney “ H or­ Engine— Pratt ö W hitney radial air­
spinner, $1.00 per doz. Pmtage sr dozen. cooled W asp; with 10.1 geared super­
We carry 54 types of proixdlcrs in stock. nets," R-1690, radial air-cooled engines of
Send 5c for Complete Catalog of Models and Supplies. 530 H.P. each, at 1,930 R.P.M. charger. 508 h.p. at 1.900 R.P.M.
Scllcy Mfg. Co., Inc., I377A Gates Ave., Brooklyn. N.Y.
 MODEL AIRPLAHE HEWS 45

Speed— Sea Level, 146.5 M .P.H ; Land- 0 2 H — Improved 0 2 C , tanks in fuselage

ini' Speed, 5S M.P.H.
Service Ceiling, 21,425 ft. Climbs to
2(2,000 ft. in 33 mins. Absolute Ceiling,
23,000 ft.
Jn addition to the above a long-distance
reconnaissance (observation) airplane is
undergoing service test. This is a three-
place dual-engined Fokker monoplane— with
2,600 h.p. Curtiss motors placed in the
wings, and retractable landing gear.
•Crew consists of (1) observer (or photog­
rapher) in nose; (2) pilot; (3 ) radio
operator in rear cockpit back of wings.
Observer and radio man both serve as
aerial gunners.
The following are a few examples of
Army airplanes, at present, or lately, in
service, together with their particular model
designations.
P i A— Curtiss Hawk Pursuit Plane with
Curtiss D-12C, 430 h.p. engine.
P lB — Improved P i A and improved mo­
tor (Curtiss D -12-D ); larger landing
wheels.
P lC — Same as P lB , except motor has
■ new type of gun synchronizer and
wheels have brakes.
P6— Same as P lB , except for 600 h.p.
. Curtiss motor, guns moved forward,
instrument board revised, oleo landing
gear and different brake pedals.
P i 2— Boeing No. 89 Pursuit plane,
Pratt-W hitney W asp engine.
Pl2B — Modified P-12 with improved
landing gear, and tail surfaces, Frize
ailerons, metal constructed.
COA-1— Corps Observation Amphibi­
an; Locning Amphibian plane equip­
ped for military observation purposes.
O lB — Curtiss Falcon Observation plane
with Curtiss D-12, 420 h.p. engine,
wheel brakes and dumpable main fuel
instead of in wings, new tail surfaces.
O i l — Curtiss Falcon Observation plane The Aeronca!
with Liberty engine.
0 1 9 — Thomas-Morse Observation plane,
all-metal except for wings, elevators
and fin covering; Pratt-W hitney W asp
engine.
0 2 5 — Same as Douglas 0 2 H , except for
replacement of Liberty engine with
geared Curtiss 600 h.p. engine.
A 3— Curtiss Falcon A ttack plane, a
modified O l for attack purposes. Gun
and bomb racks inside lower wings.
A3B— Modified A3 with Frize ailerons,
oleo landing' gear, new gun synchro­
ΛII model builders knmv this popular light, plane.
nizer and simplified gun installation. United’s Hying scale of tills plane has excellent
duration, stability and gets altitude like an auto­
C -l— Douglas Cargo (T ransport) plane, giro. Its specillcaUons are: Span lfi". Chord 2",
Fuselage 9", I’rop 5". Covering Jap. Hakonc tis­
one direct-drive Liberty engine. sue. balsa construction, and detailed full size plan.
C-3— Ford Tri-motor Transport plane, Complete kit ti5c postpaid.
W right W hirlwind engine.
C-6— Sikorsky Model S-38A Amphibian
plane.
C-7— Fokker Tri-motorcd Transport with
J-6 engines.
C-9— Improved C-3 with W right J-6
(300 h.p.) engines.
B-2— Curtiss Condor bomber, two geared
600 h.p. Curtiss engines, 4,000 lb.
bomb capacity.
LB-7— Keystone Light Bomber, two THE ALEXANDER BULLET
Pratt-W hitney H ornet (525 h.p.) en­ Tiere Is a thing scale model worthy of the choice
of the most exacting model builder. Although it
gines, 2,000 lb. bomb capacity. sells for a low price, it can’t tie duplicated for
twice as much, and its Hying Qualities arc un­
PT-1— Consolidated Primary Training equalled. Its specifications arc: Span 2214". Chord
plane, 180 h.p. W right V-typc Model 3% ", Fuselage 15%". Prop 7". balsa construction,
and llaknne covering. Full size. Complete kit
E engine. $1.75 postpaid.
At the present time, we arc constructing an 8 ft.
PT-3— Same as PT-1 except for wing gasoline powered model of our 14 in. Aeronca, and
we cordially invite all interested to our shop to sec
modification and W right W hirlwind it, and also to Inspect the alatvc two models and
bo convinced of their guaranteed values.
engine.
BT-1— Douglas Basic Training plane, 02- United M odel Airplane & Supply Co,
H with dual controls and no military A ero n au tical E n g in ee rs
1291 C L I N T O N A V E N U E I R V I N G T O N . N. J.
equipment. Send stamp for catalog.
BT-2— Similar to BT-1 but with Pratt-
W hitney W asp engines.
ltfiflild t h e

tank, and droppable auxiliary fuel
tank.
O lE — Same as O lB except for Frize
ailerons, oleo landing gear, new gun
synchronizer.
0 2 — Douglas Observation plane, Liberty
engine.
0 2 A — 0 2 equipped for night flying.
0 2 C —im proved 0 2 A , improved gun­
ner’s cockpit.
I
YF-1— Fairchild 71 Model, photographic
plane put out for service test.
B3A— The new LB-7— new designation
— single rudder.
C U R T IS S ^ *
To return to the lower line of the three
on the side of the fuselage, wc find the
letters "A .C .” , for A ir Corps, and the year
of the contract under which the airplane
Falcon
was made, together with the Air Corps an­
nual serial number for that airplane.

Boelke, of G erm an y
(Contiruted from page 20)
December of that year the machine he had
been seeking was given him, a Fokker which
definitely placed him in a far superior posi­
tion to his foes because of its greater speed,
stability and ease of control.
Now he had two machines,' further in­
dication of the esteem in which he was held
by the German officials— the small Fokker
monoplane with a 150 h.p. rotary engine
in front, which he used for range-finding,
and a large biplane for long flights.
He must have had a thrilling and breath­
taking existence. By this time the French
were doing their utmost to squelch aerial
tactics by sending out fighters in German
territory, and Boelke and others were as­
signed to protect observers while on patrol.
His plane had been equipped with a wire­
less, by means of which he also directed
artillery fire.
Boelke went merrily on his way until
June 1915, adding to his growing list of
achievements, having earned by this time
the citation of the Iron Cross of the First
Class. Then he was transferred to a single-
seater fighting squadron and took under
his wing a raw recruit, Max Iinmclmann,
who under his tuition later became one of
Germany’s outstanding aerial fighters. A t
this time von Richthofen was also learning
his method of warfare in the skies.
Amid all the horror and bloodshed of
those days, Boelke still had time to be
human. Already he was noted for his
bravery and chivalry, frequently visiting the
hospitals which were caring for his wound-
Postpaid
iS " W ingspan
Herr’s th e o n ly o ffic ia l scale model of the Falcon
—approved by C u rtis s-W rig h t, builders of the
plane itself.
From our guuruntcrtl construction set you can build
this exact scale model, or a flying model that our ex­
perts have found to fly over 400 feet when perfect­
ly constructed.
Every detail is exact, yet you’ll find it easy to build
from our full-sized working plans. Kvery step is
laid out for you. Jus: send $1.75 plus 1Sc postage
for west of Mississippi or Canada.
Semi Sc for our new illustrated catalog describing
our latest models and the largest assortment of
supplies in the world.
M a n u fa c tu r e r s o f O ffic ia l C u r tis s - W r ig h t
M o d e ls
SELLEY jVIFG. CO., INC.
1 3 7 7 -A Gates Avenue, Bklyn., N . Y.
46
?/ Curtiss A r m y H a w k
Comploto original const ruc-
tion set for flying model.
Prico ....... $1.00
Curtiss N a v y H a w k
Complete net for Captain
I’ago’a racing plane. Λ
snappy model.
Pric° ......... $ 1.00
Lockheed Vega
Comploto sot to .make
cither Vega or Sirius mo­
del. Very fast models.
Prico ........ $1.25
Hawthorne models and materials Eire satisfaction be­
cause of the quality. Catalog tree.
Hawthorne Model Aero Co., Hawthorne. N. J., Dept. N
A R M Y B O E IN G F IG H T E R P -12 -B
An 8 in. scale model for your desk, in this kit
the cowl and wheels are made and wings cut to
size.
Kit complete, postpaid in U. S. A ........$ .50
T R A V E L A IR M Y S T E R Y S H IP
Λ 10 in. scale model. In this kit the N. A. C.
A. cowling and wheels arc made and wings cut to
Kit complete, postpaid in U. S. A ........$ .50
3 F T . B O W L U S G L ID E R
A 30 in. tapered wing model with demountable
wings. All balsa coonstructlon. Can be assembled
In Vs hour.
Semi-constructed kit, postpaid in U . S .A ------$ .75
G O LD E N A R R O W M O D E L A IR P L A N E S
53 Vincwood Avenuo Pontiac, Mich.
Why Advertised
Models Are Best
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Fifty of th e older and la rg e r firm s a d v ertise
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etur_nUh_ nil _ nep.-iuwiry . m aterial including E asm cL Send
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1" Dia. Air Wheels (Doughnut type) p r.. 25o
114"Din. Air Wheels (Doughnut type) pr. 30c
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Postage ou wheels 4c pr. pair.
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Largest Selection of Model Supplies in the World.
Solley Mfg. Co., Inc., I377A Gates Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y.
MODEL AIRPLAHE HEWS
cd English and French adversaries to bring
them gifts of cigarettes and other trifles.
Once, back of the German lines, he risked
his life to save a French boy from drowning.
Boelkc had the acumen to first seek a
favorable position in the air before attack­
ing an enemy. He waited for the oppor­
tunity to attack from behind, not directly
in back but at an angle, since to be im­
mediately behind the enemy was to allow
the other’s motor to act as protection. A
peculiarity of his, and a fortunate one for
him, was that he generally set his op­
ponent’s aircraft on fire within a short time
after the first attack, sometimes with only
a few shots. In jest his own men used to
say that all Boelke needed to do was to
molest an enemy and the plane would im­
mediately catch fire or at least lose a wing.
By the end of August, 1915, Boelke was
an officer. His machine was now a newer
and more powerful one. Lieut. Immelmann
was accompanying him each evening to the
front lines to search for French planes.
Boclke’s own field reports of that period
mention blandly, “ W e went out peacefully
to hunt the enemy,” and find them they
did. More victories came in increasing
numbers.
O n September 23, Boelke was transferred
to another squadron, and as his own plane
had not yet arrived, the Commander lent
him his own Fokker. Orders were to go
up at 9 o'clock that morning with several
others to protect the Kaiser, who was
breakfasting in a castle nearby. However,
Boelke went up alone before then in order
to get the feel of the strange machine.
Only three or four minutes had elapsed be­
fore bombs began bursting and he spied
several enemy planes flying toward his di­
vision’s locale.
By the time Boelkc had brought his ma­
chine up to their altitude, the enemy had
dispatched all their bombs on his company’s
quarters. However, nothing was hit and
they turned to go. Boelke was now in
range of the lowest of the group, but in
order not to attract their attention too
soon did not fire until within three hun­
dred feet. The plane tried to escape but
Boelke hung on its tail, shooting continu­
ally. A t last the Frenchman was hit. He
tried to glide to earth and land behind his
own lines, but lost control of his machine
and fell behind the German barbed wire
entanglements. The pilot was captured by
the artillery detachment and the plane
destroyed by their fire.
In Boclke’s own opinion, the hardest
fight he ever was in took place about two
weeks later. He was up about an hour
between Lille and A rras when the smoke
of bombs nearby announced the enemy. He
flew toward it and the Englishman who was
responsible started for him without a mo­
Co ment’s hesitation. A great scrap ensued.
Each tried repeatedly to attack the other
from behind. Round and round they
circled each other like two hawks stalking
their prey, waiting for an opening.
Keeping in mind an earlier experience
when he had used up all his ammunition
at a critical moment, Boelke was sparing of
his fire and would shoot only when he
could get his sights on the enemy. O ften
not a shot was fired for several minutes,
and the grim, unceasing circling went on.
The advantage was Boelkc’s, however,
for they were over the G erman lines, and
he knew that sooner or later the enemy
would give up and make a dash for home.
At last his opponent gave himself away.
Boelkc noticed that while circling he be­
gan to edge over toward his own lines,
which were not far distant. The German
waited his chance and climbed into favor­
able position.
Using the enemy’s engine as a target,
Boelkc fired several bursts into it, putting
it out of commission. T hinking that his
adversary might be able to make his own
lines in safety, despite the useless engine,
Boelkc continued the attack, and nearly
let himself in for trouble. Firing at close
range he failed to sec that he was virtually
over N o M an's Land. W ith very little
fuel left, Boelke was forced into doing the
obvious— landing behind his own lines—
and proving that oftimes “ Discretion is the
better part of valor.”
O n landing, Boelke learned that the
British machine had landed near the Eng­
lish lines, and that one occupant had es­
caped by dashing through German shell
fire to the shelter of the trenches. The
other occupant of the machine, if not killed
during the aerial fight, was killed when
German shells blew the machine to bits,
and set it on fire.
So Boelke continued the ruthless game
of war, accepting it because it was his duty
but never forgetting that his enemy was
human like himself.
H e did not spare himself, facing any and
all danger with fatalistic calm. The Ger­
man High Command began to fear for him,
and as his services as an instructor were
equally as valuable as a fighter, they order­
ed him to the Balkans to teach others his
masterful aerial tactics. This was in July,
1916. However, hero-worship and honors
meant nothing to him as compared with
the zest of battling in the air, and three
months later he was back on the Western
Front, where victory followed victory, until
Boclke’s name was a household word in
Germany. By this time he had brought
down 40 Allied machines.
Then the inevitable happened. It was
October 28, 1916. Boelke and his Jagd-
staffcl had been hard put since the preced­
ing July trying to overcome the British
superiority on the Somme front. The Ger­
man infantry had been forced back, and
with it the German air corps had suffered,
the Allies having attained strategic mastery
in the air.
“ Looking for trouble” of some kind or
other, Boelke was leading two of his flights
on patrol near Poziercs when they came
across two British de Haviland planes, ap­
parently doing contact patrol work.
Though outnum bered, the British flyers
took up the fight. The seven German
planes swooped down on the two dc Havi-
lands. Boelke singled one out and dived
at it. von Richthofen followed Boelke and
joined in pouring bullets into the enemy
machine. However, one of his companions
flew between Boelkc and von Richthofen,
forcing the Baron to swerve away and leave
Boelke alone.
A nother of the German machines, an
Albatross piloted by Lieut. Boehmc, dived
to the assistance of Boelke, but in doing so
wrote “ finis” to the career of Germany's
then greatest air fighter. Boehme's dive

was so steep and fast that the machine did
not respond to the controls quickly enough,
and one wing'tip grazed the wing-tip of
Boclkc's machine. The impact apparently
was very slight, yet Boelke's plane began
to flutter downwards, the wing falling off a
few seconds later. He was doomed. T he
plane fell like a plummet, was smashed to
bits, and Boclke was killed.
Such was the end of a valiant enemy and
a master aerial fighter. No better tribute to
A irp la n e D esigning C ou rse
(Continued from page 30)
edged the most rapidly maneuverable type
in existence.
Well, the war did not last forever, for­
tunately, but it lasted long enough to wipe
out the old reliable pushers and the flying
wings (the pterodactyl) and substituted the
quick-moving, fast-climbing tractor ship of
high power— in other words, the ship that
we sec in general use today.
However, these designers who are not
satisfied with our present planes for civilian
and commercial purposes ask, “ Does a
good fighting plane, with its qualities of
high performance, necessarily make a good
safe ship for the private owner? Can a
person teach himself to fly— safely— on one
of our modern planes? Can a ship with
a fifty-mile-an-hour landing speed and a run
of six hundred feet on smooth ground be
called safe for the unskilled pilot who flics
for sport?”
Those are a few of the questions that
every airplane designer must face. The
modern pioneers who arc searching for and
developing new principles of flight say this:
That the modern, conventional plane re­
quires too much skill in operation for the
inexperienced private owner who flics only
for pleasure and, perhaps, for business
trips. T hat the tendency toward more and
more power and even greater speed is rais­
ing the cost of the airplane far beyond the
capacity of the average man to pay. T hat,
what with the ever-present danger of the
stall and the spin, the present type of
airplane is fundamentally unsound in de­
sign.
Sounds pretty bad, doesn't it? W ell, I
do quite a bit of flying in the conventional
type of plane, and manage to get around
safely; but it is not our purpose here to
take sides in the controversy. The thing to
do is to look at the thing sanely, not
blinded by prejudice, and see what we can
learn of the various types and how they
work.
First we will discuss the “ canard,” the
old familiar twin-pusher type. The canard,
or tail-first type, was the first successful
airplane to carry a man. The W rights
taught themselves to fly on one. T hat in­
domitable Brazilian, Santos Dumont, made
the first flight in Europe on one. Further­
more, both the W rights and Santos D u ­ steep climb. W hat happens? Simply this—
mont taught themselves to fly on these
lumbering crates— and did it safely, crude
as their ships were at that time. This would
seem to speak volumes for the safety of
the canard type.
Just how does this “ tail first” airplane
operate? W hat features make it safer— if
it is safer— than the ordinary plane?
MODEL AI RP L A K E HEWS
his courage and chivalry could have been
paid than that of the British Royal Flying
Corps. Flying over the German lines— a
white pennant fluttering from a strut to
signify his peaceful intent— a British air­
man dropped a laurel wreath on Boelke's
airdrome. The inscription on the wreath
was simple, but sincere. It read:
“To the memory of Captain Boclke,
our brave and chivalrous foe. From the
British Royal Flying Corps.”
To answer that first question let us take
a twin-pusher model in hand and get down
to business. A twin-pusher model of the
usual A-frame type is, as all model build­
ers know, about the simplest and most effi­
cient of the real long-distance model ships.
It consists merely of a vec-shapcd fuselage
of two sticks which take the strain of the
motors, a small elevator out in front, the
main wing at the rear, and, behind the
wing, the propellers. This is the true ca­
nard type.
Now take a look at Figure 1. Here we
see sketched a full-size ship of the canard
type, with the elevator out in front and
the motors slung under the wings, driving
pusher props. W e should mention, perhaps,
that the plane shown in the sketch is not
offered as a practical design. It is merely
an example of this type of ship.
It is quite easy to sec just how this tail-
first airplane works. The main wing pro­
vides the lift that sustains the weight of
the ship in the air. The elevator is, of
course, used only for control. So far, then,
we haven't seen anything very remarkable.
But wait. Suppose we try to stall a well-
designed canard plane. First, we'll increase
the angle of attack of the elevator in order
to put the ship into a climb. The ship
responds and noses up. Since we are deli­
berately trying to stall, however, we keep
th at elevator control well back. The plane
noses higher and still higher. Presently it
begins to lose most of its speed, just like
any other plane that is nosed into a climb
too steep for the motors. Right here things
arc changed!
T hat elevator is small in comparison to
the main wing; and, since the control is
kept well back, the elevator is operating at
an angle of attack greater than that of the
wing. Well and good. Now, before the
ship stalls— that is, before the main wing
reaches its stalling , angle of attack— the
elevator is stalled. T hat is simply because
the elevator had a greater angle of attack
in the first place.
The elevator, having reached and passed
its stalling angle, loses lift very rapidly,
and is no longer able to exert the force
that keeps the whole plane nosed up in the
the plane noses down of its own accord,
before that main wing reaches its stalling
angle, and comes out with only a few feet
of altitude lost in the process.
There can be no falling off on one wing,
no disastrous spin; all for the simple reason
that the spin depends on the main wing
being fully stalled. No airplane can spin
,47
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Replica of Bellanca Skyrocket, sister ship (o holder
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T H E M O D E L F L Y E R ’S G U ID E
The book with the low down on tills model busi­
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just like yours. Popular priced edition postpaid
35c. Included without charge with an order for
both models shown in this ad.
Light weight sponge rubber pneumatic tires mounted
on aluminum disc wheels. Satisfaction or your money
bark. 2" dla.. dia , H i " din., any size, 25c a
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Any color, i oz.. 20c; 2 oz.. 30c.
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agency in your town we will return your money.
Send 2 2-cent stamps for price list.
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In d u s t r y " a lso s e n t fre o if yo u a n sw e r a t onco.
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quality balsa wood, free from worm
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1/1G X 1/1G X 36".................................... 1c
1/1G X 1/8 X 3G"...................................... le
1/8 X 1/8 X 3G-........................................ 1c
1/8 X 1/4 X 3G"........................................ 2c
3/10 X 1/1 X 30" ....................................................... 2c
- 1/4 X 1/1 X 3G"........................................ 2c
1/32 X 2 X 30" sheet halsa................... 6c
1/20 X 2 X 30" sheet halsa................ 7c
1/10 X 2 X 30" sheet balsa................... 7c
1/8 X 2 .v 30" sheet balsa..................... 8c
O F F I C I A L A. M. L. A. K I T S : O R D E R D IRECT
FROM US: P O S T P A ID .
BABY H.O.G. 30c; Indoor Fuselage 75c: World’s
Record Tractor $1.25; FINEST GRADE l ’ARA
RUBBER, 3 feet for lc or 00c for 210 ft. skein.
NO ORDERS FOR LESS THAN 50c WORTH OF
BALSA. 10c Packing Charge on all orders under
$1.00, except kits.
Send stamp for price list,
Southern Model A irplane Supply Co.
P. 0. Box 149 ATLAN TA, GE O R G IA
 48 Μ Ο DEL AIRPLANE KE WS

unless the angle of attack of the wing has size ship. W hat did he do?
passed the burble point. W e learned that Yea, brothers! He built, and flew, liter­

A IR S E A L in the articles on the tail spin in this course.

There you have one of the greatest
points in favor of the canard type. It can't
ally dozens of model airplanes, even as you
and I; and he watched the performance of
each, noting various characteristics and ei-
be stalled, in the sense that we use the fects of changes in the design. He carried

BALSA word, if it is well-designed. It can't be

spun, either.
This type has other advantages, too.
on this work for some time. Then he was
ready to build the full-size ship. H e did.
The plane was a success.
Model B uilders attain the greatest For one thing, the motors are behind the Then he built another, applying what he
success by using The Best G rade passengers, slung beneath the wings in the had learned with the first one. The second
of M aterial. A ir Seal Balsa is type sketched, where they are well away was even more successful than the first; and,
known as the highest grade of Balsa from the cabin. This cuts down the noise from all reports, the Fockc-W ulf concern
by the Model A irplane Builders. in the passengers’ compartments. It does intends to go on building these canards.
The W inners of N ational Contests
away with objectionable motor fumes and The canard type is an interesting idea,
are using A ir Seal Balsa—A ir Seal
Balsa is sold in all sections of the reduces the fire hasard. It is cleaner. and its development will be watched by all
country. If you do not use A ir Seal Furthermore, the propeller slipstreams do airplane designers; but there arc other types
Balsa try a sam ple order, we have not mess up the air for any control sur- equally deserving of attention. One of
a few standard sizes for im mediate faces; nor do they eddy and swirl around these is the flying wing, or, to be more
shipment. any parts of the ship to produce excess accurate, the vee-wing or pterodactyl type.
\ drag.
W rite for Free Booklet on Model T hat tongue-twister, “ pterodactyl," is the
Construction Then, too, the pilot of this type of plane name of a prehistoric flying reptile that
can stop his ship quickly when landing. had swept-back wings and no tail to speak
Prices Including Postage ou Sample Sixes
As every builder of flying scale models of. It controlled its movements in the air
2" thick, 6" wide, 36" long at $1.15 each
2" thick. 5" wide. 40" long at 1.15 oach knows, the conventional type of airplane by moving the tips of its wings— or so the
1/8" thick, 6" wide. 36" long at .55 each has an exasperating tendency to nose over
1/16" thick. 6" wide. 36" long at .50 oach archeologists say. W e’ll have to take their
1" thick. 4" wldo, 36" long at .60 oach when landing, especially when some slight
3" thick, 3" wido. 36" long at .85 oach word for it.
obstruction is encountered by the wheels. Like the canard, this type of airplane is
Prices quoted on quantities of varioue Grades on
request. In full-size work, pilots never apply their an old one. A bout the first successful
wheel brakes with too much force. They one, as far as I know, was built in Eng­
T H E FLEISC H M A N N would nose over if they did so, and a nose- land. This ship had a pronounced sweep-
over in a full-size, heavy ship that is com­
TR A N SPO R TA TIO N GO. ing in at some forty miles an hour is no
back in the wings, and, of course, no tail
at all. It flew quite successfully until the
Balsa Wood Olvision joke. It means a good prop gone west, a war came along and the urge for speed and
595 M A D I S O N A V E N U E strained motor mounting, perhaps a strained power and maneuverability backed every­
NEW YORK, N. Y . fuselage structure, a bad shock for the thing else off the map.
327 So. La Sallo St., 245 - Ilth St., passengers, and a jolt for the whole ma­
Chicago, Illinois. San Francisco, Cal. chine. Now for the principles of the pterodactyl
Now, suppose the pilot of a canard plane type. As shown in Figure 2, the wings arc
was forced to shoot a landing in a very swept back at an angle of about thirty de­
M O D E L A IR P L A N E M A T EK ΙΛ L small field. He knows that the normal grees. In monoplane jobs the wings are
Big bundle of sample stock containing various sizes landing run of the plane, probably, is quite usually tapered a great deal, although the
of balsa and other wood. Hat and square rubber biplanes of this type, as a rule, use wings
strands, music wire, Japanese tissue, reede, round a bit longer than the available space. Yet
wood, bamboo and our low prices cn model airplane w ithout taper.
supplies. Balsa stock is 18" long. Sent postpaid he comes in with confidence, because he
tor 25c.. five bundles for $1.00. The methods of control arc varied. On
If you wish our price list only send 2c stamp. Here knows that he can apply the brakes with
is a sample of our prices on balsa %" x \W' x 36" some ships the whole tip of the wing is
at lc per piece. full force as soon as the wheels touch, and
AERO S H OP do it with no danger of a nose-over. A t adjustable, being used both for aileron and
3050 Hurlbut Avc. Detroit; Mich.
worst,' the plane would only nose down elevator. This combination of control is
S P E C I A L A C C E S S O R IE S — New Beautifully Finished a little hard to explain. W e should re­
Parts for Your Fine Scale or Flying Models and skid along on the fore part of the
New Aluminum Drag Bing. 3" dia........................... 23c member that the tips operate as ailerons
Plotted Motor Cowl Plate with hushing................. 15c fuselage. W ith the conventional plane in
(These Parts Fit Standard i " Celluloid Motor) the same fix the pilot would have his choice by being moved with respect to each other
(Postage and packing 3r) (one up, the other down) and that, even
Special Tapered Spun Aluminum Cowls, 3" d ia ... 75c of three things: he could ram whatever
Aluminum N.A.C.A. Cowl With bushing. 2" dia.. 40c while acting as ailerons, they may be.: moved
3" ilia................... 50c 3’Λ " dia................... 60c obstructions happened to be in the way—
(Postage and packing lOr) meaning a nice crash, or, at the very best, together to act as elevators. The thing can
D io-C ast D u m m y M o to rs easily be reasoned out.
1" dia. 9 cylinders ................... ................................. 50c a perfectly good set of wings ruined; or
1% " dia. 7 cylinders with propeller..................... $1.00 As for rudders, they are usually strange
(Postage i c ) he could apply the brakes full-force and
.005 6 " w ide A lu m in u m -G erm an S ilv er half wreck his plane in the consequent in size, variety and placement. Sometimes ,
Corrugated 25c—30c—35c per ft. none are used at all. In these cases the
Flat 25c—25c?—30c per ft. nose-over; or he could pull a ground loop
(Postage )c per ft.) designer depends upon the ailerons for turn­
We carry a complete line of scale model accessories. as soon as he landed. This last would
Send 5c for catalog. mean a strained landing gear, probably a ing, knowing that, once the ship is banked
Scllev Mfq, Co.· Inc.· I377A Gates Ave.· Brooklyn, N.Y.
lower wing torn off or smashed, and other over, the natural stability will cause it to
damage. turn of its own volition. W hen rudders
M & L BA BY R. O . G. These are some of the advantages of the are used, sometimes they are placed above
Complete Kit - 35c p.p. canard type of airplane. It has some dis­ the wing, sometimes below. Usually, how­
C O N T A IN S advantages, too. The present types are ever, two rudders— one on each side of the
W ire p a r t s sluggish on the controls. They are, ad­ fuselage— arc used.
f o r m e d, c e ­
m en t, b an an a mittedly, not as maneuverable as the trac­ Now for the advantages of this type.
oil, colored tis ­ tor types; but the sponsors of the canard There are many, but one of the most im­
sue, balsa, etc.
type point out that ships for passenger portant of these deals with the stall. The
Μ & I, Monocoupe Kit $2.00 p.p. carrying and private flying need not be pterodactyl type is easy to control at angles
C O N T A IN S
Balsa Wood, col­ built for stunting. far beyond the burble point. To those who
ored t i s s u e , In Germany, the Fockc-W ulf concern have studied the earlier articles in this
bamboo, cement.
banana oil. cel­ has been experimenting with the tail-first course that means a lot, because they will
luloid w h e e l s
and motor, fnil - type for quite some time. It was H err know that the average airplane goes into a
size blueprints,
etc. (Blueprint Fockc, I believe, who decided that a canard tailspin only because the pilot loses aileron
only........... 50c.) job would be a worthwhile experiment. control when the plane is stalled.
H e ath C om bination—P a ra so l—C en tre w ing
and Low w ing K it, com plete. $2.00 p.p. A fter lengthy scientific investigations and Thus we find the pterodactyl type to be
(B lu e p rin t only ......................... 50c.) wind tunnel work, H err Focke decided that safe from the dread specter of the tailspin.
M & L MODEL SUPPLY CO. he wanted more practical experiments be­ Then, too, it has remarkable stability. It
3211 Filbert St., Oakland, Calif. fore he undertook the building of the full- almost flies itself.
S ensational V a lu e s
Popular Profile - Fuselage
Models, each only 85 C
(E veryone of th ese
models is a little b e au ty .
,1 r c-j <r\
*ΟΓ v -M S )
Each in perfect pro p o rtio n to th e o th e rs. Special
price good only until A ug. 31, 1931—a fte r th a t price
again becom es $1.10, each).
P rim ary G lider and A dvanced S o a re r (com bination
k it). K it F I .-101
G reat L akes T ra in e r, K it FT.-102
F le c tste r H ig h W in g M onoplane, K it F I.· 103
Boeing F ig h ter,
Kit F I .-104
E ag lero ck B u l­
let, K it, FL-10S
C u rtiss II a w k
(p ic tu red here)
K it FL-106
T rav e l A ir M y s­
te ry Ship, K it
F L - 107
B oeing M ail Plane, K it F I .- 108
C u rtiss Robin. K it F I .-109
Y ought C o rsair, Kit F I .- 110
Lockheed S iriu s, Kit F L - I ll
C u rtiss Falcon, K it F I .- 112
Here s the most thrilling / . { " scale
model oř all— and the one which
amazes with its 30 m.p.h, speed—
TRAVEL
AIR
MYSTERY
SHIP
W hat a model th is is !—y e t a ctu ally easier to
build th a n our fam ous G re a t L ak es S p o rt T ra in e r,
(also sold a t $5.50) A full 22" sp an , a n d 15)4"
length. B rilliant red and black colorings. F'lies a t
30 m .p.h., to a h e ig h t of 30 or m ore feet, and for
a distance of app ro x im ately 500 feet o r over. K it
contains tu rn e d balsa cowl and cowl rin g , tu rn e d
balsa w heels, red icu t balsa rib s, a n d fibre propeller
blades, finished propeller hubs, n ew -ty p e b earing,
sim plc-to-build wheel shoes, full-size copyrighted
draw ings, easy · to -u n d e rsta n d in stru c tio n s—e v e ry ­
thing. O rder K it SF-2C , only $5.50 p o stfrcc.
Every red-blooded boy W i l l
want to own this remarkable
‘Ύ \ scale Cleveland-Designed
War Line.
Boeing F ig h te r (U . S.) K it CB-1 . . . . ..$4.00
Spad X III (U . S.) K it CB-2 ................. .. 4.00
Fokker D-7 (G erm an ) Kit CB-3 .......... .. 4.00
X ieuport Scout (F re n ch ) Kit CB-4 .. .. 4.00
A lbatross D-3 (G erm an) K it CB-5 .. .. 4.00
F o k k er T rip lan e (G erm an ) Kit CB-6 4.00
A s k Y our Leading Store for these and other Cleveland-Designed Models— if th ey haven’t
got them, order direct. A s h them i f there’s an N . A . M. E. Chapter in your town, too.
CLEVELAND
1866N West 57th St.
“Cleveland Blue D iamond” is the symbol of honest
in C le v e la n d ’s Summer C i earance
In preparing for Fall business
the Cleveland Model & Supply
Co., is offering some rem arkable Cleveland s famous set of 24 OUT­
summer specials. Everything LINE D R A W IN G S a r
shipped postfree. Don't miss
this opportunity. O rder what
you want NOW , and enjoy these
savings.
of M ilitary and Com- f f * g) ’
mercial rlanes, only
(Separate Drawings, 10c. each)
These drawings
Great Lakes
include
Trainer,
Tiavel Air Mystery
Ship. Curtiss
What a Summer this IS for llawlc. Condor
the boy who owns these
OVER-SIZE profile-fuse­
lage models. So inexpen­
sive, too.
C LE V E LA N D ROBIN Bomber. Sikorsky Ainphibion. Ford Trimotor, Fokker
C an be assem bled in from 6 to 12 hrs. Machines and ninny others. (These are not drawings of
S p an 33", length, 20". Yellow w ings and
tail su rfaces, red fuselage and wheel
models.) Be sure to get in on this. Nothing ever like
It before. Above offer expires Aug. 31. 1931.
discs, black s tru ts and details. K it F L -
201, only $2.20 postfree.
An A uthority on Model A irplanes states:
“ Cleveland Kits as we have seen them are good.
Material Is above tlie average—all of it. You
have quality over and above any material that
has come in liere. Your plans are the best we
have ever seen, and tin· llrst ones that did not
leave quite a good deal to the builder's imagina­
tion. My personal opinion Is that CLIOVELAND
Kits, while slightly higher in price, are superior
in quality and are the only real “scale” kits on
the market today.”
C LE V E LA N D SIRIUS If th ere s a lake,
S pan of 34)4", length, 23". Red w ings
and tail su rfaces, e v ery th in g else black.
K it FL-202, only $2.20 postfree. river, or pond with­
in 5 miles of you—
don t go another
day without this
C LE V E LA N D A M P H IB IO N
Takes off water or land and how! This famous model
lias been built by thousands of model alreraft engineers
C LE V E LA N D BULL PUP sinee its recent IntroductHii. Proclaimed the llnest flying
water model. New thrilling water sport that attracts
C apable of flying a t least 1.000 feet. hails of attention. Kit complete with full-size copy­
Span, 36", length, 24". B rilliant green righted drawings, and easy-to-understand instructions,
wing ru d d e rs a nd elevators, w ith yellow and more than enough quality materials. Order Kit
fuselage, w heel discs, fin and stabilizer, FI.-301. only $;!.30 postfree.
keenly trim m ed w ith black. K it I'L-203,
only $2.20 postfree.
A nd—be s u re to g e t th is h an d y N O T E ­
B O O K -C A T A L O G . I t 's the m ost talked
about book am ong aerom odelists.
model b uilder should have it. L ists 26 or
E very
Entire Set of 6 Successful m ore C leveland-D esigned m odels (m any in
c olor); and the com plete stock of B lue D ia ­
m ond engineered supplies. W e ’ll ru sh your
ST|CK copy to you on receipt of only 25c.—don’t
delay—send for yours X O W . (N o tree
copies).
M O D ELS N O T E TO F O R E IG N C U S T O M E R S : Add
9" to 37’/ / ' sp an —tra c to rs, p u sh ers, tw ins, 25c. e x tra to above prices, except on .
etc. T h is is far less th a n the cost of p r in t­ draw ings.
ing alone. Act quick.
MODEL & SUPPLY CO.
M o d e l A ir c r a f t E n g in ee rs Sin ce 1919 Cleveland, Ohio, U. S. A.
quality, reasonable price and immediate service
 L U M IN O U S P A IN T BLANK
·
CARTRIDGE PISTOL
S p ecial Offot
l* r o U c lio n a o a i n s t B u r o l a r s . T r a m p j , & D oqS
MIDGET BIBLE
'" " 'T T .' '*''*"*- 1 Bl*nk Cnrtridgo PiatoL
Make Your Watches, Clocks, Etc.,
k u E U io h t The very In tet diicovcry in the scientific
V I S l D i e D y M v c g n k „ urUI. Hitherto. prncticnUy UDohtnin- Well madonnd
pnlV I .5 0
ablo neopt a t an exorbitant price, we baro at laat aucccoded in producini thii remarkable effective, mod- Tho Lot
LUMINOUS PAINT, w h ich , applied to th o .u rf^ e oř nr.ynrticlo. em it· <>* !ifht. eilod on latest
rondoring it porfoctly visible m th· dark. THE DARKER THE NIGHT, THE MORE BRIL­ 'typo of Revolver;
LIANT IT SHINES. . Quito eimplo to uso. Anyoue^-you coe do it. Λ bulo applied to tho dial appearance alono l£
o! your vratch or clock will cnablo you to tell tho timo by night. You can coat tho push but­ enough to ecaro e. -
ton· or awitch plátce oř your electrio lights, match boxe·, and innumcrablo other article«: Durglar. When loaded It ^J5S bo toon to bo approbated* Mako rood money
mako your own Luminous Crucifixes, Lmmnou· Rosaries, etc. beui-* P rl®® 25 c. Lerrer may be ne cfl'cctivo c j tv \f, soiling thorn to friends, church acquaintance·,
aixofl, 50o and $1 postpaid. JOHNSON SMITH & CO. D eoU 97i . RACINE, WIS. real revolver without drní·1 i'l oto. PRICE 15c each. 3 for 4 0 c , 12 t o t
Bortoiifo. It taken stand­ S1.25, 100 for $7.50» Also obtainable in
ard .22 Cal. Blank Cart- Leather Binding, with gnid edeos. Prico 50o
STAGE Tidgo —obtainable ever
Trbore. Special c a sh wl.__
each, 3 for 51.25, S4.GO per dor. Magni­
fying G las· for tun with Midget Bible, 15c.
MONEY p rd e ro ffe r: 1 Superior «uallty Blank Cartridge P/s- ]
toi, l u u manic ^artria^ce, ana our new bäO page
J)o Luxe Catalog of latest novelties; all for ONLY
$ 1 .5 0 « Shipped by Express only. Cannot go bp
LovefsKnotorFriendshipRing
poat. E xtra Blanjt Cartridges 5 0 c per ICC#, Made of 4 strands I
e Oc. No C.O .D . shipments« of genuino 14K gold
filled wire, woven in­
IExploding Cigarettes
Box contain· ten genuine etc-
Skull and Crossbones RlflQ ar^tt·· oř excellent Quality.
Throw Your Voice to tho True Lover’a I
K not, sym bolic o f
love o r f riendship.
Very pretty, yet not
Very striking, quaint and *5Ρ·*Γ showy. Each ring is 1
uncommon
uncommon. R!lv< r finish:
Silver finish ·. "*hen each cigaretto i* about ma deby hand by gold
two brilliant. Iladting Kcms |arete a very treat surprise ni wire expert. It looks
Rparkle out of Ihe eves. jt goes off with a loud HANOI good and it ia good.
the tup. eiTcct will bo all you Said
cjrstre. 40 Ui11a 20c.. 120 (or Only to
LOc., S3.t>0 thouvand o. pd.
be a lurky token. IA greet mirth provoker yet βη·
25c postpaid. Jtlrelr harmless. Prlco^Scbox
TheVENTRILO Prico SOc P o stp aid
a H ttlo In s tru m e n t, fits In J o h n so n Sm ith & C o.
th e m o u th o u to f sig h t, u se d
THE DANDY PERISCOPE w ith above f o r B ird Calls, Rubber Chewing Gum
A n y o n e c a n u s e it. N e v e r fa ils .
V ery In te re s tin g a n d A m u sin g N ovelty _ 16-P age C ourse o n A L L F O R l/J
SEE W IT H O U T B E IN G SE EN V e n tr ilo q u is m a n d i n < > n n t i .
Look O ver th e H ead s of th e T a lle st M en in th o V e n tr ilo .................l U L e i U S
a Crowd.
See O ver a Fence, A round C orners, E tc .
LOTS OF FUN AND
L00Kr%^ LOOK W o n d o rfu l
In s tru m e n t.
G reatest
t hi ng
It Is Just like a regular package of
chewing gum and looks bo real that it
Cool· everybody. Of coureo no ono sus­
AMUSEMENT yet.Nino pects it ia not genuino until they «tart
to chew it. There's n world of fun in
S tro n g ly M ade. E quipped w ith M irro rs, separate this rubber chewing gum — 5 atickn to
___ a rtic le s tho pnrkngo. Price, 10c Pkg.; 3 for
S ig h t-F in d e r an d E ye-P icce. In o n e . 25c; 12 for 75c postpaid.___________

T HIS Is tho same kind of Instrument th at the soldiers

use in the trenches to watch the enemy without risk
of being seen themselves, and every submarine has
I I?*" Everybody tie-
\é f lighted with It.
Odd, Curious and lnterest-
Rubber Cigarcllcs-PriceperBox. 20c
'Rubber Matches. P rice p e r Pkg.lOc
one to project above the surface of the sea to keep a
look-out for other vessels, etc. With it you can gaze over
a high wall or sec around a corner without being sc«*n
Ing. Lots of pleasure as well
as very useful. I t Is a doublo Microscope for ex- BABY
your λelf. or. if you are in a crowd, you can look'right
over the heads of the tallest men ami watch all the fun.
_ nmiuing tho wonders of náturo. I t Is also an TANK
Opera Glass, a Stereoscope, a Burning Lens, a Reading
Our illustrations will give you some idea as to the num­ Glass, a Telescope, a Compass, a pocket Mirror, and a
erous u<es to wh'rh the Periscope can be put. Kvery Roy Laryngoscope—for examining eye, ear. noso and throat. I t
Scout should have one for spying and anyone c?se who Is worth all tho cost to locate even ono painful cinder In tho
wants some rare amusement. The Handy Persoope Is
Verv strongly made, will sf a u d the roughest haml'lng and the hardest eye. Folds Hat and tits the pocket. Something great—you
wear, ami with ordinary use shou'd last a lifetime. It measures 17 ni-ed ono. Don't mísa It. Sont by ronil. Only 35o or 3 to r S I.0 0
inches ‘ong. and a little over two inches wide. The Periscope Tut*·
is handsomely doco-.ved with colored dos'gns to show many of It·
uses, and end» Periscope routes complete in box. 125 T R IC K S W I T H C A R D S
Price Postpaid to any Address ............................... $ 1 .0 0 Containing all the tricks and deception* with cards
By drawing thoTank backward, either with tho hund
lor over the floor or tablo and then placing it down
ever Invented. Including the latest Tricks of the most
ted. including ».twill crawl along, overcoming au nil ooeiaciee,
obstacles, ini tho
N O V ELTY B A D G ES STAR TOY MAKER ce’ebrated Conjurers. Magicians antiand Prestidigitators uamohfo-liko m anner
uamolifo-liko nnnerna the lurger
ns tho larger lank thatproved
that pi
G reatest b o y s * book
written. Telle how to make
popularly explained,
exp! simplified and adapted for home io deadly in tho Kteia w ar. U hat mokes it -- 8ΓΟ1«
__ mechanism
amusement ar an,I social <ntcrt.inmc.nti. .The «hole so 1th mechanical
a PinholeCnmora, a Canoe, explained, that any one can. with a little practice, ays, y e t thin tank will Keep ploddinsrnlonfr ttentimee
modal Railroad, n Tele­ perform the most difficult feat, to his own satisfac­ .......................................
mfrorthnn th o o rd in ary.......... __I-t will
ru n of toys. ..I perform
phone, Boomerang, Tele­ tion «nd ti> the wonder and admiration of his friends.
graph Instrument, B ο x There Is also added a Complete Exposure of all the Uozónsof thoinoatw onderiuletunta. 2 5 c p rep a id .
Kite, Talking M a ch in a , Card Tricks made use of by Pro'csslonal Card Play­
Misernnropc. E l e c t r i c ers and Gamblers. Shows how "Skin** Gamblers cheat
Motor. Electric Door Bell,
W ater Wheel. Paddle Raft, n pair of Skis, and win money by their infernal "palm fling*’ and ITCHING Powder
a "Dog Sled. Bird House, Rabbit Yard,« c. other tricks. These features make It the best work Thi« 1b nnothcr frood prac­
64 pnges. 150 illustration·. PRICE 10c. ever published on Card Tricks. Price 25c Postpaid. tical jokof tho in to n n e dis­
comfiture of your victims to
AMATEUR ELECTRICIAN, all about electric- M IC R O PH O N E T R A N S M IT T E R B U T T O N everyone .but themselven is
platod, that you can wear, giving you fun ity in simple languago. How to make batter- thoroughly e n jo y a b le . All
out of all proportion to their trilling coat« i»-e, dynamo·, motors, telephone·, bells, cleetrio th a t Is necessary to sta rt the
10c, each budgo. 3 for 25c« o r 75c DOS coils, engines, lights, etc Price 10c postpd. ball rolling: is to deposit a lit­
dox» postpaid-anywhoro. tle of tho powder on a per­
son's bu n d a n d th o powder
SURPRISE MATCHES Wonderful "X-Ray Tube
lAvronderfulllttle
can bo rolled upon to do’tho
re s t. Tho ronnlfc Is n vigorous scratch, then nomo
moro scratch, nnd ntilleomorooro. 10cbox,3boxea
M ore fun than instrum ent nro- jfor 2 5 c or 7 5 c per dozen. Shipped by Exprcfls.
fighting with yourQ, V M uclng o p tic a l
wife. Look Just
like o r d i n a r y γ}
7) Q.sUvV .]illusions ____
both
r / l f t t I su rp ris in g an d
ANARCHIST BOMBS
matches. P u t up „ . A y / ' ‘‘-‘»startling. With it You can canily mako a highly rcneitivo doloeto- Ono of these glas« vlaln
In boxes Just, like reg-1 (if. you can ioO what i· apparent!/ tho bone· of phono by ueinc this Transmitter Button to collect dropped in a room full of
your finger·, tho lead m a lead pencil, tho in- the Bound wave·. You cun build your own outfit people will emiHo more con­
ular Safety M atches.1^ without buying cxrcneivo equipment. It ie eimplo sternation than a lirntiurirer
As the victim tries to _ nnd inexpensive. You can inetnll an outfit in your cheese. The smell entirely
lig h t one ho gets quite a surprise. homo and hear convcreation· being held all over the disappears in a short time.
house. Ynti enn connect tip different room· of a 1 0 c . p e r Box, 3 Boxes
hotel. Thi· outfit was need by, secret ecrvico fo r 2 5 c ., 7 5 c p e r Uox.
B oxes, o r S 7 .5 0 per
ROLMONICA operativea during tho war. It i· being used on tho
•ta^e. It ia ultra-acnaltivo and is the grcatcut in­
vention In microphones. You can mount tho
K ross B oxes.
only by Express,________
Shipped

A Mouth Organ button nliiiont anywhere—card board boxes, etovo

pipes, stiff calendars, on tho wall behind n picturo
frame, etc. Button is bo light and small it cannot SNEEZING POWDER
th a t Plays bo detected. Persons can bo overheard without
suspecting it. You can li«ten In on conversation·
with a in another room. A deaf person in the audience
can hear tho speaker. Connected to phonograph,
on th o h ack __ __
hand and blow it Into
Music piano or other musical inatrurnent, music can be
heard hundred· of feet away. Button may be used to renew telephone
tho iiir, nnd everyone In
tho room or car will be-
Roll transmitters; often makes an old line ’’talk up" when nothing else will. The
ideal microphone for radio use; carries heavy current nnd is extremely sensi­
pin to snooze without
k n o w in g th o rea so n
A n y O no Can P lay tive. Amplifies rndio signals. Countless other similar uses will suggest why. I t is most nmaz-
I t W ith o u t P ra ctice themselves. Experimenters find tho button useful fo· hundreds of exp· im r to h o a r t h e ir ro-
ments along tho lines of telephones, amplifiers, lend speakers, etc.. „ ... , ----- - . m arks, an th ey n e v e r
A W ide S e le c tio n fascinating stunts may bo devised, eur*h ns holding tho button against the nuspect tho real sourco, b ut think they navo caught
of R olls to C hoose throat or chest to reproduce speech without sound waves. PRICE 51.00. it one from another. Between th o la u g h in g nnd
BnoeziMf you youroelf will bo having the time of your
F rom lu o . For P i x r t i r a , p o l i t i c a l m e e t i n g * , c a r r i d e » , or
MAGICIAN’S BOX OF TRICKS nr.y place a t a!, where thero Is a gathering of penpl o,
A pparatus an d D irection s f o r a Number of . M y s ­ 7SŽ b?&ePrV£·3 t0f2gc.
te rio u s T r ic k ·, E n o u g h fo r
The Veritable Pocket > n E n tire E ven in g’ · J B
E n t e r ta in m e n t . . . V Q
COMICAL
P ock et Player P la n o Size Jazz-Band! Anyone Can Do Them MOTTO RINGS
Rolmonica is an automatic harmonica, that play music roll just like a player piano. I t ia great fun mystifying your Lota o f h arm! ose f u n an 11
«hole brass band -the biggest
__ ion of the musical world in the last friends. Get this Conjurer's Cabi­ amusement wearing th-uiq
Anyone can play it, f·*r all you have to do is to insert a roll, and turn the net, and you will bo tho cicvcrrsfc rin gs. Made In platinoid
follow in your district. I t contain· finish (to resemble plati­
handle while you Mow. That is all there is to it. Nothing could be simpler. Any child tho oeparatus for tea fir-i-clie· num ), w ith w o rd in g on
who can do these two simple things can play the Kolmonica. It is a veritable pocket sire tricks, including Tho MAGIO enamel old, as illustrated.
Jazz-Band, combining the principles of the harmonica and the player piano. It is an BALL AND VARK TRICK (n Prico 2 5 c e a . Postpaid
instrument of a thousand melodics, it plays the popular airs of the past, as well as the vroodcnballiaplaecdmsidc.andupon
latest Broadway^ hits. There are hundreds of rolls to select from, such as My Blue replacing tho lid hae disappeared O C A m a g ic
Heaven, Home Sweet Home. America. Old Black Joe, Annie Laurie, Sidewalks of New ond is found in someone clso'eroel:-, TRICKS
York, Humoreviuc. Wild Irish Rose, Rosie O'Grady, Among My Souvenirs, Love’s Old ct); Tho HINDOO TRICK CA UDS
(can bo znado to chanco completely
Sweet Song, D.xic, Mighty Lak’ a R.'sc. Aloha Oc, Ramona, Juanita, Rose Marie, Onward
Christian Sohlic-s, Sally of My Dreams. Carolina Moon, 1 Fawr Down & Go Boom, Weary
River, Over TIit c , Ma Cherie, Long Way to Tipperary, Make Believe, Desert Song, La
Baloma, S w n Adeline, I've Got a Feeling, Fagan l^ivc Song, When My Dreams Conte
no Ices than five times): DIS·
APPEARING COIN BOX. (a coin; placed in tho wooden box: caíiííhe®
__ — .
entirely or change· into o coin of another denomination); Tho GLASS GOB­
LET TRICK (a coin ia dropped into n glare of water nnd when the water in An excellent littln
1 0 c
Truc, Fara. _· of Wooden Soldiers, Land of Sleepy Water, Turkey in Straw, Hail the poured out tho coin has vanished nnd is found somewhere else); tho RIBBON book containing 250
Gang’s All Here, and hundreds of fit hers. An unfailing source of amusement. You can FACTORY FROM THE MOUTH TRICK (a seemingly endless supply of Parlor Trick«, trickn
delight your friends for hours and play tune after tune simply by chang· rolored paper ribbons comes out of your mouth); tho DISAPPEARING with cards.coins.hand-
HANDKERCHIEF (a handkerchief held in tho hand mysteriously vanishes); kcrohiofs.eggt. ring",
tig rolls. Small in size, fitting your pocket, yet mighty in its finger- tho WIZARD’S KING COIN TRICK; tho ENCHANTED BOTTLE (no
tickling, toe-tingling tunc power. Nat a toy, but a genuine musical one but yourself Is nbl· to mako it lay down); tho GREAT HAT AND DICE rIhmh'8. etc. äo simplo
instrument and the life of any party. One Roll free with each Rolmonica. TRICK (a largo dico ia placed on top of a hat. disappears, and is found under­ that n child can per­
Extra Rolls always obtainable, complete list with each instrument. neath yet no ono has touched tho bat), nnd last, but not least, tho GREAT forin them. Profusely
New Rolls added each month. Price with l Roll 51.S0; Extra Roll» 10c PHANTOM CARD TRICK, or two from fivo leaves nothing. Full in­ illun. S*'nt postpd. to
structions are sent for performing each trick. In addition to tho above, a any address for only
each, all postpaid._____________________________________ ________ number of other feats and illusions arofullyexplaincd for which you can easily 1 0 c . 3 copies lor
Λ De luxe Edition oř our new Catalogue mailed on receipt of 2Sc. mako or procure tho necessary apparatur. Prico comptote 91.00 nostoaid. 25c.
Handsome; binding. Bigger and better than ever. Only book of its
kind in existence. Nearly 6S0 pages of all the latest tricks in magic,
the newest novelties, puzzles, games, sporting goods, rubber stamps,
unusual and interesting books, curiosities in seeds and plants, etc.,
ADDRESS ORDERS FOR ALL GOODS ON THIS PAGE TO
unprocurable elsewhere. Remit by Stamps, Coin, Money Order, Check,
etc. Canadian and Foreign Stamps also accepted. JOHNSON SMITH & CO. Racine,WIs.